microsoft office 2000€¦  · web viewobjective: open ms. word 2007, saving a file, opening the...

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Exercise 1 Objective: Open Ms. Word 2007, saving a file, opening the file, typing… Abstract Many households have spanning livelihoods that draw on rural and urban resource opportunities. Urban and rural areas are closely linked, each contributing to the other, they therefore need to be considered jointly in development planning. The absence of rural development policies that recognise and seek to take advantage of positive aspects of rural-urban linkages in the impact regions of many cities in Developing Countries is a constraint to both rural and urban development. This policy vacuum requires a study to unveil how such deficiencies have affected rural-urban linkages and in turn livelihoods in both rural and urban areas. The impact region of Dar es Salaam is very conspicuous. The impact region surrounds Dar es Salaam city, which is the country’s main point of entry and exit for goods and people and has always had an important role to play in the national development. Poor provision of socio-economic and physical infrastructure is evident in the impact region of Dar es Salaam. The poor development of infrastructure in the impact region dates back to the purpose of establishing Dar es Salaam city. There is a common agreement that the city was established as a port to receive agricultural produce and minerals from the hinterland to be exported to Europe. Consequently, the first objective of this research was to identify the types of rural-urban linkages in the impact region, describe the level of development of the impact region and the extent of rural-urban linkages. The second objective of the research was to evaluate the strength and weaknesses of rural- urban linkages in the impact region, analyse rural-urban linkages with specific focus to the city and the settlements in the impact region, and appraise its role in enhancing livelihoods in urban and rural areas as well. The third objective was to formulate a policy framework for effective rural-urban linkages and enhanced livelihoods. These issues have been investigated empirically. The research addresses the question of urban-rural linkages first from a theoretical standpoint, and thereafter illustrates it with some concrete cases at two different geographical

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Page 1: Microsoft Office 2000€¦  · Web viewObjective: Open Ms. Word 2007, saving a file, opening the file, typing… Abstract. Many households have spanning livelihoods that draw on

Exercise 1Objective: Open Ms. Word 2007, saving a file, opening the file, typing…

AbstractMany households have spanning livelihoods that draw on rural and urban resource opportunities. Urban and rural areas are closely linked, each contributing to the other, they therefore need to be considered jointly in development planning. The absence of rural development policies that recognise and seek to take advantage of positive aspects of rural-urban linkages in the impact regions of many cities in Developing Countries is a constraint to both rural and urban development. This policy vacuum requires a study to unveil how such deficiencies have affected rural-urban linkages and in turn livelihoods in both rural and urban areas.

The impact region of Dar es Salaam is very conspicuous. The impact region surrounds Dar es Salaam city, which is the country’s main point of entry and exit for goods and people and has always had an important role to play in the national development. Poor provision of socio-economic and physical infrastructure is evident in the impact region of Dar es Salaam. The poor development of infrastructure in the impact region dates back to the purpose of establishing Dar es Salaam city. There is a common agreement that the city was established as a port to receive agricultural produce and minerals from the hinterland to be exported to Europe.

Consequently, the first objective of this research was to identify the types of rural-urban linkages in the impact region, describe the level of development of the impact region and the extent of rural-urban linkages. The second objective of the research was to evaluate the strength and weaknesses of rural-urban linkages in the impact region, analyse rural-urban linkages with specific focus to the city and the settlements in the impact region, and appraise its role in enhancing livelihoods in urban and rural areas as well. The third objective was to formulate a policy framework for effective rural-urban linkages and enhanced livelihoods. These issues have been investigated empirically.

The research addresses the question of urban-rural linkages first from a theoretical standpoint, and thereafter illustrates it with some concrete cases at two different geographical locations. Besides, it takes a dynamic approach to rural-urban linkages by looking more closely at changes affecting the impact region livelihoods rather than merely describing the linkages between urban and rural areas. The study adopted participatory methodology tools such as focus group discussions, mobility matrix, Venn diagrams, and small-scale household surveys. These tools were put to practice in the commodity chain analysis from the production stage in the villages to the consumption stage in urban areas. This research unveils the latent potentials of rural-urban linkages in livelihood enhancement in both rural and urban areas. The observed weak rural-urban linkages and livelihoods development can be attributed to the limited local institutional development and its interplay, inadequate provision of social, physical and economic infrastructure and ineffective regional planning machinery in the impact region.

