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MFA Thesis:

Juhi SinghDesign portfolio

[e] [email protected][m] 317.626.3580

Unintended consequences of innovations

MFA Thesis,Herron School of Art and Design, 2010-11Designing a visual tool by conducting collaborative action research with PRIIO, a product innovation firm in India-napolis, that enables their working teams to identifypatterns in a complex social system. The goal is to help them understand the complexity in a social system by looking for patterns, causal relationships and connections and plan for a knowable future, which will lead to identification of unintended consequences of innova-tions.

an abandoned house after Katrina hurricane in 2005 in New Orleans. Picture taken in 2010

NEEDS/PROBLEMS RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT COMMERCIALIZATION

DIFFUSION &ADOPTION CONSEQUENCES

Innovation development process

[email protected] # 317.626.3580

Opportunity space

Social System

Diffusion of Innovations

Since human beings will always innovate, and the number of innovations will continue to grow, they are being added to already exist-ing natural and social systems, thereby adding to their complexity.

better understood by looking for patterns, connections and causal relationnships

Complexity in a social system

leads to leads to

surprising interactions and

unintended consequences

plan for a know-able future

MFA Thesis: Unintended consequences of innovations

Defining frameworks for formulating research problem

”

Personal masteryShared vision

ASPIRATIONSystems thinkingUNDERSTANDING COMPLEXITY

Mental ModelsDialogue

REFLECTIVE CONVERSATION

WORKING TEAM

Deming’s Core Capabilities of a Working Team

Jonathan Fish proposes that we are in need of an amplifying device because our mental resources for visual invention, as embodied in visual mental imagery, were originally better adapted for perceiving and acting on the immediate present, than for imagining the future.A visual tool, an external representation, fulfils this need.

Visual Tool Pattern Identification

I knew we environmentalists could no longer do what we had been doing. Focusing solely on environment did not suffice. We needed to fight for a larger kind of sustainability; one that took into account our social, economic and cultural sustainability as well as our ecological surroundings.

As I kept watching the news, I noticed that supplies from Walmart seemed to reach the victims faster than the federal government’s aid..the corporate sector has the incentives, operational know-how, scalability and ingenuity to respond to the global challenges we face today-social, economic, environ-mental, and cultural.

- Adam Werbach, Strategy for Sustain-ability

“


MFA Thesis: Unintended consequences of innovations

Conducting collaborative action researchAnalysis: understanding context

Participants in action and the data collected

Nature of meetings

An effective, not adaptive organization

Productivity: heirarchy in their structure

OWNER/CLIENTPARTICIPANTS

CLIENT

understand users

Clients act as informants of their users. They do this by giving them exmaples, incidents, events, etc.

CONTENT ROLES

CONTENT ROLES

Skills needed for the process of making change

MFA Thesis: User centered innovation for sanitation in India

Quicksand Design Studio, Summer Associate 2010Conducted design research on existing sanitation systems in a certain set of urban environments. Used existing systems to understand the current experience of users and used these insights in order to frame the area of inquiry

sense of future

collective action

Proposed area of inquiry

allocated funds

sense ofownership

MFA Thesis:

ignorance vs. inadequacy

igno

rance inadequacy

Ignorance and inadequacy of sanitation and sanitation facilities are factors that form a cause and effect rela-tionship, which needs to be broken apart to take action.

tiolets

people/users

community building

tiolets

people/users

community building

tiolets

people/users

community building

cleaners cleanersbuildingowner

localgovt.

electricitywater dept./water supply

Map of stakeholders of the system


User centered innovation for sanitation in India

MFA Thesis:

Quicksand Design Studio, Summer Associate 2010Conducted design research covering multiple stakeholders within the Right to Information ecosystem. Synthesized conversations into ideas for innovation.

RTI ecosystem

Right to Information (RTI) Act awareness in India

knows how to..

does not know how to..

