35

MEPCO SCHLENK ENGINEERING COLLEGE, SIVAKASI

(AUTONOMOUS)

AFFILIATED TO ANNA UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI 600 025

REGULATIONS: MEPCO - R2013 (FULL TIME)

M.TECH. BIOTECHNOLOGY

Department Vision

Impart strong theoretical background in the fundamental

concepts of Biology and Chemical Engineering.

Train students to be methodical and systematic to pursue

laboratory experiments with utmost care and purpose.

Expose students to modern tools of Biotechnology

research.

Department Mission

To enable students to acquire specialized skills in core

aspects of engineering and life sciences and apply them

for the development of innovative technologies.

To transform the department into a full-fledged research

facility by developing modern infrastructure to pursue

research in cutting edge areas of Biotechnology.

To train students to realize enormous responsibility of

being a biotechnologist to serve society taking cognizance

of ethical and environmental responsibilities.

36

Programme Educational Objectives

Acquire knowledge with an objective of developing innovative

technologies.

Attain intellectual independence to be a successful leader,

technocrat, teacher and scientist.

Acquire an ability to remain self motivated to be a successful team

player.

Remain positive, proactive and patient to understand intricacies of

Biotechnology for problem solving.

Programme Outcomes

Acquiring skills, knowledge and core competence in the cutting edge

areas of Biotechnology.

Attain intellectual agility for logical reasoning in problem solving.

Ability to articulate debate and analyze scientific problems with clarity.

Understand and exercise social responsibility of being a

Biotechnologist.

Behave to be a thorough professional by practicing ethical standards

of Biotechnology.

Develop passion towards research and development by identifying

core area of interest.

Ability to focus on minuteness, accuracy and precision while

performing laboratory experiments.

Maintain integrity in performing, practicing and administering science

and technology.

37

CURRICULUM (I TO IV SEMESTER)

SEMESTER I

SL. NO.

COURSE CODE

COURSE TITLE L T P C

THEORY

1. 13MA178 Applied Statistics for Biotechnologists

3 0 0 3

2. 13MB101 Bioprocess Technology 3 0 0 3

3. 13MB102 Computational Biology 2 0 2 3

4. 13MB103 Entrepreneurship, IPR and Biosafety

3 0 0 3

5. Elective I 3 0 0 3

6. Elective II 3 0 0 3

7. Elective III 3 0 0 3

PRACTICAL

8. 13MB151 Preparative and Analytical Techniques in Biotechnology

0 0 6 3

TOTAL 20 0 8 24

SEMESTER II

SL. NO.

COURSE CODE

COURSE TITLE L T P C

THEORY

1. 13MB201 Bioseparation Technology 3 0 0 3

2. 13MB202 Advanced Genetic Engineering 3 0 0 3

3. 13MB203 Immunotechnology 3 0 0 3

4. 13MB204 Animal Biotechnology 3 0 0 3

5. Elective IV 3 0 0 3

6. Elective V 3 0 0 3

7. Elective VI 3 0 0 3

PRACTICAL

8. 13MB251 Microbial and Immuno Technology Lab

0 0 6 3

TOTAL 21 0 6 24

38

SEMESTER III

SL.NO. COURSE

CODE COURSE TITLE L T P C

PRACTICAL

1. 13MB351 Project Work (Phase I) 0 0 12 6

2. 13MB352 Advanced Molecular Biology and

Genetic Engineering Laboratory 0 0 6 3

3. 13MB353

Advanced Bioprocess and

Downstream Processing

Laboratory

0 0 6 3

TOTAL 0 0 24 12

SEMESTER IV

SL.NO. COURSE CODE

COURSE TITLE L T P C

PRACTICAL

1. 13MB451 Project Work (Phase II) 0 0 24 12

TOTAL 0 0 24 12

Total No. of Credits: 72

LIST OF ELECTIVES

SL.NO. COURSE

CODE COURSE TITLE L T P C

1. 13MB401 Biocatalyst and Enzyme Technology

3 0 0 3

2. 13MB402 Applicable Mathematics for Biotechnology

3 0 0 3

3. 13MB403 Unix Operating System and Programming Language C++

3 0 0 3

4. 13MB404 Food Processing and Biotechnology 3 0 0 3

5. 13MB405 Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 3 0 0 3

39

SL.NO. COURSE

CODE COURSE TITLE L T P C

6. 13MB406 Environmental Biotechnology 3 0 0 3

7. 13MB407 Communication Skill development 3 0 0 3

8. 13MB408 Bioreactor Engineering 3 0 0 3

9. 13MB409 Computer Aided Learning of Structure and Function of Proteins

3 0 0 3

10. 13MB410 Metabolic Process and Engineering 3 0 0 3

11. 13MB411 Bioprocess Modeling and Simulation

3 0 0 3

12. 13MB412 Plant Biotechnology 3 0 0 3

13. 13MB413 Plant Design and Practice 3 0 0 3

14. 13MB414 Computational Fluid Dynamics 3 0 0 3

15. 13MB415 Clinical Trials and Bioethics 3 0 0 3

16. 13MB416 Advances in Molecular Pathogenesis

3 0 0 3

17. 13MB417 Nanobiotechnology 3 0 0 3

18. 13MB418

Research and Research Methodology in Biotechnology

3 0 0 3

19. 13MB419

Sensors and Instrumentation for Bioapplications

3 0 0 3

20. 13MB420 Biofuels and Platform Chemicals 3 0 0 3

21. 13MB421 Genomics and Transcriptomics 3 0 0 3

22. 13MB422 Proteomics and Mass Spectroscopy 3 0 0 3

23. 13MB423

Computational Techniques in Bioprocess

3 0 0 3

24. 13MB424

Advanced Technologies In Omics Sciences

3 0 0 3

25. 13MB425

Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

3 0 0 3

40

I SEMESTER

13MA178 : APPLIED STATISTICS FOR

BIOTECHNOLOGISTS

L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

To review the basic concepts of probability and to give the applications

of probability distributions.

To understand the concept of association between variables applicable

in biological data.

To provide information about testing of hypothesis and design of

experiment regarding biostatistics.

Course Outcomes:

To explain the basic concepts of probability and to apply probability

distributions in their field.

Able to use statistical techniques for analyzing biological data.

To apply the hypothesis test and design of experiment regarding

biostatistics.

UNIT I 12

Random variable-sample spaces-Events-Axiomatic approach to probability-

conditional probability-additional theorem, Multiplication theorem- Baye’s

theorem problems-continuous and discrete random variables, Distribution

function-Expectation with properties-Moments, mean, Variance problems-for

continuous and discrete distributions.

UNIT II 12

Bivariate Distribution-conditional and marginal distribution-Discrete

distribution-Binomial, Poisson, geometric distribution-Continuous distribution,

Normal, exponential and negative exponential, gamma distributions-simple

problems-properties.

41

UNIT III 12

Correlation coefficient, properties-problems-Rank correlation-Regression

equations-problems-curve fitting by the method of least squares-fitting

curves of the form ax+b,ax2+bx+c,abx and axb- Bivariate correlation

application to biological problems

UNIT IV 12

Concept of sampling-Methods of sampling-sampling distributions and

Standard Error-Small samples and large samples-Test of hypothesis-Type I,

Type II Errors-Critical region-Large sample tests for proportion, mean-Exact

test based on normal, t, f and chi-square distribution-problems-Test of

goodness of fit.

UNIT V 12

Basic principles of experimentation-Analysis of variance-one-way, Two-way

classifications-Randomised block design, Latin square design-problems

TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

TEXT BOOKS

1. Kapoor, V. C. “Elements of Mathematical Statistics”. S. Chand & Sons.

2. Vittal, P.R. and V.Malini.”Statistical and Numerical Methods”. First

Edition, Margam Publications, Chennai.

3. Veerarajan,T. “Probability, Statistics and Random Processes”.3rd

Edition., Tata McGraw-Hill, 2008.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Johnson, R. A.”Miller & Freund’s Probability and Statistics for

Engineers”. 6th ed. PHI, 2003.

2. Arora, P. N. Smeet Arora, and Arora, S. “Comprehensive Statistical

Methods”. S. Chand & Co,

3. Spiegel, Murray R., Schiller J and R. Alu Srinivasan.”Schaum’s Outlines

Probability and Statistics”.2nd Edition. Tata McGraw-Hill 2000.

4. Kandasamy, P. K. Thilagavathi & K. Gunavathi.”Probability Statistics and

Queuing Theory”. S. Chand & Co., 2004

42

13MB101 : BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

Acquire knowledge about the stoichiometric balances in a production

To study and analyze parameters involved in the modeling of various

fermentation process.

To understand about the parameters and design of the fermentation

process.

To understand the design and construction of bioreactors

To have an overview about the processes involved in the

fermentation for product development.

Course Outcomes:

Able to know about the elemental balance, heat balance and black

box stochiometries involved in bioprocess

Able to model various fermentation process.

Able to design and construct bioreactor based on process and

production strategy

Able to know about the important parameters involved in designing

the fermentation process.

Able to design and optimize the fermentation process to increase the

production.

UNIT I BLACK BOX MODEL 9

Yield coefficients, black box stoichiometries, elemental balances, heat

balance, degrees of reduction balances, systematic analysis of black box

stoichiometries, identification of gross measurement errors.

UNIT II MODELING OF VARIOUS FERMENTATION

PROCESSES

9

Principles of model building for biotechnological processes, unstructured

models on the population level, structured models on the cellular level,

43

morphologically structured model, genetically structured models, cybernetic

model, modeling of recombinant systems.

UNIT III DESIGN OF FERMENTATION PROCESSES 9

Kinetics of substrate utilization, biomass growth and product formation,

inhibition of cell growth and product formation. Design and operation of

continuous cultures, chemostat in series, batch and fed batch cultures, total

cell retention cultivation.

UNIT IV BIOREACTOR DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION 9

Basic design and construction of CSTR, bioreactor design of agitator /

agitator motor, power consumption in aerated bioreactor, design of sparger,

mixing time estimation, oxygen mass transfer capability in bioreactor,

Removal of Heat in bioreactor, Main parameters to be monitored and

controlled in fermentation processes.

UNIT V CASE STUDIES IN FERMENTATION DERIVED

PRODUCTS

9

Case studies on Production of green chemicals, algal biofuels, recombinant

Insulin. Case studies should deal with medium design, reactor design &

process optimization etc.,

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

TEXTBOOKS:

1. Shuler, M.L., Kargi F., “Bioprocess Engineering “, Prentice Hall, 2nd

edition, 2002.

2. Pauline D., “Bioprocess Engineering Principles “. Elsevier, 2nd edition,

2012.

3. Nielsen, J. and Villadsen, J. “Bioreaction Engineering Principles”.

Springer, 2nd edition, 2007.

4. Blanch H.W., Clark D. S., “Biochemical Engineering”, Marcel Dekker,

Inc. 2nd edition, 1997.

44

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Bailey, J.E. and Ollis, D.F. Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals",

McGraw Hill, 2nd Edition, 1986.

2. Lydersen B.K., “Bioprocess Engineering Systems, Equipment and

Facilities” , Wiley-Blackwell, 1st edition, 1994.

3. Bailey, J.E. and Ollis, D.F. “Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals",

2nd Edition, McGraw Hill, 1986.

4. Stanbury, P.F., Stephen J.H., Whitaker A., “Principles of Fermentation

Technology”, Science & Technology Books, 2nd edition, 2009.

13MB102: COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY L T P C

2 0 2 3

Course Objectives:

To acquire basic knowledge about accessing the database

information and alignment of sequences for comparison through

various algorithms.

To understand about the phylogenetics and phylogenetic tree

construction.

To understand about the modeling and docking of proteins.

To know about machine learning techniques and microarray data

analysis.

To acquire knowledge about perl programming.

Course Outcomes:

Able to understand the types of databases.

Able to retrieve the biological information from the databases

Able to construct phylogenetic tree.

Able to predict the protein structure and understand about the

docking applications

Able to code for various programs through perl programming.

45

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY

AND SEQUENCE ANALYSIS

9

Molecular sequences, Genome sequencing: pipeline and data, Next

generation sequencing data, Biological databases: Protein and Nucleotide

databases, Sequence Alignment, Dynamic Programming for computing edit

distance and string similarity, Local and Global Alignment, Needleman

Wunsch Algorithm, Smith Waterman Algorithm, BLAST family of programs,

FASTA algorithm, Functional Annotation, Progressive and Iterative Methods

for Multiple sequence alignment, Applications.

UNIT II PHYLOGENETICS 7

Introduction to Phylogenetics, Distance and Character based methods for

phylogenetic tree construction: UPGMA, Neighbour joining, Ultrametric and

Min ultrametric trees, Parsimonous trees, Additive trees, Bootstrapping.

UNIT III PROTEIN STRUCTURE, MODELLING AND

SIMULATIONS

9

Protein Structure Basics, Visualization, Prediction of Secondary Structure

and Tertiary Structure, Homology Modeling, Structural Genomics, Molecular

Docking principles and applications, Molecular dynamics simulations.

UNIT IV MACHINE LEARNING, SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND

OTHER ADVANCED TOPICS

11

Machine learning techniques: Artificial Neural Networks and Hidden Markov

Models: Applications in Protein Secondary Structure Prediction and Gene

Finding, Introduction to Systems Biology and its applications in whole cell

modeling, Microarrays and Clustering techniques for microarray data

analysis, informatics in Genomics and Proteomics, DNA computing.

UNIT V PERL FOR BIOINFORMATICS 9

Variables, Data types, control flow constructs, Pattern Matching, String

manipulation, arrays, lists and hashes, File handling, Programs to handle

biological data and parse output files for interpretation

46

Laboratory Demonstrations for:

Biological Databases, Sequence alignment: BLAST family of programs,

FASTA, ClustalW for multiple sequence alignment, Phylogenetics software,

Homology Modeling and Model evaluation, AutoDock, GROMACS,

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Gene finding software, Programs in PERL.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Gusfield D. et al., “Algorithms on Strings Trees and Sequences.”,

Cambridge University Press, 1st edition, 1997.

2. Mount, David W. “Bioinformatics: Sequence and Genome Analysis.”,

CBS, 2nd edition 2004.

3. Lesk, Arthur M.” Introduction to Bioinformatics”, Oxford University Press,

2nd edition. 2010.

4. James T., “Beginning PERL for Bioinformatics”, O’Reilley Publications,

1st edition, 2001.

5. Leach A. R., “Molecular Modeling Principles and Applications”, Pearson,

2nd edition, 2010.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Baldi P., Brunak S., “Bioinformatics: The Machine Learning Approach.”

East West Press, 2nd edition, 2003.

2. Baxevanis A.D., Oullette, B.F.F., A Practical Guide to the Analysis of

Genes and Proteins.” 2nd Edition, John Wiley, 2002

3. Durbin R. Eddy S., Krogh A., Mitchison G.,” Biological Sequence

Analysis: Probabilistic Models of Proteins and Nucleic Acids.” Cambridge

University Press, 1st edition, 1998.

4. Pennington S.R., Dunn M.J., “Proteomics from Protein Sequence to

Function.”, Taylor and Francis, 2nd edition, 2000.