Main findings in the study were: locally designed institutions are fundamental safety nets; affordable transport complements other factors; and that migration is a survival strategy in rural-urban linkages. Based on these findings, the study recommendations include: Firstly, institute planning teams to deal with the urban problems that cut across local authorities boundaries consisting of core city and the adjacent district authorities. Secondly, involve local communities to surcharge new development in the impact region for the provision of line infrastructural facilities, such as roads, electricity and water. Thirdly, support locally designed institutions and private small-scale processing industries by formulating a policy that allows governments non-governmental organisations and donors to invest in institutions, either directly or indirectly by creating an environment friendly to the emergence of local institutions. Lastly, as regards migration of people, it is at the heart of development. Policies need to support migration by

Page 2: Microsoft Office 2000€¦  · Web viewObjective: Open Ms. Word 2007, saving a file, opening the file, typing… Abstract. Many households have spanning livelihoods that draw on

creating socio-infrastructure facilities such as schools, water, and value added processing and employment opportunities to the new areas.

The report is organised in eight chapters. Chapters one to four describe the context, the conceptual framework and the research methodology. Chapter five and six present the case studies, while chapters seven and eight present the cross case analysis, policy implications and recommendations.

Exercise 2Objective: Opening Ms. Word, Creating a new document, Saving a file, Using Cut, Copy, Paste commands, underline, bold, italic, Changing font, and Applying page set upGuideline: -Open word 2007

-Create a new document and save it as exercise2-Use margin: left=1.5, right=1.5, top=1.5, bottom=1.5-Use font name=Times New Roman, size=12

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background of the study

While there are a lot of ways to enhance the economy of rural areas, the rural-urban linkage is the most important one. The concept of rural-urban linkage has been the integral part of development theory since three decades, but in Cambodia, this concept has been taking little consideration because Cambodia was almost destroyed during the war time. The country’s development process just started again from scratch after 1990 when the war ended. Therefore, the linkage of rural and urban areas is weak and needs to be strengthened.

The rural and urban areas are crucial to be interdependent. The surplus of rural areas was transferred to urban areas and urban areas in return acted as centers to sell agricultural products and supply services and equipments for agricultural activities. In addition, urban areas will act significantly in absorbing the labor force in rural areas and by doing this, rural people will get more income from their non-farming activities. These two sectors became independent and therefore the economic became integrated.

Industrial growth in urban areas can occur if any surplus output or income generated in rural areas is used to invest in the creation of modern industrial capacity (Penelope Franks, 1999). Lewis also accepted the idea that economic growth and modernization required a transfer of surplus from agriculture sector to urban industry, justifying the appropriation of rural resources, labor, and capital in the name of long term national economic development (Fei and Ranis, 1964).

Rural development is crucial to strengthen the economic and social conditions of rural people. While the Royal Government of Cambodia is putting much attention on rural development in general, in specific rural and urban linkages that play very important role in fastening the process of rural development has been taken little consideration in its policy.

Page 3: Microsoft Office 2000€¦  · Web viewObjective: Open Ms. Word 2007, saving a file, opening the file, typing… Abstract. Many households have spanning livelihoods that draw on

Exercise 3Objective: Typing Khmer Unicode

ការវាយតម្លៃ��លើ�តម្រ�វូការបណ្ដុ ះបណ្ដា្ដ ម្របចានំាយកដ្ឋា� នសម្រ�ប់ម្រកសួងលើសដ�កិច្ច និង ហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ (គំរ)ូ

ឯកសារម្លៃនការវាយតម្លៃ��លើ�តម្រ�វូការបណ្ដុ ះបណ្ដា្ដ ម្រតវូបានបលើង-�តលើ.�ងលើ/តា�តម្រ�វូការរបស់ម្រកសួងលើសដ�កិច្ច និង ហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ

