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MINNEAPOLIS — Minnesota’sgovernor activated the NationalGuard on Thursday as angry dem-onstrators took to the streets for athird straight night to protest thedeath of George Floyd, a blackman who was pleading that hecould not breathe as a white policeofficer pressed his knee into Mr.Floyd’s neck.

The order by Gov. Tim Walzcame as the city asked for help af-ter vandalism and fires eruptedduring demonstrations and as theJustice Department announced

that a federal investigation intoMr. Floyd’s death was a top pri-ority.

At a news conference on Thurs-day evening, U.S. Attorney EricaMacDonald pledged a “robust andmeticulous investigation” into thedeath but stopped short of an-nouncing criminal chargesagainst the four officers who wereat the scene, all of whom werefired after Mr. Floyd’s death was

captured in a haunting videotape.“My heart goes out to George

Floyd,” said Ms. MacDonald, a for-mer judge. “My heart goes out tohis family. My heart goes out to hisfriends. My heart goes out to thecommunity.”

South Minneapolis continued toseethe at the treatment of Mr.Floyd — and demonstrators railedagainst what they described as acity in which black lives are val-ued less than those of white resi-dents.

“I want justice. I hope the con-tinued pressure will get uscharges, but we have to havesome patience,” said Jamar Nel-

National Guard Deployed as Minneapolis EruptsThis article is by Matt Furber,

John Eligon and Audra D. S. Burch.

Continued on Page A25

The parking lot of a Target store in Minneapolis on Thursday as protests spread around the area.CARLOS BARRIA/REUTERS

Outrage Over Death of Black Man in Custody

The coronavirus still has along way to go. That’s the mes-sage from a crop of new studiesacross the world that are tryingto quantify how many peoplehave been infected.

Official case counts often sub-stantially underestimate thenumber of coronavirus infec-tions. But in new studies that testthe population more broadly, thepercentage of people who havebeen infected so far is still in thesingle digits. The numbers are a

fraction of the threshold knownas herd immunity, at which thevirus can no longer spreadwidely. The precise herd immuni-ty threshold for the novel coro-navirus is not yet clear; butseveral experts said they be-lieved it would be higher than 60percent.

Even in some of the hardest-hit cities in the world, the studiessuggest, a vast majority of peo-ple still remain vulnerable to thevirus.

Some countries — notablySweden, and briefly Britain —have experimented with limitedlockdowns in an effort to build up

immunity in their populations.But even in these places, recentstudies indicate that no morethan 7 to 17 percent of peoplehave been infected so far. In NewYork City, which has had thelargest coronavirus outbreak inthe United States, around 20percent of the city’s residents

have been infected by the virusas of early May, according to asurvey of people in grocerystores and community centersreleased by the governor’s office.

Similar surveys are underwayin China, where the coronavirusfirst emerged, but results havenot yet been reported. A studyfrom a single hospital in the cityof Wuhan found that about 10percent of people seeking to goback to work had been infectedwith the virus.

Viewed together, the studiesshow herd immunity protectionis unlikely to be reached “any

In Battling Outbreak, Herd Immunity Remains Distant Objective

By NADJA POPOVICHand MARGOT SANGER-KATZ

Even Infection Rate ofRavaged New York Is

Far Below Mark

Herd immunity estimateAt least 60% of population needed

New York City19.9% have antibodies

London17.5% have antibodies

Madrid11.3% have antibodiesMay 2 May 21

Wuhan (returning workers)10% have antibodies

Stockholm region7.3% have antibodies

Barcelona7.1% have antibodies

Boston9.9% have antibodies May 15 May 20April 20

May 13

May 13

Still Not Safe From the SpreadEven in cities hardest hit by the coronavirus, a vast majority of people remain vulnerable to it. New studies that look for antibodies in people’s blood suggest that most places fall far short of

the threshold known as herd immunity, the point at which the virus can no longer spread widely.

Note: Studies represent best current estimates, but are inexact and may overestimate immunity where coronavirus infections are low. Reported dates reflect when study results were publicly released. The study from Wuhan, China, evaluated immunity only among people returning to work, not in the general population.

