modul kem201052 english pmr[1]

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JABATAN PELAJARAN NEGERI TERENGGANU

KEM AKADEMI 20 10 5 2MODULE

SPECIAL OPS PMR 2012

ENGLISH LANGUAGE

YEN TIN MIDTOWN HOTEL,

KUALA TERENGGANU

17 19 SEPTEMBER 2012

PREPARED BY EXCELLENT TEACHERS:

NO NAME SCHOOL DISTRICT

1. NORLIZA BT MAT SALLEH SBPI BATU RAKIT K.TERENGGANU

2. FARIDAH BINTI YUSOF SM (SAINS) DUNGUN DUNGUN

3. NURDIANA BT JAFFAR @JAMPAR

SMK BADRUL ALAMSHAH

KEMAMAN

4. ROSMA' INAH BT OSMAN SMK SULTAN ISMAIL2

KEMAMAN

5. NAHAZIRA BINTI NASIR SMK TENGKU

IBRAHIM

SETIU


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SPECIAL OPS PMR ENGLISH 2012

2

SLOT 1

AROUND THE WORLD


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The Most Important Events

1. The Wager

Description Important Points

Phileas Fogg spends most of his time at the Reform Club where he eatshis meals and plays cards with his friends. It is during a card-playing session thatFogg gets involved in a discussion about a bank robbery and the possibility oftravelling around the world in 80 days. His wager of twenty thousand pound, withAndrew starts his journey around the world. Of course, back then, this wouldhave been near to impossible, for they did not have the technology we havetoday. If he fails to make it back to the club in exactly 80 days, he will lose half of

his fortune. This highlights the characteristic of Phileas as a very determineperson when he agrees to wager half of his fortune just to prove that he will beback on Saturday, December 21st at 8.45 p.m.

Besides, when his friends challenge him to complete the journey in a shortspan of 80 days, Fogg is extremely excited and confident to take up thischallenge. He believes that one can make it if one is precise and efficientenough. Being a very punctual, meticulous and strict person, it is possible forPhileas Fogg to succeed.

Description of Characteristicsdetermine, confident, brave

Lesson learnt1. We must be a brave person likePhileas.2. I learnt to be a confident person to

accept any challenge.3. The event teaches me to be adetermine person.

Themedetermination , confidence, bravery

2. Saves Auoda In The Forest


On the way to Allahabad on the elephant's back through the forest,suddenly Fogg and his companion meet a group of bandits who have kidnappedthe daughter of a wealthy merchant. Phileas Fogg is indeed a brave man and notafraid to risk his life to save someone from harm.

He shows his bravery when he decides to save Aouda, even he does notknow who she is before he attempts the rescue. He has to risk his life andfreedom to rescue Aouda but Fogg is willing to do whatever is within his reach tofree her from her kidnappers.

First and foremost, Fogg waits until it is dark and goes to the hut; he cutsopen the hut and rescues Aouda who looks half-dead. They decide to save thekidnapped Aouda by breaking down the walls of the hut where she has beenkept.In addition to this, Fogg quickly runs and climbs onto Kiouni when the bandits

chase after them. He safely tucks Aouda in one of the howdahs with her stillsleeping soundly.

Last but not least, to make sure Aouda is safe, Phileas Fogg offers to takeAouda to Hong Kong, his next destination. This event portrays the caring side ofFogg as he is willing to delay his journey to Allahabad in order to rescue Aoudafrom the bandits.

Description of Characteristicsbrave, caring

Lesson learnt1. We must be a brave person likePhileas.2. I learnt to be a caring person towardsothers.

Themebravery

3. Fights with the outlaws on the train



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During the train journey across America, the train that brings Fogg and hiscompanion is attacked by the outlaws. They swarm the carriages and fight withthe passengers. The conductor, who is attacked, cries that if the train is notstopped, it will surely crash. Passepartout hears this too and bravely he slipsunder the train carriages. He removes the safety chains and a violent joltseparates the train and the engine. The train comes to a standstill near Kearney

Fort station. The soldiers ofthe fort hear firing and rush to help. The outlaws run away. But when thepassengers are counted on the station platform, it is found that several aremissing, including Passepartout. Passepartout and some other train passengersare kidnapped.

Once again, Fogg displays his caring side, heads out to rescuePassepartout. At first, he wants to get Passepartout from the outlaws by himselfbut later is helped by thirty volunteer soldiers. He even gives 5000 pounds to thesoldiers as a reward. This shows his great concern to his butler, Passepartout.

This event almost derails Fogg's plan. Despite being left behind by thetrain, Fogg does not panic. Fix helps to get a sled to New York. However, theymiss the steamer, The China, to Liverpool.

Description of Characteristicsbrave(Phileas and Passepartout),caring

Lesson learnt1. We must be a brave person like

Phileas and Passepartout2. I learnt to be a caring person towardsothers.

Themebravery

SAMPLE QUESTION (1)Based on one of the novels, write about a character you like most.

SAMPLE ANSWER 1Based on the novels above, I would like to choose Around The World In 80 Days

written by Jules Verne . The story is about an adventure around the world which has to becompleted in 80 days. In the novel, a character that I like most is Phileas Fogg, the maincharacter.

I like him the most because he has a really calm characteristic. It is proven when hedoes not even nag to anyone although he was imprisoned. He just sits there and looks at hiswatch without saying a word to anyone. If I were him I would have cried as loudly as I could,

knowing that I am accused in robbing a bank.I also like him because he is really brave to help Auoda who is going to be killed bybandits. He also fights with the bandits when they try to catch Auoda once again on the train.This shows that he is very brave.

I think, with all the good and positive qualities portrayed in the character of PhileasFogg, it is undeniable that he is a likeable character in the story.

SAMPLE QUESTION 2Based on one of the novels, write about a character you find interesting. Give

evidence from the novel to support your answer

SAMPLE ANSWER 2

Based on the novel Around The World In 80 Days written by Jules Verne, thecharacter which I find interesting is the main character, Phileas Fogg.

He is said to have an interesting character because he is a very calm person.He did not even nag to anyone when he was imprisoned. He just sat there and looked at hiswatch without saying a word to anyone. If I were him, I would have cried as loudly as I couldknowing that I am accused in robbing a bank.

Brave is also his characteristic that I find interesting as he helped Auoda whowas going to be killed by the bandits and also bravely fought the bandits when they tried tocatch Auoda once again on the train.

So these are some of the reasons why I said that Phileas Fogg is aninteresting character.


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SAMPLE QUESTION 3Based on one of the novels, write about any event that you find interesting in the

story.. Give evidence from the novel to support your answer.

SAMPLE ANSWER 3Jules Verne has portrayed many interesting events in the novel Around The World In

80 Days and I find the part where Philea Fogg fights with the bandits on the train is the mostinteresting.

It started when the train suddenly stopped but not long after that it startedmoving again. However, a loud shouts and noises were heard from the outside. As it turnedout, a gang of close one hundred men had attacked the train. They moved from car to carand took whatever they could from the poor travellers. The train was going to crash. Luckily,Passerpartout managed to pull the brakes and the train stopped but unfortunately he wastaken away with other passengers by the bandits.

It was an excitement part as Philleas Fogg wanted to save Passepartout alone by

himself and that had proven that he was really brave. If I were him I would think twice asthere are so many bandits and I am really sure that I could not handle them by my own.At last the captain offered Phileas thirty volunteers to help him to fight the bandits. On

the next day, at dawn Phileas Fogg and Passepartout were seen otheir way back and theywere safe.

This event actually has captured my interest throughout the story as it really showsthe bravery of Phileas Fogg and Passepartout.

Sample Question and Answer

1. Name one character that is interesting

a) A Caring/Concern Character

The novel entitled Around the World in 80 Days written by Jules Verne introduces

many interesting characters. A character that is caring/concerned is Phileas Fogg.

On the way to Allahabad on the elephant's back through the forest, suddenly Fogg and

his companion meet a group of bandits who have kidnapped the daughter of a wealthy

merchant. Fogg is indeed a brave man and not afraid to risk his life to save someone from

harm. To make sure that Aouda is safe, Fogg offers to take Aouda to Hong Kong, his next

destination. This event portrays that Fogg is a caring/concern person as he is willing to

delay his journey to Allahabad in order to rescue Aouda from the bandits. During the train journey across America, the train that brings Fogg and his companion is

attacked by the outlaws. They swarm the carriages and fight with the passengers. But when

the passengers are counted on the station platform, it is found that several are missing,

including Passepartout. Passepartout and some other train passengers are kidnapped.