អ្នក�នតួនាទ�សំខាន់ក្នុងការបញ្ចប់ការវាយតម្លៃ�� និង លើម្រប�ម្របាស់ការវាយតម្លៃ��លើនះក្នុងការម្រ5ប់ម្រ5ងការអនុវត្តការងារ។ ខាងលើម្រកា�លើនះ ជា�ូលើហតុដែដឯកសារម្លៃនការវាយតម្លៃ��លើ�តម្រ�វូការបណ្ដុ ះបណ្ដា្ដ �នសារៈ សំខាន់ចំលើ=ះម្រកសួងលើសដ�កិច្ច និង ហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ។

លើ>លើ?ដែដការវាយតម្លៃ��លើនះបានបញ្ចប់អ្នកអាចលើម្រប�ម្របាស់វាជាឯកសារលើ>ក្នុងការម្របជំុជា�ួយអ្នកចាត ់ ដែចងម្រតតួ?ិនិត្យ លើដ��្ប�?ិភាក្សាអំ?�លើGលើH និងលើGបំណងម្លៃនការបណ្ដុ ះបណ្ដា្ដ និង រលើបIបក្នុងការសលើម្រ�ចលើម្រជ�សយកការបណ្ដុ ះបណ្ដា្ដ ដែដជាប់=ក់?័ន្ធនឹងការអនុវត្តការងារ។

ឯកសារម្លៃនការវាយតម្លៃ��លើនះ អាចជួយអ្នក និង �ន្រន្ត�លើដ��្ប�បំលើ?ញនូវដែOនការបណ្ដុ ះបណ្ដា្ដ ផ្ទាQ ់ខ�ួន ឬ ដែOនការអភិវឌ្ឍន៍ផ្ទាQ ់ខ�ួន។

ការO្ដ់ឲ្យ�ន្រន្ត�នូវលើហតុOបញ្ជាZ ក់ក្នុងការសលើម្រ�ចចិត្តលើម្រជ�សយកការបណ្ដុ ះបណ្ដា្ដ 5ឺជាបញ្ជា\ ដែដំបាក ដូលើច្នះការវាយតម្លៃ��លើនះនឹងO្ដ់នូវលើGលើH និងលើGបំណង�ូដ្ឋា� ន សម្រ�ប់ លើ]^�ការសលើម្រ�ចចិត្ត។

�ន្រន្ត�ម្លៃនម្រកសួងលើសដ�កិច ្ច និងហិរញ្ញវត ្ថុ និងជួបបញ្ជា\ ម្លៃនការផ្ទា� ស់ប្តូរបរយិាកាសការងារ ដូចលើនះ ម្រក�ុការងារម្រតវូលើ]^�ការវាយតម្លៃ��លើ�Oប៉ះ=់ដែដលើក�ត�នចំលើ=ះទ្ធOការងារ និង កំណត់នូវជំនាញ និង�លើ]cបាយលើOdងៗសម្រ�ប់លើដ្ឋាះម្រសាយនឹងបញ្ជា\ម្របឈ�ទាងំលើនះ ។

ម្រកសួងលើសដ�កិច ្ច និងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុលើផ្ទា្ត តលើ/លើ�ម្របសិទ្ធភា?ខ្ពស់ក្នុងការអនុវត្តការងារ ដូចលើនះការងារ ទាងំលើនាះ នឹងកា� យលើ/ជាភា?បនាQ ន់ដែដម្រតវូធានាថាថវកិាសម្រ�ប់ការបណ្តុ ះបណ្ដា្ត ម្រតវូបានចំណ្ដាយលើ�តម្រ�វូការ ជំនាញជាក់លាក ់ និង �នឥទ្ធិ?ជាវជិZ�នលើ�ទ្ធOការងារលើ/ម្លៃថn�ុខ ។

Page 4: Microsoft Office 2000€¦  · Web viewObjective: Open Ms. Word 2007, saving a file, opening the file, typing… Abstract. Many households have spanning livelihoods that draw on

�ុខងារ និង តួនាទ� របស់ កសហវ ម្រកសួងលើសដ�កិច្ច និង ហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ �ន�ុខងារ និងតួនាទ�ដូចតលើ/៖

ចូរ�ួក្នុងការលើរIបចំ ការអនុវត្ត និងម្រតតួ?ិនិត្យលើ/លើ�ការអនុវត្តការងារលើGនលើយាបាយលើសដ�កិច្ច និង ហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ របស់រដ្ឋា� ភិបាក�្ពុជា

