GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,CHANDRAPUR

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

SEMINAR ON TOPIC :

MICROWAVE WIRELESS POWER

TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

OVERVIEW

WHAT IS WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION (WPT) ?

HISTORY OF WPT

WHY NOT WIRES ?

TYPES OF WPT

TECHNIQUES TO TRANSFER ENERGY WIRELESSLY

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTGES

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

WHAT IS WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION ?

•THE TRANSMISSION OF ENERGY FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER

WITHOUT USING WIRES

•CONVENTIONAL ENERGY TRANSFER IS USING WIRES

•BUT THE WIRELESS TRANSMISSION IS POSSIBLE BY USING VARIOUS

TECHNOLOGIES.

•WITH HELP OF WPT PROPER UTILISATION OF ENERGY IS POSSIBLE

HISTORY

1. NIKOLA TESLA IN LATE 1890S

2. HIS VISION FOR “WORLD WIRELESS SYSTEM”

3. THE 187 FEET TALL TOWER TO BROADCAST

ENERGY

4. ALL PEOPLE CAN HAVE TO FREE ENERGY

5. SHORTAGE OF FUND LEAD TO NONOPERATION.

6. HE USED TO LAMP 200 LIGHTS FROM 40 KM

DISTANCE.

WHY NOT WIRES ?

•AS PER STUDIES, MOST ELECTRICAL ENERGY TRANSFER THROUGH

WIRES.

•MOST OF THE ENERGY LOSS IS DURING TRANSMISSION

1. ON AN AVERAGE, MORE THAN 30 %

2. IN INDIA IT EXCEEDS 40 %

• IN ORDER TO REDUCE SUCH CONSIDERABLE AMOUNT OF LOSSES, VARIOUS TECHNOLOGIES ARE BEING DEVELOPED BY SCIENTISTS.

TECHNIQUES TO TRANSFER ENERGY

WIRELESSLY

NEAR FIELD TECHNIQUES

1. INDUCTIVE COUPLING2. RESONANT INDUCTIVE COUPLING3. AIR IONISATION

FAR FIELD TECHNIQUES

1. MICROWAVE POWER TRANSMISSION2. LASER POWER TRANSMISSION

NEAR FIELD TECHNIQUES

1. INDUCTIVE COUPLING

•PRIMARY AND SECONDARY COILS ARE NOT CONNECTED

WITH SERIES

•ENERGY TRANSFER IS DUE TO MUTUAL INDUCTION

•ENERGY TRANSFER DEVICES ARE USUALLY AIR CORED

•TRANSFORMER IS AN EXAMPLE

•WIRELESS CHARGING PAD (WCP), ELECTRIC BRUSHES ARE SOME

EXAMPLES

•NOKIA LUMIA 720

•THE CHARGING PAD(PRIMARY COIL) AND THE DEVICES (SECONDARY COIL) HAVE TO BE KEPT VERY NEAR TO EACH OTHER.

2. RESONANT INDUCTIVE COUPLING

•THE CAPACITOR AND INDUCTOR FORMS THE RESONATOR.

CHARGE OSCILLATES BETWEEN INDUCTOR (AS MAGNETIC

FIELD) AND CAPACITOR ( AS ELECTRIC FIELD)

•THIS TYPE OF OSCILLATION IS CALLED RESONANCE IF THE REACTANCES OF THE INDUCTOR AND CAPACITOR ARE EQUAL.

RESONANT TRANSFER WORKS BY MAKING A COIL RING WITH AN

OSCILLATING CURRENT.

THIS GENERATES AN OSCILLATING MAGNETIC FIELD.

BECAUSE THE COIL IS HIGHLY RESONANT ANY ENERGY PLACED IN THE

COIL DIES AWAY RELATIVELY SLOWLY OVER MANY COILS.

BUT IF A SECOND COIL IS BROUGHT NEAR IT, THE COIL CAN PICK UP

MOST OF THE ENERGY BEFORE IT IS LOST, EVEN IF IT IS SOME DISTANCE

AWAY.

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RESONANT INDUCTIVE COUPLING

•OSCILLATOR USED IS AN ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR USING 555 TIMER

WHICH SWITCHES IRFP 250 TO PRODUCE OSCILLATIONS IN THE PRIMARY

COIL.

•SECONDARY COIL KEPT AT A DISTANCE RESONATES AT THE SAME

FREQUENCY AND POWER TRANSFER TAKES PLACE.

•SIGNAL RECEIVED IN THE SECONDARY IS RECTIFIED AND REGULATED.

3. AIR IONISATION

•TOUGHEST TECHNIQUE UNDER NEAR FEILD ENERGY TRANSFER

TECHNIQUES.

•AIR IONISES ONLY WHEN THERE IS A HIGH FIELD

•NEEDED FIELD IS 2.11 MV/M

•NATURAL EXAMPLE : LIGHTENING

•NOT FEASIBLE FOR PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION.

ADVANTAGES :-

WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM WOULD COMPLETELY

ELIMINATES THE EXSISTING HIGH TENSION POWER TRANSMISSION

LINE CABLES, TOWER AND SUBSTATION S BETWEEN GENERATING

STATTION AND CONSUMRES.

IT FACILITATE THE INTERCONNECTION OF ELECTRICAL

GENERATIONS PLANTS ON A GLOBAL SCALE.

DISADVANTAGES :-

THE CAPITAL COST IS MORE FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF WPT

HEALTHY HAZARDS MAY OCCUR

CONCLUSION

THUS, IT IS CONCLUDED THAT,YOU DON’T NEED CABLES,PIPES,OR COPPER WIRES TO

RECEIVE POWER. POWER CAN BE SENT LIKE A CELL PHONE CALL- WHERE YOU WANT IT, WHEN YOU WANT IT, IN REAL TIME.

REFERENCES:

1. NIKOLA TESLA, MY INVETIONS,BEN JOHNSTON, ED. AUSTIN, HART

BROTHERS, P.91,1982

2. POINT TO POINT WIRELESS POWER TRANSPORATION IN REUNION

ISLAND 48TH INTERNATIONAL ASTRONAUTICAL.

3. WWW.HOWSTUFFWORKS.COM