47

13MB103: ENTREPRENEURSHIP, IPR AND BIOSAFETY L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

To introduce the concepts of entrepreneurship in a modern

biotechnology industry.

To introduce concepts of intellectual property in a modern biotechnology

industry.

To acquire knowledge about the types of patents and patent search

through databases.

To acquire knowledge about the procedure for patent filing and patent

infringement cases.

To introduce the concepts and importance of biosafety in a modern

biotechnology industry.

Course Outcomes:

The course will motivate students to become entrepreneurs, spearhead

development of the biotech industry at the same time they will appreciate

the need to protect intellectual property rights. They will also recognize the

importance of biosafety in the laboratory.

Able to know about the requirements of entrepreneur and kinds of

entrepreneur

Able understand about the types of intellectual property and laws for

protecting intellectual property.

Able to search the patent databases and know about the patents.

Able to file the patents and know about the patenting procedures.

Able to know about the levels of biosafety and their importance.

UNIT I ENTREPRENEURSHIP 10

Definition. Functions and kinds of entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship and

economic development, Entrepreneurial competencies and traits,

developing competencies. Project identification, selection and financing.

Project report- content and significance, Planning Commission’s guidelines

for formulating project reports-methods of project appraisals.

48

UNIT II INTRODUCTION TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 10

Types of Intellectual property (IP): Patents, Trademarks, Copyright &

Related Rights, Industrial Design, Traditional Knowledge, Geographical

Indications, Protection of GMOs IP as a factor in R&D; IPs of relevance to

Biotechnology Agreements and Treaties. History of GATT & TRIPS

Agreement; Madrid Agreement; Hague Agreement; WIPO Treaties;

Budapest Treaty; PCT; Indian Patent Act 1970 & recent amendments; Case

studies.

UNIT III BASICS OF PATENTS AND CONCEPT OF PRIOR

ART

8

Introduction to Patents; Types of patent applications: Ordinary, PCT,

Conventional, Divisional and Patent of Addition; Specifications: Provisional

and complete; Forms and fees Invention in context of “prior art”; Patent

databases; Searching International Databases; Country-wise patent

searches (USPTO, esp@cenet, EPO), PATENT Scope (WIPO), IPO, etc.).

UNIT IV PATENTING PROCEDURES 7

National & PCT filing procedure; Time frame and cost; Status of the patent

applications filed; Precautions while patenting – disclosure/non-disclosure;

Financial assistance for patenting - introduction to existing schemes Patent

licensing and agreement Patent infringement- meaning, scope, litigation,

case studies.

UNIT V BIOSAFETY 10

Introduction; Historical Background; Introduction to Biological Safety

Cabinets; Primary Containment for Biohazards; Biosafety Levels; Biosafety

Levels of Specific Microorganisms; Recommended Biosafety Levels for

Infectious Agents and Infected Animals; Biosafety guidelines - Government

of India; Definition of GMOs & LMOs; Roles of Institutional Biosafety

Committee, RCGM, GEAC etc. for GMO applications in food and

agriculture; Environmental release of GMOs; Risk Analysis; Risk

49

Assessment; Risk management and communication; Overview of National

Regulations and relevant International Agreements including Cartegana

Protocol.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

TEXT BOOKS:

1. BAREACT, Indian Patent Act 1970 Acts & Rules, Universal Law

Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., 2007

2. Kankanala C., “Genetic Patent Law & Strategy.”, Manupatra Information

Solution Pvt. Ltd., 2007.

3. Kanka S.S., “Entrepreneurship Development”., S. Chand & Co., 1st

edition, 1997.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Rajeev R., “Entrepreneurship”, Oxford University Press, 2nd edition,

2011.

2. Ronald B.H., David A., “Patent Law: A Practitioner’s Guide”, Practising

Law Institute, 4th edition, 2013.

3. Sateesh M.K., “Bioethics and Biosafety”, I.K. International Publishing

House Pvt. Ltd., 1st edition, 2007.

13MB151: PREPARATIVE AND ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES

IN BIOTECHNOLOGY

L T P C

0 0 6 3

Course Objectives:

To understand the techniques and equipment involved in analyzing the

biomolecules in Biotechnology.

To understand the estimation of the biomolecules based on different

methods.

To separate the biomolecules based on their characteristics.

To prepare the components required for the techniques of separation

and estimation of biomolecules.

50

To acquire hands-on experience using the equipment for the

separation and estimation of biomolecules.

Course Outcomes:

Able to analyze the biomolecules based on their specific features.

Able to prepare the buffers required for analyzing and separating the

biomolecules.

Able to separate the biomolecules based on chromatography.

Able to estimate the protein, DNA and carbohydrates quantitatively.

SYLLABUS FOR THE LAB:

1. Preparation of Acetate, Tris and Phosphate Buffer systems and

validation of Henderson-Hasselbach equation.

2. Reactions of amino acids – Ninhydrin, Pthaldehyde, Dansyl chloride –

measurement using colorimetric and fluorimetric methods.

3. Differential estimations of carbohydrates – reducing vs non-reducing,

polymeric vs oligomeric, hexose vs. pentose

4. Estimation of protein concentration using Lowrys’ method, Dye-

binding method

5. DNA determination by UV-Vis spectrophotometer – hyperchromic

effect

6. Separation of lipids by TLC.

7. Enzyme Kinetics: Direct and indirect assays – determination of Km,

Vmax and Kcat, Kcat/ Km

8. Iso electric Focusing: Application in 2D gel using known or unknown

protein

9. Gradient fractionation of macromolecules using ultracentrifugation

10. Agarose gel electrophoresis: Determination of molecular weight of

restricted DNA

11. Electroporation in E. coli and Yeast

12. Preservation of microorganism; Freeze Drying

TOTAL: 78 PERIODS

51

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Segel, Irwin H. “Biochemical Calculations: How to Solve Mathematical

Problems in General Biochemistry.”, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd edition.

1976.

2. Wilson, Keith and J. Walker “Principles and Techniques of Practical

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.”, Cambridge University Press, 6th

edition. 2006.

3. Alfred P., Claus U., Jim H., Albert J., “ Biochemical Methods: A Concise

Guide for Students and Researchers”, Wiley VCH, 1st edition, 2008.

II SEMESTER

13MB201: BIOSEPARATION TECHNOLOGY L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

To learn the bioseparation methods used in downstream processing

of bioproducts.

To learn about the cell disruption and solid-liquid separation

techniques in downstream process.

Acquire knowledge about the techniques involved in concentration

and purification of products.

To learn the purification of Biomolecules using chromatography

To know about downstream process economics and final polishing of

products.

Course Outcomes:

Able to critically analyze the biochemical characteristics of the

bioproducts and choose strategy for their purification.

Able to separate the solid liquid and biomolecules from the cells.

Able to separate the molecules through chromatography and

understand the complexity in scale up of unit operations.

Able to choose the downstream steps within the constraints of

biosafety and process economics.

Able to polish the bioproducts through various techniques

52

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO BIOSEPARATION 9

Characterization of biomolecules and fermentation broth. Guidelines to

recombinant protein purification.

UNIT II SOLID-LIQUID SEPARATION AND CELL

DISRUPTION

6

Solid liquid separation- microfiltration and centrifugation – theory and design

for scale up operation. Cell disruption – Homogenizer, dyno mill – principle,

factors affecting disruption, batch and continuous operation. Cell disruption

by chemical methods.

UNIT III CONCENTRATION AND PURIFICATION 7

Liquid- liquid extraction – theory and practice with emphasis on Aqueous two

phase extraction. Solid liquid extraction. Precipitation techniques using salt

and solvent. Separation by ultrafiltration, Dialysis, Electrophoresis.

UNIT IV CHROMATOGRAPHY 15

Theory, practice and selection of media for– Gel filtration chromatography,

Ion exchange chromatography, Hydrophobic interaction chromatography,

reverse phase chromatography, Affinity chromatography – Metal affinity

chromatography, dye affinity chromatography, immunosorbent affinity

chromatography & Expanded bed chromatography. Scale up criteria for

chromatography, calculation of no of theoretical plates and design.

UNIT V FINAL POLISHING AND CASE STUDIES 13

Drying, spray drying and crystallization. Purification of cephalosporin,

aspartic acid, Recombinant Streptokinase, Monoclonal antibodies, Tissue

plasminogen activator, Taq polymerase, Insulin.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Belter P.A., Cussler E.L., Houhu W., “Bioseparations: Downstream

53

Processing for Biotechnology”, Wiley Interscience Publications., 1st

edition, 1988.

2. Ghosh R., “Principles of Bioseparations Engineering.” World

Scientific Co. Ltd., 1st edition, 2006.

3. Sivasankar B., “Bioseparations: Principles and Techniques.” PHI, 1st

edition, 2005.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Janson J.C., “Protein Purification– Principles, High Resolution

Methods and Applications”, Wiley Blackwell, 3rd edition, 1989

2. Scopes R.K., “Protein Purification – Principles and Practice”, Narosa

Publication, 3rd edition, 1994.

3. Asenjo J.M., “Separation processes in Biotechnology” CRC Press,

1st edition, 1990.

13MB202: ADVANCED GENETIC ENGINEERING L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

The course imparts knowledge about cloning and expression vectors.

Emphasize about DNA library construction

Emphasize about the sequencing techniques.

Emphasize about amplification and mutagenesis methods.

The course focuses on transgenic science for genetic improvement of

crops and animals.

Course Outcomes:

Understand the applications of restriction mapping and markers.

Students familiarize in gene cloning and role of expression vectors in

enhancing expression of recombinant protein.

Descriptive knowledge about regulation in gene expression, amplification

and sequencing of genetic material.

54

Descriptive knowledge about amplification of genetic material.

Have a broad perspective on gene therapy in health care.

UNIT I CLONING AND EXPRESSION OF GENES 10

Overview of Restriction and Modification system. Cloning vehicles: Plasmids

– Host range, Copy number control, Compatibility. λ phage – Insertional and

replacement vectors, in vitro packaging. Single strand DNA vector – M13

Phage. Cosmids, Phasmids, PAC, BAC and YAC. Expression vector –

Characteristics, RNA probe synthesis, High level expression of proteins,

Protein solubilization, purification and export.

UNIT II CONSTRUCTION OF DNA LIBRARIES 10

DNA library – types and importance. cDNA library: Conventional cloning

strategies – OligodT priming, self-priming and its limitations. Full length

cDNA cloning – CAPture method and Oligo capping. Strategies for gDNA

library construction – Chromosome walking. gDNA and cDNA library.

Screening strategy. Hybridization, PCR, Immunoscreening, South-Western

and North-Western. Functional cloning – Functional complementation and

gain of function. Difference cloning: Differential screening, Subtracted DNA

library, differential display by PCR. Microarrays. Applications of microarrays.

UNIT III DNA SEQUENCING 8

DNA sequencing. Chemical and Enzymatic methods, Pyrosequencing,

Automated sequencing, Genome sequencing methods – top -down

approach, bottom- up approach.

UNIT IV PCR AND MUTAGENESIS 9

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).Principle and applications. Different

types of PCR - Hot start PCR, Touchdown PCR, Multiplex PCR, Inverse

PCR, Nested PCR, AFLP-PCR, Allele specific PCR, Assembly PCR,

Asymmetric PCR, LATE-PCR, Colony PCR, in situ PCR, Long PCR. Real-

time PCR, FRET, SYBR Green assay, Taqman Probes, Molecular beacons.

55

Mutagenesis and chimeric protein engineering by PCR, RACE, Kunkels’

method of mutagenesis, Phage display and screening methodologies.

UNIT V GENE TRANSFER AND GENE THERAPY 8

Introduction of foreign genes into animal cells – Importance, DNA

Microinjection, Retroviral vectors, Trasnsfection of Embryonic stem cells,

recombination. Transgenic plants – Importance, Ti Plasmid, Co integrate and

Binary vectors. Gene therapy- An Overview

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Primrose S.B., Twyman R.H., Old R.W. “Principles of Gene

Manipulation.” Blackwell Science/Oxford, 7th Edition, 2006

2. Winnacker E.L,. “From Genes to Clones: Introduction to Gene

Technology.” Panima, 2nd edition, 2003.

3. Glick B.R. and Pasternak J.J.” Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and

Applications of Recombinant DNA, ASM Press, 3rd edition , 2003.

4. Lemonie N.R., Cooper D.N., “Gene Therapy.” Academic Press, 2nd

edition, 1999.

13MB203: IMMUNOTECHNOLOGY L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

To learn physiology of organs in immune system and their functions

during immune response

To learn about the antibodies and their significance in diagnosis.

Emphasize the significance of immune responses and diagnostic

applications of immunological techniques.

To understand strategies involved in vaccine development, antibody

engineering and library construction.

To acquire deep knowledge in the field of immunotherapeutics.

56

Course Outcomes:

Able to understand the significance of immune system.

Able to understand the diagnostic applications of antibodies.

Formalize the methodology and applications of Immunological assays

Provide knowledge about vaccines.

Provide knowledge about antibody engineering.

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 12

Cells of the immune system and their development; primary and secondary

lymphoid organs; humoral immune response; cell mediated immune

responses; complement, Allergy and hypersensitivity.

UNIT II ANTIBODIES 10

Monoclonal antibodies and their use in diagnostics; ELISA; Agglutination

tests; Antigen detection assay; Plaque Forming Cell Assay.

UNIT III CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY 12

PBMC separation from the blood; identification of lymphocytes based on

CD markers; FACS; Lymphoproliferation assay; Cytotoxicity assays; Mixed

lymphocyte reaction; Cr51 release assay; macrophage cultures; cytokine

bioassays- IL2, γ IFN, TNF α.; HLA typing.

UNIT IV VACCINE TECHNOLOGY 6

Basic principles of vaccine development; protein based vaccines; DNA

vaccines; Plant based vaccines; recombinant antigens as vaccines;

reverse vaccinology.

UNIT V DEVELOPMENT OF IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS 5

Engineered antibodies; catalytic antibodies; idiotypic antibodies;

combinatorial libraries for antibody isolation.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

57

TEXTBOOKS:

1. David M., “Immunology”, Mosby Publication, 7th edition, 2007.

2. Kindt T.J. et al., “Immunology”, W.H. Freeman, 6th edition, 2007.

3. Janeway C.A. etal., “Immunology : The Immuno Systems in Health and

Diseases”, Garland Science, 6th edition, 2005.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Harris W.J., Cunningham C., “Antibody Therapeutics”. Springer, 1st

edition,1996

2. Wawrzyuczak, E.J. “Antibody Therapy”., BIOS Scientific Publication, 1st

edition, 1995.

3. Orrebaeuk, Carl A.K. “Antibody Engineering” Oxford University Press,

2nd edition 1995.

4. Shepherd P., Dean C., “Monoclonal Antibodies”. Oxford University

Press, 1st edition, 2000.

5. Rastogi, S.C. “Immunodiagnostics: Principles and Practice”., New Age

International, 1st edition, 1996.

13MB204 : ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

To understand the basic principles of animal cell culture techniques and

its application in agriculture, industry environment.

