15inovaciuri ekonomika da marTva/ INNOVATIVE ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT #4, 2017

menejmenti da marketingi - MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING

anotacianaSromSi ganxilulia qveynis da qarTve­

li eris saerTaSoriso imiji kritikul zR­varze. amis mizezad migvaCnia qveynaSi moug­varebeli problemebi, iseTi, rogoricaa ekonomikis ganviTarebis, adamianis konsti­tuciuri uflebebis da infrastruqturis dabali done.

niSandoblivia, rom erisa da soflis da­susteba qveynis istoriis, tradiciebis ga­nadgurebis tolfasia. amisaTvis aucilebe­lia demografiuli viTarebis gajansaReba.demografiuli politikis erTerTi ZiriTa­di mimarTuleba unda iyos mastimulirebeli da xelSemwyobi efeqturi pirobebis Seqmna. saWiroa gansakuTrebuli yuradReba gamovi­CinoT bavSvTa sikvdilianobis Semcireba­sa da saerTod jandacvis gaumjobesebis mizniT. harmoniuli urTierTobebis dam­yareba xalxsa da saxelmwifo instituciebs Soris xels Seuwyobs qveynisa da mosaxleo­bis keTildReobis amaRlebas. yovelive es dafuZnebuli unda iyos eris tradiciul faseulobebis gaTvaliswinebaze, xalxisa da qveynis keTildReobis amaRlebis yovelmx­riv zrunvaze. qveynis ZiriTad resursad

unda iqces janmrTeli, kargad aRzrdili, ganaTlebuli, zneobrivad Camoyalibebu­li, patriotuli suliskveTebiT gamorCeu­li adamiani. qveyanaSi prioritetuli unda iyos inovaciebis danergva yvela sferoSi. amisaTvis unda moxdes inovaciebis waxal­iseba. qveyanaSi tardeba bevri konkursi axalgazrdebs Soris, iqmneba inovaciuri klubebi, ixarjeba finansebi da Sedegi isaa, rom gamorCeuli axalgazrdoba miyavT ucx­oeTSi saswavleblad, samwuxarod maTgan saukeTesoni ukan aRar brundeba, vinc brun­deba perspeqtivis gareSe rCeba, radgan aq ar xvdebaT iseTi garemo, sadac srulad gamoi­yenebs miRebul codnas.

imis gamo, rom xarvezebia ganaTlebaSi ar gvyavs kvalificiuri kadri, ikargeba ganaTlebisa da Sromisadmi interesi, mkve­Trad ecema cxovrebis done, Rrmavdeba TaobaTaSoris gaucxoeba, uaresdeba de­mografiuli mdgomareoba, imatebs uper­speqtiulobis SegrZneba, matulobs emigra­cia, xdeba erovnuli faseulobebis gada­faseba, niavdeba da gapartaxebis pirasaa misuli erovnuli simdidreebi, katastrof­ulad uaresdeba qveynis ekologia, mouv­

efeqturi inovaciuri menejmenti -

qveynis saerTaSoriso imijis gaumjobebisaken

EFFECTIVE INNOVATIVE MANAGEMENT - TO IMPROVE THE COUNTRY’S INTERNATIONAL IMAGE

Tamazi gamsaxurdia,ekonomikur mecnierebaTa akademiuri do­qtori, akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo univer­sitetis, asocirebuli profesori saqarT­velo, quTaisiTeimuraz festveniZe,teqnikur mecnierebaTa akademiuri doqto­ri, akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universite­tis asocirebuli profesori saqarTvelo, quTaisi

TAMAZI GAMSAKHURDIA,

Doctor of Economic, Associate Professor,

Akaki Tsereteli State University

Georgia, Kutaisi

TEIMURAZ PESTVENIDZE,

Academic Doctor of Technical Sciences,

Associate Professor, Akaki Tsereteli State

University, Georgia, Kutaisi

16 inovaciuri ekonomika da marTva/ INNOVATIVE ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT #4, 2017

inovaciuri ekonomika da marTva - INNOVATIVE ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT

lelobisa da araswori eqspluataciis Sede­gad gamofitulia isedac mwiri savargulebi. kolxeTis dablobSic ki SeimCneva gaudabnoe­bis sawyisi procesebi.