ម្រ5ប់ម្រ5ង និងសម្រ�បសម្រ�ួលើ/លើ�ការដែកទម្រ�ង់រចនាស�្ព័ន្ធសា្ថ ប័នលើសដ�កិច្ច និង ហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ ជំរញុឱ្យ�នអភិបាកិច្ច្អ និង ការម្រ5ប់ម្រ5ងដែO្នកលើសដ�កិច្ច និង ហិរញ្ញវត្ថុសាធារណៈ ដែបងដែចក និង ដែបងដែចកលើ.�ងវញិនូវចំណូជាត ិ តា�រយៈការម្រប�ូចំណូ និងការលើរIបចំក�្មវ]ិ� និងថវកិាលើ�ចំណ្ដាយ

សាធារណៈ បលើង-�តនូវម្រប?័ន្ធម្រ5ប់ម្រ5ងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុច្បាស់លាស់ បលើង-�តនូវម្រប?័ន្ធម្រ5ប់ម្រ5ងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុថា្ន ក់ជាតិរ�ួ និងធានាអនុវត្តលើ/តា�ច្បាប់ហិរញ្ញវត ្ថុ និងម្រប?័ន្ធហិរញ្ញវត ្ថុ ក៏ដូចជាច្បាប់

និងបទបញ្ញតិ្ត=ក់?័ន្ធដម្លៃទលើទIត លើរIបចំលើសចក្ត�ម្រ=ងច្បាប់ និងបទបញ្ញត្តិលើOdងៗ ទាងំម្របចាឆំ្នា្ន ំនិងអចិម្លៃន្រន្តយ៍ សម្រ�ប់�៉ម្រកលូើសដ�កិច្ច និង ការម្រ5ប់ម្រ5ងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ លើរIបចំ និង ម្រ5ប់ម្រ5ងលើ�ថវកិាជាតិ លើរIបចំ និង អនុវត្ត លើGនលើយាបាយចំណូថវកិាជាតិ ម្រប�ូចំណូសារលើ?�?ន្ធ?ន ្ធ និង ចំណូ�ិនដែ�នសារលើ?�?ន ្ធ រចួបញ្ចូចំណូទាងំលើនាះលើ/ក្នុង5ណន�សាធារណៈ លើដ��្ប�លើ]^�

ការលើរIបចំតាងតុ្យការ និង របាយការណ៍5ណលើនយ្យសម្រ�ប់បងា\ ញ?�ម្របតិ បត្តិការ ហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ ម្រតតួ?ិនិត្យ និងGមំ្រទលើ/លើ�ការចំណ្ដាយលើOdងៗរបស់ម្រកសួង និង សា្ថ ប័នសាធារណៈលើOdងៗ ម្រ5ប់ម្រ5ងម្រទ?្យស�្បត្តិសាធារណៈ វភិា5 ម្រតតួ?ិនិត្យ និង ប៉ាន់សា្ម នអំ?�សា្ថ នភា?លើសដ�កិច្ច ក្នុងរយៈលើ?ខ�� �]្យ� និងរយៈលើ?ដែវង និង បលើង-�តវធិានការរតឹបន្តឹង និង

លើ]^�ឱ្យម្របលើស�រលើ.�ងម្លៃនការម្រ5ប់ម្រ5ងដែO្នកលើសដ�កិច្ច ចូរ�ួក្នុងការអភិវឌ្ឍ ម្រ5ប់ម្រ5ង និងម្រតតួ?ិនិត្យសក�្មភា?ឧស្សាហក� ្ម និង ហិរញ្ញវត ្ថុ លើដ្ឋាយរ�ួបញ្ចូនូវ ដែO្នកធានារ៉ាyប់រង

ទ�O្សារហ៊ុន ដែ្បង.ូតូ លើឆ្នា្ន ត កាសុ�ណូ �ូនិ]�ចូនិវត្ត និង ដែO្នកហិរញ្ញវត្ថុលើOdងៗលើទIត សហម្របតិបត្តិការជា�ួយម្រកសួង/សា្ថ ប័ន=ក់?័ន្ធលើGបំណងម្លៃនការម្រ5ប់ម្រ5ង និង ចូរ�ួក្នុងការលើរIបចំ និង ការអនុវត្តយុទ្ធសាម្រស្ត

