metabolism and enzymes. where have you heard the term metabolism before?
TRANSCRIPT
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METABOLISM AND ENZYMES
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WHERE HAVE YOU HEARD THE TERM METABOLISM BEFORE?
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METABOLISM
• The SUM of all reactions that occur within cells
• All the enzyme-controlled reactions within the human body and the pathways they form
Functions:1. Obtain energy from the breakdown of
nutrients2. Convert nutrient macromolecules into building
blocks of cell macromolecules3. Assemble these building blocks into proteins,
nucleic acids, lipids, polysaccharides
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CATALYST
Chemicals that make reactions happen faster!
Functions:1. Lower the energy input needed for
reactions to occur2. Speed up chemical reactions
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CHALLENGE
By changing just one letter at a time, get from ‘Tread’ to ‘Blink’. All steps must be real English words.
• TREAD• _____• _____• _____• _____• _____• BLINK
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CHALLENGE
• TREAD initial substrate•BREAD•BREED•BLEED Intermediates•BLEND•BLIND•BLINK end product
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METABOLIC PATHWAY
• Reactions in the body that are linked together• Process in which food is broken down with the
ultimate goal of producing energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
• The PRESENCE OR ABSENCE of a particular enzyme controls pathway activity
Substrate A B C D Product
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CATABOLIC REACTIONS
• Energy is RELEASED
Example: cellular respiration
Example: Starch MaltoseAmylase
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ANABOLIC REACTIONS
• Energy is NEEDED
Example: protein building within the ribosome
Example: glucose-1-phosphate starchphosphoylase
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ACTIVATION ENERGY
• The energy required to initiate a chemical reaction
What do enzymes do?• They lower the amount of energy required
for a reaction to occur• Does this by stressing the bonds in the
substrate so that less energy is needed