Micro-Hydro Design Project

Micro-Hydro Design Project

Students: Colin and MikeInstructor: Ian KilbornClient: Robin PepperClass: ESET 540December 8th, 2014.

ObjectiveTo analyze the energy output and potential financial returns of a micro-hydro system on a stream in Verona.

The Dam

The Dam

The Dam

The Dam

Up-stream

Down-stream

How to calculate Energy from Stream?How to account for seasonal water level change?How to select the appropriate turbine?What should the system physically look like? (Design)How to deal with winter freezing?Considerations

Develop a procedure for calculating instantaneous power from measurement data.

Using historical data from representative waterways, develop a model for Annual Energy available from the stream.

Determine which turbine and system design is best.

Develop an Excel spreadsheet that tabulates financial return based on available annual energy and equipment costs.

Method

Develop a procedure for calculating instantaneous power from measurement data.

Using historical data from representative waterways, develop a model for Annual Energy available from the stream.

Determine which turbine and system design is best.

Develop an Excel spreadsheet that tabulates financial return based on available annual energy and equipment costs.

Method

Next 12 slides.

Three measurements required: Water SpeedCross-sectional Area of WaterAvailable Head ( High Water, Low Water)1 Instantaneous Power

Measure distance.Drop stick in water.Time how long it takes to travel distance.Correct for friction loss. 1 Instantaneous Powera) Water Speed

Answer: * ft/s

Water travels slower at stream-bed and shores due to friction. The Average water speed is approximately 80% of the Surface water speed. 1 Instantaneous Powera) Water Speed

Friction Loss

1 Instantaneous Powera) Water Speed

1 Instantaneous Powerb) Cross-Sectional Area of Water

Breakup stream into subsection rectangles. Measure Width and Depth of each rectangle. W x D = Area. Add up all Areas to get Total Cross-sectional Area of stream.

1 Instantaneous Powerb) Cross-Sectional Area of Water

1 Instantaneous Powerb) Cross-Sectional Area of Water

1 Instantaneous Powerb) Cross-Sectional Area of Water

1 Instantaneous Powerc) Available Head

Head = High water Level, Low Water Level

1 Instantaneous Powerc) Available Head

1 Instantaneous PowerBringing it all TogetherInstantaneous Power = Water Speed * Cross-sectional Area * Head * Water Density * AccelerationInstantaneous Power (kW) = 0.197 (m/s)* 1.651 (m) * 2.311 (m) * 1000 (kg/m) * 9.81 (m/s) / 1000 (W/kW)= 7.37 kW

1 Instantaneous PowerTherefore:On the day of our Site Visit, we measured the instantaneous power of the Stream to be 7.37 kWs.

Develop a procedure for calculating instantaneous power from measurement data.

Using historical data from representative waterways, develop a model for Annual Energy available from the stream.

Determine which turbine and system design is best.

Develop an Excel spreadsheet that tabulates financial return based on available annual energy and equipment costs.

Method

Next 9 slides.

2 Annual Energy of the StreamThe Stream will not ALWAYS be producing 7.37 kWs of power; Only on the days with the exact conditions of our site visit... Water level Varies.Water Speed Varies.Flow Varies.Head Varies.Day-by-Day; Month-by-Month;Season-to-Season.

2 Annual Energy of the StreamTo get accurate idea of annual energy of the stream, need to measure instantaneous power at minimum once per month for a year. (Jan Power * Jan Hours) + (Feb Power * Feb Hours) + (Mar Power * Mar Hours)

= Total Annual Energy of the Stream (kWh).

2 Annual Energy of the Stream

2 Annual Energy of the Stream

We now have:A procedure for calculating instantaneous power;An Excel Tool to calculate annual energy from power. Thats fine BUT.

2 Annual Energy of the Stream

No Data on the 11 other months!Cannot offer financial analysis from just October measurements!

We need to estimate what data we should expect from missing months.

2 Annual Energy of the StreamGovernment of Canada Historical Hydrometric Database

Over 7600 stations. Flow and Water Level Data

From here, we can acquire data from waterways representative of our stream!

2 Annual Energy of the Stream

By matching our October measured flow rate (0.33 m/s) to the October flow rate of a representative waterway, we can estimate what the flow rate for the other 11 months might be!

2 Annual Energy of the Stream

2 Annual Energy of the Stream

A reasonable estimate for potential energy generation for the missing 11 months.

Develop a procedure for calculating instantaneous power from measurement data.

Using historical data from representative waterways, develop a model for Annual Energy available from the stream.

Determine which turbine and system design is best.

Develop an Excel spreadsheet that tabulates financial return based on available annual energy and equipment costs.

Method

Next 15 slides.

3 Turbine and System Design

3 Turbine and System Design

3 Turbine and System DesignA Vertical, Kaplan Blade turbine meets the requirements for a low head (2.31m), low flow (0.33m3/s) stream.

3 Turbine and System DesignLH1000

PowerSpout LH

3 Turbine and System DesignLH1000

6* 661W = 4.0kWs

3 Turbine and System Design

3 Turbine and System Design

3 Turbine and System Design

3 Turbine and System Design

3 Turbine and System Design

3 Turbine and System Design

3 Turbine and System Design

3 Turbine and System Design

3 Turbine and System Design

3 Turbine and System Design

Develop a procedure for calculating instantaneous power from measurement data.

Using historical data from representative waterways, develop a model for Annual Energy available from the stream.

Determine which turbine and system design is best.

Develop an Excel spreadsheet that tabulates financial return based on available annual energy and equipment costs.

Method

Open Spreadsheet

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