លើGនលើយាបាយរបស់រ៉ាជរដ្ឋា� ភិបា ដែដ=ក់?័ន្ធនឹងសហម្របតិបត្តិការលើសដ�កិច ្ច និងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុជាអន្តរជាត ិ និង លើ]^�ស�ហរណក�្មលើសដ�កិច្ចក�្ពុជាលើ/ក្នុងលើសដ�កិច្ច?ិភ?លើលាក ?ិលើសសស�ហរណក�្មលើសដ�កិច្ចអាស៊ាន

ចូរ�ួក្នុងទាក់ទាញនូវការO្ត់ជំនួយ និងការលើរIបចំដែOនការសម្រ�ប់ខ ្ច� និង ទូទាត់ចំណ្ដាយចំលើ=ះក�្ច�?�បរលើទស និង តា�ដ្ឋាន/ម្រតតួ?ិនិត្យលើ�សក�្មភា?ការងារដែដ�នលើ>ក្នុងដែOនការ

ម្រ5ប់ម្រ5ង និងម្រតតួ?ិនិត្យលើ�ម្របតិបត្តិការទ្ធក�្មសាធារណៈ របស់ម្រកសួង/សា្ថ ប័ន លើខត្ត/ម្រកងុ និង សា្ថ ប័នស^័យលើOdងៗរបស់រដ� ចូរ�ួក្នុងការបលើង-�តលើGនលើយាបាយ និង ការម្រ5ប់ម្រ5ងលើ�ការវនិិលើយា5លើOdងៗ ទទួរ៉ាyប់រងការងារអ]ិការកិច្ចលើ�ហិរញ្ញវត្ថុសាធារណៈ និង បលើង-�តឱ្យ�ននូវការបណ្ដុ ះបណ្ដា្ដ ជាម្របចា ំ សម្រ�ប់បលើង-�នជំនាញលើសដ�កិច ្ច និង ហិរញ្ញវត ្ថុ និងការម្រ5ប់ម្រ5ងលើ�ម្រទ?្យស�្បត្តិ

សាធារណៈសម្រ�ប់ម្រកសួង និង សា្ថ ប័ន=ក់?័ន្ធ ។

Exercise 4Objective: Using section break, column, typing Khmer UnicodeGuideline: -Open word 2007

-Create a new document and save it as exercise4-Use margin: left=1.25, right=1.25, top=1.25, bottom=1.25-Use font name=Khmer OS System, size=12-Use section break to create different sections & Insert columns (see sample page as

below)

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ជំពូក ១Windows XP

I. តើ� Windows XPជាអ្វ�? វាជាប្ព័ន្ធប្ិប្តិការមួយ តើ�លគឺជា កម្មវធិ�

សំខាន់មួយចាបំាច់សំរាប់ដំតើ*� រការ របស់កំុព្ូយទ័រ។ ប្ព័ន្ធប្ិប្តិការតើនះបានតើដ�រួនាទ�

សំខាន់ ជាចំនុចទំនាក់ទំនងរវាងអ្នកតើ3ប�3បាស់ និង កម្មវធិ�

ទាងំឡាយដែដលដំតើ*� រការតើល�កំុព្ូយទ័រ។

II. ការចាប់តើ7្ត�មដំតើ*� រការ និងការបិទ Windows XP១. ការចាប់តើ7្ត�មដំតើ*� រការ Windows

XP តើដ�ម្ប�ដំតើ*� រការប្ព័ន្ធប្ិប្តិការតើនះ

សូមចុចតើល� power button ដែដលតើ9 7្ក ខាងមុខនៃន system unit របស់កំុព្ូយទ័រ។

បនា< ប់មកសូមរង់ចាបំន្តិចតើដ�ម្ប�តើ=យប្ព័ន្ធ ដំតើ*� រការ។ វានឹងបង្ហា@ ញប្ហាក់ប្ដែCល នឹង

របូភាពខាងតើ3កាម។

២. ការបិទ Windows XPតើដ�ម្ប�បិទ Windows XP សូមចុចតើល� Start តើ9តើល� Task Bar រចួចុច Turn off