To teach the biology of animal viral vectors, which would facilitate the

students to understand modification of gene to produce the transgenic

animal.

To understand the steps involved in the animal cell culture process.

To understand the concept of transgenic animal production and its

application in the production of valuable products.

To know about the applications of animal biotechnology.

58

Course Outcomes:

Acquired knowledge about the importance of animal biotechnology for

the product ion of various therapeutic products.

Able to know about the molecular biology of the various viral vectors.

Able to perform animal tissue culture techniques and troubleshoot

problems associated with handling of animal cells.

Able to explain the application of knockout mice and transgenic animals.

Able to manipulate animals for applications in environmental monitoring

and health care.

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 4

Scope of Animal Biotechnology and its role in the production of regulatory

proteins, blood products, vaccines, hormones and other therapeutic proteins.

UNIT II MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 9

Biology of animal viral vectors- SV40, adeno virus, retrovirus, vaccinia virus,

herpes virus, adeno associated virus and baculo virus.

UNIT III CELL CULTURE TECHNOLOGY 11

Culturing of cells, primary and secondary cell lines, Cell culture-Scae up of

animal cell culture-monolayer culture, suspension culture; Various bio-

reactors used for animal cell culture-Roller bottle culture; Bioreactor process

control, stirred animal cell culture, Air-lift fermentor, Chemostat/Turbidostat;

High technology vaccines; Hybridoma technology; Cell lines and their

applications.

UNIT IV GENETIC ENGINEERING 11

Gene therapy-prospects and problems; Knockout mice and mice model for

human genetic disorder; Baculo virus in biocontrol; Enzyme technology,

Somatic manipulation of DNA, Nucleic acid hybridization and probes in

diagnosis- preparation of probes, evaluation and applications.

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UNIT V APPLICATIONS OF ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 10

Rumen manipulation- probiotics embryo transfer technology, in vitro

fertilization, transgenesis- methods of transferring genes into animal oocytes,

eggs, embryos and specific tissues by physical, chemical and biological

methods; Biopharming -Transgenic animals (Mice, Cows, Pigs, Sheep, Goat,

Birds and Insects); Artificial insemination and embryo transfer.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

TEXTBOOKS:

1. Glick B.R., Pasternack, J.J., “Molecular Biotechnology”, ASM Press,

3rd edition, 2003.

2. Freshney R.I., “Culture of Animal Cells –a manual of basic techniques

and specialized applications”, John Wiley & sons, 7th edition, 2010.

3. Davis J.M., “Basic Cell Culture: A Practical Approach”, IRL Press, 2nd

edition, 2002.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Watson J.D., Gilman M., Witowski J. Zoller M., “Recombinant DNA”.

W.H. Freeman, 2nd edition, 1992.

2. Masters J.R., “Animal Cell culture. Practical Approach “, Oxford

University Press, UK, 3rd edition, 2000.

3. Lewin B., “Genes VIII”, Pearson Prentice Hall, 8th edition, 2004.

13MB251 : MICROBIAL AND IMMUNOTECHNOLOGY

LABORATORY

L T P C

0 0 6 3

Course Objectives:

To learn safety precautions followed in Microbiology and Immunology

laboratory.

Transfer living microbes using aseptic technique.

60

Demonstrate proficiency and use of the following in the laboratory:

streak plate isolation technique;bacterial staining techniques; wet

mounts; and proper culture handling.

Visually recognize and explain the macroscopic and microscopic

characteristics of microorganisms

Understand and explain environmental factors that influence microbes.

Properly obtain, culture, identify, and explain microorganisms in

environmental cultures.

Understand andexplain the interaction of antigen and antibody.

Daignosis of the disease using ELISA and commercially availble kits..

Course Outcomes:

By the end of this course, students will be able to:

Perform laboratory techniques commonly used in microbiology and

immunology.

Design experiments with appropriate standards and controls.

Analyze properly microbiology and immunology research data.

Present research results in a clear and efficient manner.

Use a scientific approach to problem solving.

Search efficiently the scientific literature in bacteriology, virology,

mycology, parasitology or immunology.

Analyze, interpret, summarize and clearly present scientific information.

EXPERIMENTS

PART I - MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY

1. Disinfection, safety instructions; Preparation of media and Sterilization

2. Identification and staining of microbes (gram staining, Giemsa etc)

3. Enumeration of microorganisms by serial dilution

4. Growth curve, measure of bacterial population by turbidometry

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PART II - IMMUNO TECHNOLOGY

1. Ethics, selection and handling of animals for immunological

experiments (Eg. Mice, Rats, Rabbits)

2. Preparation of antigen and Routes of immunisation (Intra-peritonial,

Sub-cutaneous, Intra-muscular, Intra-nasal, Oral)

3. Methods of bleeding (Eg. Tail bleeding, Intravenous, intraorbital)

4. Collection of serum, storage and purification of total IgG (salt

precipitation).

5. Evaluation of Antibody titre by direct ELISA

6. Evaluation of Antigen by Sandwich ELISA

7. Characterisation of antigens by native, SDS-PAGE

8. Characterisation of antigens by Immunoblotting

9. Conjugation of Immunoglobins (Streptavidin, colloidal gold)

10. Methods for prototype development of Immunodiagnostics (ICTcard)

11. Blood smear identification of leucocytes by Giemsa stain

12. Separation of mononuclear cells by Ficoll-Hypaque

13. 13. Separation of spleenocytes and proliferation against mitogens

TOTAL: 90 PERIODS

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Harlow, E,D. “Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual.” Panima, 2nd edition.

2006.

2. Sambrook, J. “Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual.” Cold Spring

Harbor,/Panima, 3rd edition. 2001

3. Coligan, John E., “Current Protocols in Immunology.” Wiley

Interscience, 1st edition, 2003.

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13MB352: ADVANCED MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND

GENETIC ENGINEERING LAB

L T P C

0 0 6 3

Course Objectives:

At the end of the course, the student would have learnt techniques

of gene cloning, screening of the clones and optimization of gene

expression

Monitor recombinant gene expression profile using electrophoresis

and hybridization techniques.

Gain hands on experience in RNA isolation and cDNA preparation.

Course Outcomes:

Techniques in cloning a gene of interest into vector.

Optimization of recombinant gene expression.

Confirmation of recombinant protein expression.

SYLLABUS FOR THE LAB:

1. Preparation of genomic DNA

2. Preparation of plasmid DNA

3. Restriction digestion of the vector and Insert

4. Purification of restricted DNA fragments, gel elution and column

purification of restricted DNA

5. Ligation and transformation into E. coli

6. IPTG induction of recombinant E. coli

7. SDS-PAGE analysis of recombinant protein expression

8. Confirmation of recombinant protein expression by Western blot

9. Quantification of expressed recombinant protein by ELISA.

10. RNA Isolation

11. cDNA preparation from RNA

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12. Southern hybridization

13. Site Directed Mutagenesis

14. Electroporation in Yeast

TOTAL: 75 PERIODS

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Sambrook J., David W.R., “The Condensed Protocols: From

Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual” Cold Spring Harbor, 1st

edition, 2006.

2. Frederick M. A., Roger B., Robert E. K., David D. M., Seidman J.G.,

John A.S., Kevin S., “Short protocols in molecular biology- Volume I

& II”, Wiley & sons, 2002.

3. Berger S., Kimmel A.R., “Methods in Enzymology: Guide to

Molecular Cloning Techniques, Volume-152”, Academic Press, 1st

edition, 1987.

4. Abelson J.N., Simon M.I., Wu R., Grossmann L., “Methods in

Enzymology: Recombinant DNA Part D, Volume-153”, Academic

Press, 1st edition, 1987.

5. Abelson J.N., Simon M.I., Wu R., Grossmann L., “Methods in

Enzymology: Recombinant DNA Part E, Volume-154”, Academic

Press, 1st edition, 1987.

6. Abelson J.N., Simon M.I., Wu R., Grossmann L., “Methods in

Enzymology: Recombinant DNA Part F, Volume-155”, Academic

Press, 1st edition, 1987.

7. Abelson J.N., Simon M.I., Wu R., Goedddel D.V., “Methods in

Enzymology: Gene Expression Technology, Volume-185”, Academic

Press, 1st edition, 1990.

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13MB353: ADVANCED BIOPROCESS AND DOWNSTREAM

PROCEESING LAORATORY

L T P C

0 0 6 3

Course Objectives:

To develop the skills of the students by providing hands on training

in enzyme catalysis.

To develop the skills of the students to formulate and optimize the

medium for effective fermentation process.

To train the students for the operation of bioreactor.

To understand the techniques and equipment involved in analyzing

the biomolecules in Biotechnology

To purify the biomolecules through various techniques.

To train the students in growing the animal cells in the bioreactor.

Course Outcomes:

Ability to understand the mechanism and kinetics of the enzyme

reaction

Ability to understand the importance of medium formulation and

optimization of medium for their role in economy of the process

To successfully carry out aseptic fermentations using a bioreactor

Able to analyze the biomolecules based on their specific features

Able to concentrate the products through various techniques such as

precipitation and ultrafiltration.

Able to separate the biomolecules based on chromatography.

Able to estimate the protein, DNA and carbohydrates.

SYLLABUS FOR THE LAB:

1. Enzyme kinetics, inhibition, effect of pH, temperature on enzyme

catalysis

2. Enzyme immobilization studies – Gel entrapment, adsorption and ion

65

exchange immobilization.

3. Optimization techniques – Plackett- Burman, Response surface

methodology.

4. Batch cultivation – recombinant E.coli – growth rate, substrate

utilization kinetics,product analysis after induction, Metabolite

analysis by HPLC

5. Fed batch cultivation of E. coli

6. Continuous cultivation – x - d construction, kinetic parameter

evaluation, gas analysis, carbon balancing, pulse and shift

techniques.

7. Bioreactor studies: Sterilization kinetics, kLa determination, residence

time distribution

8. Animal cell culture production: T-flask, spinner flask, bioreactor

9. Cell separation methods; Centrifugation and microfiltration

10. Product concentration: Precipitation, ATPS, Ultrafiltration

11. High resolution purification; ion exchange, affinity and gel filtration

12. Freeze drying

TOTAL: 78 PERIODS

REFERENCES:

1. Bailey, J.E. and Ollis, D.F., “Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals",

McGraw Hill, 2ndEdition, 1986.

2. Lydersen B.K., “Bioprocess Engineering Systems, Equipment and

Facilities” Wiley-Blackwell, 1994.

3. Blanch H.W., Clark D. S., “Biochemical Engineering”, Marcel Dekker,

Inc. 2nd edition, 1997.

4. Shuler, Michael L. and Kargi F., “Bioprocess Engineering “, Prentice

Hall, 1992.

5. Belter P.A., Cussler E.L., Houhu W., “Bioseparations: Downstream

Processing for Biotechnology”, Wiley Interscience Publications., 1st

edition, 1988.

66

6. J.C. Janson and L. Ryden,”Protein Purification–Principles, High

Resolution, Methods and Applications”, Wiley Blackwell, 2nd edition,

1998.

7. R.K. Scopes “Protein Purification– Principles and Practice”, Springer,

3rd edition, 1994.

8. Ahuja S., “Handbook of Bioseparations”, Academic Press, 1st edition,

2000.

9. Rehm H.J., Reed G., “Biotechnology: A Multi Volume Comprehensive

Treatise - Bioprocessing Volume-3” Wiley VCH, 2nd revised sub

edition, 1993.

10. Rehm H.J., Reed G., “Biotechnology: A Multi Volume

Comprehensive Treatise - Special Processes Volume-10” Wiley

VCH, 2nd revised sub edition, 2010.

67

ELECTIVES

13MB401: BIOCATALYST AND ENZYME TECHNOLOGY L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

To acquire basic knowledge about the classification and mechanism

of enzymes

To understand about the basic concepts in the kinetics of the enzyme

action.

To understand about the basic concepts in the immobilization of the

enzymes.

To know about the processes involved in functional group

transformation using the enzymes.

To know about the processes involved in enzymatic transformation.

Course Outcomes:

Able to understand the types of enzymes and their mode of action.

Able to deal about the kinetics involved in the enzyme actions

Able to deal with the creation of immobilized enzymes.

Acquired knowledge about the functional group transformation about

the enzymes.

Acquired knowledge about the enzymatic transformation.

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9

Introduction to enzymes, Classification, Sources, Mechanism of enzyme

action. Strategies of purification of enzymes, criteria of purity, molecular

weight determination and characterization of enzymes, Enzymes of

biological importance - Acetyl cholinesterase, angiotensin converting

enzyme (ACE), ACE Inhibitors, HMG Co A reductase inhibitors, pseudo

cholinesterase, 5 -nucleotidase (5NT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

(GPD), Isoforms, immunoreactivetrypsinogen (IRT) and chymotrypsin;

amylase isoenzymes.

68

UNIT II KINETICS OF ENZYME ACTION 9

Methods for investigating the kinetics of enzyme catalyzed reactions – Initial

velocity Studies, Estimation of Michaelis Menten parameters, Effect of pH

and temperature on enzyme activity, kinetics of inhibition. Modeling of rate

equations for single and multiple substrate reactions.

UNIT III IMMOBILIZED ENZYMES 9

Techniques of enzyme immobilization; kinetics of immobilized enzymes,

effect of solute, partition & diffusion on the kinetics of immobilized enzymes,

design and configuration of immobilized enzyme reactors; applications of

immobilized enzyme technology, Economic argument for immobilization.

UNIT IV ENZYMES IN FUNCTIONAL GROUP

TRANSFORMATION

9

Functional group interconversion using enzymes (hydrolysis reaction,

oxidation/reduction reactions, C-C bond formations), Retrosynthetic

biocatalysis, Chemoenzymatic synthesis of natural products. Industrial

process using enzymes for production of drugs, fine chemicals and chiral

intermediates.

UNIT V ENZYMATIC TRANSFORMATION 9

Reaction engineering for enzyme-catalyzed biotransformations. Catalytic

antibodies. Biocatalysts from extreme Thermophilic and Hyperthermophilic

microorganisms (extremozymes). The design and construction of novel

enzymes, artificial enzymes, Biotransformation of drugs (hydroxylation of

Steroids), Host Guest Complexation chemistry, enzyme design using

steroid templates, enzymes for production of drugs, fine chemicals and

chiral intermediates.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

TEXT/ REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Bailey J.E., Ollis D.F. “Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals.”.

69

McGraw Hill, 2nd edition 1986

2. Faber, Kurt “Biotransformations in Organic Chemistry: A Textbook.”,

5th Edition. Springer, 2008.

3. Palmer, Trevor. “Enzymes: Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Clinical

Chemistry.” 2nd Edition, East West Press, 2008.

4. Yeh W.K., Yang H.C., James R.M., “Enzyme Technologies:

Metagenomics, Biocatalysis and Biosynsthesis”, Wiley-Blackwell, 1st

edition, 2010.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Blanch H.W., Clark D. S., “Biochemical Engineering”, Marcel Dekker,

Inc. 2nd edition, 1997.