File RTI application takes help from family/friends/NGOs

Application accepted

recieves a responsein 30 days

PIO refuses torecieve/accept RTI

application

PIO refuses/creates problems in recieving

application fees

File a compaint with the Information Commission

against the PIO

PIO misbehaves

satisfied with theinformation?

satisfied with theaction taken?

recieve information

RTI enactedsuccessfully

File First Appealwith the

First Appellate Authority

File Second Appealwith the

Central/State InformationCommission

YES

YES

YES

YES

NO

NO

NO

OR

NO

get a date of hearing

get a date of hearing

A citizen reacts to the government only when he/sheis hurt and decides to file an RTI application

tires out and frustrates the applicants

MFA Thesis:

tiolets

people/users

tiolets

people/users

tiolets

people/users



INFORMATION

files an application, and gets killed

start getting minimum wages in government work in repsonse to their applications

RIGHT TOINFORMATION

Direct

Helpline numbers

NGOs

Community

so what?/what next?

RTI utilization among citizens

tiolets

people/users



Framing opportunities

Central Information Commission RTI Activists Journalists People

Make as much information availaible to people as much is possible. This will reduce the burden of RTI applications

RTI Activists and Journalists should collaborate and use each others resources in order to spread RTI evenly throughout the country.

People should say no to bribery and ask for information more often, before they get hurt.People must become proactive and make use of the simple procedures to recieve information.Activists and Journalists must

establish common goals and aims and work unanimously. Example, journalists could empower the activists by using media strategically to make a stronger movement for Swaraj.

People, Activists, Journalists must collaborate to participate in democracy and engage in governance. We need to creatively think of activities where everyone should engage with the government and its decisions.

Take initiatives/launch campaigns/use media to provide information. They need to take the first step before anyone following them.

Make amendments in RTI applica-tions. One simple application should be made equal to demand for information, and furtehr appeals if information is not provided and penalise the PIO

Introduce one-stop RTI booths depending on factors like location, population, literacy rate, number of application filed, etc. This can be done by working together with groups of people and journalists/activists.

Supply Lines• Media: Once something is exposed to the public through media, people will start saying no to bribery for their legitimate rights• Education: RTI must be given importance and a place in education system to make it grow with the youth of our country• Citizen Engagement: Many cities outside India have started to use social media or Town hall Meetings to engage people with their daily governance.

RTI opportunity space• Uniform RTI awareness in the country• Centralized RTI service• RTI booths in villages to overcome illeteracy and language barrier• Central Information Commission, known as the watchdog should become proactive

people/users people/usersProactive

simple procedure

long procedure

Passive active(react when hurt)

tired, frustrated,hurt, killed

Proactive

simple procedure

long procedure

Passive active(react when hurt)

Current reality Desired reality

Collaborative studio project,Herron School of Art and Design, 2009-10Engaged in collaborative and cross-disciplinary innovation design process, identified and framed challenges from fuzzy situations, accounted for audiences and contexts including recognition of physical, cognitive, cultural and social human factors

building partnerships in the innovation cycle

Sustainable Power Community Awareness Initiative

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

PROBLEM FINDINGFACT FINDING

IDEATIONEVALUATE & SELECT

PLANSELL & ACCEPTACT / PRODUCE

PROBLEM DEFINITIONINNOVATION

WHEEL

PROCESS + PROCESS SKILLS


Sustainable power community awareness initiative

Initial ideations Real input from people From conception to reality

Homeowner Energy Action Training

Demonstrate cost-savIngs/ value with a fac

Community building through hpg

Hpg internet/interactive technologies

Hpg calculator

Showing the process from start to finish

Information art piece (solar power)

Kinetic art piece (wind power)

Mobile solar array (home test trial)

Open house as an Example

Digital read out on Outlets

Further Ideation Prototyping

IDEATIONS

ilitating tool

HOMEOWNERS

EXPERTS

Specific desired knowledge

Making at home

Building community

Technology barriers

Power spectrum

Legal/political implications

CONTEXT

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS

STRENGTHS

+

WEAKNESSES

=

REFINEMENTS

Lose Your Electric Company

Pinwheels of Power

Neighborhood Wind Co-op

HPG Family Fun Kit

FINAL IDEAS

NEW & REFINED IDEAS

CONVERGED IDEAS

CONTEXT

+

IDEATIONS

Promotion

HOMEOWNER ENERGY ACTION TRAINING1. SAVE MONEY2. HARNESS ENERGY3. SAVE YOURSELVES

WWW.WEBSITENAME.ORGINDY’S ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO GENERATING POWER AT HOME.

