Module 12 Current

development of smart port

Yi-Chih Yang

Professor,

Department of Shipping and

Transportation Management,

National Kaohsiung University of

Science and Technology, Taiwan

Outline1. Definition of Automatic Container terminal

2. Features of Automatic Container terminal

3. Benefits of Automatic Container terminal

4. Current development of Automatic Container terminal

5. Comparison of different operation between manned and automatic Container terminal

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1. Definition of Automatic Container terminal The global automated container terminal market is

expected to grow at an impressive CAGR of 25% during 2017 to 2021, according to Technavio’s latest research.

Automated container terminals are cleaner, safer, and quieter than conventional terminals, and they deliver

containers much faster than fully manned terminals.

Harmful diesel emissions are lowered because of electricity and batteries power used by the cargo-handling equipment.

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The fully unmanned automation terminal is based on artificial intelligence and is referred to as a robotic port because it carries out all the work of loading, unloading and transporting cargo in a fully unmanned automation terminal without a person.

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2. Features of ACT

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Considering the challenge of larger ships, taller cranes and bigger call sizes that the container terminals are facing, four success factors of an automated terminal can be identified:

– Efficient STS cranes– Intelligent automatic stacking cranes (ASC)– Integration of terminal equipment from ship to gate– Remote operations from a control room

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Among the world's container terminals, the Port of Rotterdam holds an especially positive attitude toward development and implementation of new harbor technologies, and has served as a pioneer in port logistics.

The ECT terminal at the Port of Rotterdam and HHLA terminal at the Port of Hamburg have adopted central computer control to perform dispatching of and cooperation between AGVs and ASCs.

Harmful diesel emissions are lowered because electricity and batteries power the cargo-handling equipment.

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Architecture of Automatic Container terminal

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3. Benefits of ACT1. To save labor cost

Labor cost ratio of traditional terminal is 40% and those of Auto terminal is 27%

"Labor costs have been reduced by 70 percent because of this automatic terminal, while efficiency increased by 30 percent,

2. To decrease operation breakdown

To prevent operation breakdown arisen by labor strike

3. To lessen industrial disaster

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4. To reduce operation expense

ACT capital investment is larger than Traditional CT by 116%.

Operation expense is cheaper than Traditional CT by 18%.

5. To improve productivity

24 hours operation 20%~30% productivity improvement

6. To increase green environment

The fully unmanned automation terminal uses eco-friendly electric power for all loading and unloading facilities including quay equipment (QC), transport equipment (AGV) and yard equipment (ASC).

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4. Current development of ACT According to the Technavio 2017 research report15, the

market for global automation container terminals, including semi-automation terminals, will grow at a CAGR of 25% from $ 2.04 billion in 2016 to $ 6.22 billion in 2021.

- Of these, fully unmanned automation terminals accounted for 51.47% of all automation terminals in 2016 and are expected to increase to 55.31% in 2021

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Growth tendency of Automatic Container Terminal

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(1) ACT in Rotterdam One of the pioneers of automated container terminals

was the HHLA Container Terminal Altenwerder (CTA) in Hamburg. CTA also automated horizontal transportation. After CTA’s foray into automation, it took some years before the next automated terminal began operation. By 2008, automated cranes had been installed at less than a handful of terminals.

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Gantry Crane productivity in Netherland Michele Camm & Dirk Visser of Dynamar in the

Netherlands suggested that very large vessels require 6,000 move / hr of port services per ship for super-large vessels of 20,000 TEU or more 7)

ㆍ The work of 6,000move 24 hours a day for super-large ships is said to be the only alternative to the quay crane unmanned automation.

In this report, APMT, a fully automated unmanned terminal in Europe, expects to increase productivity by more than 50% and productivity by more than 40move in RWG

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Automatic Container terminal

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(2) ACT in China Located at the south of Donghai Bridge, phase 4 of the

Yangshan Port covers 2.23 million sq m and has a 2,350-m shoreline.