2. Lee, James M., “Biochemical Engineering.” PHI, 1st edition, 1982.

3. Yeh W.K., Yang H.C., James R.M., “Enzyme Technologies:

Metagenomics, Biocatalysis and Biosynsthesis”, Wiley-Blackwell, 1st

edition, 2010.

13MB402: APPLICABLE MATHEMATICS FOR

BIOTECHNOLOGY

L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

To provide basics concepts of probability, sampling theory, analysis of

variance and quality control.

To provide the basic concepts of calculus

To solve the problems related to the differential equation and partial

differential equation

To solve the problems associated with the higher order differential

equation

To provide students with a good understanding of the concepts and

methods of linear algebra and connect linear algebra to other field

both within and without mathematics.

70

To choose the appropriate numerical method for its solution based on

characteristics of the problem.

Course Outcomes:

Able to solve problems related to calculus

Able to solve problems related to differential equation.

Able to solve problems related to higher order differential equation

Able to understand the basics of linear algebra

Able to understand the characteristics of the method to interpret the

results.

UNIT I CALCULUS 12

Calculus (Quick review of concepts): Review of limits, continuity,

differentiability; Mean value theorem, Taylor's Theorem, Maxima and

Minima; Fundamental theorem of Calculus; Improper integrals; Applications

to area, volume; Convergence of sequences and series; Power series;

Partial Derivatives; Gradient and Directional derivatives; Chain rule; Maxima

and Minima.

UNIT II DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION AND PARTIAL

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

12

Introduction- Differential Equation and solution-First order, linear

differerential equation, partial differential equations solution-Various types of

partial different equation of the form f(p,q)=0, f( x, p, q)=0, f(x, p)=g(y, q).

Clairaut’s form z=px+qy+f(p,q), Lagrange’s equation Pp+Qq=R. Total

differentiation Pdx+Qdy+Rdz=0. Simple Problem application to biology .

UNIT III SECOND AND HIGHER ORDER DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATIONS

12

Linear ODE's with constant coefficients: the characteristic equations;

Cauchy-Euler equations; Linear dependence and Wronskians; Method of

undetermined coefficients; Method of variation of parameters; Laplace

transforms: Inverse theorem, shifting theorems, partial fractions.

71

UNIT IV LINEAR ALGEBRA 12

Basics: Vectors, matrices, determinants; Matrix addition and multiplication;

Systems of equations: Gauss elimination, Matrix rank, Linear

independence, Cramer's rule; Inverse of a matrix: Gauss-Jordan

elimination; Eigen values and Eigen vectors: characteristic polynomials,

eigen values of special matrices(orthogonal, unitary, hermitian, symmetric,

skewsymmetric, normal).

UNIT V NUMERICAL METHODS 12

Solution of equations by iteration; Interpolation by polynomials; Piecewise

linear and cubic splines; Numeric integration and differentiation; Linear

systems: Gauss elimination, Gauss-Siedel, matrix inversion; LU

factorization; Matrix eigenvalues; Numerical solution of ODEs: Euler and

Runge-Kutta methods, Predictor-Corrector methods; Exposure to software

packages like Matlab or Scilab.

TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

TEXT/ REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Thomas, G.B. and R. L. Finney. “Calculus and Analytic Geometry.”9th

Edition, Addison-Wesley, 1998.

2. Kreyszig, E. “Advanced Engineering Mathematics.”, John Wiley, 8th

Edition, 1999.

3. Boyce, W.E. and R. DiPrima. “Elementary Differential Equations”.

John-Wiley, 8th Edition, 2005.

4. Grewal, B.S. “Higher Engineering Mathematics.” Khanna Publications,

40th Edition , 2007.

72

13MB403 : UNIX OPERATING SYSTEM AND PROGRAMMING

LANGUAGE IN C++

L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

To acquire basic knowledge about UNIX operating system.

To understand basic concepts in the C++ programming.

To excel their skills in the programming of the C++ with the thorough

understanding of the classes

To excel their skills in the programming of the C++ with the thorough

understanding of the inheritance.

To excel their skills in the programming of the C++ with the thorough

understanding of the polymorphism.

Course Outcomes:

Able to understand the UNIX operating system.

Able to code for programs by C++ programming.

Able to code for programs by C++ programming through classes.

Able to code for programs by C++ programming through inheritance.

Able to code for programs by C++ programming through polymorphism.

UNIT I UNIX Operating System 8

Introduction to Operating Systems, Basic Commands in Unix, vi editor,

filters, input/output redirection, piping, transfer of data between devices,

shell scripts.

Programming Language C++.

UNIT II INTRODUCTION TO C++ 10

Programming methodologies- Introduction to Object Oriented Programming

- Comparison of Procedural and Object Oriented languages - Basics of C++

environment, Data types, Control Flow Constructs, Library functions, Arrays.

73

UNIT III CLASSES 10

Definition-Data members-Function members-Access specifiers-

Constructors-Default constructors-Copy constructors-Destructors-Static

members- This pointer- Constant members- Free store operators- Control

statements.

UNIT IV INHERITANCE AND POLYMORPHISM 10

Overloading operators- Functions- Friends- Class derivation-Virtual

functions-Abstract base classes-Multiple inheritance.

UNIT V TEMPLATES AND FILE HANDLING 7

Class templates-Function templates-Exception handling- File Handling

Lab: Exercises for all the topics.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Kochen, S.J. & Wood, P.H., “Exploring the Unix System”., Prentice

Hall, 3rd edition, 1992

2. Bach M.J., “The Design of Unix Operating Systems.”, PHI, 1st edition,

1986.

3. Lippman S.B., Josee L., Barbara E.M., “The C++ Primer”., Addison

Wesley, 5th edition, 2012.

4. Deitel P., Deitel H., “C++ How to Program.” PHI, 8th edition, 1998.

5. Balagurusamy E., “Object-Oriented Programming Using C++,” Tata

McGraw- Hill, 3rd edition, 2002.

74

13MB404: FOOD PROCESSING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

To introduce the various concepts of Food chemistry to the students

To acquire knowledge about the microbiology and biotechnology in food

processing.

To acquire knowledge about the unit operation involved in the food

processing.

To understand the concepts involved in the food preservation.

To acquire knowledge about the manufacture of various food products.

Course Outcomes:

Students acquired knowledge about the constituents, food additives and

enzymes in food processing.

Students acquired knowledge about the microorganisms associated

with food and food borne diseases.

Students acquired the knowledge of the fundamentals of food

processing.

Students understand the techniques involved in the food processing

and food preservation.

Students acquired the skills to gain employment in the food industry and

food product development.

UNIT I FOOD CHEMISTRY 9

Constituent of food – contribution to texture, flavour and organoleptic

properties of food; food additives – intentional and non-intentional and their

functions; enzymes in food processing.

UNIT II FOOD MICROBIOLOGY 9

Sources and activity of microorganisms associated with food; food

fermentation; food chemicals; food borne diseases – infections and

intoxications, food spoilage – causes.

75

UNIT III FOOD PROCESSING 9

Raw material characteristics; cleaning, sorting and grading of foods;

physical conversion operations – mixing, emulsification, extraction, filtration,

centrifugation, membrane separation, crystallization, heat processing.

UNIT IV FOOD PRESERVATION 9

Use of high temperatures – sterilization, pasteurization, blanching, aseptic

canning; frozen storage – freezing curve characteristics. Factors affecting

quality of frozen foods; irradiation preservation of foods.

UNIT V MANUFACTURE OF FOOD PRODUCTS 9

Bread and baked goods, dairy products – milk processing, cheese, butter,

ice-cream, vegetable and fruit products; edible oils and fats; meat, poultry

and fish products; confectionery, beverages.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

TEXT/ REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Sivasankar B., “Food Processing and Preservation”, PHI, 1st edition,

2002.

2. Frazier W.C., Westhoff D.C.,. “Food Microbiology” McGraw-Hill Book,

4th edition, 1988.

3. Damodaran, Srinivasan. “Fennema’s Food Chemistry” Marcel Dekker/

CRC, 4th edition, 2008.

4. Chopra H.K., Panesar P.S., “Food Chemistry”. Narosa., 2nd edition,

2010.

5. Jay, James M. “Modern Food Microbiology”. Springer, 7th edition, 2005.

6. Vaclavik, Vickie A. and Elizabeth Christian. “Essentials of Food

Science”, Springer, 2nd edition 2003.

76

13MB405: PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

This course aims to provide students with

Comprehensive understanding of the essentials of pharmacology

The theory, practices and equipment used in pharmaceutical industry

To understand about the pharmaceutical formulations.

Understanding of the importance, concepts and methods of drug

delivery systems

Knowledge of the importance of recombinant DNA technology derived

drugs in pharmaceutical industry and their regulations with case studies

Course Outcomes:

Students will learn the scientific basis of drug action

Students will appreciate the scientific rationale involved in candidate

drug development and preformulation development

Students will learn the basis of formulating the drug.

Students will appreciate the theoretical principles governing dosage

forms and drug delivery systems and the methods of their development

Students will gain the knowledge of role and importance of

biotechnology in pharmaceutical industry

UNIT I OVERVIEW OF PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY 7

Drug Discovery and Development, Preformulation Development, Regulatory

Issues, Pharmaceutical Patents, Generics, biogenerics and biosimilars,

INN.

UNIT II PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY 12

Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics, Adverse drug reactions and Drug

Interactions. Pharmacology of Antihypertensives, Antidiabetics, Anti-

hypercholesterolemics, Oral Contraceptives, NSAID’s and Antiulcer agents.

77

UNIT III PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS 12

Overview of dosage forms, Manufacture of tablets, capsules, liquid orals,

pharmaceutical dispersions, pharmaceutical aerosols and sterile

parenterals.

UNIT IV DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS 7

Controlled release formulations, transdermal, oral, oral-mucosal, colonic

delivery systems, injections and implants, liposomes and drug targeting,

applications of nanotechnology in drug delivery.

UNIT V BIOTECHNOLOGY DERIVED DRUGS 7

Insulin, erythropoietin, growth hormone, interferons and interleukins, growth

factors, Human Donor blood derived therapeutics, tPA, monoclonal

antibodies and engineered antibodies.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

TEXTBOOKS:

1. Lachman L. et al., “The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy”,

Varghese Publishing House, 3rd edition, 1986.

2. Katzung B.G., “Basic and Clinical Pharmacology.” McGraw Hill, 12th

edition, 2010.

3. Thomas G., “Medicinal Chemistry: An Introduction.” John Wiley, 2nd

edition, 2007.

4. Walsh G., “Biopharmaceuticals: Biochemistry and Biotechnology.” John

Wiley & Sons, 2nd edition, 2007.

5. Jain N.K., “Advances in Controlled and Novel Drug Delivery”, CBS

Publishers, 1st edition, 2001.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Hardman, J.G., Lee E. L., Alfred G. G., “Goodman and Gilman’s

Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics”., McGraw Hill, 11th edition,

2006.

2. Lieberman H.A. et al, “Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Tablets (Vol. I,

78

II & III)”, Marcel Dekkar, 2nd edition, 1989.

3. Ansel, H.C. “Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery

Systems”, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 7th edition, 2000.

4. Aulton M.E., “Pharmaceutics: The Science of Dosage form Design.”

Churchill Livingstone, 2nd edition, 2002.

5. Rodney J. Y., “Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals: Transforming

Proteins and Genes into Drugs.” Wiley Blackwell, 2nd edition, 2013.

13MB406 : ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

To teach students the scientific and engineering principles of

microbiological treatment technologies to clean up contaminated

environments and to protect the existing resources for the human

society.

To understand the fundamentals of environmental microbiology

To teach the bioremediation of organic contaminants and toxic metals

To teach biodegradation of environmental contaminants, and

engineering strategies for bioremediation.

To understand the alternative sources that do not affect the

environment.

Course Outcomes:

By the end of the course the student should be able to:

Describe and assess the role of microorganisms in biodegradation.

Describe and assess biological methods for pollution control, energy

and resource recovery from waste, bioremediation and how they can

contribute to clean technology.

Explain the physiological processes by which biological systems

contribute to environmental biotechnology.

Evaluate the impact of physicochemical, molecular and ecological

factors on biological processes contributing to environmental

79

biotechnology.

Describe the alternative energy sources and their impact on society

UNIT I ROLE OF SOIL MICROORGANISMS IN

BIODEGRADATION 7

Microbial flora of soil, Ecological adaptations, Interactions among soil

microorganisms, biogeochemical role of soil microorganisms.

Biodegradation, Microbiology of degradation and its mechanism,

Bioaugmentation, Biosorption, Bioleaching, Bioremediation- Types of

Bioremediation, Bioreactors for Bioremediation, Metabolic pathways for

Biodegradation for specific organic pollutants.

UNIT II CONCEPTS OF POLLUTION 11

Pollution- Sources of pollutants for Air, Water (ground water, marine),

Noise, Land and its characteristics- Pollution control and management-

Environmental monitoring & sampling, Physical, chemical and biological

methods and analysis- Air pollution- control and treatment strategies.

Modes of Biological treatment methods for wastewater- aerobic digestion,

anaerobic digestion, Anoxic digestion, the activated sludge process, Design

and modeling of activated sludge processes, Aerobic digestion, Design of a

trickling biological filter, Design of anaerobic digester.

UNIT III TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES 9

Industrial waste management- Dairy, Paper & Pulp, Textile, leather,

hospital and pharmaceutical industrial waste management, e-waste-

radioactive and nuclear power waste management- Solid waste

management.

UNIT IV BIOTECHNOLOGY TOOLS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT 9

Molecular biology tools for Environmental management, rDNA technology in

waste treatment, Genetically modified organisms in Waste management,

Genetic Sensors, Metagenomics, Bioprospecting, Nanoscience in

80

Environmental management, Phytoremediation for heavy metal pollution,

Biosensors development to monitor pollution.

UNIT V ALTERNATE ENERGY SOURCES 9

Alternate Source of Energy, Biomass as a source of energy, Biocomposting,

Vermiculture, Biofertilizers, Organic farming, Biofuels, Biomineralization,

Bioethanol and Biohydrogen, Bio-electricity through microbial fuel cell,

energy management and safety.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Chakrabarty K.D., Omen G.S., “Biotechnology and Biodegradation.”

Advances in Applied Biotechnology Series, Vol.1, Gulf Publications Co.,

London, 1st edition, 1989.

2. Metcalf, Eddy “Waste Water Engineering Treatment, Disposal and

Reuse.”, McGraw Hill, 4th edition. 2003.

3. Scragg A., “Environmental Biotechnology”., Longman, 1st edition, 1999.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Young, Murray M., “Comprehensive Biotechnology.” (Vol. 1-4) Elsiever,

1st edition, 1985.

2. Hendrick, D., “Water Treatment Unit Processes – Physical and

Chemical”. CRC Press, 1st edition, 2006.

3. Martin A.M., “Biological Degradation of Wastes.” Elsevier, 1st edition,

1991.

4. Sayler, Gray S., Robert F., James W. B., "Environmental Biotechnology

for Waste Treatment.” Plenum Press, 1st edition, 1991.

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13MB407: COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND PERSONALITY

DEVELOPMENT

L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

The course attempts to equip students with good communication

skills.