Once again, Fogg displays his concern/caringside by heading out to rescue Passepartout.

At first, he wants to get Passepartout from the outlaws by himself but later is helped by thirty

volunteer soldiers. He even gives 5000 pounds to the soldiers as a reward. This shows his

great care/concern of his butler, Passepartout.

All in all, Fogg is indeed a very caring/concern character as he takes the trouble and

risks his life to save Aouda and Passepartout even though the events have almost derailed

his plan.


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b) A Brave/Determined Character

The novel entitled Around the World in 80 Days written by Jules Verne introduces

many interesting characters. A character that is brave/determined is Phileas Fogg.

During a card-playing session at the Reform Club, Fogg gets involved in a discussionabout a bank robbery and the possibility of travelling around the world in 80 days. His wager

of twenty thousand pound, with Andrew starts his journey around the world. Of course, back

then, this would have been near to impossible, for they did not have the technology we have

today. If he fails to make it back to the club in exactly 80 days, he will lose half of his

fortune. It is evident that Fogg is a very brave/determine person when he agrees to wager

half of his fortune just to prove that he will be back on Saturday, December 21st at 8.45 p.m.

In another instance, Fogg shows his bravery/determination in the adventures to save

Aouda. He is brave/determined to save Aouda by risking his life and freedom to rescue

Aouda. Fogg is willing to do whatever is within his reach to free her from her kidnappers.

First and foremost, Fogg waits until it is dark and goes to the hut, he cuts open the hut andrescues Aouda who looks half-dead. In addition to this, Fogg quickly runs and climbs onto

Kiouni when the bandits chase after them. Fogg safely tucks Aouda in one of the howdahs

with her still sleeping soundly. Last but not least, to make sure Aouda is safe, Fogg offers to

take Aouda to Hong Kong, his next destination.

Fogg shows great bravery/determination when he never gives up, despite the odds.

He embarks on journey which is full of adventures and surprises.He hired boats, rides on an

elephant, takes over a ship, rides on a sled with sails and even hires a train in order to

achieve his goal.

In conclusion, Fogg has succeeded in many things. He wins the wager and proves that

man can travel around the world in 80 days. Most importantly he saves Aouda, confesseshis love and marries her; and everything is because of his bravery/strong determination.

2. Lesson Learnt / Moral Value

a) We must be a brave/determine person

Jules Verne, the writer of "Around the World in 80 Days" has taught us many valuable

lessons through his story. One of the lessons is that we must be a brave/determine person.

This lesson can be seen in the main character, Phileas Fogg. He is indeed a very brave

/ determine person when he agrees to wager half of his fortune just to prove that he will be

back on Saturday, December 21st at 8.45 p.m. It has all begun during a card-playing session

at the Reform Club, Fogg gets involved in a discussion about a bank robbery and the

possibility of travelling around the world in 80 days. His wager of twenty thousand pound,

with Andrew starts his journey around the world. Of course, back then, this would have been

near to impossible, for they did not have the technology we have today. If he fails to make it

back to the club in exactly 80 days, he will lose half of his fortune. Thus, from this event it is

evident that Fogg is a very brave/determine person.

In another event, we also learn to be a brave/determine person from Fogg. He shows

his bravery/determination in the adventures to save Aouda. He is brave/determined to

save Aouda by risking his life and freedom to rescue Aouda. Fogg is willing to do whatever

is within his reach to free her from her kidnappers. First and foremost, Fogg waits until it is

dark and goes to the hut, he cuts open the hut and rescues Aouda who looks half-dead. Inaddition to this, Fogg quickly runs and climbs onto Kiouni when the bandits chase after them.


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Fogg safely tucks Aouda in one of the howdahs with her still sleeping soundly. Last but not

least, to make sure Aouda is safe, Fogg offers to take Aouda to Hong Kong, his next

destination.

Passepartout also teaches us to be a very brave / determine person. This is clearly

portrayed during the train journey across America, the train that brings Fogg and his

companion is attacked by the outlaws. They swarm the carriages and fight with thepassengers. The conductor, who is attacked, cries that if the train is not stopped, it will surely

crash. Passepartout hears this too and bravely/with determination he slips under the train

carriages. He removes the safety chains and a violent jolt separates the train and the

engine. The train comes to a standstill near Kearney Fort station. The soldiers of the fort

hear firing and rush to help. The outlaws run away. This event has proven the bravery /

determination of Passepartout.

In a nutshell, we must be brave / determine in taking such a risk to save other people's

lives.

b) We must be a caring/concern person

Jules Verne, the writer of "Around the World in 80 Days" has taught us many valuable

lessons through his story. One of the lessons is that we must be a caring/concern person.

This lesson is highlighted in the event when Fogg and his companion are on the way to

Allahabad on the elephant's back through the forest. Suddenly they meet a group of bandits

who have kidnapped the daughter of a wealthy merchant. Phileas Fogg is indeed a brave

man and not afraid to risk his life to save someone from harm. He decides to save Aouda,

even he does not know that she is before he attempts the rescue. He has to risk his life and

freedom to rescue Aouda but Fogg is willing to do whatever is within his reach to free her

from her kidnappers. First and foremost, Fogg waits until it is dark and goes to the hut; hecuts open the hut and rescues Aouda who looks half-dead. They decide to save the

kidnapped Aouda by breaking down the walls of the hut where she has been kept. In

addition to this, Fogg quickly runs and climbs onto Kiouni when the bandits chase after them.

He safely tucks Aouda in one of the howdahs with her still sleeping soundly. Last but not

least, to make sure Aouda is safe, Phileas Fogg offers to take Aouda to Hong Kong, his next

destination. This event portrays the caring side of Fogg as he is willing to delay his journey

to Allahabad in order to rescue Aouda from the bandits.

Once again, Fogg displays his caring side, heads out to rescue Passepartout. At first,

he wants to get Passepartout from the outlaws by himself but later is helped by thirty

volunteer soldiers. He even gives 5000 pounds to the soldiers as a reward. This shows hi

great concern to his butler, Passepartout.

As a conclusion, we must be caring for/concern about others so that we will be loved

and cared for too.


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3. Major Themes

a) The journey around th e world in the chal lenged eighty d ays.

The novel "Around the World in 80 Days" by Jules Verne highlights many themes. One

of the themes is the journey aroun d the world in th e chal lenged eighty days.This is the main theme of the novel and connected to it, is the main character, the hero

of the story. Phileas Fogg is challenged by fellow whist players as to whether he can

complete a journey around the world in the short span of eighty days. Fogg is extremely

excited to take up this challenge, as he believes that if one is precise and efficient enough

can make this journey possible. So he takes up the task and starts a hurried journey around

the world. He has many ups and downs in this strenuous journey but he has a never say die

attitude that sees him through. Entwined with the story of his travels is the one character

who proves to be an obstacle once too often. He is the detective Fix and he suspects that,

Fogg is a bank robber and that the hurried travel from one place to another is just a means

of covering up the crime. So apart from natural hurdles and obstacles that Fogg has to face,

he has the further machinations of detective Fix to circumvent. What is surprising is that

Fogg does not suspect Fix and never smells a rat. In fact, Fogg helps Fix at more than one

occasion.

During the journey the focus of the author remains Fogg, his companions and their

experiences. While the places that they pass through are described briefly they are not given

any outstanding reference. They just form the background to the activities of the hero Fogg

with his insurmountable, incorrigible will.

The fact is that Fogg finds the love of his life-Aouda only because of this trip. At the end,

Verne seems to be putting across a moral lesson-that challenges are not as important as

finding true, abiding love and affection. Verne says that the heroic Fogg would not have

attained as much from worldly accomplishments, as he does from finding lasting love with

the charming Aouda.