NADJA POPOVICH /THE NEW YORK TIMESSources: New York State; Public Health England; Carlos III Health Institute; Wu et al., Journal of Medical Virology; City of Boston; Public Health Agency of Sweden

Continued on Page A7

BEIJING — Ignoring threatsfrom Washington, China strippedanother layer of autonomy fromHong Kong on Thursday, plowingahead with a plan that would ban

any form of dissentdeemed subversivein the territoryreclaimed from

Britain more than two decadesago.

But even as the plan was ap-proved by China’s top legislativebody, and Chinese officialstaunted the United States as animperious meddler, Premier LiKeqiang struck a conciliatorytone. While offering no conces-sions to American demands, hecalled for close trade relationsbetween the two countries.

The clash over Hong Kong andother issues points to the quan-dary facing China as it grows inpower and contends with anincreasingly aggressive Trumpadministration. The Chineseleadership does not want toincinerate the relationship withthe United States, given theenormous economic benefits.Nor is it willing to back down,reflecting divisions in Beijingbetween hawks and more moder-ating forces.

“Anything the U.S. says ordoes or will do, China willrefuse,” Shi Yinhong, a professor

China ScornsU.S. Threats(Trade Aside)

By KEITH BRADSHERand STEVEN LEE MYERS

Continued on Page A17

NEWSANALYSIS

For millions of Americans leftout of work by the coronaviruspandemic, government assist-ance has been a lifeline prevent-ing a plunge into poverty, hungerand financial ruin.

This summer, that lifeline couldsnap.

The $1,200 checks sent to mosthouseholds are long gone, at leastfor those who needed them most,with little imminent prospect for asecond round. The lending pro-gram that helped millions of smallbusinesses keep workers on thepayroll will wind down if Congressdoes not extend it. Eviction mora-toriums that are keeping people intheir homes are expiring in manycities.

And the $600 per week in extraunemployment benefits that haveallowed tens of millions of laid-offworkers to pay rent and buy gro-ceries will expire at the end ofJuly.

The latest sign of the economicstrain and the government’s rolein easing it came Thursday whenthe Labor Department reportedthat millions more Americans ap-plied for unemployment benefitslast week. More than 40 millionhave filed for benefits since thecrisis began, and some 30 millionare receiving them.

The multitrillion-dollar patch-work of federal and state pro-grams hasn’t kept bills from pilingup or prevented long lines at foodbanks. But it has mitigated thedamage. Now the expiration ofthose programs represents a cliffthey are hurtling toward, for indi-viduals and for the economy.

“The CARES Act was massive,but it was a very short-term offsetto what is likely to be a long-termproblem,” said Aneta Markowska,chief financial economist for the

investment bank Jefferies, refer-ring to the legislative centerpieceof the federal rescue. “This econ-omy is clearly going to need moresupport.”

Even the possibility that theprograms will be allowed to expirecould have economic conse-quences, Ms. Markowska said, asconsumers and businesses girdfor the loss of federal assistance.

President Trump and other Re-publicans have played down theneed for more spending, sayingthe solution is for states to reopenbusinesses and allow companiesto bring people back to work. Sodespite pleas from economistsacross the political spectrum — in-cluding Jerome H. Powell, the

As Virus Aid Nears Cutoff,Millions Fear What’s Next

New Federal Action May Be Limited DespiteEconomists’ Pleas — Clashes Loom

By BEN CASSELMAN

1

2

3

4

5

6 million

40.8 millionClaims filed in

the last 10 weeks

RECESSION

’12 ’16 ’20’08’06 ’09

Source: Labor Dept.

Initial jobless claims, per week

Seasonally adjusted

THE NEW YORK TIMES

Continued on Page A11

THE JOBLESS Another 2.1 millionfiled claims last week, but manymay be going uncounted. PAGE B1

WASHINGTON — Joseph R.Biden Jr. has proposed harnessingthe broad powers of the federalgovernment to step up coro-navirus testing, with a public-pri-vate board overseeing test manu-facturing and distribution, federalsafety regulators enforcing test-ing at work and at least 100,000contact tracers tracking downpeople exposed to the virus.

The presumptive Democraticnominee’s plan, laid out in a little-noticed Medium post, stands instark contrast to PresidentTrump’s leave-it-to-the-statesstrategy, detailed in an 81-pagedocument released last weekend.And it presents voters in Novem-ber with a classic philosophicalchoice over the role they wantWashington to play during theworst public health crisis in a cen-tury.