The course attempts to equip students with personality development.

To improve the technical writing skills of the students.

To improve the computing skills of the students.

Course Outcomes:

With this course the students would have acquired skills which will

enable them gain good employment opportunities coupled with good

technical skills.

Student will be able to present their research using OHP, poster and

PowerPoint.

Students will be able to write technically.

Students will be able to know about email etiquettes and computing

skills for doing research.

UNIT I PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION 9

Concept of effective communication- Setting clear goals for communication;

Determining outcomes and results; Initiating communication; Avoiding

breakdowns while communicating; Creating value in conversation; Barriers

to effective communication; Nonverbal communication- Interpreting

nonverbal cues; Importance of body language, Power of effective listening;

recognizing cultural differences.

UNIT II PRESENTATION SKILLS 12

Formal presentation skills; Preparing and presenting using Over Head

Projector, Power Point; Defending Interrogation; Scientific poster

preparation & presentation; Participating in group discussions.

82

UNIT III TECHNICAL WRITING SKILLS 12

Types of reports; Layout of a formal report; Scientific writing skills:

Importance of communicating Science; Problems while writing a scientific

document; Plagiarism; Scientific Publication Writing: Elements of a

Scientific paper including Abstract, Introduction, Materials & Methods,

Results, Discussion, References; Drafting titles and framing abstracts

UNIT IV COMPUTING SKILLS FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 12

Web browsing for information search; search engines and their mechanism

of searching; Hidden Web and its importance in scientific research; Internet

as a medium of interaction between scientists; Effective email strategy

using the right tone and conciseness

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

TEXT / REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Mohan Krishna and N.P. Singh. “Speaking English Effectively.”

Macmillan, 2003.

2. “Essential Computing Skills”, Labyrinth Learning, 1st edition, 2013.

3. William R.S., “Presentation Skills 201: How to take it to the next level

as confident, Engaging Presenter”, Outskirts press, 1st edition,2009.

13MB408: BIOREACTOR ENGINEERING L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

To acquire in depth knowledge of transfer phenomena involved in

the bioreactor.

To understand about the design and analysis of bioreactors.

To acquire knowledge in scaling up of bioreactors.

Designing and scae up of modern biotechnological processes

To design and automate processes for monitoring and control of

bioprocess variables.

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Course Outcomes:

Able to know the oxygen transfer in bioreactors and factors affecting

the mass transfer in the bioreactors.

Able to Develop processes for genetically manipulated systems

Able to analyze bioreactor design and scale up of the process.

Able to scale up the reactors based on power, mixing and geometry

similitude.

Able to develop control strategies based on bioprocess modeling

and automation

UNIT I TRANSPORT PROCESS IN BIOREACTOR 9

Gas-liquid mass transfer in cellular systems, determination of oxygen

transfer rates, mass transfer for freely rising or falling bodies, forced

convection mass transfer, Overall kLa estimation and power requirements

for sparged and agitated vessels, mass transfer across free surfaces, other

factors affecting kLa, non-Newtonian fluids, Heat transfer correlations,

thermal death kinetics of microorganisms, batch and continuous heat,

sterilization of liquid media, filter sterilization of liquid media, Air. Design of

sterilization equipment batch and continuous.

UNIT II MONITORING OF BIOPROCESSES 8

On-line data analysis for measurement of important physico-chemical and

biochemical parameters; Methods of on-line and off-line biomass

estimation; microbial calorimetry; Flow injection analysis for measurement

of substrates, product and other metabolites; State and parameter

estimation techniques for biochemical processes. Case studies on

applications of FIA and Microbial calorimetry.

UNIT III MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES 10

Recombinant cell culture processes, guidelines for choosing host-vector

systems, plasmid stability in recombinant cell culture, limits to over

expression, Modeling of recombinant bacterial cultures; Bioreactor

strategies for maxmizing product formation; Case studies on high cell

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density cultivation and plasmid stabilization methods. Bioprocess design

considerations for plant and animal cell cultures. Analysis of multiple

interacting microbial populations – competition: survival of the fittest,

predation and parasitism: LotkaVolterra model.

UNIT IV DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL

REACTORS 10

Ideal bioreactors-batch, fed batch, continuous, cell recycle, plug flow

reactor, two stage reactors, enzyme catalyzed reactions. Reactor dynamics

and stability. Reactors with non-ideal mixing. Other types of reactors-

fluidized bed reactors; packed bed reactors, bubble column reactors, trickle

bed reactors.

UNIT V SCALE UP OF REACTORS 8

Scale up by geometry similitude, oxygen transfer, power correlations,

mixing time

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Asenjo, J.A. “Bioreactor System Design”., Marcel Dekker, 1st edition,

1994

2. Schugerl, Karl “Bioreaction Engineering:”, Modeling and Control.”

Springer, 1st edition, 2000.

3. Nielsen J., “Bioreaction Engineering Principles”, Springer, 2nd edition,

2003.

4. Moser A., “Bioprocess Technology: Kinetics and Reactors.” Springer

Verlag, 1st edition, 1988.

5. Bailey J.E. and Ollis, D.F. “Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals”

2nd Edition., McGraw Hill, 1986

6. Lee, James M. “Biochemical Engineering”. PHI, 1st edition,1991.

7. Blanch,H.W. Clark, D.S. “Biochemical Engineering”. Marcel Decker,

1999

8. “Operational Modes of Bioreactors.” BIOTOL Series,

Butterworth/Heinmann/Elsevier, 1st edition, 2004.

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13MB409 : COMPUTER AIDED LEARNING OF STRUCTURE

AND FUNCTION OF PROTEINS

L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

To understand the components of the protein structure.

To familiarize students with protein structure function relationships

To introduce protein structure related databases and tools

To visualize, analyze and understand the relationship between

protein structure and function and effect of mutations.

To acquire knowledge about the engineering of proteins.

Course Outcomes:

Acquired knowledge about the components of the protein structure.

Able to retrieve sequences and structure of the proteins from the

databases

Acquired deep knowledge about the different classes of proteins and

their structure function relationships

Able to modify the proteins based on the requirements of purification

and identification.

Using computational techniques students will be better equipped in

understanding protein structure and function.

The knowledge can be utilized in designing protein engineering

experiments.

UNIT I COMPONENTS OF PROTEIN STRUCTURE 9

Introduction to Proteins, structure and properties of amino acids, the

building blocks of Proteins, Molecular Interactions and their roles in protein

structure and function, Primary Structure – methods to determine and

synthesis.

86

UNIT II PROTEIN BIOINFORMATICS 9

Protein sequence and structural databases, Multiple sequence alignment,

Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary Structure of Proteins; Sequence and

Structural Motifs; Protein folding.

UNIT III OVERVIEW OF STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL

PROTEINS

9

Classes of Proteins and their Structure Function Relationships – alpha,

beta, alpha/beta proteins, DNA-binding proteins, Enzymes, IgG, membrane

proteins.

UNIT IV PROTEIN STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION

DATABASES

9

SCOP and CATH. Evolutionary relationships and Phylogenetic Studies.

UNIT V PROTEIN MODIFICATIONS 9

Post translational modifications, Engineering of proteins, Site directed

mutagenesis, Fusion Proteins, Chemical derivatization.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Voet, D.J. and Voet J.G. “Biochemistry. “ 3rd Edition. John Wiley & Sons ,

2004

2. Branden, Carl and John Tooze. “Introduction to Protein Structure.”

Garland Publications, 2nd edition, 1999.

3. Creighton, Thomas E. “Proteins: Structures and Molecular Properties.”

W. H. Freeman, 2nd edition, 1993.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Fersht, Alan. “Structure and Mechanism in Protein Science.” W.H.

Freeman, 1st edition, 1999.

2. Holland, I.B. “ABC Proteins: From Bacteria to Man”. Academic Press,1st

edition, 2003.

3. David W., “Proteins: Structure and Functions”, Wiley, 1st edition, 2005.

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13MB410 : METABOLIC PROCESS AND ENGINEERING L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

To achieve huge strain development programs to improve the

production

To understand about the analysis and medication of metabolic

pathways.

To provide an integration and quantification approach towards

metabolism and cell physiology.

To have a deep knowledge about the cellular metabolism,

comprehensive models for cellular reactions, and regulation of

metabolic pathways

To deal with metabolic flux analysis and metabolic control analysis for

increasing the productions.

Course Outcomes:

Able to increase the production by improving the strains.

Able to analyze the metabolic pathway.

Able understand the experimental methods involved in the analyzing of

the metabolic networks.

Able to devise strategies to optimal synthesis of metabolite.

Acquired knowledge about the role of metabolic engineering for the

production of various molecules.

UNIT I METABOLIC FLUX ANALYSIS 9

Introduction to metabolic engineering, comprehensive models of cellular

reactions with stoichiometry and reaction rates; metabolic flux analysis of

exactly/over/under determined systems. Shadow price, sensitivity analysis.

UNIT II TOOLS FOR EXPERIMENTALLY DETERMINING

FLUX THROUGH PATHWAYS

9

Monitoring and measuring the metabolome, Methods for the experimental

determination of metabolic fluxes by isotope labeling metabolic fluxes using

88

various separation-analytical techniques. GC-MS for metabolic flux analysis,

genome wide technologies: DNA /phenotypic microarrays and proteomics.

UNIT III CONSTRAINT BASED GENOMIC SCALE

METABOLIC MODEL

9

Development of Genomic scale metabolic model, Insilico Cells: studying

genotype-phenotype relationships using constraint-based models, case

studies in E. coli, S. cerevisiae metabolic network reconstruction methods,

optimization of metabolic network, Identification of targets for metabolic

engineering; software and databases for genome scale modeling.

UNIT IV METABOLIC CONTROL ANALYSIS AND KINETIC

MODELING

9

Fundamental of Metabolic Control Analysis, control coefficients and the

summation theorems, Determination of flux control coefficients. Multi-

substrate enzyme kinetics, engineering multifunctional enzyme systems for

optimal conversion, and a multi scale approach for the predictive modeling

of metabolic regulation.

UNIT V CASE STUDIES IN METABOLIC ENGINEERING 9

Metabolic engineering examples for bio-fuel, bio-plastic and green chemical

synthesis. Study of genome scale model in various systems for the

production of green chemicals using software tools. Validation of the model

with experimental parameters.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Stephanopoulos, G.N. “Metabolic Engineering: Principles and

Methodologies”. Academic Press / Elsevier, 1st edition,1998.

2. Lee, S.Y. and Papoutsakis, E.T. “Metabolic Engineering”. Marcel Dekker,

1st edition, 1998.

3. Nielsen, J. and Villadsen, J. “Bioreaction Engineering Principles”.

Springer, 1st edition, 2007.

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4. Smolke C.D. “The Metabolic Pathway Engineering Handbook

Fundamentals”, 2 Volumes CRC Press/ Taylor & Francis Group, 1st

edition,2010.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Voit E.O. “Computational Analysis of Biochemical Systems: A Practical

Guide for Biochemists and Molecular Biologists”. Cambridge University

Press, 1st edition, 2000.

2. Scheper T. “Metabolic Engineering” Vol 73 (Advances in Biochemical

Engineering Biotechnology) Springer, 1st edition, 2001.

3. Cortassa,S., M.A.Aon, A.A. Iglesias and D.Llyod, “ An Introduction to

Metabolic and Cellular Engineering”. World Scientific Publishing, 2nd

edition. 2012.

4. Kholodenko, Boris N. and Hans V. Westerhoff “Metabolic Engineering in

the Post Genomic Era”, Horizon Bioscience,1st edition, 2004

13MB411 :BIOPROCESS MODELING AND SIMULATION L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

To know about the mathematical models involved in the design of the

bioreactors.

To have an idea about the models involved in the bioreactor modeling.

To understand about the dynamics involved in designing the

bioreactors.

To understand the concept of linear system analysis.

To outline the application of such modeling techniques.

Course Outcomes:

Acquired deep knowledge in the mathematical models of bioreactors.

Able to model the diffusion system in the bioreactors.

Able to analyze the functions involved in the modeling of the

bioprocess.

90

Able to analyze the stability and dynamics involved in the simulation of

the bioreactors.

Able to know about the various modeling techniques in designing the

bioreactor.

UNIT I MODELING OF BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 9

Modeling principles, model development from first principles. Modeling

approaches for biological systems – structured and unstructured systems;

Compartment models; Deterministic and stochastic approaches for

modeling structured systems.

UNIT II MODELLING OF DIFFUSION SYSTEMS (BIOFILM

AND IMMOBILIZED ENZYME SYSTEMS)

9

External mass transfer, Internal diffusion and reaction within biocatalysts,

derivation of finite model for diffusion-reaction systems, dimensionless

parameters from diffusion-reaction models, the effectiveness factor concept,

case studies; oxygen diffusion effects in a biofilm, biofilm nitrification

UNIT III MODELING BIOREACTOR 9

Bioreactor modeling: Ideal and non-ideal bioreactors; Stirred tank models;

characterization of mass and energy transfer distributions in stirred tanks,

Tower Reactor Model; Flow modeling, bubble column flow models, mass

transfer modeling, structured models for mass transfer in tower reactors,

process models in tower reactors, airlift models.

UNIT IV LINEAR SYSTEM ANALYSIS 9

Study of linear systems, linearization of non-linear systems; Simulation of

linear models using MATLAB; Parameter estimation and sensitivity analysis;

Steady state and unsteady state systems; stability analysis; Case study of

recombinant protein production.

UNIT V HYBRID AND OTHER MODELING TECHNIQUES 9

Advanced modeling techniques. Fuzzy logic, neural network, hybrid

91

systems and fuzzy logic systems; Case studies.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Bequette W., “Process Dynamics: Modeling, Analysis and Simulation”,

Prentice Hall, 1st edition, 1998.

2. Said S.E.H., Parag G., “Conservation Equations and Modeling of

Chemical and Biochemical Processes, Marcel Dekker, 1st edition, 2003.

3. Dale E.S., Duncan A.M., Thomas F.E., “Process Dynamics and

Control”, Wiley, 3rd edition, 2010.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Bequettre, B.W. “Process Dynamics, Modeling, Analysis and Simulation.”

PHI, 1st edition, 1998.

2. Said E.H., et al., “Conservation Equations and Modeling of Chemical and

Biochemical Processes”., Marcel Dekker, 1st edition, 2003.

3. Dunn I.J., “Biological Reaction Engineering: Dynamic Modeling

Fundamentals with Simulation Examples”., Wiley-VCH, 1st edition, 2003.

13MB412: PLANT BIOTCEHNOLOGY L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

To provide the students with the basic concepts in plant molecular

biology.

To acquire knowledge about the structure and function of chloroplast

and mitochondria.

To enable the students to understand the concept of plant symbiotic

association with bacteria

Outline of the principles of tissue culture and how it can be

manipulated.

To know about the applications of plant biotechnology.

Course Outcomes:

Acquired deep knowledge about the molecular biology of the

92

components in the plant cell.

Acquired deep knowledge about structure and function of the

components in the plant cell.

Able to identify the important vectors and genes involved in the

pathogenesis.

Able to engineer the metabolic pathway to increase the production of

the metabolites.