Fogg does win the challenge but only after an interesting episode. He himself thinks that

he has reached a little late and has lost. But he and his group are unaware that they have

actually reached a whole day earlier. Fortunately for them, even after they have given up, by

a stroke of luck Fogg, Passepartout and Aouda find out that they still have a few minutes to

reach the Reform Club and Fogg does! We are all glad that Fogg is the winner at the end.

b) The suspic ion that Fogg might be the bank robberJules Verne is an intelligent writer of the novel "Around the World in 80 Days" who must

have known how to sustain the readers interest. Knowing that Foggs hurried journey

around the world would not be interesting enough without entwined sub themes. Verne adds

the theme of Fixs suspicion that Fogg is a bank robber.

The narrator relates how a well-dressed gentleman was responsible for a huge robbery

at the Bank of England. If we combine that fact with the knowledge of Foggs eccentricities,

even we as readers get a little curious as to whether Fogg could be a robber. After all Fogg

could have readily accepted the challenge merely because it gave him a chance to flee

London and to set out on a wild journey that would make him untraceable. This suspicion

keeps us interested too, though we do realize that Fogg is an honorable man and would notcommit such an attack. What Verne does manage to do is to create a mysterious aura


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around Fogg. We learn that he has been a sailor too in the way that he handles the ship to

Liverpool.

Fix follows Fogg through the world after being completely convinced that the latter is the

culprit. It is Fix who delays the journey innumerable times. These delays are challenges to

Fogg who deals with them brilliantly, adding further interest value to the narrative.

When Fix finally manages to arrest Fogg he finds out that his conviction was completelywrong. Fogg is innocent and is so angry that he gives Fix an amazing blow on his face.

Later, Fogg feels sorry for Fixs unfortunate luck and gives him some money. The manner in

which Fogg deals with Fix is truly gentleman like.

c) Fogg and Aoudas love

The novel "Around the World in 80 Days" by Jules Verne highlights many themes. Oneof the themes is love.

When Fogg and his group are traveling through India, they come across a princess, who

is being forced to commit suttee (suicide) for the sake of her dead husband. It is quite

uncharacteristic of Fogg to get involved in others affairs but he reiterates that he has some

time to spare, which can be used in an effort to save the princess Aouda. The others agree

to Foggs idea and it is Passepartout who comes up with the winning trick that makes their

effort successful. When Aouda comes to her senses, after the effect of opium has worn

away she expresses her extreme gratefulness to her saviors. But the reader notices later

that Aoudas gratitude is combined with deep affection in the case of Fogg. She starts loving

him for his nobility and his courage. Moreover, he is a handsome man. While Fogg takesutmost care of Aouda one does not know whether it is out of love, or merely for dutys sake.

He is extremely careful with her and is concerned about her safety. Passepartout can

recognize Aoudas affection for Fogg but he too is not sure whether Fogg would feel the

same as Auoda. The fact is that Fogg does have feelings for Aouda but he places his duty

above his love.

It is only at the end of their journey, at London that he confesses his love for her and

they decide to get married. It is their decision to marry that enables Fogg to win the bet. For

it is through the priest that they learn that they had actually reached London a whole day

earlier. Fogg rushes to the Reform Club and is just in time for winning the challenge. Later,

Verne underlines the fact that attaining Aoudas love was more important than winning a

challenge.

The theme of Fogg and Aoudas love adds romantic interest to the story. And, we learn

the lesson that love conquers all and that is why it must be placed higher than material

attainments.


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RALAT SLOT 1 AROUND THE WORLD

GUIDELINES TO ANSWER Identify requirements of the question.

Name the novel and writer/author. State a character that you admire. Give at least 2 evidence (from the text) Personalize your answer by stating your feelings and responses, if necessary. Check for errors in grammar, spelling and punctuation. Remember your answer should be more than 50 words.

Sample question 1:

Based on ONE of the novel above, write on a character that is determined to achievesuccess. Give evidence from the novel to support your answer.

Sample answer 1 (a)

Based on the novel Around the world in 80 Days by Jules Verne, there are many

characters portray in it and I think a character that is determined to achieve success is

Phileas Fogg. He is a fourty-year-old man and lives in Saville Row, London. He is very

punctual person and he is also one of the Reform Club members.

Andrew Stuart, his club member, had wager with him about travelling the world only

in 80 days. Through his reading and general knowledge, it was not possible to carry out the

journey, so he accepted the wager. His determination to make his dream comes true has

captured my interest.

Not only that, we knew that his success will be fruitful if he could move around theworld in certain duration. Although he had met many obstacles along the journey, he still

focused his mind to be a successful man. So he moved through the obstacles well. For

example, he decided to save Auoda from the bandits. It can be classified as his success

since he managed to save her.

Besides, his journey had stopped suddenly in India because of the unfinished railway

track. So he found out the alternative way. He rode the elephant with his butler, Auoda and

Ali. This event shows that he is really determined to achieve success.

In conclusion, Phileas Fogg has captured my interest to label him as a character that

is determined to achieve success.

Sample Answer 1 (b)

Based on the novel Around the world in 80 Days by Jules Verne, there are many

characters portray in it and I think a character that is determined to achieve success is

Phileas Fogg. He is a fourty-year-old man and lives in Saville Row, London. He is very

punctual person and he is also one of the Reform Club members.

Phileas Fogg is really a brave person and willing to do anything to get what he wants.

This proves that without high determination we could not achieve any goal in our lives. He is

said a character that is determined to achieve success when he bravely fought with the

outlaws on the train by the time they were attacked. It started when the train suddenlystopped but not long after that it started moving again. As it turned out, a gang of close one


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hundred men had attacked the train. They moved from car to car and took whatever they

could from the poor passengers. Phileas Fogg tried his best to fight the bandits to save his

friends as well as other passengers and at last he succeeded.

High determination is also clearly portrayed by Phileas Fogg when he attempted to

save Passepartout alone after knowing that Passepartout was taken away by the outlaws

with other passengers. Phileas Fogg did not even think of himself, what borthering him wasthe safety of his butler. Realizing that Phileas Fogg was really determined to save

Passepartout, the captain then offered thirty volunteers to help him along the mission. At last

they managed to bring back Passepartout safely. I really amazed with Phileas Foggs

determination in saving his butler.

The reasons above really support my choice and because of that it is undeniable that

Phileas Fogg is the only character that is determined to achieve success. I hope I will also

be like him in facing difficulties in my life.

Sample question 2:

Based on one novel above, write about an event that you think is the most

meaningful. Provide evidence from the text to support your answer.

Sample answer:

Based on the novel Around The World In 80 Days, written by Jules Verne, I think

that the event where Phileas Fogg fights with the outlaws on the train is the most

meaningful.

I said so since the event really teaches me to be a brave person. I realized that

without high determination I could not achieve any goal in my life. The action of Phileas Fogg

and his friends fight with the outlaws on the train is the best example of bravery. It started

when the train suddenly stopped but not long after that it started moving again. As it turned

out, a gang of close one hundred men had attacked the train. They moved from car to car

and took whatever they could from the poor passengers. The train was out of controlled and

could crash anytime. Passepartout then tried to stop the train. He used all his acrobatic skills

and with his bravery at last he managed to pull out the brakes and the train stopped in front

of the Fort Kearney Station.

I also noticed that this good attitude is portrayed by Phileas Fogg when he attempted

to save Passepartout alone after knowing that Passepartout was taken away by the outlaws

with other passengers. Phileas Fogg did not even think of himself, what bothering him was

the safety of his butler. Realizing that Phileas Fogg was really determined to savePassepartout, the captain then offered thirty volunteers to help him along the mission. At last

they managed to bring back Passepartout safely. I really amazed with Phileas Foggs

bravery in saving his butler.

The event of fighting the outlaws on the train has captured my interest throughout the

story. That is why I choose this event as the most meaningful event for me.

Note: Try to compare the response in sample answer 1(b) and sample answer 2. It is clearly

seen that the evidence used is taken from the same event that is fight with the outlaws on

the train. What important here is the three items which proves the task is fulfilled should be


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mentioned in the first paragraph.(the novel, the author and respond directly to the question).

Then try to adapt and adopt the evidence where necessary to suit the need of the question.

TASK:

1. From one of the novels, write on a character that you admire the most. Provide

evidence from the text to support your answer.

