metric system notes directions first, in order to view this presentation properly you must select...

Metric System NotesDirections

First, in order to view this presentation properly you must select "Slide Show” then choose “From Beginning”. Use the arrow keys to change slides. Next, as you go through the presentation take notes on metric measurement. DO NOT WRITE EVERYTHING. Read the information carefully, then write a summary of the important information on that page (usually only one or two sentences). • Page titles are underlined . They tell you what you are

learning about, so those should be the subtitles within your notes.

• To help you, important information is in bold. Not all pages will require note taking.

• Be sure to read each page carefully!

Title of your notes:Using the Metric System

ToolsUnits

SymbolsPrefixes

Converting Within the Metric System

Kilometer milliliter

kilogra

m

gram

meter

LITER

Celsius

Scientists around the world use the International System of Measurements, (SI) or Metrics, to measure distances, volumes, masses, and temperatures.

In fact, most countries use the metric system of measurement.

Metric System

The countries in red are NOT using the metric system as a standard measurement system.

If you travel to France (or just about any other country in the world), the distances and speeds marked on the road signs will be in kilometers, not in miles.

You would buy milk measured in liters

Metric System

You may be used to buying water and soda in liters, so you are already using the metric system!

Metric System

1Liter

2Liters

Metric System

Why do we have the metric system?Scientists and builders around the world need to be able to share information.

The metric system is based on the number 10. It is easy to use

because each measurement can be converted by simply multiplying

or dividing by a factor of 10.

Metric System

10

Metric System Symbols for Base Units

Measurement Unit SymbolLength meter m

Mass gram g

Volume liter L

Temperature Kelvin (or Celsius) K (C)

Look at the chart below to see the basic metric units and their symbols. Base units are what all measurements

are based around.

Prefixes are used with the base unit of measurement and indicate which multiple of 10 is being used. For example one dekameter is ten meters; two dekameters would be what???

Metric System Prefixes

1 – base unit (no prefix) 10 – Deka- 100 – Hecta-1000 - Kilo

1/100 – Centi1/1000 - Milli

Meter (length)Liter (liquids), andGram (mass) are all base units.

Measuring in units smaller than the base unit are a fraction of the base unit. Examples are Centimeter – can you tell by the fraction shown next to the prefix how many Centimeters there are in a meter???

Here are some commonly used prefixes in the metric system. Notice the multiplying factors are all based on the number 10.

There are 1000 meters in a kilometer.A centimeter is 0.01 of a meter meaning there are 100 centimeters in one meter.

Metric System

Prefix Symbol Multiplying Factor

Mega M 1,000,000Kilo k 1000Hecta h 100Deka da 10Deci d 0.1Centi c 0.01Milli m 0.001Micro u 0.000001Nano n 0.000000001

Use a metric ruler or a meter stick to measure length in the

Metric System.

Metric System – Length

Metric System Length The basic unit of length is meter

(m).

A meter is about the length of a yard in the English system.

The length of a room or the length of a large animal would be measured in meters.

A centimeter (cm) is one-hundredth (1/100) of a meter. 1m = 100cm

The length of your finger or your silverware would be measured in cm.

Use a balance or scale to measure mass in the Metric System.

Metric System - Mass

Always make sure your scale or balance is on zero before measuring.

To use a balance, objects are placed on the tray and then you move the riders on the beams until you get the lines on the right-side of the

scale to match up (the pointer & the zero mark).

To use a scale, just put the object on the tray and read the screen.

Metric System - MassThe basic unit of mass is kilogram.

A kilogram is about 2.2 pounds.

The mass of one of your large textbooks may be about 1 kilogram.

A gram is one-thousandth of a kilogram. 1 kg = 1000 g

Pencils, candies, and cereal can be measured in grams.

354.6 grams

Use a graduated cylinder to measure volume in the Metric System.

Make sure you are looking at it eye level AND reading the bottom of the meniscus (curve in the liquid).

This is 79 mL… NOT 80 mL !!!!

Metric System – Volume of Liquids

Metric System – Volume of Liquids

The basic unit of volume is the Liter.

A liter is about 1/4 of a gallon.

The volume of a large bottle of soda is 2 liters.

A milliliter is one-thousandth (1/1000) of a liter1 L = 1000 mL

A bottle of drinking water, a jar of spaghetti sauce, or medecine can be measured in milliliters.

Metric System – Volume of Regular Shapes (boxes)

Use a ruler or meter stick to find the volume of a regular shaped object.

Metric System – Volume of Regular Shapes (boxes)

To calculate the volume of a regular shape, multiply the length times the width times the height.

The unit for solid volume is m3 or cm3.

cm

cm

cm

cm3

Metric System – Volume of Irregular Shapes

Use a graduated cylinder and water displacement to determine the volume of odd shaped objects like rocks or toys.

To find the volume of an odd shaped item: 1. add water to graduated cylinder

2. add the object and note the new volume3. Subtract the original volume of just water

Metric System – Volume of Irregular Shapes

The unit for the volume for all solids is m3 or cm3.

Because 1 mL = 1 cm3 it is easy to convert.

The water in the diagram increased 10 mL when the rock was added.That means the rock has a volume of 10 cm3.

Metric System - Temperature

You use a thermometer to measure temperature.

Always check the increments on your thermometer so you know what the reading is.

Wait a minute or two for the red liquid to stop moving so you get an accurate

reading.