Apply to apply the techniques in developing new products.

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 9

Genetic material of plant cells, nucleosome structure and its biological

significance; transposons,; outline of transcription and translation,

alternative and trans splicing, constitutive and differentially expressed

genes in plants

UNIT II CHLOROPLAST AND MITOCHONDRIA 9

Structure, function: Light and dark reaction and genetic material; rubisco

synthesis and assembly, coordination, regulation and transport of proteins.

Mitochondria: Genome, cytoplasmic male sterility and import of proteins,

comparison and differences between mitochondrial and chloroplast

genome, chloroplast transformation

UNIT III PLANT METABOLISM AND METABOLIC

ENGINEERING

8

Nitrogen fixation, Nitrogenase activity, nod genes, nif genes, bacteroids,

plant nodulins, production of secondary metabolites, flavanoid synthesis

and metabolic engineering.

UNIT IV AGROBACTERIUM AND PLANT VIRUSES 9

Pathogenesis, crown gall disease, genes involved in the pathogenesis, Ti

plasmid – T-DNA, importance in genetic engineering. Plant viruses and

different types, Viral Vectors: Gemini virus, cauliflower mosaic virus, viral

vectors and its benefits, vectors used for plant transformation, Methods

93

used for transgene identification

UNIT V APPLICATIONS OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY 10

Outline of plant tissue culture, transgenic plants, herbicide and pest

resistant plants, molecular pharming, therapeutic products, RNAi,

Transgene silencing, ethical issues.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

TEXT / REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Grierson D., Covey, S.N.” Plant Molecular Biology.”, Blackie, 2nd edition

1988

2. Slater A et al., “Plant Biotechnology: The Genetic Manipulation of

Plants.”, Oxford University Press, 1st edition, 2003.

3. Bhojwani S.S.,” Plant Tissue Culture: Theory and practice”, Elsevier

science, 1st edition, 1986.

4. Raghvan V., “Developmental Biology of Flowering Plants” Springer, 1st

edition reprint, 2000.

5. Mantell S.H., Smith H., “Plant Biotechnology: Volume 18, Plant

Biotechnology”, Cambridge University Press, 1st edition, 1983.

6. Heldt, Hans-Walter. “Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.”

Elsevier,3rd edition,2005.

13MB413 : PLANT DESIGN AND PRACTICE L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

To acquire in depth knowledge about the design of fermenters and

other systems.

To know about the economic consideration involved in designing the

bioreactors.

To acquire knowledge about the pharmaceutical water system.

To know about the validation process of pharmaceutical system

facilities.

94

To know about the good manufacturing practices to be involved in

bioprocess and pharmaceutical industries.

Course Outcomes:

Acquired deep knowledge about the materials for the design of the

fermenters.

Able to know about the material used for constructing fermenters,

pipes and valves.

Able to understand the economics involved in design fermenter

based on the value of products produced.

Able to understand the significance of pharmaceutical facilities in the

production of the products.

Able to understand the good manufacturing practices to be followed

in each sectors of the plant

UNIT I PLANT DESIGN 12

Fermenter design, vessels for Biotechnology, piping and valves for

biotechnology, Pressure relief system. Materials of construction and

properties. Utilities for plant and their design introduction.

UNIT II PROCESS ECONOMICS 8

General fermentation process economics, materials usage and cost, capital

investment estimate, production cost estimate. Two case studies – one

traditional product and one recombinant product.

UNIT III PHARMACEUTICAL WATER SYSTEM 7

Grades of water, sanitary design, water treatment system, Water distribution

system, validation.

UNIT IV VALIDATION OF BIOPHARMACEUTICAL

FACILITIES

8

Introduction, why validation, when does validation occur, validation

structure, resources for validation, validation of systems and processes

including SIP and CIP.

95

UNIT V GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES 10

Structure – quality management, personal, premises and equipment,

documentation, production, quality control, contract manufacturing and

analysis, complaints and product recall, self-inspection. Introduction to GLP

and its principles.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

TEXT \ REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Peter, Max S. and Timmerhaus, Klaus D., “Plant Design and Economics

for Chemical Engineers”, McGraw Hill, 4th edition, 1991.

2. “A compendium of Good Practices in Biotechnology”, BIOTOL Series,

Butterworth-Heiemann, 1st edition, 1993.

3. Seiler, Jiing P., “Good Laboratory Practice: The why and How?” Springer,

1st edition, 2001.

4. Lydersen, B.K. et al., “Bioprocess Engineering: Systems, equipment and

facilities”, John-Wiley, 1st edition, 1994.

13MB414 : COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

To develop an understanding of introductory concepts in

computational fluid mechanics with emphasis on the numerical

solution of ordinary and partial differential equations and solution of

ODEs by numerical integration.

To develop an understanding of introductory concepts in

computational fluid mechanics with emphasis on finite difference and

finite volume methods for parabolic, elliptic, and hyperbolic PDEs

(techniques for single and multi-dimensional problems); numerical

linear algebra.

Ability to implement and utilize various numerical methods and basic

mathematical analysis for canonical problems in fluid mechanics.

To understand about the finite volume and finite difference methods.

96

To have an overview about the elements those are involved in design

and the bioreactors

Course Outcomes:

Students will be familiar with the general principles of computational

fluid mechanics

Students will understand the capabilities of commercial software for

design of engineering fluid systems.

Able to know about the concepts and mathematical methods involved

in fluid mechanics.

Able to know about basic numeric and difference methods involved in

the dynamics of the fluid in the bioreactor.

Able to identify the elements involved in designing the bioreactors.

UNIT I FLUID DYNAMICS 5

Introduction, Reasons for CFD. Typical examples of CFD codes and their

use. Validation strategies. Derivation of Governing Equations of Fluid

Dynamics: Mass conservation and divergence, Navier-Stokes and Euler

equations. Energy equations. Conservation formulation and finite volume

discretisation. Partial differential equations: classification, characteristic

form. PDEs in science and engineering.

UNIT II BASIC NUMERICS 10

Mathematical behavior of hyperbolic, parabolic and elliptic equations. Well

posedness. Discretization by finite differences. Analysis of discretized

equations; order of accuracy, convergence. and stability (von Neumann

analysis). Numerical methods for model equations related to different levels

of approximation of Navier Stokes equation: linear wave equation, Burgers

equation, convection-diffusion equation. First and second order numerical

methods such as upwind, Lax-Friedrichs, Lax-Wendroff, MacCormack, etc.

Modified equation - dissipation and dispersion.

97

UNIT III COMPRESSIBLE FLOW 10

Euler equations, conservative/non-conservative form. Thermodynamics of

compressible flow, scalar conservations laws: Conservation, weak

solutions, non-uniqueness, entropy conditions. Shock formation, Rankine-

Hugoniot relations. Numerical methods for scalar conservation laws.

Properties of the numerical scheme such as CFL-condition, conservation

and TVD. First order methods. System of conservations laws. Numerical

methods for Euler equations: MacCormack and artificial viscosity for non-

linear systems. Numerical/physical boundary conditions. Shock tube

problem. High resolution schemes for conservations laws. Numerical

methods for Euler equations. Boundary conditions, Riemann invariants.

Compressible flow in 2D. Numerical methods for Euler equations, cont.

Grids, algebraic mesh generation by transfinite inter-polation. Flow around

an airfoil.

UNIT IV FINITE VOLUME AND FINITE DIFFERENCE

METHODS

10

Laplace equation on arbitrary grids, equivalence with finite-differences,

linear systems: Gauss-Seidel as smothers for multi-grid. Staggered

grid/volume formulation + BC Unsteady equations: projection and MAC

method, discrete Poisson pressure equation. Time step restrictions. Steady

equations: distributive iteration and SIMPLE methods.

UNIT V FINITE ELEMENTS 10

Diffusion problem. Variational form of the equation, weak solutions,

essential and natural boundary condition. Finite-element approximations,

stability and accuracy, the algebraic problem, matrix assembly. Navier–

Stokes equations. Mixed variational form, Galerkin and FE approximations,

the algebraic problem. Stability, the LBB condition, mass conservation.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

TEXT \ REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Randall J.L., “Finite Volume Method for Hyperbolic Problems,”

Cambridge University Press, 1st edition, 2002.

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2. Hoffman K.A. and S. Chiang. “Computational Fluid Dynamics for

Scientists and Engineers.” Engineering Education System.

3. Tannehill, J.C., Anderson D.A., Pletcher R.H., “Computational Fluid

Mechanics and Heat Transfer”. CRC Press, 3rd edition, 2011.

13MB415 : CLINICAL TRIALS AND BIOETHICS L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

To provide understanding on the basic concepts of clinical trial

requirements and knowledge on documentation in health research.

To acquire deep knowledge about drug development.

To learn the principles of ethics and regulatory issues in planning and

conducting experiments with animal and human subjects.

To inculcate the understanding on the principles of clinical data

organization, management and uses thereof for scientific research.

To know about the quality check process for conducting the clinical

trials.

Course Outcomes:

Able to plan the drug development project.

Able to design the clinical trials.

Able to understand the ethical concepts and human rights involved in the

clinical trials.

Able to understand the data management process in the clinical trials.

Able to understand the concepts of the quality control to be maintained

in the clinical trials

UNIT I CLINICAL TRIALS 9

Fundamentals of clinical trials; Basic statistics for clinical trials; Clinical trials

in practice; Reporting and reviewing clinical trials; Legislation and good

clinical practice - overview of the European directives and legislation

governing clinical trials in the 21st century; International perspectives;

Principles of the International Committee on Harmonization (ICH)-GCP.

99

UNIT II DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING 9

Drug development and trial planning - pre-study requirements for clinical

trials; Regulatory approvals for clinical trials; Consort statement; Trial

responsibilities and protocols - roles and responsibilities of investigators,

sponsors and others; Requirements of clinical trial protocols; Legislative

requirements for investigational medicinal products.

UNIT III PROJECT MANAGEMENT 9

Project management in clinical trials - principles of project management;

Application in clinical trial management; Risk assessment; Research ethics

and Bioethics – Principles of research ethics; Ethical issues in clinical trials;

Use of humans in scientific experiments; Ethical committee system including

a historical overview; the informed consent; Introduction to ethical codes and

conduct; Introduction to animal ethics; Animal rights and use of animals in

the advancement of medical technology; Introduction to laws and regulation

regarding use of animals in research.

UNIT IV CONSENT 9

Consent and data protection- the principles of informed consent; Consent

processes; Data protection; Legislation and its application; Data

management – Introduction to trial master files and essential documents;

Data management.

UNIT V QUALITY CONTROL 9

Quality assurance and governance - quality control in clinical trials;

Monitoring and audit; Inspections; Pharmaco vigilance; Research

governance; Trial closure and pitfalls-trial closure; Reporting and legal

requirements; Common pitfalls in clinical trial management.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

TEXT / REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Lee, Chi-Jen; etal., “Clinical Trials or Drugs and Biopharmaceuticals.”

CRC / Taylor &Francis, 1st edition,2011.

100

2. Matoren, Gary M. “The Clinical Research Process in the Pharmaceutical

Industry.”, Marcel Dekker,1st edition, 1984.

3. Lee G.P., Mary P.W., “Foundations of Clinical Research: Application to

Practice”, Prentice Hall, 2nd edition, 1999.

13MB416 : ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

To understand the concept of host-pathogen interactions.

To understand the concept of immunological status and interactions

during infection

To understand the mechanisms of virulence in severity of infectious

diseases.

To study the history and development of vaccines and the advances in

vaccine development.

To study the life cycle and pathogenesis of various enteric pathogens.

To study the life cycle and pathogenesis of various non-enteric

pathogens.

Course Outcomes:

Students acquired knowledge about the basis of host pathogen

interactions.

The students will acquire knowledge in all aspects of host pathogen

interactions and gain knowledge in the immunological implications in

pathogenesis.

Students can acquire the knowledge of the fundamentals of microbial

toxins and their mode of action and also the host defense mechanisms

against pathogens and bacterial defense strategies.

Students will appreciate the scientific rationale involved in vaccines and

vaccine development.

Students will learn the life cycles of pathogens and mechanisms

underlying the pathogenesis of enteric and non- enteric pathogens.

101

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 5

Discovery of microscope, Molecular Koch’s postulates, Concepts of

disease, Virulence, Pathogenic cycle, Vaccines and its historical

perspective.

UNIT II HOST DEFENSE AGAINST PATHOGENS AND

BACTERIAL DEFENSE STRATEGIES

10

Skin, mucosa, cilia secretions, physical movements, physical and chemical

barriers to bacterial colonization, Mechanism of killing by humoral and

cellular defenses, Complement, Inflammatory process, Phagocytic killing,

Colonization, Adherence, Iron acquisition mechanisms, invasion and

intracellular residence, Evasion of complement, phagocytes and antibody

response.

UNIT III MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF VIRULENCE 10

Virulence, Colonization factors, Microbial toxins, Secretion systems:

General secretory pathway, Two-step secretion, Contact dependent

secretion, Conjugal transfer system and Autotransporters.

UNIT IV MECHANISMS UNDERLYING MOLECULAR

PATHOGENESIS

(COMMON ENTERIC PATHOGENS)

10

Shigella: Entry, Induction of macropinocytosis, Invasion of epithelial cells,

Intracellular motility and spread, Apoptotic killing of macrophages, Virulence

factors involved. E. coli: Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), labile & stable

toxins, Entero-pathogenic E. coli (EPEC), type III secretion, Cytoskeletal

changes, intimate attachment; Enterohaemerrohogic E. coli (EHEC),

Mechanism of bloody diarrhea and Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome,

Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC). Vibrio Cholerae: Cholera toxin, Co-

regulated pili, filamentous phage, survival.

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UNIT V MECHANISMS UNDERLYING MOLECULAR

PATHOGENESIS

(COMMON NON-ENTERIC PATHOGENS)

10

Mycobacterium tuberculosis: The Mycobacterial cell envelope, Route of

entry, Uptake by macrophages, Latency and persistence, Entry into and

survival in phagocytes, Immune response against MTB, MTB virulence

factors, Emergence of resistance. Influenza virus: Intracellular stages,

Neuraminidase and Haemogglutinin in entry, M1 &M2 proteins in assembly

and disassembly, action of amantadine. Plasmodium: Lifecycle, erythrocyte

stages, transport mechanism and processes to support the rapidly growing

schizont, parastiparous vacuoles and knob protein transport, Antimalarials

based on transport processes.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Salyers, Abigail A., “Bacterial Pathogenesis: A Molecular Approach.”

ASM, 2nd edition, 2002.

2. Groisman E.A., “Principles of Bacterial Pathogenesis”., Academic

Press, 1st edition, 2001.

3. Waksman G., Michael C., “Structural Biology of Bacterial

Pathogenesis.”, ASM, 1st edition, 2005.

4. Clark, Virginia L., “Bacterial Pathogenesis”, Academic Press, 1st edition,

1997.

5. Williams P., “Bacterial Pathogenesis (Methods in Microbiology Series)”,

Academic Press, 1st edition, 1998.