Informaton Action

HOMEOWNER ENERGY ACTION TRAININGOFF-THE-GRID ACTIVITY #34

MORE ACTIVITIES @ WWW.WEBSITENAME.COMModi�ed from original instructions @ http://solarcooking.org/plans/windshield-cooker.htm

WINDSHIELD SHADE SOLAR FUNNEL COOKERThis activity is a simple way to make an instant

portable solar oven. Using a re�ective accordion-folded car windshield shade, you can turn it into a version of the solar funnel, by simply sewing on

little Velcro tabs to the long notched side.

MATERIALS NEEDED– Re�ective accordion-folding car sunshade– Cake rack (or wire frame or grill)– 12 cm. (4 ½ in.) of Velcro– Black pot– Bucket or plastic wastebasket– Plastic baking bag

1 Lay the sunshade out with the notched side toward you, as above.2 Cut the Velcro into three pieces, each about 4 cm. or 1 ½ inches long.

3 Hand sew one half of each piece, evenly spaced, onto the edge to the left of the notch;

sew the matching half of each piece onto the underneath side to the right of the notch,

so that they �t together when the two sides are brought together to form a funnel.

(Alternatively, use adhesive-backed velcro to avoid sewing.)

4 Bring the two edges of the sunshade together and press the Velcro pieces together. 5 Set the funnel on top of a bucket or wastebasket.6 Place the cake rack in the funnel, resting on the edges

of the wastebasket.

8 Face open face of cooker in direction of sun.9 For extra support in windy conditions, place a rigid brace (stick, plastic pipe, dowel rod, etc.) between

walls of funnel

5oc eb ot doof htiw( top kcalb a ecalP

oked in it) inside a plastic baking bag.6 Tie the bag loosely with string or twist tie.7 Place pot and bag onto cake rack.

hand sew velcro strips

rigid bracefor support

plastic baking bag (reusable)

velcro strips attached to opposite sides of sunshadebring edges of sunshade together

black pot

HOMEOWNER ENERGY ACTION TRAININGOFF-THE-GRID ACTIVITY #34

MORE ACTIVITIES @ WWW.WEBSITENAME.COMModi�ed from original instructions @ http://solarcooking.org/plans/windshield-cooker.htm

WINDSHIELD SHADE SOLAR FUNNEL COOKERThis activity is a simple way to make an instant

portable solar oven. Using a re�ective accordion-folded car windshield shade, you can turn it into a version of the solar funnel, by simply sewing on

little Velcro tabs to the long notched side.

MATERIALS NEEDED– Re�ective accordion-folding car sunshade– Cake rack (or wire frame or grill)– 12 cm. (4 ½ in.) of Velcro– Black pot– Bucket or plastic wastebasket– Plastic baking bag

1 Lay the sunshade out with the notched side toward you, as above.2 Cut the Velcro into three pieces, each about 4 cm. or 1 ½ inches long.

3 Hand sew one half of each piece, evenly spaced, onto the edge to the left of the notch;

sew the matching half of each piece onto the underneath side to the right of the notch,

so that they �t together when the two sides are brought together to form a funnel.

(Alternatively, use adhesive-backed velcro to avoid sewing.)

4 Bring the two edges of the sunshade together and press the Velcro pieces together. 5 Set the funnel on top of a bucket or wastebasket.