Metric System - Temperature

One of two units may be used in the Metric System when measuring temperature.

Kelvins are used for extreme temperatures so we will only be using Celsius in class.

IMPORTANT JUST SO YOU KNOW

CELSIUS KELVIN0˚ Celsius = freezing point of water

100˚ Celsius = boiling point of water

37˚ Celsius = body temperature

0˚ Celsius = 273 Kelvin

310˚ Kelvin = body temperature

Metric System

Once you learn how to measure in the Metric System, you will need to convert from one unit to another on occasion.

For instance, you may have a balance that measures in grams, but your lab

directions call for you to record the mass in kilograms. You will need to know how

to convert the units.

An easy way to convert between the commonly used measurements is to simply

move the decimal.

But…

How many places do you move the decimal? Which direction do you move it?

Here’s an easy method to converting measurements within the Metric System which uses a mnemonics chart.

Metric System - Conversions

Kilo

- Hec

ta- D

eka-

Base

– N

o pr

efix

Dec

i-

Centi

-

Mill

i-

1000 100 10 1 1/10 1/100 1/1000

Here are some prefixes and their corresponding values.

Reading from left to right: each prefix is 10 times smaller than the value on its left.Reading from right to left: each prefix is 10 times larger than the value on its right.


Metric System – Conversions

The following pages are conversion practice.Only take notes you feel you need.

Kilo

- Hec

ta-

Dek

a-

Base

– N

o pr

efix

Dec

i-

Centi

-

Mill

i-

1000 100 10 1 1/10 1/100 1/1000

A kilometer is 10 times longer than a Hectometer.

A kilometer is 1000 times longer than a meter. 1 km = 1000 m

met

er


King Henry Died By Drinking Chocolate Milk

Kilo

- Hec

ta-

Dek

a-

Base

– N

o pr

efix

Dec

i-

Centi

-

Mill

i-

K H D B D C M 1000 100 10 1 1/10 1/100 1/1000

A mnemonic can help you with conversions within the Metric System.

Each letter of the mnemonic begins with the first letter of the metric prefix.



Kilo

- Hec

ta-

Dek

a-

Base

– N

o pr

efix

Dec

i-

Centi

-

Mill

i-

1000 100 10 1 1/10 1/100 1/1000

Memorize the mnemonic!

You will always be able to rebuild this chart if you memorize the mnemonic!



Let’s try a conversion:

How many milliliters are in 1.25 Liters?

OR

1.25 L = ? mL

Since the Metric System is based on factors of 10, we need only worry about moving the

decimal when converting between metric measurements.


Kilo

- Hec

ta-

Dek

a-

Base

– N

o pr

efix

Dec

i-

Centi

-

Mill

i-

1000 100 10 1 1/10 1/100 1/1000

Start with the mnemonic: King Henry Died By Drinking Chocolate Milk.

Now add the prefixes that start with the first letter of the mnemonic. They will be in the correct order!



Kilo

- Hec

ta-

Deka

-

Base

– N

o pr

efix

Deci

-

Centi

-

Mill

i-

1000 100 10 1 1/10 1/100 1/1000

Now we are ready to make the conversion: 1.25 L = ? mL

Step 1: Since Liter has no prefix, we will place our pencil on the “Base-No Prefix” spot.

Step 2: Find “Milli-” on the chart.

Each Prefix along the chart is a “Place” or “Spot”.



Kilo

- Hec

ta- De

ka-

Base

– N

o pr

efix

Deci

-

Centi

-

Mill

i-

Step 3: Start at “Base-No Prefix” and jump your pencil to the right towards “Milli-”. You moved 3 places to the right to arrive at “Milli”.

Step 4: Now move the decimal in 1.25 L to the right 3 places. This matches what you just did on the chart.


1.25 L = 1250 mL

1.250Move the decimal to the right 3 places.

Add a zero in the last place.

You need not keep the decimal visible – it is understood to be to the right of 1250 ml.


Kilo

- Hec

ta- De

ka-

Base

– N

o pr

efix

Deci

-

Centi

-

Mill

i-

1000 100 10 1 1/10 1/100 1/1000

Try another conversion: 247 meters = ? kilometers

Follow the previous steps:

Place your pencil on “Base-No Prefix” and move to “Kilometers” by jumping 3 spaces to the left.


247 mThe decimal is understood to be to the right of ‘7’.

247 m = 0.247 kmRemember: Meter – m, kilometer – km

Add a zero in front of the decimal.

Now move the decimal point 3 spaces to the left.



Kilo

- Hec

ta- De

ka-

Base

– N

o pr

efix

Deci

-

Centi

-

Mill

i-

Convert 56.2 cm to mm.

56.2 cm = 562 mm

Move the decimal one place to the right.



Kilo

- Hec

ta- De

ka-

Base

– N

o pr

efix

Deci

-

Centi

-

Mill

i-

1000 100 10 1 1/10 1/100 1/1000

Use the chart on your paper and try these conversions:

93.2 mL = _____ L845.34 g = _____ Kg 0.56 m = _____ cm

Answers are revealed on the next slide.



Kilo

- Hec

ta- De

ka-

Base

– N

o pr

efix

Deci

-

Centi

-

Mill

i-

1000 100 10 1 1/10 1/100 1/1000

Answers:

1. 93.2 mL = 0.0932 L 2. 845.34 g = 0.84534 Kg3. 0.56 m = 56 cm

Remember to add zeroes as placeholders where necessary.


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