6. McClane, Bruce A.” Microbial Pathogenesis: A Principle Oriented

Approach.” Fence Creek Publications,1st edition, 1999.

7. Madigan, Michael T. “BROCK Biology of Microorganisms.” Pearson,

12th edition, 2009.

8. Maloy and Stanly. “Genetic Analysis of Pathogenic Bacteria - A Lab

Manual.”Cold Spring Harbor, 1st edition,1996.

9. Hacker J., “Molecular Infection Biology”, John Wiley, 1st edition, 2002.

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13MB417 : NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

To acquire deep knowledge in the field of nanoparticles and the

importance in biotechnology

To know about the fabrication and characterization of nanomaterials.

To understand the properties and measurements of nanomaterials.

To know about the process involved in conjugating with the

nanomaterials and their significance

To acquire knowledge about the drug delivery mechanism combined

with the nano molecules

Course Outcomes:

Able to understand the importance of nanoparticles in the field of

Biotechnology.

Able to understand the mechanism involved in the drug delivery

through nanoparticles.

Able to synthesize and characterize the nanoparticles.

Able conjugate the biomolecules with the nanoparticles.

Able to understand the techniques used in measuring the

characteristics of nano materials.

UNIT I NANOSCALE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 6

Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology; Milestones in

Nanotechnology; Overview of Nanobiotechnology and Nanoscale

processes; Physicochemical properties of materials in Nanoscales.

UNIT II FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF

NANOMATERIALS

10

Types of Nanomaterials (Quantum dots, Nanoparticles, Nanocrystals,

Dendrimers, Buckyballs, Nanotubes); Gas, liquid, and solid –phase

synthesis of nanomaterials; Lithography techniques (Photolithography, Dip-

104

pen and Electron beam lithography); Thin film deposition; Electrospinning.

Bio-synthesis of nanomaterials.

UNIT III PROPERTIES AND MEASUREMENT OF

NANOMATERIALS

9

Optical Properties: Absorption, Fluorescence, and Resonance; Methods for

the measurement of nanomaterials; Microscopy measurements: SEM, TEM,

AFM and STM. Confocal and TIRF imaging.

UNIT IV NANOBIOLOGY AND BIOCONJUGATION OF

NANOMATERIALS

10

Properties of DNA and motor proteins; Lessons from nature on making

nanodevices; Reactive groups on biomolecules (DNA & Proteins); Surface

modification and conjugation to nanomaterials. Fabrication and application

of DNA nanowires; Nanofluidics to solve biological problems.

UNIT V NANO DRUG DELIVERY AND NANOMEDICINE 10

Properties of nanocarriers; drug delivery systems used in nanomedicine;

Enhanced Permeability and Retention effect; Blood-brain barrier; Active and

passive targeting of diseased cells; Health and environmental impacts of

nanotechnology.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

TEXT / REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Niemeyer C., Chad A.M., “Nano Biotechnology: Concepts, Applications

and Perspectives,.” , Wiley-VCHtion,1stediy 2004.

2. Shoseyov O., and Ilan L., “Nano BioTechnology: Bio Inspired Devices

and Materials of the Future.”, Humana Press, 1st edition, 2007.

3. Rosenthal S.J., David W. W., “Nano Biotechnology Protocols”.

(Methods in Molecular Biology Series). Humana Press,1st edition, 2005.

4. Sharon, Madhuri et al., “Bio-Nanotechnology: Concepts and

Applications.” Ane Books, 1st edition, 2012

5. Clarke, A.R. and C.N. Eberhardt. “Microscopy Techniques for Material

Science.” CRC Press, 1st edition, 2002.

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13MB418 : RESEARCH AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY IN

BIOTECHNOLOGY

L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

To know about concept in results and analysis of research.

To know about the importance of research in biotechnology.

To understand the basic concepts in design and methodology in

research.

To understand the system, components and the materials well to exploit

in engineering and technology.

To impart the essentials of research methodologies common to any

scientific pursuit and educate in the specific aspects of research

methodologies peculiar to the biological system.

Course Outcomes:

At the end of the course the students would have got the necessary

preparation for planning of experiments with appropriate controls and

test samples, analytical capabilities for proper interpretations, ability to

differentiate between facts and artifacts, research manuscript drafting,

publication etc.

Students would have got the necessary preparation for planning of

experiments with appropriate controls and test samples.

Students would have got analytical capabilities for proper

interpretations, ability to differentiate between facts and artifacts,

research manuscript drafting, publication etc.

Students will be able to take up research career with confidence right

from the beginning and their research output would be of good quality.

Student will be able to publish the research work and protect the

intellectual property.

106

UNIT I RESEARCH AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES

(WITH EXAMPLES)

9

Objectives of research, research process – observation, analysis, inference,

hypothesis, axiom, theory, experimentation, types of research (basic,

applied, qualitative, quantitative, analytical etc). Features of translational

research, the concept of laboratory to market (bench to public) and

Industrial R&D.

UNIT II RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY – AN

OVERVIEW

9

Biological systems and their characteristic:. Type and outcome of research,

Exploratory and product-oriented research in all fields of biotechnology

(health, agri, food, industrial etc) – types of expertise and facilities required.

Interdisciplinary nature of biotech research, sources of literature for biotech

research.

UNIT III EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH: BASIC CONCEPTS

IN DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

9

Precision, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity; variables, biochemical

measurements, types of measurements, enzymes and enzymatic analysis,

antibodies and immunoassays, instrumental methods, bioinformatics and

computation, experimental planning – general guidelines.

UNIT IV RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 9

Importance and scientific methodology in recording results, importance of

negative results, different ways of recording, industrial requirement, artifacts

versus true results, types of analysis (analytical, objective, subjective) and

cross verification, correlation with published results, discussion, outcome as

new idea, hypothesis, concept, theory, model etc.

UNIT V SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PUBLICATION 9

Different types of scientific and technical publications in the area of

biotechnology, and their specifications, Ways to protect intellectual property

107

– Patents, technical writing skills, definition and importance of impact factor

and citation index - assignment in technical writing.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Marczyk, Geoffrey R. et al., “Essentials of Research Design and

Methodology.”John Wiley & Sons, 1st edition, 2005.

2. Segel, I.H. “Biochemical Calculations: How to Solve Mathematical

Problems in General Biochemistry.”, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd edition,

1976.

3. Korner, Ann M., “Guide to Publishing a Scientific Paper.” Bioscript

Press, 1st edition, 2004.

13MB419 : SENSORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR

BIOAPPLICATIONS

L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

To understand about the sensors and their applications in

biotechnology.

To understand the concepts in instrumentation and elements.

To understand the concepts and instruments used in the bioanalysis.

To have an idea about the instrumentation field in biotechnology.

To know about the application of sensors in the field of biotechnology.

Course Outcomes:

Students will be able to understand the concept of molecular interaction

in sensor instrumentation.

Students will be able to understand about the circuit elements and

measurement devices in instrumentation.

The students would understand the new dimensions and applications

of Biotechnology, especially involving instrumentation.

Able to integrate the biotechnology knowledge into other engineering

108

and technology disciplines to design and develop products, the true

purpose of technology course.

Students can be able to integrate the biosensors for the research in

biotechnology applications

UNIT I CONCEPTS IN MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS 9

Basic concepts in molecular interactions – types of forces involved

(electrostatic, H-bonding, hydrophilic and hydrophobic), characterization of

molecular recognition – affinity, avidity, binding and dissociation constants;

basic design and characterization of sensor instrumentation - precision,

sensitivity, resolution and specificity, errors and standard deviation, linear

regression analysis.

UNIT II CONCEPTS IN INSTRUMENTATION 9

Basic concepts in instrumentation: Basic concepts of circuit elements

(resistors, capacitors, conductors, diodes and transistors), Integrated

Circuits; Measurement devices: AC, DC Voltmeter, Ammeter, LCR Bridge,

Oscilloscope.

UNIT III BIOANALYSIS 9

Working principles of commonly used instrumentation in bioanalysis –

gravimetric, optical - microscopic, spectrophotometric, spectrofluorimetric,

luminometric; electrochemical; high-throughput devices: microplate

readers, biochemical autoanalyzers, thermocyclers, microarray readers.

UNIT IV SENSORS AND BIOSENSORS 9

Various types of sensors and biosensors– mass, chemical, biochemical,

optical, electrical, magnetic, electrochemical and thin film sensors;

matrices, sensor arrays, protein immobilization techniques and biosensors.

UNIT V APPLICATIONS OF SENSORS 9

Applications of sensors in agriculture, food, healthcare, environmental and

industrial Biotechnology. Practical aspects of biosensor development:

109

Fabrication of an immune biosensor and an enzymatic biosensor.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Yang, Victor C. “Biosensors and their Applications”. Kluwer Academic

/ Plenum Publishers, 1st edition, 2000.

2. Cooper, Jon., and Cass, A.E.G. “Biosensors: A Practical Approach”.,

Oxford University Press, 2nd edition, 2004.

3. Freitag, Ruth. “Biosensors in Analytical Biotechnology”., Academic

Press, 1st edition,1996.

4. Wise Donald L. “Bioinstrumentation and Biosensors”., Marcel

Dekker,1st edition, 1991.

5. Hall, E.A.H. “Biosensors”. Open University Press,1st edition, 1990.

13MB420: BIOFUELS AND PLATFORM CHEMICALS L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

The objective of this course is to give knowledge on various forms of

biofuels and production of platform chemicals using the

microorganisms.

To know about the various sources for the production of biofuels.

To know about the production of ethanol.

To understand about the production of biodiesel.

To know about the production of other important biofuels and their

significance.

To understand about the chemistry involved in the biofuel production.

Course Outcomes:

Students undertaking the course will be able to understand the

importance of biofuels and platform chemicals.

An insight will be given to students to engineer / optimize/screen the

110

organisms for the production of these from renewable sources.

Able to know about the sources of ethanol and their production.

Able to know about the sources of biodiesel and their production.

Able to understand the production of platform chemicals from

microorganisms.

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9

Cellulosic Biomass availability and its contents. Lignocellulose as a

chemical resource. Physical and chemical pretreatment of lignocellulosic

biomass. Cellulases and lignin degrading enzymes.

UNIT II ETHANOL 9

Ethanol as transportation fuel and additive; bioethanol production from

carbohydrates; engineering strains for ethanol production from variety of

carbon sources to improved productivity.

UNIT III BIODIESEL 9

Chemistry and Production Processes; Vegetable oils and chemically

processed biofuels; Biodiesel composition and production processes;

Biodiesel economics; Energetics of biodiesel production and effects on

greenhouse gas emissions Issues of ecotoxicity and sustainability with ;

expanding biodiesel production.

UNIT IV OTHER BIOFUELS 9

Biodiesel from microalgae and microbes; bio hydrogen production; bio

refinery concepts.

UNIT V PLATFORM CHEMICALS 9

Case studies on production of C3 to C6 chemicals such as Hydroxy

propionic acid, 1,3 propanediol, propionic acid, succinic acid, glucaric acid,

cis-cismuconic acid.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

111

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Lee, Sunggyu; Shah, Y.T. “Biofuels and Bioenergy”. CRC / Taylor &

Francis, 1st edition, 2013.

2. Aye D., John N., Terry W., “Biofuels Engineering Process

Technology”, McGraw Hill, 1st edition, 2008.

3. Wim S., Erik V., “Biofuels”, Wiley, 1st edition, 2009.

13MB421 : GENOMICS AND TRANSCRIPTOMICS L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

To understand about organization and structure of genomes.

To learn about techniques in mapping and sequencing of the genome.

Study about the gene annotation and expression of genes using

functional genomics approach.

To learn about the microarray technology and data analysis.

To learn about the high throughput transcriptomics analysis.

Course Outcomes:

Able to understand the structure and organization of genome.

Able to understand mapping and sequencing strategies of genomes.

Able to perform annotation and expression analysis of genomes.

Able to understand the microarray technology and analysis.

Able to apply the tools of proteomics in medicine.

UNIT I ORGANIZATION AND STRUCTURE OF GENOMES 9

General organization and structure of genomes of viruses, prokaryotes,

eukaryotes, and organelles (chloroplast, mitochondrion).

UNIT II GENOME MAPPING AND SEQUENCING 9

Isolation and cloning of genomic DNA, Genome mapping (genetic and

112

physical), STS assembly, ESTs, RAPDs, RFLPs, AFLPs, SSLPs, SNPs,

linkage analysis, Restriction mapping, FISH, Chromosome painting,

microsatellites, Gene finding, annotation, ORF and functional prediction,

Chain termination and chemical degradation sequencing methods, Whole

genome shot-gun sequencing.

UNIT III LARGE SCALE GENOMICS/ FUNCTIONAL

GENOMICS ANALYSES

9

Genome-wide association (GWA) analysis; Comparative Genomic

Hybridization (CGH); Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE);

Massively parallel Signature Sequencing (MPSS); Analysis of alteration in

gene expression by Differential Display and Suppression Subtractive

Hybridization. Introduction to Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)

technologies for genome sequencing.

UNIT IV MICROARRAY TECHNOLOGY AND ANALYSIS 9

Designing and producing microarrays; cDNA microarray technology;

oligonucleotide arrays and designs; Sample preparation, labeling,

hybridization, generation and analysis of microarray data.

UNIT V HIGH-THROUGHPUT TRANSCRIPTOMICS

ANALYSES

9

Gene Expression analysis by cDNA and oligonucleotide arrays; Methylome

analysis using microarray; ChIP-on-Chip; Bioinformatic analysis of large-

scale microarray data for comparative transcriptomics: Data normalization;

Cluster analysis; Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM); Gene

Ontology and Pathway analysis.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

REFERENCES:

1. Hunt S.P., Livesey F.J., “Functional Genomics: A practical Approach”,

Oxford University Press, 1st edition, 2000.

2. Primose, S.B., Twyman, R.M., “Principles of Genome Analysis and

113

Genomics.” Blackwell, 3rd edition,2003

3. Jensen, Frank “Genomics: The Science and Technology behind the

Human Genome Project” Wiley – VCH, 1st edition, 1999.

4. Spur N.K., Young B.D., Bryant S.P., “ICRF Handbook of Genome

Analysis.” Volume I & II., Wiley Blackwell, 1st edition,1998.

5. Gibson, G., S. V. Muse., “A Primer of Genome Science”. Sinauer, 1st

edition, 2002.

6. Reece, R.J.,” Analysis of Genes and Genomes”, John Wiley, 1st

edition, 2003

7. Suhai, S.” Genomics and Proteomics: Functional and Computational

Aspects.” Kluwer Academic/Springer,ion,1st edition, 2002

8. Muller, Hans J., Thomas R., “Microarrays”, Academic Press, 1st

edition, 2006.

9. Steve R., Lisa A.M., Roslin R.R., “Microarray Technology in Practice.”

1st edition, 2009.

10. Allison, D. B., Page G. P., Beasley T. M., and Edwards J. W. “DNA

Microarrays and Related Genomics Techniques: Design, Analysis,

and Interpretation of Experiments.” Chapman & Hall/CRC, 1st edition,

2006.

11. Pevsner J. “Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics.” Wiley

Balckwell, 2nd edition, 2009.