6 Place the cake rack in the funnel, resting on the edges of the wastebasket.

8 Face open face of cooker in direction of sun.9 For extra support in windy conditions, place a rigid brace (stick, plastic pipe, dowel rod, etc.) between walls of funnel

5 Place a black pot (with food to be cooked in it) inside a plastic baking bag.6 Tie the bag loosely with string or twist tie.7 Place pot and bag onto cake rack.

hand sew velcro strips

rigid bracefor support

plastic baking bag (reusable)

velcro strips attached to opposite sides of sunshadebring edges of sunshade together

black pot

Design research project,Herron School of Art and Design, 2009-10Conducted qualitative research collection, analysis and syn-thesis, created and designed research tools, interdisciplin-ary collaboration, conducted people centered design research in order to enhance the experience of the commu-nity center users

visiting Hawthorne community center

Hawthorne Community Center experience design

Sampling process (for participants selection)

PARENTLATINOS

CHILDRENWORKING FAMILIES PROGRAM

LATINO FAMILY

CHILDREN : 8–13

WORKING FAMILES PROGRAM

INTERACTIONCHILDREN

STAFF PARTNER

PARTICIPANT FAMILY

research ideal research Hawthorneinterests participants concentration partners



Tool development Analysis in action

Making sense of it all

The design research tools developed for the children’s experi-ence, were designed to understand how Hawthorne empowers the social and intellectual skills of children in different age groups.

We developed the tools keeping in mind the respective age of each child. We tried to be cautious of not overwhelming the kids. We made sure that the tools given to them werefun, and did not appear to be boring. We also kept in mind the short attention span of the average child. A disposable camera, a diary scrapbook, and a card game were given to the children.

Each tool was designed specifically for one of these three age groups:• Preschooler (3–5 years old): one 4-year-old sample• Middle childhood (6–8 years old): one 8-year-old sample• Middle childhood (9–11 years old): one 9-year-old sample, one 10-year-old sample

It was evident from data analysis and synthesis that there were

opportunities for having meaningful family experiences, for the

kids to realize their full potential, and to explore opportunities

which were outside of their fixed routines. By taking part in

meaningful family experiences, the kids could not only build an

identity for themselves, but also learn in the process and move

towards a state of ideal sensibility coupled with independent

creativity.Participatory Research Tools: Camera, Diary, Card Game (top-down)

Analysis in action: The frameworks used to analyze data were description, interpretation and opportunity. Description is used to describe what can be seen, dismissing any assumptions. Interpretation is used to explain what is described. Opportunity is used to find and identify gaps where we can problem-solve or fulfill requirements. One of the ways of doing this process is by using different colored post-it notes which helps in visual communication of the three categories.



Spotting opportunities Proposed solution

Mutual learning through lived experience is a model for integrating English skills and confidence building into everyday experience As a result of experi-ences gained through design research methodologies, this solution matrix is framed within the lived experience of clients in the Working Families Program at Hawthorne Community Center. By using lived experience to facilitate the teaching of English skills, parents will gain much-needed practical knowledge, while children will learn about planning, decision-making and self-reliance.

Opportunity Areas and ChallengeMeaningful experience starting points:• slower-paced environment• outdoor activities• one-on-one time between parent and child• creating together• activities for entire family• experiences that expand children’s future possi-bilities• meet new people/professionals

Family members

range of unique interactions

experience a limited Family schedule dictated by work

and routine

Family does not engage in

activities outside of daily routines

Children do not realize full range of future possibilities

Family does not spend time together

at Hawthorne

How might Hawthorne provide or facilitate meaningful family

routine experience

family life with limited external interaction

and stimulation

Potentialchildren’s ability to succeed and pursue success throughout

development

parentschildren

learning context

nature of acti vity

example activities

motivations

auditory

cds and audio cassettes with popular music sung in both English and Spanish

children teach English-language song to parents in form of sing-along

visual

popular english-language movies with corresponding �ash cards or activity sheets

video games teaching English through game play

tactile

scrap books and scavenger hunts for parks and other outdoor areas

sticker books and scrap books for shopping and other regular activities

roles

vision

children promoters, facilitators and educators

parents willing recipients, students, participants

hawthorne distributors, administrators, motivators

Popular music is enjoyed by the entire family. It is not considered a burden or obligation to participate with.

planning

As part of the after school program, teachers will facilitate the children in planning and choosing activities according to interest and abilities. A reward system, such as a token economy, will be used to encourage participation and follow-through.

children decision-makers, planners

parents supporters

hawthorne facilitators, administrators

Recognition and rewards will be the most immediate motivators. The ability for children to make independent decisions will serve as further motivation.