Computer… ។ បនា< ប់មកវានឹងបង្ហា@ ញផ្ទា< ងំដូចខាងតើ3កាមៈ

១. ប្សិនតើប�តើ3ជ�សតើរHសយក Stand By តើនាះប្ព័ន្ធស្ថិក្នុងសភាពសំរាកតើដ�ម្ប�សន្ំសថាមពល។ក្នុងសភាពតើនះដំតើ*� រការមួយចំនួនរបស់ប្ព័ន្ធ3វូ

បានកា់បន្ថយនូវតើល្បMនរបស់វាតើC�យផ្ទា< ងំមូ៉ន�ទ័រក៏កាP យជាព*៌តើR្ម ។

តើដ�ម្ប�តើ=យវាដំតើ*� រការតើS�ងវញិ តើគ3Tន់ដែចុច button ណាមួយតើ9តើល� កា្តចុច រឺ ផ្ទាP ស់ទ�

Mouse ក៏បាន។២. ប្សិនតើប�តើ3ជ�សតើរHសយក Turn Off តើនាះប្ព័ន្ធនឹងចាប់តើ7្ត�មបញ្ឈប់ដំតើ*�

រការរបស់ខPូនទាងំអស់។ តើ�លគឺកំុព្ូយទ័របានបិទ។

ចំណាៈំ ប្សិនតើប�តើគបិទកំុព្ូយទ័រតើYយ ចុចតើល� power button តើនាះវា=ច

នឹងតើធ្វ�តើ=យខូចកំុព្ូយទ័រ។៣. ប្សិនតើប�តើ3ជ�សតើរHសយក Restart

តើនាះប្ព័ន្ធនឹងតើធ្វ�ការបិទកំុព្ូយទ័រ រចួតើទ�បវាចាប់តើ7្ត�មដំតើ*� រការតើS�ងវញិតើYយស្វ័យប្វ្តិ។

Exercise 5Objective: Applying page color, border and shading, watermark, Typing Khmer Unicode & English, Designing Cover Page for an assignmentGuideline: -Open word 2007

-Create a new document and save it as exercise5-Use margin: left=1, right=1, top=1, bottom=1-Go to Page LayoutBorder to set page border and fill color (shading) in a section-Go to Page LayoutWatermark to set page’s background image

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វឡិាសា្ថ នសហប្តិបត្តិការអន្តរជាតិ ក�្ពុជាCambodia International Cooperation Institute

Faculty of Computer Science

Computer Application

First Assignment: Writing CV and Cover Letter

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Submitted to Mr. Yuk Sovandara

By Mr. /Miss:……..

2010-2011

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Exercise 6Objective: Inserting header, footer, and page number, Using Drop Cap, Applying Text Direction, Changing CaseGuideline: -Open word 2007

-Create a new document and save it as exercise6-Use margin: left=1, right=1, top=1, bottom=1-Go to InsertHeader Footer, to view page header and footer, and insert page

number in page(s), use “link to previous” option & “section break” to make page headers and footers different.

-Go to InsertDrop Cap to insert drop cap-Go to Page LayoutText Direction to set a direction of a text in a table or in a

shape object-Go to HomeClick Aa to change the case of a text (select the text first)

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Agriculture’s role in the rural economy development of Cambodia 1

2.1.3 Agriculture’s role in the rural economy development of Cambodia

AGRICULTURE still plays the most important role in the rural economy development. In

1990, agriculture was about half of total GDP while industry accounted for only 12% (UNCDF,

2010). However, agricultural production faces a lot of constraints. Poor soil fertility, inadequate

irrigation systems and irregular rainfall, and lack of agricultural technology lead to low yields of

agricultural products. In addition, Cambodia farmers face high cost of input, transportation,

energy, and poorly developed markets with low prices. Consequently, most lands are cultivated

in low inputs and low outputs basis that can not compete with neighboring countries. Therefore,

rural people can not rely solely on agricultural activities and they have been looking

employment opportunities in urban areas.

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Employment Creation and Income Generation for Rural People 2

2.1.4 Employment Creation and Income Generation for Rural PeopleEMPLOYMENT and INCOME are crucial things that people need for survival. Therefore, all

countries in the world have put much attention on employment creation and income generation for their people. Employment creation and income generation can be done through the development of agricultural sector in rural areas and industrial and service sectors in urban centers, and significantly through the linkages of these sectors—the main point in the study.