12. Rinaldis E. D., Lahm A., ”DNA Microarrays. “ Horizon Bioscience, 1st

edition, 2007.

13. Stekel D., “Microarray Bioinformatics.” Cambridge University Press,

1st edition, 2003.

13MB422 : PROTEOMICS AND MASS SPECTROSCOPY L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

To know about the strategies for identification and analysis of

proteins.

114

To have an overview about the types of ionization and mass

spectrometry in proteomics.

To acquire knowledge about the separation and processing of

proteins in proteomic analysis.

To have an overview about the comparative proteomic analysis.

To have an overview about the proteomics informatics.

To have an overview about the types of ionization and mass

spectrometry in proteomics

To acquire knowledge about the techniques involved in proteomics.

Course Outcomes:

The students would have gained knowledge on various areas of

proteomics including gel-based and non-gel based separation of

proteins, strategies for protein labeling and analysis of post-

translational modifications of proteins.

The students would have gained knowledge on mass-spectrometry

based sequencing and identification.

The students would have gained a deeper understanding on some of

the selected techniques.

The students would have gained a better understanding about the

comparative and proteomics analyses.

The students would have gained knowledge on proteomics

informatics.

UNIT I PROTEOMICS AND BIOLOGICAL MASS-

SPECTROMETRY

9

Over- view of strategies used for the identification and analysis of proteins;

Basics of Mass-spectrometry (MS) and bimolecular analysis; One-

dimensional (1-D) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of proteins;

Enzymatic cleavage of proteins in solution; In-gel digestion of protein bands;

Electrophoretic transfer of proteins on to membranes (PVDF).

UNIT II MASS-SPECTROMETRY IN PROTEOMICS 9

115

Common ionization methods for peptide/protein analysis (MALDI and ESI);

Principles of Time of Flight (TOF), Ion Trap (IT), Quadrupole (Q), Fourier

Transform-Ion cyclotron Resonance (FT-ICR), and Orbitrap mass

analyzers; Collision-Induced Dissociation (CID) of peptides; Introduction to

Ion detectors.

UNIT III SEPARATION AND PROCESSING OF PROTEINS

FOR PROTEOMICS ANALYSIS

9

Protein extraction from biological samples (Mammalian Tissues, Yeast,

Bacteria, and Plant Tissues); 2-DE of proteins for proteome analysis;

Difference in-gel electrophoresis (DIGE); Liquid chromatography

separations in proteomics (Affinity, Ion Exchange, Reversed-phase, and

size exclusion); Strategies for multidimensional liquid chromatography in

proteomics; Analysis of complex protein mixtures using Nano-liquid

chromatography (Nano-LC) coupled to Mass-spectrometry analysis.

UNIT IV COMPARATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE

PROTEOMICS

9

Rapid identification of Bacteria based on spectral patterns using MALDI-

TOF- MS. Comparative proteomics based on global in-vitro and in-vivo

labeling of proteins/peptides followed by Mass-spectrometry analysis: ICAT,

iTRAQ, SILAC. Analysis of Post-translational modification (PTM) of

proteins; Enrichment and analysis of phospho- and glyco- proteins;

Characterization of protein interactions using yeast two-hybrid system, Co-

immunoprecipitation followed by MS, and Protein microarrays.

UNIT V PROTEOMICS INFORMATICS 9

Identification of proteins by PMF and MS/MS data; Database search

engines for MS data analysis (Mascot, Sequest, and others); Proteomics

informatics strategies for biomarker discovery, analysis of protein functions

and pathways. Applications of proteomics (Disease diagnosis, drug

development, and plant biotechnology)

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

116

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Simpson R.J., “Proteins and Proteomics: A Laboratory Manual.” I.K.

International Pvt. Ltd, 1st edition, 2003.

2. Pennington S. R., Dunn M.J., “Proteomics: From Protein Sequence to

Function.” Viva Books, 1st edition, 2002.

3. Twyman R. M., “Principles of Proteomics.” Taylor & Francis, 1st

edition, 2004.

4. O’Connor C. D. and Hames B. D. “Proteomics” Scion Publishing, 1st

edition, 2008.

5. Dassanayake R. S., Gunawardene Y.I.N. S.” Genomic and Proteomic

Techniques.” Narosa, 1st edition, 2011.

6. Siuzdak G. “Mass Spectrometry for Biotechnology.” Academic Press,

1st edition, 1996.

7. Hoffman E. D., Stroobant V., “Mass Spectrometry – Principles and

Applications”, John Wiley& Sons, 1st edition, 2007.

8. Chapman J.R., “Mass Spectrometry of Proteins and Peptides”,

(Methods in Molecular Biology Series Vol 146), Humana, 1st edition,

2000.

9. Rosenberg I. M. “Protein analysis and Purification – Benchtop

Techniques.”, Springer, 1st edition, 2005.

10. Scopes R. K.,” Protein Purification: Principles and Practice.”,

Springer, 1st edition, 1994

11. Chibbal D., LMcLafertty L., Schena M., “Protein Microarrays.”, Jones

and Bartlett, 1st edition, 2005.

12. Smejkal G. B. and Lazarev A. V. “Separation methods in

Proteomics.” CRC Press, 1st edition, 2006.

13MB423 : COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUES IN

BIOPROCESS

L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

To acquire knowledge about basic numerical methods.

To understand about the basic concepts involved in the modeling

117

techniques of bioprocess.

To have an overview about the algebraic equation.

To have an overview about the numerical differentiation.

To know about the initial value problems in designing bioreactors.

To know about the final value problems in designing bioreactors.

Course Outcomes:

Students will be trained in MATLAB and problem solving skills.

Students will be able to identify the parameters in the equations for

bioprocess modeling and calculations.

Students will be able to solve the algebraic equations

Students will be able to solve the initial value problems.

Students will be able to solve the final value problems for designing

the bioreactors.

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO NUMERICAL METHODS 9

Computation and Error Analysis. Linear Systems and Equations: Matrix

representation; Cramer's rule; Gauss Elimination; Matrix Inversion; LU

Decomposition; Iterative Methods; Relaxation Methods; Eigen Values.

UNIT II ALGEBRAIC EQUATIONS 9

Bracketing methods: Bisection, Reguli-Falsi; Open methods: Secant, Fixed

point iteration, Newton-Raphson; Multivariate Newton’s method.

Regression and Curve Fitting, Linear regression; Least squares; Total Least

Squares; Interpolation; Newton’s Difference Formulae; Cubic Splines.

UNIT III NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION 9

Numerical differentiation, higher order formulae. Integration and Integral

Equations, Trapezoidal rules; Simpson's rules; Quadrature.

118

UNIT IV INITIAL VALUE PROBLEMS 9

ODEs: Initial Value Problems - Euler's methods; Runge-Kutta methods;

Predictor-corrector methods; Adaptive step size; Stiff ODEs.

UNIT V BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS 9

ODEs: Boundary Value Problems- Shooting method; Finite differences;

Over/Under Relaxation (SOR). PDEs: Introduction to Partial Differential

Equations.

Note:

In practical MATLAB will be used and applications of these computational

techniques in bioprocess starting from simple enzyme kinetics to parameter

estimation in bioprocess modeling will be given as examples

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

TEXT BOOKS / REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Tarun K.G., “Bioprocess Computations in Biotechnology”, Ellis

Horwood, 1st edition, 1990.

2. Hamming R.W., “Numerical Methods for Scientist and Engineers”,

Dover Publications, 2nd edition, 1987.

3. Morris T., Harris P., “ Ordinary Differential Equation for Scientist and

Engineers”, Dover Publication, 1st edition, 1987

13MB424 : ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES IN OMICS

SCIENCES

L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

To understand about the important techniques influencing the omics

sciences

119

To have an overview about next generation sequencing technologies.

To learn about the two dimensional gel electrophoresis and their

importance.

To acquire knowledge about the molecular components of microbes

and eukaryotes.

To have an overview about microarray and mass spectrometry.

Course Outcomes:

Students would have studied about the five most important technologies

and the associated techniques from the modern Omics sciences fields:

DNA microarray, protein microarray, Next generation sequencing, 2-D

gel electrophoresis of proteins, and Mass-spectrometry.

Students would have understood DNA microarray, protein microarray,

Next generation sequencing, 2-D gel electrophoresis of proteins, and

Mass-spectrometry.

Students would have understood the concept of protein microarray

Students would have understand Next generation sequencing

Students would have acquired the concept of 2-D gel electrophoresis of

proteins.

Students would have acquired deep knowledge on Mass-spectrometry.

Students would have learned how these technologies have driven the

multiples Omics Science disciplines.

UNIT I MICROARRAYS IN GENOMICS 9

Designing and producing microarrays; types of microarrays; cDNA

microarray technology; oligonucleotide arrays; Sample preparation, labeling,

hybridization, generation of microarray data. Gene Expression analysis by

cDNA and oligonucleotide arrays; ChIP-on-Chip; Bioinformatic analysis of

large-scale microarray data for comparative transcriptomics.

120

UNIT II NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING

TECHNOLOGIES

9

Introduction to Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies; Principles

of NGS by Roche/454, Illumina, Life Technologies, Pacific Biosciences, Ion

Torrent technologies; Applications of NGS to disease diagnosis and

personalized medicine.

UNIT III PROTEIN MICROARRAYS 9

Types of protein arrays; Protein microarray fabrication; Experimental

analysis of proteins arrays. Data acquisition and processing; Applications of

protein microarray types.

UNIT IV TWO-DIMENSIONAL GEL ELECTROPHORESIS OF

PROTEINS

9

Sample preparation, First-dimension IEF with IPG; Second dimensional

separation of proteins; Image analysis of 2-DE gels; Protein expression

profiling and comparative proteomics of complex proteomes using 2-DE.

UNIT V MASS-SPECTROMETRY 9

Basics of Mass-spectrometry (MS) and bimolecular analysis; Common

ionization methods for peptide/protein analysis (MALDI and ESI); Principles

of Time of Flight (TOF), Ion Trap (IT), Quadrupole (Q), Fourier Transform-

Ion cyclotron Resonance (FT-ICR), and Orbitrap mass analyzers; Collision-

Induced Dissociation (CID) of peptides; Analysis of complex protein

mixtures using Nano-liquid chromatography (Nano-LC) coupled to Mass-

spectrometry analysis; Analysis of metabolites using Gas-chromatograpgy

coupled to Mass-spectrometry; Mass-spectrometry analysis of Post-

Translational Modifications of proteins (Phosphorylation and glycosylation).

Accurate quantitation of peptides and small molecules using SRM/MRM

approach.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Schena M. “DNA Microarrays: A Practical Approach.”, Oxford

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University Press, 1st edition,2000.

2. Rinaldis E. D. and Lahm A., “DNA Microarrays.”, Horizon Bioscience,

1st edition, 2007.

3. Muller H. J. and Roder T., “Microarrays.” Elsevier/ Academic Press, 1st

edition, 2006.

4. Causton H. C., Quackenbush J., and Brazma A. “A Beginner’s Guide:

Microarray, Gene Expression Data Analysis.”, Blackwell, 1st

edition,2004.

5. Schena M. “Protein Microarrays.” Jones and Bartlett,1st edition, 2005.

6. O’Connor C. D. and Hames B. D., "Proteomics", Scion Publishing, 1st

edition,2008.

7. Hoffman E. D. and Stroobant V., “Mass Spectrometry: Principles and

Applications.”, John Wiley & Sons, 1st edition, 2007.

13MB425 : TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE

MEDICINE

L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Objectives:

To study the basics of tissue engineering and understand the concept

of engineering in therapeutics.

To acquire knowledge of the tissue architecture and composition.

To study nature and significance of stem cells and its applications.

To learn the characteristics and role of various biomaterials.

To study the clinical applications of stem cell therapy and tissue

engineering

Course Outcomes:

Students will learn and appreciate basics of tissue engineering and

role of angiogenesis and wound healing.

Students will understand the concept of biomaterials, their physical

and chemical characteristics and usage in tissue engineering.

Students will get an insight into different types of stem cells and their

applications.

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They would get an exposure to the use of tissue engineering and

stem cells in various clinical applications and injuries.

They would appreciate the versatility and potency of stem cells in

therapies especially in all the major diseases that affect humans

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9

Introduction to tissue engineering: Basic definition; current scope of

development; use in therapeutics, cells as therapeutic agents, cell numbers

and growth rates, measurement of cell characteristics morphology, number

viability, motility and functions. Measurement of tissue characteristics,

appearance, cellular component, ECM component, mechanical

measurements and physical properties.

UNIT II TISSUE ARCHITECTURE 9

Tissue types and Tissue components, Tissue repair, Basic wound healing

events, Applications of growth factors: Role of VEGF. Angiogenesis, Basic

properties, Cell-Matrix & Cell-Cell Interactions, Control of cell migration in

tissue engineering.

UNIT III BIOMATERIALS 9

Biomaterials: Properties of Biomaterials, Surface, bulk, mechanical and

biological properties. Scaffolds & tissue engineering, Types of Biomaterials,

biological and synthetic materials, Biopolymers, Applications of

biomaterials, Modifications of Biomaterials, Role of Nanotechnology.

UNIT IV STEM CELL BIOLOGY 9

Stem Cells : Introduction, Types & sources of stem cell with characteristics:

hematopoietic differentiation pathway, Potency and plasticity of stem cells,

sources, embryonic stem cells, hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells,

Stem Cell markers, FACS analysis, Differentiation,Stem cell systems- Liver,

neuronal stem cells, cancer stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells.

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UNIT V CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 9

Stem cell therapy, Molecular therapy, In vitro organogenesis,

Neurodegenerative diseases, spinal cord injury, heart disease, diabetes,

burns and skin ulcers, muscular dystrophy, orthopedic applications, Stem

cells and Gene therapy, Physiological models, tissue engineering

therapies, product characterization, components, safety, efficacy.

Preservation –freezing and drying. Patent protection and regulation of

tissue-engineered products, ethical issues.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Palsson B.O., Sangeeta N.B., "Tissue Engineering”, Pearson, 1st

edition, 2009.

2. Meyer U., Meyer T.H., HandscheJ.; Wiesmann, H.P. “.Fundamentals

of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine”, Springer, 1st

edition, 2009.

3. Bernard N. K., “Stem Cell Transplantation, Tissue Engineering, and

Cancer Applications”., Nova Science Publication, 1st edition, 2008.

4. Raphael G., Richard S., “Stem Cell-Based Tissue Repair.”,

Cambridge/RSC Publishing, 1st edition, 2011

5. R. Lanza, I. Weissman, J. Thomson, and R. Pedersen. “Handbook of

Stem Cells, Two-Volume, Volume 1-2: Volume 1-Embryonic Stem

Cells; Volume 2- Adult & Fetal Stem Cells”, Academic Press,

1stedition, 2004.

6. Lanza R., Gearhart J. et al. “Essential of Stem Cell Biology.”,

Elsevier/Academic, 1st edition, 2006.

7. Mao J.J., Vunjak N.et al.” Translational Approaches in Tissue

Engineering & Regenerative Medicine”., Artech House, INC

Publications,1st edition, 2008.