Evening television is shared by the entire family and viewed as a relaxing activity.

Fun, outdoor activities are desired by the entire family. A sense of adventure will be experienced through experiencing new activities and new locations.







in the car at hawthorne at home during the weekend

conceptual model for program developmentidentifying context, activities, motivations and roles

hawt ho r n

Human computer interaction design project, School of Informatics2009-10Conceptualized modeling of the user experience and the information architecture design, applied ethnographic investigation and contextual design for interactive systems,ensured usability of the interactive application

ethnographic investigation at a grocery shopping store

Grocery shopping experience design

List of key requirements:Save Money•Engage a money saving shopping paradigm

List Creation•Shopper should be aided in shopping list creation; Dynamically during shopping or web interface

Form Factor•Convenient to carry in cart with other items•Durable to withstand spilled foods and/or dropping•Scanner for scanning UPC codes

Time Savings•Facilitate quick check out•The time the device takes to set up and work should also be a factor. A key user need is to save time.

Aid In Shopping•Provide the shopper with recipes•Make non-obtrusive suggestions•In-store location awareness, helps find items•The device should include basic tools for adding prices while shopping, finding recipe and food infor-mation


Grocery shopping experience design

Flow models for task analysis Low fidelity prototypes

High fidelity prototypes

Physical model Cultural model

Log-in Screen Main List Screen Change Quantity Screen

Log-in Screen Main List Screen Change Quantity Screen

Citizen engagement project focusing on web 2.0 toolsSPEA & Mayor’s Office, Indianapolis, 2009-10Assisted Dr. Alfred Tat-Kei Ho on a Citizen Engagement Project focused on communication methods, brand manage-ment, marketing strategies and citizen engagement strate-gies in an effort to improve city government by integrating citizen input into city performance measurement initiatives

proposed website homepage design

New governance thinking in government strategies

Citizen engagement strategies

High confiden ality and sensi vity

Low confiden ality and sensi vity

Monopoly of informa on

Diffused ownership of informa on

Centralized control by the Informa on Department or selected departments

Coordinated departmental

efforts

Public-private partnership

Total ci zen ownership and

community-ini ated efforts

Reebok Headquarters, IndiaGraphic Designer, 2007-09>>Designed and developed merchandising concepts in col-laboration with Brand Marketing Team and Store Opera-tions to build impactful visual presentations to enhance customer exerience>>Monitored & supervised all VM activities and executions in time; ensure in store signage and visuals are timely up-dated and are in best of the conditions. Worked closely with product designers, managers, and store staff>>Designed, developed and communicated visual books, day-to-day visual tools of all initiatives and primary liaison to the field for all categories (Performance, Lifestyle, Women, Kids)

in-store graphic for a performance store

Graphic design, retail merchandising


Graphic design, retail merchandising

Retail in-store graphics and displays

Reebok Juniors category Promotional POS

Reebok Lifestyle category

Riverbank Studios,Graphic Designer, 2006-07Designed and developed websites, 3D animations, bro-chures and DVD covers. Aided editors at the studio in plan-ning and execution of television episodes.

Riverbank Studios was set up in 1973 by internationally recognized filmmaker Mike H Pandey. Based in New Delhi with over 35 years of experience in filmmaking, the studio is a wholly integrated set up equipped to handle the entire film pipeline from pre-production, production to post production including animation and VFX.

Websites, emailers and DVD covers

Website design

Website design

Graphic design

MFA Thesis:

Thank you

[e] [email protected][m] 317.626.3580

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