mis-pres-1 report
TRANSCRIPT
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Management Information Systems
-Meaning & Role of Information- System, Types of IS
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The Purpose of Information Systems
Businesses use information systems
To make sound decisions
To solve problems
Problem is any undesirable situation
Decision arises when more than one solution to
problem exists
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The Purpose of Information Systems
(continued)
Problem solving and decision making require
information
Keys to success in business are:
Gathering correct information
Storing information
Using information
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Data, Information, and Information
Systems
Data & information are commonly used terms
Important to understand their similarities and
differences.
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Data vs. Information
Data: a given or fact
Can be number, statement, or picture
Information: facts or conclusions that have
meaning within context
Composed of data that is manipulated
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Data Manipulation
Data is manipulated to make useful information
Survey is common method of collecting data
Raw data is hard to read
Information is more useful to business than data
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Generating Information
Figure 1.1: Input-process-output
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Information in Context
Not all information is useful
Useful inform at ion is
Relevant
Complete
Accurate
Current
Obtained economically (in business)
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Information in Context (continued)
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What Is a System?
System: array of components that work
together to achieve goal or goals
System
Accepts input
Processes input
Produces output
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What is a system? (continued)
System may have multiple goals
System may contain subsystems
Subsystems have sub-goals that meet main goal
Subsystems transfer output to other subsystems
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What is a system? (continued)
Closed system: has no connections with other
systems
Open system: interfaces and interacts with
other systems
Often a subsystem of a bigger system
Information System: processes data and
produces information
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Information and Managers
Systems thinking: thinking of an organization interms of subsystems
Database: collection of electronic records.
Information systems automate exchange amongsubsystems.
Information map: network of information
systems.
Information technology: technologies thatfacilitate construction and maintenance of
information systems.
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The Benefits of Human-Computer
Synergy
Humans are relatively slow and make mistakes
Computers cannot make decisions
Synergy: combining resources to produce
greater output
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The Benefits of Human-Computer
Synergy (Continued)Figure :Qualities of
humans
and
computers
that
contributeto synergy
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Information Systems in Organizations
Computer-based Information system: system
with computer at center
Certain trends have made information systems
important in business
Organizations lag behind if they do not useinformation systems
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Components of information systems
Figure : Components of an information system
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The Four Stages of Processing
Input: collect and introduce data to system
Transaction: a business event, usually entered
as input
Data processing: perform calculations on input
Output: what is produced by the information
system
Storage: vast amounts of data stored on opticaldiscs, magnetic tapes, magnetic hard disks etc.
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Computer Equipment for Information
Systems
Input devices: receive inpu t
Computer: process data
Output: disp lays informat ion
Storage devices: sto re data
Network devices:t rans fer data
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Computer Equipment for Information
Systems (continued)
Figure: Input, process, output, storage, and networking devices
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From Recording Transactions to Providing
Expertise:
Types of Information Systems
Many types of information systems
Capabilities of applications have been combined
and merged
Management Information System: supports
planning, control, and making decisions
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Transaction Processing Systems
Most widely used type of system
Records data collected at point where
organization interacts with other parties
Encompasses cash registers, ATMs and
purchase order systems
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Supply Chain Management Systems
Supply chain: sequence of activities involved in
producing products
Activities include marketing, purchasing raw
materials, manufacturing, shipping, billing,
collection, and after-sale services
Also known as enterprise resource planning
systems
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Customer Relationship Management
Systems
Customer relationship management:
managing relations with customers
Used in combination with telephones to providecustomer service
Often linked to Web applications that track onlinetransactions
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Business Intelligence Systems
Business Intelligence: gather data to help
organization compete.
Often contains statistical models
Access large pools of data
Data warehouse: large database that usuallystore transactional records
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Decision Support and Expert Systems
Decision support system: supports decision-
making
Relies on models to produce tables
Extrapolates data to predict outcomes
Expert system: supports knowledge-intensivedecision-making
Uses artificial intelligence
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Geographic Information Systems
Geographic information system: ties data tophysical locations
Represents data on a map in different formats
May reflect demographic information in addition
to geographic
May use information from GPS satellites
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Geographic Information Systems
(continued)
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Information Systems in Business
Functions
Functional business area: services within a
company that support main business
Includes accounting, finance, marketing, andhuman resources
Part of a larger enterprise system
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Accounting
Information systems help record transactions
Produce periodic statements
Create required reports for law
Create supplemental reports for managers
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Finance
Finance systems facilitate financial planning and
business transactions
Tasks include organizing budgets, managingcash flow, analyzing investments, and making
decisions
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Marketing
Pinpoint likely customers and promote products
Marketing information systems analyze demand
for products inregions and demographicgroups
Identify trends in demand for products/services(It helps in marketing the right product to right customers)
Web provides opportunity to collect marketingdata
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Human Resource
Human resource management systems aid
record-keeping
Must keep accurate records
Aids recruiting, selection, placement, and reward
analysis
Performance evaluation systems providegrading utilities
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Web Empowered Enterprises
E-commerce: Buying and selling goods and
services through Internet
Internet is a vast network of computersconnected globally
Web has a profound impact on informationsystems
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Information system
Operations
Support system
Management
Support Systems
Transaction
Processing
Systems
Enterprise
Collaboration
Systems
Process
Control
Systems
Management
Information
Systems
Executive
Information
Systems
Decision
Support
Systems
Support of
Business
Operations
Support ofManagerial
Decision
Making
Processing
BusinessTransactions
eg. Sales &
Inventory
Processing
Control of
IndustrialProcesses eg.
Power
generation
Team and
WorkgroupCollaboration
eg. email.,
chat, video
conferencing
Pre specified
Reporting forManagers eg.
Sales
Analysis,
Production
Performance
Interactive
DecisionSupport
eg.
Product
Pricing,
Risk
Analysis
Information
Tailored forExecutives eg.
Analysis of
Business
Performance,
actions of
Competitors
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Summary
Computer-based information systems pervade
almost every aspect of our lives
A system is a set of components that work
together to achieve a common goal Subsystem: a system performs a limited task
that produces an end result, which must be
combined with other products from other
systems to reach an ultimate goal
Data processing has four stages
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Summary (continued)
Any IS that helps in management is a
management information system (MIS)
Many different types of MIS
Enterprise application systems (SCM or ERP) tietogether different functional areas of a business
ISs are used in accounting, finance, marketing,
and human resources