mercantilism. what you need to know mercantilism navigation acts loss of massachusetts charter /...
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Mercantilism
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What you need to know
• Mercantilism• Navigation Acts• Loss of Massachusetts Charter /
transition to royal colony• Triangular trade & Middle Passage• Growth of African American population in
the south• How African Americans held on to their
culture
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Mercantilism
• Main economic theory of the time
• 2 goals:• Main goal of a country is self-sufficiency• Need to get as much gold & silver as
possible
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Mercantilism
• Focus mainly on balance of trade• Are exports higher than imports?• If they are, you’re getting more gold from
other countries than you’re spending
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Mercantilism
• Strategy:• Colonies are for raw materials• Home country creates manufactured goods• Home country sells finished goods
around the world (inc. to colonies)
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Mercantilism
• American colonies had been doing business w/other countries
• More customers = more money
• Angered British
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Navigation Acts—1651
• Prohibited colonies from selling goods to anyone but British• Sent in British ships w/ British crews• Sent into British ports
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Reaction to Navigation Acts
• Some colonial businessmen resented the restrictions• Rules cut into their profits• They started smuggling goods
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Reaction to Navigation Acts
• Massachusetts merchants were the worst about defying the rules• Puritans hated the king—didn’t think
they had to follow the rules• British let it go for about 30 yrs
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Reaction to Navigation Acts
• 1684—King Charles II cracked down on colonies• Revoked Massachusetts’ charter• Made it a royal colony—directly
answerable to king
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Dominion of New England
• Temporarily set up all northern colonies as one single colony
• Made Sir Edmund Andros governor• Universally hated
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Glorious Revolution—1688
• British king replaced by Parliament• Colonists copied Parliament, arrested
Andros
• Parliament revoked Dominion of New England / restored individual colonies
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Restoration of Massachusetts
• Massachusetts received charter again• King selects governor• Must have religious freedom• Non-puritans must have representation
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Salutary neglect
• England stopped paying attention to colonies for several years
• Concentrated on rivalry w/France
• Let colonies self-rule as long as they were making a profit for Britain
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The Southern Economy
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Southern plantations
• Plantations were self-sufficient
• No need for cities—few in the south• Main one was Charleston, SC
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Southern plantations
• Cash crop—crop grown for profit• Most plantations only grew 1 cash crop• Tobacco – VA and NC• Rice or indigo – SC and GA
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Southern society
• Planters were small % of population but had most of the income• They controlled politics and society
• Small farmers were the majority of the white population, had little say
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Before slavery was big
• Natives made bad workers• Disease• Deserted easily
• Indentured servants• Reports of mistreatment dropped # of
willing indentured servants• Increased price b/c of lack of supply
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Slavery in American South
• Higher price of indentured servants increased demand for slaves
• Number of African slaves in South:• 1690 – 13,000• 1750 – 200,000
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Triangular Trade
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Middle Passage
• Newly enslaved Africans’ trip from African continent to Americas
• Treated like cargo on ships• Branded, packed tightly into very small
areas on ships• Many died from disease or cruel
treatment
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Slaves in American South
• 80-90% were field workers• Plantations – overseen by field
bosses• Small farms – often worked beside owners
• Some were trained as artisans and rented out
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Slaves in American South
• Owners could treat them any way they felt necessary• Murder of slaves was not illegal if it
was called “punishment” by owner
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African American Culture
• Slaves held onto ancestors’ culture• Difficult when families are broken up
• Arts & crafts• Music & dance• Food
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Slave revolts
• Slaves rebelled however they could• Breaking tools• Faking illness• Work slowdowns• Ran away
• Sometimes joined with Native tribes
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Stono Rebellion—1739
• Largest slave uprising prior to American Revolution
• Open revolt against slave owners• SC slaves killed planters, marched
toward Spanish Florida• Local militia battled, executed them
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What you need to know
• Mercantilism• Navigation Acts• Loss of Massachusetts Charter /
transition to royal colony• Triangular trade & Middle Passage• Growth of African American population in
the south• How African Americans held on to their
culture
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The Northern Economy
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What you need to know
• Development of northern colonies• Salem Witch Trials• Enlightenment• Great Awakening
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Northern farms
• Weather & soil make farms smaller• No plantations
• More variety of crops than south• Sold excess of crops to West Indies
• In exchange for sugar/molasses
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Northern merchants
• Large industries:• Lumber yards• Grist mills• Fisheries
• Handled sale of goods for farmers• Industry created strong economy
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Northern merchants
• Merchants were most politically and socially influential people
• Required skilled workforce• Education important
• Bigger cities needed for merchants
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Immigrants
• More important in north than south—more opportunity• Easier to work your way up in north
• More job opportunities in cities• More religious freedom than home
country
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Immigrants
• Majority of early immigrants:• Germans• Scots-Irish
• English in north concerned that immigrants would ruin society
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Slaves in north
• Crops grown in north (corn/wheat) required less labor
• Fewer slaves were needed• Treated better than in south (but still badly)
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Salem Witch Trials 1692
• Girls accused slave woman of being a witch, then accused other women
• Everyone panicked• Impossible to prove innocence• If someone was accused, they’d accuse
others to get lesser punishment
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Women’s rights
• They didn’t really have any
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The Enlightenment
• Belief that reason & science can be used to obtain knowledge
• Rational explanations for natural phenomena• World run by mathematical laws, not chance
• Puritans believed everyone should read bible—very high literacy rate
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The Great Awakening
• Early 1700s – b/c of $ prosperity –church attendance was low
• Puritans wanted ppl back into church• Traveling ministers held tent revivals
in small towns all over north
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The Great Awakening
• Revivals led to people becoming more active in churches
• Inc. popularity of various protestant churches (not just Puritans)
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Jonathan Edwards• Influential
evangelist
• “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”• Famous sermon
scared people about God’s wrath
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Great Awakening & Education
• As church membership grew, more ministers needed
• Many major colleges & universities built for training ministers
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What you need to know
• Development of northern colonies• Salem Witch Trials• Enlightenment• Great Awakening