With more than 100,000 Ameri-cans already dead from the coro-navirus and at least 1.7 million in-fected, testing has emerged as amajor campaign issue. Polls showthat most people want better ac-cess to testing and believe that it isthe job of the federal government.Like Mr. Biden, Democrats run-ning for Congress have seized ontesting as a prime example ofwhat they view as Mr. Trump’s in-competent response to the crisis.

In Michigan, Senator Gary Pe-ters, an incumbent Democrat,

Biden Test PlanRejects StrategyOf the President

By SHERYL GAY STOLBERG

Continued on Page A6

WASHINGTON — PresidentTrump, who built his politicalcareer on the power of a flame-throwing Twitter account, hasnow gone to war with Twitter,

angered that it wouldpresume to fact-check his messages.But the punishment

he is threatening could forcesocial media companies to crackdown even more on customersjust like Mr. Trump.

The executive order that Mr.Trump signed on Thursday seeksto strip liability protection incertain cases for companies likeTwitter, Google and Facebook forthe content on their sites, mean-ing they could face legal jeop-ardy if they allowed false anddefamatory posts. Without aliability shield, they presumablywould have to be more ag-gressive about policing messagesthat press the boundaries — likethe president’s.

That, of course, is not theoutcome Mr. Trump wants. Whathe wants is to have the freedomto post anything he likes withoutthe companies applying anyjudgment to his messages, asTwitter did this week when itbegan appending “get the facts”warnings to some of his falseposts on voter fraud. Furious atwhat he called “censorship” —

Trump’s OrderCould MuzzleHis Own Posts

By PETER BAKERand DAISUKE WAKABAYASHI

NEWSANALYSIS

Continued on Page A21

The most-watched league in the worldplans to return June 17, pending a sign-off from health authorities. PAGE B10

SPORTSFRIDAY B8-10

Premier League’s New KickoffElizabeth Diller and her colleagues arestriving to adjust to a world withoutbrainstorming in person. PAGE C1

WEEKEND ARTS C1-16

Architecture in Trying Times

Years of neglect had already hobbledMexico’s health care system, leaving itdangerously short of the doctors,nurses and equipment it needs. PAGE A8

TRACKING AN OUTBREAK A4-13

Mexico Is Ill Prepared for VirusNearly three decades later, a scholarsees a generational realignment hap-pening in American politics that doesnot bode well for Republicans. PAGE A18

NATIONAL A18-25

2020, Viewed From 1991Twitter fact-checked more posts evenas President Trump escalated his battlewith social media companies. PAGE B1

BUSINESS B1-7

Defiance on Tweet Labels

The race, which had been postponed toSept. 14 from April 20, was canceled forthe first time in its history. PAGE B8

Boston Marathon Called Off

A reporter and photographer witnessthe reopening of Europe while on a roadtrip across the Continent. PAGE A10

3,700 Miles of the Surreal

Some feel that Kent Monkman, a Cana-dian Cree artist, goes too far with a newwork targeting Justin Trudeau. PAGE A14

INTERNATIONAL A14-17

Art or ‘Revenge Porn’?

A bipartisan compromise to reinstateexpired F.B.I. powers to investigateterrorism and espionage collapsed inCongress. PAGE A23

House Pulls Bill on Spy Tools

Insults, accusations and shaming char-acterize the political environment evenas leaders on Capitol Hill must unite atsome point, Carl Hulse writes. PAGE A19

Unity in a Crisis? Not Now

“Central Park,” from the creator of“Bob’s Burgers,” is the joyful show weneed right now, our critic says. PAGE C1

Urban Life, Animated

Joseph Otting rewrote the rules for theCommunity Reinvestment Act. Noteveryone is on board. PAGE B1

A Bank Regulator’s Battle

David Brooks PAGE A27

EDITORIAL, OP-ED A26-27

Late Edition

VOL. CLXIX . . . . No. 58,708 © 2020 The New York Times Company NEW YORK, FRIDAY, MAY 29, 2020

Today, clouds and sunshine, show-ers, storms, high 79. Tonight, cloudy,thunderstorms, low 66. Tomorrow,morning showers, partly sunny,high 82. Weather map, Page A22.

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