2. From one of the novels, write about a lesson that you have learnt. Provide evidence

from the text to support your answer.

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SUGGESTED OUTLINE:

1. State the novel, author and respond directly to the question in the first paragraph.

e.g: The novel Around The World In 80 Days written by Jules Verne has portrayedmany characters and the character that I admire the most is the main character,Phileas Fogg.

2. Choose two events as two pieces of evidence which can support your answer:

First event:e.g: I admire his character because of his bravery. For example he is very brave tofight with the outlaws on the train when they are attacked. It started when..............

Second event:e.g: His concern is another reason why I admire him. It can be proven when he iswilling to save Auoda although he does not know her before. The event of savingAuoda began when the railway track was incomplete and they have to find alternativeway.................

3. Restate your opinion or reasons given to sum up or tie up your response.

Note to teachers:

You can choose any event stated above to be elaborated and discussed with your

students. Do the same technique and process for question 2.


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SLOT 2

OH! MY

GRAMMAR


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Adjective Tenses

Preposition

Pronouns

Article

I have some herbs in the house. Well boil them and make her drink the water. Pak

Lebai, I dare not go back 11 ___________ ( alone , lonely , lone , loneliness) . Do you mind

coming to my house to fetch them? My husband 12 _______ (was, were, is, are) at home

with my two daughters. He is sick. Tell him Im staying here tonight, said one of the 13_______ (woman, women, womans, womens). Jeliahs husband stood without taking his

eyes 14 ______ (near, out, off, of) his wife. He knew it was going to happen but he was

helpless.15 _______(It, Its, Its, Its) was their first baby. They had been married for five

years and they were looking forward to 16 _____ (having, have, has, had) the baby. Jeliah

had been sick because she was not eating well. She did not 17 _____ (liking, liked, likes,

like) boiled tapioca or boiled bananas. She wanted to eat good food. That morning on

18______ (they, their, her, his) way to the river to wash clothes, she had 19 ______ (fall, fell,

fallen, falling). Lebai Bakar and Tok Janggut came back with 20 ______ (any, the, an, a) milkand medicine. Quickly, the ladies got to work. They wrapped Jeliah with sack cloth, old

sarongs and a small mattress to keep her warm.

Tenses

Adjective of comparison

Article

determiner

The goldfish 11 ____________(was, were, are, is) a member of the carp family , and

is 12__________(closer, closing, closely, close) related to the crucian carp of eastern

TEST 1

TEST 2


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Europe. Like the crucian carp, the goldfish 13_________ (have, had, having, has) a saw-like

edge to the spine on its dorsal (back) fin, and no barbells (feelers) on its lips but its scales

are 14___________(largerly, largest, larger, larger) than those of the crucian carp and the

dorsal fin is 15___________(a, an, the) different shape.

Southern China was the first home of the goldfish, and wild specimens, brownish

green 16__________(in, with, of, on) colour , are still to be 17 ___________(find, finds,

found, founded) there. As 18___________(early, earlier, earliest, first) as the 4 th century

A.D. the Chinese recorded that were red-scaled fish among the others. The Chinese, and

later the Japanese, 19__________ (breeding, breeds, breed, bred) goldfish so as to produce

20___________(much, any, a little, many) remarkable kinds. In the 18 th century, goldfish

were brought to Europe.

Note: Modal Verbs ~ followed by root words

Modal Verbs + be ~ followed by past participle

Subject-verb-agreement

TEXT 1

Keeping students interested in a lesson is very important. What makes a lesson

interesting? There ___1___ways to improve on ones teaching methods.

Teacher should be innovative and creative. It is good to use varieties of teaching

techniques when the students attention disappears. Other activities could___2___ dramas,

speeches and presentations where students ___3___ and speak out in the classroom.

Another quality is that the teachers must ___4___ a passion for teaching. They are

responsible for inculcating love and patriotism for the country, the king and towards the

elders. The positive values must be ___5___ in their students so that they grow up to be

good citizens. They are like the students parents while at school. They are role models in

every aspect. Students may ___6___ them.

Besides, experience also ___7___ an important role. The new teaching techniques

and methods must be ___8___ by the teacher so that students do not get bored. A singinglesson might ___9___ the students to be active again. Remember, a boring lesson can

___10___students become dull and unresponsive towards teaching. So, be adaptable to

changes!

1 A is 2 A includingB are B includedC was C includesD were D include

3 A interact 4 A hasB interacts B had


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C interacted C haveD interacting D having

5 A instilling 6 A imitateB instilled B imitatesC instils C imitatedD instil D imitating

7 A play 8 A adaptB plays B adaptsC played C adaptedD playing D adapting

9 A encouraging 10 A makeB encouraged B madeC encourages C makesD encourage D making

TEXT 2

The Interact Club of SMK Bukit Kecil recently organized a three-day outing to

Redang Island. Twenty members and three teachers went on the trip. They ___1___ the trip

to be interesting and educational.

On the first day of their arrival, they went scuba diving and snorkeling. The water

___2___ crystal clear and everyone had a wonderful moment ___3___ a rare glimpse of the

superb coral and marine life. The club members could ___4___ a variety of neon coloured

fish and ___5___ some sea urchins lying at the bottom of the sea floor.

On the second day, they went for a boat ride round the island. They managed to see

the whole island and took pictures of the beautiful scenery. They stopped by at a fishing

village to ___6___ about the life style of the local fishermen. They saw the fishermen came

in with their catch and helped them to pull their boat ashore. Some of the students had

___7___ the opportunity to interview the fishermen on how to catch fish. By evening, they

went back to their hotel to ___8___ up.

On the final day of the trip, the participants went swimming. They also played beach

football and made several sandcastles. Some of them managed to ___9___ some seashells

along the shore. Finally, at twelve noon, everyone had a sumptuous lunch before ___10___

their luggage to go home.

1 A find 2 A isB finds B areC found C wasD finding D were

3 A catch 4 A see

B caught B sawC catches C sees


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D catching D seeing

5 A spotting 6 A learnB spotted B learntC spots C learnsD spot D learning

7 A take 8 A washingB took B washedC taken C washesD taking D wash

9 A collecting 10 A packB collected B packsC collects C packedD collect D packing

GRAMMAR EXERCISE BASED ON THE PAST YEAR QUESTIONS (2005-2011)

1. VERBS

A. to-infinitive

1. Parents need to plan where to ________ (take/took/takes/taken) their children for a

break, after months of studies. - PMR 2005

2. Another alternative would be to _______ (enjoying/enjoyed/enjoys/enjoy) anenergetic game of badminton or football. PMR 2007

3. The various races are able to ________ (live/lives/lived/living) in peace and harmony.

- PMR 2008

4. Most importantly, you must not forget to _______(bring/brings/brought/bringing)

enough food and clean water.-PMR 2009

B. SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT

1. School holidays ________(is/are/has/have)perfect for parents to spend quality time

with their children - PMR 2005

2. Not everyone in the family ______(has/had/have/having)the same interests and

needs - PMR 2005

3. There ______ (were/was/are/is) also many interesting ways to exercise. PMR 2007

4. Martial art skills _______(help/helps/helped/helping) you to keep trim while teaching

you the art of self-defence.- PMR 2007


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5. Hence, it is not surprising that Malaysia __________ (is/are/was/were) a paradise for

those who love food. PMR 2008

6. Many people enjoy camping as a recreation. It _________ (is/are/was/were) quite an

experience to spend in a tent with only basic supplies. PMR 2009

7. If the weather ________ (permit/permits/permitted/permitting), you can sleep

outdoors with the sky above as the roof. PMR 2009

8. It is caused by viruses and normally ______ (take/takes/taken/taking) two to five

days to recover. PMR 2010.

9. Viruses causing common colds are very contagious and_______ (is/are/was/were)

spread by sneezes and coughs.PMR 2010

10. Today, I am here to speak on an issue which _______ (is/are/was/were) close to our

hearts- the safety of our children. PMR 2011

11. It is better if there is an adult who ________(accompany/accompanies/accompanied/

accompanying)them or takes them to their destinations, for example to tuition or

religious classes.-PMR 2011

C. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

1. They should however, be careful about how they _______ (deal/dealt/deals/dealing)

with their children.PMR 2006

2. They __________ (celebrating/celebrated/celebrates/celebrate) many religious and

cultural festivals throughout the year. PMR 2008.