In developing nations, about 80 percent of the population depends for their livelihoods on agricultural activities (Penelope Francks, 1999). Thus, most people in developing countries get jobs and income from farming such as cultivating rice, plants, raising animals, and fish on their farms. Besides producing outputs required for living of people, agricultural surplus is important to provide tax and generate investments that will lead to the growth of industrial and service sectors.

Industrial and service sectors play very important role in economic development of a society. A richer society is one which is able to produce and provide a wide range of industrially-manufactured goods over and above the basic necessities which agriculture generates. The process of economic development can be seen as one involving the proportional shift of resources out of agriculture and into the manufacturing and service sectors which dominate advanced economies (Penelope Francks, 1999). The growth of industrial and service sectors in urban centers indicate the growth of employment and income generation of people as a result of the superior productivity of industrial and service work. In Asia, the rural non-farm sector accounts for about 20-40 percent of the total rural employment and about 25-50 percent of rural income (APO, 2002).

ne more important way to the improvement of employment creation and income generation is a well linkage of these sectors which the study aims to discuss. Without the well

linkages of agricultural, industrial, and service sectors, it is no hope to see the economic growth. For example, if urban centers do not act as centers to sell and buy agricultural products, it is unlikely that agricultural sector can grow fast because rural people just want to do agricultural work for subsistent living, not for sale. And if agricultural sector does not grow, therefore no surplus can be transferred to create investments in industrial and service sectors.

O

APO

=Asi

an

Prod

uctiv

ity

Org

aniz

atio

n

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Employment Creation and Income Generation for Rural People 2

Exercise 7Objective: Using line spacing, Alignment, bullets and numbering, and TabGuideline: -Open word 2007

-Create a new document and save it as exercise7-Use line spacing option (Homeline spacing symbolline spacing option) to

expand space between lines of the text below (double space).-Alignment the text with “Center” alignment-Use Tab dialog box in paragraph group under Home to set tab stop position and

providing leaders (dot line) with Right alignmentList1

1. page11.1. page21.2. page21.3. page21.4. page31.5. page31.6. page31.7. page31.8. page3

2. page42.1. page42.2. page42.3. page52.4. page62.5. page7

3. page83.1. page93.2. page103.3. page103.4. page11

List21.

1.11.21.31.41.51.61.7

2.2.12.22.32.42.52.62.72.8

3.3.1

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Employment Creation and Income Generation for Rural People 2

3.23.33.43.5

List3

1.1 Gjjjhj1.2 ghjgjjj1.3 ghghg2.1 hkhjkhk2.2 gjjhjhjj2.3 hjgjjhjjh2.4 hjhjhjhj2.5 hjhjhkh3.1 hjhjhkkk3.2 fgggfhfhh3.3 hhkjkj3.4 jkjkjkj3.5 uoio

List 4

1.1 dsadsa1.1.1 sdasdad1.1.2 ssfsfsdf1.1.3 sdfdsf

2.1 asdsd2.1.1 sdsfjdsf2.1.2 sdfdsdsfd2.1.3 sdfdsfjdsfj2.1.4 gggggggg2.1.5

3.1 Asdasd3.1.1 fjsdfdsf3.1.2 sfdsfjdsfj3.1.3 sfjsdfdsf3.1.4 sdfjsdfjds3.1.5 fdfdfdf3.1.6 dsfdsfdsf

List 51) hhh

a. gdgfdgb. dgdfgc. dfgdfgd. dfgdfge. fdgdfgf. dfgfdg

2) hdshadsahd

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Employment Creation and Income Generation for Rural People 2

a. dsfsdfdsb. dsfdsfjdsc. dfdsfdsf

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Employment Creation and Income Generation for Rural People 2

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Exercise 8Objective: Use Ms. Equation, SymbolsGuideline: -Open word 2007

-Create a new document and save it as exercise8 -Use a blank paper to solve the below problems and write the answer with Ms.

Equation -Insert EquationChoose equation you need or click Insert New Equation -InsetSymbol to insert symbols which you like

►Problems:1. In a concert event at CTN TV station, 2/3 of the audiences were women, 1/5 men,

and the rest was young children. It is known that the number of women is 48 more than the number of children. How many audiences were in the event?