Once it enters full operation, the fourth phase of the Yangshan Port will initially be able to handle 4 million TEUs (twenty-foot equivalent units). The number will expand to 6.3 million TEUs later on.

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Gantry Crane productivity in China In China, automation technology is being implemented or

planned with the goal of productivity of 40 move per crane crane, which has improved productivity by about 40% compared to the existing one.

QQCTN in China is targeting a maximum of 24,000 TEU vessels, and NAVIS and terminal operators in charge of the operation system aim at an average productivity of more than 40move per hour. 8)

In addition, SIPG leader YANJUN, the operator of Yangsanport (4th stage), is confident of improving productivity by 30 ~ 50% compared to 25move / hr (30box)

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Main functional regional layout of the port

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Cross section layout of the work area in front of terminal

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Once it enters full operation, the fourth phase of the Yangshan Port will initially be able to handle 4 million TEUs (twenty-foot equivalent units). The number will expand to 6.3 million TEUs later on.

2350m/100m/GC=23.5GC 23.5GCx200,000TEU/GC=4,700,000TEU

26GCx200,000TEU/GC=5,200,000TEU

2230000sqm/2350m=948.9m

25 moves per hour by GC =25x1.2=30 boxes per hour

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So far, the first set of machinery, including 10 bridge cranes, 40 rail-mounted gantry cranes and 50 AGVs, have been tested and put into trial operations. In future, there will be 26 bridge cranes, 120 rail-mounted gantry cranes and 130 AGVs available at the Yangshanautomated container port.

10xGantry Crane+40xRMGC+50AGVs 比例1GC:4RMGC:5GGC

26GC+120RMGC+130AGV =1GC:4.6RMGC:5AGV

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(3) ACT in Singapore Singapore, the world's number one transshipment

hub, will build 65 berths from 2020 to 2040 in TUAS, the next generation port, and all systems will be fully automated and unmanned.

In addition to robotic technology of terminal logistics system, TUAS port realizes smart technology such as green technology, drone technology, ship tracking and on-time entry technology simultaneously

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Next generation ACT named TUAS in the Singapore

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5. Comparison of different operation area between manned CT and automatic CT Comparison of container terminal layout

Comparison of berth area

Comparison of transport vehicle

Comparison of container yard area

Comparison of gate area

Comparison of terminal operation system

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(1) Comparison of container terminal layout Horizontal layout in the CT Vertical layout in the ACT

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To Improve RTGC utilization

To simplify operations and

reduce the number of AGVs

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(2) Comparison of Berth Area Manned Gantry Crane

Single trolley with twin or tandem lifts

Automatic Gantry Crane

Double trolley with twin lifts or tandem lifts

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Handling efficiency: 30-35 lifts per hour

Handling efficiency: (1) Sea side trolley handled b men

by 30-40 lifts per hour

(2) Sea side trolley handled by automatic operation by 25-30 lifts per hour

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(3) Comparison of transportation vehicle

Auto Guided Vehicle

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Yard tractor / truck

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(4) Comparison of container yard areaRTGC (Rubber Tired Gantry Crane)

RMGC (Rail Mounted Gantry Crane)

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One RTGC

4high x 6row

Two RMGCs installed / operated per block to increase storage rate and capacity, and breakdown preparation.

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(5) Comparison of gate areaManned container terminal

Automatic container terminal

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Bare code system

Reduction of container delivery time and terminal productivity by applying advanced technology such as image recognition and DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication)2019/12/6 Module 12 Current development of smart port

(6) Comparison of terminal operation system Manned terminal operation

Automatic terminal operation

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Transmits and receives various data using wireless terminal and handy radios

- High-tech intelligent planning / operating system

Automation equipment work instructions and terminals through

Operational control room (5 ~ 6 people)2019/12/6 Module 12 Current development of smart port

Thanks for your attentionWelcome to Kaohsiung harbor city hgyang@nkust.edu.tw

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