D. MODALS

1. One can ________(explore/explores/explored/exploring) tropical rainforests, hill

resorts, beach resorts or historical sites.- PMR 2008

2. If you have never gone camping, you ________(can/may/need/must)want to try it outas a weekend getaway.-PMR 2009

3. In fact, they should __________(avoid/avoids/avoided/avoiding)them.-PMR 2011

E. GERUNDS

1. _______ (Deciding/Releasing/Talking/Giving) positive comments will help build right

attitudes among teenagers. PMR 2006

2. __________ (Spent/Spend/Spends/Spending) time with Mother Nature is a good way

to release stress. PMR 2009


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2. ARTICLES

1. Careful planning may be _______(a/an/the)key to a good holiday- PMR 2005

3. CONJUCTIONS

1. Therefore, planning _______ (so/or/but/and) consulting every member of the family is

vital. -PMR 2005

2. _________ (Meanwhile/However/Although/Hence), self-confidence is a quality that

needs to be developed. PMR 2006

3. You could take up jogging ______ (so /or/ for/but) even brisk walking. PMR 2007

4. PRONOUNS

A. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS

1. This is to prevent any unhappiness and grumbling _______ (this/that/these/those)

could spoil the holiday. -PMR 2005

B. PERSONAL PRONOUNS

1. This is to help______(they/their/them/theirs) develop in a healthy manner.PMR 2006

2. Exercise is important as ________ (itself/its/its/it) is the key to a better life. PMR

2007

C. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

1. Once these teenagers understand_______ (himself/yourself/ourselves/themselves)

better, they will be more responsible.PMR 2006

D. RELATIVE PRONOUNS

1. Those _______ (which/whose/whom/who) like shopping can go to open-air markets

or shopping complexes.PMR 2008

2. Besides the tent, remember to pack a first aid kit and medicine

_________(what/when/which/where) you might need.-PMR 2009


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3. Many incidents have happened recently ________(where/when/which/whose)pose

threat to our children.-PMR 2011

5. LINKERS

1. A good holiday, _______ (however/whatever/whenever/whenever/moreover), need

not be a long distance trip. PMR 2005

2. Here are some suggestions on _______ (how/why/when/what) you could make it a

pleasurable pastime. PMR 2007.

3. Drinking at least eight glasses of water a day helps loosen mucus, enabling you to

cough or blowout _________( easy/easily/easier/easiest)-PMR 2010

4. Please never allow your children to go ________

(everywhere/somewhere/elsewhere/anywhere) unattended.PMR 2011

6. DETERMINERS

1. There are also __________ (more/most/much/many) theme parks and nature parks.

- PMR 2005.

2. Therefore, tourists will be able to visit the_________( some/many/much/few)

interesting places here.-PMR 2008

3. __________(All/Less/Few/Some)people also suffer from sore throat, headache andfever.-PMR 2010

7. PREPOSITIONS.

1. Besides, they would not be discouraged________ (by/on/ to /in) their failures.

PMR 2006

2. Malaysians enjoy a diversity ________ (at/of/along/between) cultures and traditions.

PMR 2008

3. One can get anything _________ (in/with/from/for) traditional food to international

cuisine.PMR 2008

4. So look around ______ (off/for/by/at) firewood. PMR 2009

5. Preventive measures can be taken to avoid being bitten ________(by/from/with/in) a

cold bug.-PMR 2010

6. If you suffer __________( of/for/with/from) a cold, you should rest.-PMR 2010

7. I am Inspector Hasrul Mishak of the Crime Prevention Department

___________(at/of/for/with) The Royal Malaysian Police- PMR 2011


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8. Last ______(or/so/but/and) not least ,make sure that they are under adult

supervision at all times.-PMR 2011

8. ADJECTIVES

1. Parents are the most ________ (common/suitable/famous/normal) people who can

help teenagers become confident. PMR 2006

A. POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

1. For instance, dance ______ (my/our/their/your) way to good health by attending

aerobics classes. PMR 2007

2. Resting helps to build up __________( its/our/your/their) immune system.-PMR 2010

2. This is to ensure ________ (my/our/your/their) safety and well-being.-PMR 2011.

9. CONNECTORS

A. LOGICAL CONNECTORS

1. There are also many interesting ways to exercise. For instance, dance your way to

good health by attending aerobics classes. _________( Moreover/However/Although/

Despite), you could also consider musical stretch-outs and line dancing.

2. Set up your tent when you reach the campsite. ____________, (Meanwhile/However/

Finally/Then), organise the things that you have carried along with you. PMR 2009

B. SEQUENCE CONNECTORS

1. Firstly, avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth with your hands.__________,

(Finally/Later/Next/Soon), always cover your mouth when sneezing.PMR 2010


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Fill the newspaper article below with the suitable prepositions.

KOTA MARUDU: Slowly, but surely, SK Sungai Magandai is churning out educated youths

1(______) remote villages located deep in the forests here.

A total of 151 children from seven villages attend the primary school here. One-third

2(______) them live in a RM 1 million hostel built last year.

A preschool building is also being built in the area, spelling hope 3(______) the

community made up largely 4(______) the Kadazandusun Sonsogon sub-tribe.

Former volunteer tutor Basil Imah said education had come a long way for the people

5(______) the remote area, who are mostly farmers.

Not many of us attended school in the area 6(______) a makeshift school was built

here 7(______)1996, he said, referring to a small wooden building.

The facility, an initiative of the Sabah Journalist Association, today serves as a

resource centre for SK Sungai Magandai.

In 1999, a primary school was built 8(______) the government, which has 9(______)

expanded with 13 teachers and a hostel sponsored by Astro.

I no longer teach but 10(______) the years, I have seen a lot of improvement

11(______) the help from people we dont even know, said the 40-year old farmer.

12(______)the school was built, the nearest school was SK Samparita, which takes

13(______)two days to reach on foot from Sungai Magandai.

Back then, most children would stay 14 (______) homes and help their families. I

was one of the few lucky ones, said Basil, who studied up 15(______) Form Five.


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Transporter Kenny Leong, who uses a four-wheel drive to shuttle people to remote

locations, said it took nearly four hours 16(______)reach the school 17(______)the town.

He recently ferried a group of volunteers and teachers 18 (______) a special

programme organised by Astro for pupils sitting the Ujian Pencapaian Sekolah Rendahexamination. Under the Astro Kasih programme, 21 Year Six pupils here were given

intensive tutoring.

SLOT 3

WORD POWER


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break bring

break down fail to function bring about cause to happen

have a physical or mentalcollapse

bring forth give birth to

break in interrupt a discussion bring forward draw attention to something

burgle bring on cause to happen or appear

soften with use (shoes) bring round persuade

break off discontinue (therapy,relationship)

cause to recover consciousness

break out escape from prison, begin bring up rear, educate a child


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suddenly

break up end a relationship mention

vomit

call carry

call back return a phone call carry away remove

call for require inspire, affect emotionally

call in communicate by phone carry off take away (by force)

consult a specialist win

call off cancel remove, degrade (earth)

call out read names aloud carry on continue

order workers to strike carry out accomplish, make

call on request somebody to dosomething

carry through complete

call up reach by phone bring out of difficulties

summon for military services

come come

come about happen, to be achieved come down to mean, signify

come across find/meet by chance come down with fall sick with

come after follow come in enter, be received

come at attack prove to be

reach, discover come in for receive, be object of (criticism)


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come back return come off become detached

come by pass, go past, visit come out become known, be published

buy, get be removed (stain)

come down fall (price) come over come from a distance

come come

come round visit somebody come up with produce an idea

recover consciousness

come to amount to do

arrive/reach a place do away with abolish

come up be mentioned/discussed kill

(problem) arise do up dress up

come up against be faced with (problems) fasten, secure (clothing)

come upon find/meet by chance do with need

come up to match (a standard) do without not require

fall fall

fall apart fall into pieces fall out with quarrel with

fall behind fail to keep up pace fall through fail, miscarry

fall for be in love with fall to start an activity eagerly


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be deceived by

fall in with meet by chance

coincide with

fall off decrease

drop from

fall out quarrel

get get

get across communicate (an idea) get out disembark (car, taxi)

get along be in good terms withsomebody

get over recover (illness, upset)

get away escape get through pass (an exam)

get away with escape (punishment) be connected on the phone

get by manage, cope get to reach

get down to turn one's attention tosomething

get up rise from bed after sleeping

get in enter (car, taxi)

get off disembark (bus, train etc.)