2. Find the domain of the below function:

y=f(x) =

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Exercise 9

Objective: Creating table, formatting table, and sorting dataGuideline: -Open word 2007

-Create a new document and save it as exercise9 -Table tools Design to modify table structures -Table tools Layout to format the table

Sale table

Id Sale date Product id Qty Price Total

All

prod

ucts

are

sold

in P

P.0001 05/12/2010 P001 20 $25 $

0002 05/12/2010 P001 15 $25 $

0003 06/12/2010 P002 10 $17 $

0004 06/12/2010 P003 10 $18 $

0005 06/12/2010 P002 5 $17 $

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Exercise 10

Objective: Using Chart to present data in an easy-to-understand manner.Guideline: -Open word 2007 -Save the document as exercise10

-Insertchartselect chart style to insert char (Bar, Pie…)

1. After solving problem1 of exercise6 , please draw a pie chart to present data. 2. In a survey attempting to identify the trend of people smoking cigarettes in a city, the data was gathered is shown in the below table:

Y/P 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009Women 1860 1790 1480 1287 1087 986 740 498 287 179Men 2408 2330 2180 2087 1889 1690 1498 1389 1298 879

Please draw a bar chart to present data in the table above.

Exercise 11

Objective: Inserting WordArt, Clip Art, Picture, and Smart Art, Shapes, Text BoxGuideline: -Open word 2007 -Save the document as exercise10

Post Implementation

Review

Working softwareAnd system

Maintenance

SystemAnalysis

System Design

System Implementation

Feasible solution and systemrequirements

Design specification

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Exercise 12

Objective: Creating a Macro, Edit the Macro, Delete the Macro, Copy the MacroGuideline: -Open word 2007 -Save the document as exercise12 1. -Create two macros and name them as “tnr” and “limn” to switch between Time New Roman and Limon S1: Ctrl+1Time New Roman, Ctrl+2Limon S1 -Now you need to type text in Arial font rather than Time New Roman.

2. In this next exercise, you are going to copy your macros from your original document into a new one. To complete this exercise, please follow the following steps:1. Begin by saving your current document – press <Ctrl s> for [Save] and accept the default File name: 2. Now change Save as type: to a Word Macro-Enabled Document (*.docm) – press <Enter> for [Save] Note that files containing macros have to be saved as a special file type. If you were to save your document in an ordinary file, the macros would automatically be discarded. 3. Now press <Ctrl n> for a new document 4. Press <Alt F8> to display the macros - there shouldn't be any of yours 5. Click on [Organizer...] and check you are on the Macro Project Items tab (you can also move Styles) In the Organizer window, the left half of the window represents the active document, Document2. The right half of the window is currently set to the default template, Normal.dotm, but you can change this if you want to move the macros somewhere else: 7. Close the Normal.dotm file by clicking on [Close File…] on the right 8. Now click on the [Open File…] button, click on My Documents and change the File type: to All Files (*.*) 9. Choose your original document (Document1.docm) and [Open] it 10. Select NewMacros then click on [< - Copy] to add them to your Document2 file The current name for the set of macros isn't very helpful and it's a good idea to change this: 11. Select it in the left-hand box, click on [Rename...] and change the name to TestMacro - click on [OK] 12. Click on [Close] to shut down the Organizer window 13. Press <Alt F8> to display the available macros (both should now be showing)

Page 19: Microsoft Office 2000€¦  · Web viewObjective: Open Ms. Word 2007, saving a file, opening the file, typing… Abstract. Many households have spanning livelihoods that draw on

14. Select BoldName and [Run] it

Exercise 13

Objective: Using mail merge to general multiple letters, e-mail messages, and envelopsGuideline: -Open word 2007 -Save it as exercise13

1. Suppose that you are working in admin office for an international company. Now your company has a special discount (20% off) for your customers during the Chinese New Year. Your manager has requested you to send e-mail messages as soon as possible to customers to inform them about the company’s program. How can you do?

2. Suppose that you are working in admin office for an international NGO. Now your organization has screened applicants’ documents and has selected some of them to take interview. Your manager requested you to send letters to them to inform them about their success in the first stage of recruitment and the times to take interview. How can you do?