get on enter (bus, train etc.)

go go


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go against be contrary to (principles,rules)

go off explode

go along with take the same view deteriorate (food)

go away depart begin to sound (alarm)

go down become less go out leave the house

decrease in price strike

sink (ship) go over inspect the details of something

set (sun) go past pass

go for pick up, go and get go round visit informally

go on continue

go keep

go through deal with keep away prevent from / avoid being near

discuss in detail keep back withhold

experience something (usuallybad)

keep down not to increase

go up increase in price keep off avoid (a topic)

explode stay away

go with match keep on not stopping doing something

keep up continue, carry on

keep up with not to fall behind somebody


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look look

look after take care of look through pretend not to see

look down on regard with a feeling ofsuperiority

examine the contents ofsomething

look for seek look up consult a reference book

look forward to anticipate with pleasure look up to respect

look into investigate (a crime)

look on be a spectator

regard

look out be careful

look over inspect hastily

make put

make for have/produce a particulareffect

put across express in an understandableway

make off run away put back put something to its proper place

make out recognise, distinguish lay money aside for the future

make up constitute, form move back the hands of a clock

invent a lie put by save for later use


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put together, prepare put down repress

apply cosmetics write down

make up for compensate store (food)

regain (time) put down to give as a reason, attribute to

put put

put forward move forward the hands of aclock

put up build

suggest, propose raise (hand)

put in for be a candidate for an election provide accommodation for

put on dress oneself with offer for sale

tease put up with tolerate, accept

gain (weight)

put off postpone

put out extinguish (a fire, light)

put through connect somebody by phone

run run

run after chase run out of exhaust one's stock

run away escape, flee run over overflow

run down knock down, collide with study quickly


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feel weak due to overwork pass over, knock down

run in imprison run up against meet with difficulties

run into meet by chance

run off escape, flee

run out run outside

become used up

set take

set aside reserve for later use take after follow somebody as an example

set back hinder, slow down a progress resemble in appearance

set down write down take down write down

set off cause to explode take in understand (meaning)

start a journey deceive

set up start business take off undress

begin flight (plane)

take to develop a habit

take up with begin to associate with


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turn take

turn down diminish the intensity take up continue, proceed

reject become interested in

turn in hand in

turn off switch off

turn on switch on

turn out switch off

turn over bring the reverse side up

turn up increase the intensity

make an appearance

SYNONYMS FOR WORDS COMMONLY USED IN STUDENT'S WRITINGS

1.Amazing- incredible, unbelievable, improbable, fabulous, wonderful, fantastic, astonishing, astounding,extraordinary

2.Anger- enrage, infuriate, arouse, nettle, exasperate, inflame, madden

3.Angry- mad, furious, enraged, excited, wrathful, indignant, exasperated, aroused, inflamed

4.Answer- reply, respond, retort, acknowledge

5.Ask- question, inquire of, seek information from, put a question to, demand, request, expect, inquire,query, interrogate, examine, quiz

6.Awful- dreadful, terrible, abominable, bad, poor, unpleasant

7.Bad- evil, immoral, wicked, corrupt, sinful, depraved, rotten, contaminated, spoiled, tainted, harmful,injurious,unfavorable, defective, inferior, imperfect, substandard, faulty, improper, inappropriate,unsuitable, disagreeable,unpleasant, cross, nasty, unfriendly, irascible, horrible, atrocious,outrageous, scandalous, infamous, wrong, noxious,sinister, putrid, snide, deplorable, dismal, gross,heinous, nefarious, base, obnoxious, detestable, despicable,contemptible, foul, rank, ghastly,execrable


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8.Beautiful

- pretty, lovely, handsome, attractive, gorgeous, dazzling, splendid, magnificent, comely, fair,ravishing, graceful, elegant, fine, exquisite, aesthetic, pleasing, shapely, delicate, stunning, glorious,heavenly, resplendent, radiant, glowing, blooming, sparkling

9.Begin

- start, open, launch, initiate, commence, inaugurate, originate

10.Big

- enormous, huge, immense, gigantic, vast, colossal, gargantuan, large, sizable, grand, great, tall,substantial, mammoth, astronomical, ample, broad, expansive, spacious, stout, tremendous, titanic,mountainous

11.Brave

- courageous, fearless, dauntless, intrepid, plucky, daring, heroic, valorous, audacious, bold,gallant, valiant, doughty, mettlesome

12.Break- fracture, rupture, shatter, smash, wreck, crash, demolish, atomize

13.Bright

- shining, shiny, gleaming, brilliant, sparkling, shimmering, radiant, vivid, colourful, lustrous, luminous,incandescent, intelligent, knowing, quick-witted, smart, intellectual

14.Calm

- quiet, peaceful, still, tranquil, mild, serene, smooth, composed, collected, unruffled, level-headed,unexcited, detached, aloof

15.Come

- approach, advance, near, arrive, reach

16.Cool- chilly, cold, frosty, wintry, icy, frigid

17.Crooked

- bent, twisted, curved, hooked, zigzag

18.Cry

- shout, yell, yowl, scream, roar, bellow, weep, wail, sob, bawl

19.Cut

- gash, slash, prick, nick, sever, slice, carve, cleave, slit, chop, crop, lop, reduce

20.Dangerous- perilous, hazardous, risky, uncertain, unsafe

21.Dark

- shadowy, unlit, murky, gloomy, dim, dusky, shaded, sunless, black, dismal, sad


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TEST YOUR WORD POWER

Exercise 1.

Exercise 2.

The school committee has designed a new uniform for the school. The nice

girl in Form 3 Al Batani who leads the Art Club actually drew it. Her teacher

thought it was nice, so that she passed it on to the committee. They were

not too happy about the collar, which was quite large, and they reduced it.

Now it looks quite nice.

Her parents saw it last night in a fashion parade. Two models, one male and

the other female, walked nicelyin front of the crowd. The students and

parents decided that it was a nice idea to have a new uniform. We shall put a

nice article about it in the next edition of the school newsletter.

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

Fireman Faizal has been awarded the highest medal for bravery. In May last year,the Kerteh fire brigade was called to put out fire in a primary school. By the time

the fire brigade got there, the fire was wellalight. The team of firemen were well

qualified to put out the fires. Their equipment had been improved so that it was

very goodat putting out fires. A teacher came up to the firemen and told them

a.


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b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

g.

h.

i.


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PHRASAL VERBS

A.Complete the sentence with the right word.


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1. We're looking ______O)a new house

2. ______ off your jacket and sit down.

3. I usually get ______ at 7.00.

4. Please ______ that noisy music down.

5. I need to ______ up a word in the dictionary.

6. Turn______your computer and have your lunch.

7. I'm going to throw ______these old papers.

8. Go and try______this lovely jacket.

9. I sometimes look ______ the dog.

10. I'll call Arif ______ tomorrow.

B. Choose the correct particle to complete the sentence.

1. Can you call me BACK/ DOWN when you get this message?

2. Slow BACK/ DOWN ! Now, tell me again what happened.

3. You should cut OUT/ DOWN on the amount of work you do at the weekend and spend more time

with your family.

4. I'll try one more time. If that doesn't work, I give UP/ DOWN.

5. My sister broke UP/ DOWN with her boyfriend last month, but they're back together now.

6. Where's the milk? I must have left one of the bags OUT/ BEHIND in the supermarket.

7. They've knocked OUT/ DOWN five shops to build a huge new cinema complex.

8. Please put the butter BACK/ OUT in the fridge when you've finished with it.

9. We were all sitting quietly when Khalid suddenly burst ALOUD/ OUT laughing.

10. Watch UP/OUT! That bike nearly hit us.

11. I never want to see you in my house again. Get OUT/ OFF !

12. A couple of our local shops have closed UP/DOWN. They weren't making a profit.

13. She carried ON/OUT playing for a year after the injury, but she was never the same player.

14. We'll need to set AWAY/ OFF early if we want to miss the traffic

Synonyms

Synonyms are words that have almost the same meaning.


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Synonyms forbig: large, huge, gigantic

A.Circle the 2 synonyms for each set of words.

1. toasty chilly cool comfortable

2. walk crawl stroll run

3. argue scare confuse frighten

4. bravery honesty courage winner

5. cook drink eat munch

6. record paint draw sketch

B.Write a synonym for each word.

7. thin _____________________ 8. tiny _____________________

9. store _____________________ 10. fall _____________________

11. see _____________________ 12. friendly _____________________

13. tasty _____________________14. silent _____________________

15. smelly _____________________16. smile _____________________

17. think _____________________18. break _____________________

Synonyms

C.Choose the correct synonym for each underline word below.


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1. Bob was looking for the correct answerto this problem.

A. rejoin B. reply C. ask D. borrow

2. I like studying about animals the most.

A. hate B. absent C. enjoy D. difficult

3. I chose to study the differences between alligators and crocodiles for a project at school.

A. decide B. made C. bought D. washed

4. My goal is to become a naturalist.

A. thought B. reward C. study D. desire

5. The best learning comes through observing things in nature.

A. changing B. seeing C. hearing D. touching

6. I like going into the wild to study.

A. lab B. city C. ocean D. outdoors

7.The project worked exactly as planned.

A. found B. arranged C. made D. worked

8. I recorded my findings in a journal.

A. taped B. used C. locked D. wrote

9. Then I compared what I had observed with what books had to say.

A. matched B. questioned C. changed D. mailed

10. If there was any difference, I consulted my teacher.

A. yelled B. directed C. asked D. begged

11. Together we explored possible theories.

A. ideas B. facts C. answers D. questions

SLOT 2 (OH! MY GRAMMAR)

ANSWERS:Pg 15 : Test 1 11. alone 12.is


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13. women

14.of

15.if

16.have

17.like

18.their

19.fallen

20.the

Page 15 : Test 2

11.is

12.closely

13.has

14.larger

15.the16.in

17found

18.early

19.breed

20.many

Pg 16 : Text 1

1.B

2.D

3.A

4.C

5.B

6.A

7.B

8.C

9.D

10.A

Page 17 : Text 2

1.C

2.C

3.D

4.A

5.D

6.A

7.C

8.D

9.D

10.D

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

BASED ON THE PAST YEAR

QUESTIONS ( 200-2011)

1.VERBS

A. to infinitive

1. take

2.enjoy

3. live

4. bring

B. SUBJECT-VERB-

AGREEMENT

1. are

2. has3.are

4.help

5.is

6.is

7.permits

8.it

9.are

10.is

11. accompanies

C. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

1. deal

2.celebrate

D. MODALS

1. explore

2. may

3.avoid

E. GERUNDS

1. giving

2.spending

2.ARTICLES

1. the

3.CONJUCTIONS

1.and

2. hence

3.or

4.PRONOUNS

A.DEMONSTRATIVE

PRONOUNS

1. that

B. PERSONAL PRONOUNS

1. them

2. it

C. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

1. themselves

D.RELATIVE PRONOUNS

1.who2.which

3.which

5.LINKERS

1. however

2. how

3.easily

4. anywhere

6. DETERMINERS

1. many

2.many

3.some

7. PREPOSITIONS

1. by

2.of

3.from

4.for

5.by

6.from

7.Of

8.but

8.ADJECTIVES

1. suitable

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

1.your2.your


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3.your

9.CONNECTORS

A.LOGICAL CONNECTORS

1.morever

2.then

B. SEQUENCE CONNECTORS

1. next

Pg.23 : Prepositions

1.from

2.of

3.for4.of

5.in

6.until

7.in

8.by

9.since

10.over

11.with

12.before

13.about

14.at

15.to

16.to

17.from

18.for

SLOT 3(TEST YOURPOWER)

Exercise 1

a. helpful/artistic

b. attractive

c. smart

d. pleasantly/proudly

e. good

f. respectable

Exercise 2

a. thoroughly/very much

b. fully

c. effective

d. accurate

e. brave/courageous

f. precise/proper

g. loud/appreciate

h. deep

i. hearty

PHRASAL VERB PYRAMID

1.on2. up

3.out

4.off

5.away

6.down

7.aside

8.under

9.across

10.behind

11.forward

12.through

13.together

PHRASAL VERBS FLASH

CARDS

1. drop out

2. eat out

3.figure out

4. find out

5. hand- out

6. iron out

7.leave out

8. pass out

9. put out

10. ask out

11.bear out

12. break out

13.carry out

14. check out

15. count out

16.come out

17.die out18.draw out

EXERCISE (pg.39)

A.1. for

2.take

3.up

4.turn

5.look

6.off

7.away

8.on

9.after

10.back

B.1.back

2.down

3.down

4.up

5.up

6.behind

7.down

8.back

9.out

10.out

11.out

12.down 13.on 14.off

SYNONYMS

A.

1.chilly, cool

2.walk,stroll


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3.scare,frighten

4.bravery,courage

5. eat ,munch

6.draw,sketch

B.

7.slim/lean/slender

8.small/little/petite

9.supply/provide/equip

10.drop/go down/collapse

11.view/look/discover/observe

12.kind/pleasant/amicable

13.savoury/palatable/delicious

14.quiet/mute/still/noiseless

15.fetid/stinking/foetid16.grin

17.consider/imagine/suppose

18.crack/fracture/smash

C.

1.B

2.C

3.A

4.D5.B

6.D

7.B

8.D

9.A

10.C

11.A


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SLOT 4

SENTENCEBUILDER


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Varying Sentence Structure

To make your writing more interesting, you should try to vary your sentences in terms of length and

structure. You can make some of your sentences long and others short.

Read the paragraphs below. Choose theparagraph that is more effective.

1) I love living in the city. I have a wonderful view of the entire city. I have an apartment. I cansee the Golden Gate Bridge. I can see many cargo ships pass under the bridge each day. I

like the restaurants in San Francisco. I can find wonderful food from just about every

country. I dont like the traffic in the city.

2) I love living in the city of San Francisco. I have a wonderful view of the entire city from my

apartment window. In addition, I can see the Golden Gate Bridge under which many cargo

ships pass each day. I also like San Francisco because I can find wonderful restaurants with

food from just about every country; however, I dont like the traffic in the city.

How do you vary sentence structure?

You will want to use a variety of sentence structures in your writing. There are three types of

sentences we will study in this lesson:

- Simple Sentence

- Compound Sentence

- Complex Sentence

1. The Simple Sentence

A simple sentence has one independent clause (one subject and a verb):

I live in San Francisco.

Subject verb

2. Compound Sentence

A compound sentence contains two independent clauses that are joined together.


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She works in the city, but she lives in the suburbs.

Independent Clause Independent Clause

You can make a compound sentence by joining two logically related independent clauses by

using

1) a semicolon - ( Independent Clause ; Independent Clause )

Eg: I love living in the city ; there are so many things to do.

2) a coordinating conjunction

(Independent Clause ,coordinating conjunction Independent Clause)

Eg: He couldnt watch the show , so he decided to record it.

Independent Clause Independent Clause

coordinating conjunction

Coordinating Conjunctions

Logical Relationship Coordinating Conjunction

Addition And

Contrast But, yet

Choice Or, nor

Cause For

Result So

Another way to remember these is

For F And A Nor N But B Or O


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Yet Y So S

### FANBOYS

CAUTION! Do NOT use a comma every time you use the words and, or, but, nor, for, so, yet. Use a

comma only when the coordinating conjunction joins two independent clauses

Eg: The necklace was beautiful but expensive. (Simple Sentence)

Independent Clause No comma- not an independent clause

3) a transition ( Independent Clause ; transition , Independent Clause )

Eg : I love San Francisco ; however, I hate the traffic

Indepen

dent Clause

Indepen

dent Clause

; transition ,

LISTS OF

TRANSITIONS.

Relationship Transition

Addition Moreover

Furthermore

In addition

Besides

Contrast However On the contrary

In contrast On the other hand

Result or Effect Consequently Accordingly

Thus Hence

Therefore As a result


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Complex

Sentences

A complex

sentence

contains at least one independent clause and one dependent clause.

Eg : John cannot set up his typewrter because the wall has no outlet.

Independent Clause Dependent Clause

Subordinating Conjunction

Eg: She will go to school in the city until she finds a job.

Independent Clause Dependent Clause

Subordinating Conjunction

### Use a comma after a dependent clause if it begins the sentence.

Eg : When I first moved to the city , I was afraid to drive the steep and narrow streets.

Subordinating Conjunction Use a comma if the dependent clause Independent Clause

is the first part of the sentence.

Reinforcement/Emphasis Indeed

In fact

Exemplification For example

For instanceIn particular

Time Meanwhile (at the same time)

Subsequently (after)

Thereafter (after)

Reinforcement/Emphasis Indeed

In fact


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Exercises

A. Underline the two independent clauses in each of these compound sentences. Circle or box the

coordinating conjunction that joins them.

1. The dangers of smoking are well known, yet many people continue to smoke anyway.

______________________________________________________________________________

2. It's important to put your goals in writing, but you must also be committed to achieving them.

______________________________________________________________________________

3. An assignment notebook helps you stay organized, so you should consider using one.

______________________________________________________________________________

4. You will be able to see better if you sit at the front of the classroom, and you will also be able tohear better.

______________________________________________________________________________

5. He must have lost his key, for he knocked on the door for us to let him in.

______________________________________________________________________________

B. Directions: Use a coordinating conjunction to join each pair of the independent clauses into acompound sentence.

Example:

The dictionary contains definitions of words.It also contains a great deal of other information.

-The dictionary contains definitions of words, and it also contains a great deal of other information.

-The dictionary contains definitions of words, but it also contains a great deal of other information

1. Spelling is hard for many people. There are techniques for improving spelling._____________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

2. Tony is an excellent student. He received a scholarship.


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__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

C : Combine these ideas to make create a single sentence from each set. You will need to use

conjunctions, along with commas and semicolons. Some sets of sentences can be combined more

than one way.

Examples ; Mega loves ballets , tap and jazz. She majored in accounting raher than dance.

- Although Mega loves ballets , tap and jazz , she majored in accounting raher than dance.

OR

- Mega loves ballets , tap and jazz , but she majored in accounting raher than dance.

1. There are many theories about why dinosaurs disappeared. One theory is that the climatebecame too cold.

______________________________________________________________________________

2. It's important to check the repair record of a new car you are considering buying. It cansave you from buying a lemon.

______________________________________________________________________________

3. Independence Day is celebrated July 4. Many people call the holiday the Fourth of July.

______________________________________________________________________________

4. A word's etymology is its origin and history. It can be found at the end of the dictionaryentry for a word.

______________________________________________________________________________

5. Leopards eat birds, monkeys, and reptiles. This means they have to be able to hunt intrees as well as on the ground.

______________________________________________________________________________

6. The life a person leads leaves clues in the body. Researchers are often able to figure outhow ancient people lived, what they ate, their occupation, and perhaps the cause of death.

______________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

3. The library is a quiet place to study. Many students prefer to study at home.______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

4. Some rivers are endangered. Many people are working to protect them.______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5. Wear your seatbelt. You might be injured.


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______________________________________________________________________________

7. Workers used to retire at age 65. Many of them now find that they cannot afford to stopworking.

______________________________________________________________________________

8. Aesop is known for the fables. Fables are stories designed to teach a lesson or moral.

______________________________________________________________________________

9. Writing takes time. No one produces a perfect, finished copy on the first try.

______________________________________________________________________________

10.Noise is an external stress. Worry is an internal one.

______________________________________________________________________________

Construction of the Passive Voice

The structure of the passive voice is very simple:subject + auxiliary verb (be) + main verb (past participle)

The main verb is always in its past participle form. Look at these examples:

Subject auxiliary verb (to be) main verb (past participle)

Water is Drunk by everyone.

100 people are Employed by this company.

I am Paid in euro.

We are not Paid in dollars.

Are they Paid in yen?

Use of the Passive Voice

We use the passive when:

we want to make the active object more important

we do not know the active subject

subject Verb object

give importance to active object President was killed by Lee Harvey


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(President Kennedy) Kennedy Oswald.

active subject unknown My wallethas been

stolen.?

Conjugation for the Passive Voice

We can form the passive in any tense. In fact, conjugation of verbs in the

passive tense is rather easy, as the main verb is always in past participle form

and the auxiliary verb is always be. To form the required tense, we conjugatethe auxiliary verb. So, for example:

present simple: It is made

present continuous: It is being made present perfect: It has been made

Here are some examples with most of the possible tenses:

Infinitive to be washed

Simple

present It is washed.

past It was washed.

future It will be washed.

conditional It would be washed.

Continuous

present It is being washed.

Past It was being washed.

Future It will be being washed.

conditional It would be being washed.

perfect simple

Present It has been washed.

Past It had been washed.

Future It will have been washed.


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conditional It would have been washed.

perfectcontinuous

Present It has been being washed.

Past It had been being washed.

FutureIt will have been being

washed.

conditionalIt would have been beingwashed.

Hadrian's Wall

Fill the gaps with the correct tenses (active or passive voice).

1. In the year 122 AD, the Roman Emperor Hadrian (visit) his provinces inBritain.

2. On his visit, the Roman soldiers (tell) him that Pictish tribes from

Britain's north (attack) them.

3. So Hadrian (give) the order to build a protective wall across one of thenarrowest parts of the country.

4. After 6 years of hard work, the Wall (finish) in 128.

5. It (be) 117 kilometres long and about 4 metres high.

6. The Wall (guard) by 15,000 Roman soldiers.

7. Every 8 kilometres there (be) a large fort in which up to 1,000 soldiers

(find) shelter.

8. The soldiers (watch) over the frontier to the north and (check)

the people who (want) to enter or leave Roman Britain.

9. In order to pass through the Wall, people (must go) to one of the small

forts that (serve) as gateways.

10.Those forts (call) milecastles because the distance from one fort to

another (be) one Roman mile (about 1,500 metres).


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11.Between the milecastles there (be) two turrets from which the soldiers

(guard) the Wall.

12.If the Wall (attack) by enemies, the soldiers at the turrets (run)

to the nearest milecastle for help or (light) a fire that (can /

see) by the soldiers in the milecastle.

13.In 383 Hadrian's Wall (abandon) .

14.Today Hadrian's Wall (be) the most popular tourist attraction in northernEngland.

15.In 1987, it (become) a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

RALAT SLOT 4 SENTENCE BUILDER

Use of Passive

Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not

known; however, who or what is performing the action.

Example: My bike was stolen.

Form of Passive

Subject + finite form ofto be + Past Participle (3rd column ofirregular verbs)

Example: A mistake was made.

Irregular Verbs List

This is a list of some irregular verbs in English. Of course, there are many others, butthese are the more common irregular verbs.

V1Base Form

V2Past Simple

V3Past Participle

awake Awoke Awoken

be was, were Been

beat Beat Beaten
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/irregular-verbshttp://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/irregular-verbs


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become Became Become

begin Began Begun

bend Bent Bent

bet Bet Bet

bid Bid Bid

bite Bit Bitten

blow Blew Blown

break Broke Broken

bring Brought Brought

broadcast Broadcast Broadcast

build Built Built

burn burned/burnt burned/burnt

buy Bought Bought

catch Caught Caught

choose Chose Chosen

come Came Come

cost Cost Cost

cut Cut Cut

dig Dug Dug

do Did Done

draw Drew Drawn

dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt

drive Drove Driven

drink Drank Drunk

eat Ate Eaten

fall Fell Fallen


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feel Felt Felt

fight Fought Fought

find Found Found

fly Flew Flown

forget Forgot Forgotten

forgive Forgave Forgiven

freeze Froze Frozen

get Got got (sometimes gotten)

give Gave Given

go Went Gone

grow Grew Grown

hang Hung Hung

have Had Had

hear Heard Heard

hide Hid Hidden

hit Hit Hit

hold Held Held

hurt Hurt Hurt

keep Kept Kept

know Knew Known

modul kem201052 english pmr[1]

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