SevqmnaT samarTlebrivi baza imisaTvis, rom mkacrad vakontroloT investorebTan dad ebuli xelSekrulebis Sesrulebis piro­bebi. qveyanaSi yvela piroba arsebobs imisaT­vis rom gonivrulad gamoviyenoT Cven xelT arsebuli bunebrivi resursebi da efeqturi xasiaTi mivceT qveynis regionebis ganviTare­bas. qveyanaSi unda iqnas miRebuli gadamwyve­ti zomebi iseTi sakanonmdeblo bazis Seqmnisa bunebrivi resursebis racionalurad gamoy­enebis, investiciebis marTvis saqmeSi, romel­ic nakleb zians miayenebs qveynis interesebs da met sargeblobas moutans mis ekonomikur ganviTarebas.

ekonomikis aRmavlobis erTerTi mniS­vnelovani etapia axali saxeobis produqciis Seqmna, axali bazrebis diversificireba da ax­ali resursebis mobilizeba–aTviseba.ufro meti aqtiurobaa saWiro ekonomikaSi siaxlee­bis danergvisaTvis da arsebuli, jer kidev gamouyenebeli resursebis aTviseba–gaaqti­urebis saqmeSi.

qveyanaSi ganviTarebulma am da sxva nega­tiurma movlenebma uaryofiTi gavlena iqo­nia qveynis mosaxleobis cxovrebis pirobeb­ze. modunda qveynisaTvis sasicocxlo mniS­vnelobis agro­seqtorisadmi yuradReba, ro­melmac mosaxleobis didi nawili siRaribis zRvars miRma datova.

xelisuflebis erTerTi mTavari miza­ni unda iyos qveynis globaluri konkuren­tunarianobis zrda. am TvalsazrisiT jer kid ev arsebobs inovaciebisa da samecniero kvlevebis deficiti, rac ganaTlebis sistemis araefeqturma reformirebam da samecniero institutebze mizanmimarTulma Setevam da qveynidan inteleqtis gadinebam ganapiroba. amis gamo qveynis globaluri konkurentuna­rianobis indeqsi sakmaod dabalia.

sakvanZo sityvebi: inovaciuri menejmenti, resursebi, finansebi, diversificireba.

ABSTRACT

The paper deals with the international image of the country and the Georgian nation on the critical edge. The reasons are considered to be the unre-solved problems in the country such as the low lev-el of economic development, human constitutional rights and infrastructure.

It is worth mentioning that the weakening of the nation and the village is the destruction of the coun-try’s history and traditions. It is necessary to improve the demographic situation. One of the main direc-tions of the demographic policy is to create stimu-lating and facilitating effective conditions.Special at-tention should be paid to the reduction of child mor-tality and the improvement of healthcare in general. Establishment of harmonious relationship between people and state institutions will promotethe welfare of the country and its population.

All these should be based on the consideration of the traditional values of the nation, overall care of the people and the country’s well-being. The main resource of the country must be a healthy, well-edu-cated, morally formidable and patriotic spirit.

The priority of the country should be the intro-duction of innovations in all areas. There are many competitions among young people, innovative clubs are created, finances are spent and the result is that distinctive young people are taken abroad to study.

Unfortunately, the best of them do not come back anymore, who returns they are without prospects, be-cause there is no environment here where they can use their knowledge.

Because of the errors in education we do not have a qualified staff, we lose the interest of education and labor, there is the sharpest decline in living stan-dards, the deepening of alienation, the demographic situation worsens, the feeling of unconsciousness in-creases, the emigration increases, the national values are evaluated, damaged, and ruined. The national treasuresare on the critical edge. The country’s ecol-ogy is dramatically worsening, as a result of the un-explained exploitation and misuse of spoilages made a negative effect on the ground that is already blown out. Even in the Colchis Valley, the initial processes of desertification are observed.

Create a legal base in order to monitor strictly the terms of the contract with investors. There are all conditions in the country to use our natural re-

17inovaciuri ekonomika da marTva/ INNOVATIVE ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT #4, 2017

menejmenti da marketingi - MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING

sources reasonably and use the country’s regions effectively.

The decisive measures in the country should be taken to create such a legislative basis for the ratio-nal use of natural resources,in the management of investments which will damage less the interests of the country and will benefit more from its econom-ic development.

One of the most important steps for the growth of economic is the creation of new types of prod-ucts, diversification of new markets and mobilizing new resources.More activity is needed to imple-ment innovations in the economy and activate still unused resources.

These and other negative developments in the country have had a negative effect on the living conditions of the country’s population.The atten-tion of the agro-sector that is the vital importance for the country has relaxed. That left most of the population behind the poverty line.

One of the main goals of the government is to increase the global competitiveness of the country.There is still a shortage of innovations and scien-tific researches, which is caused by ineffective re-forms of the education system, deliberate attacks on scientific institutions and the intellectual drive out of the country. Because of this the index of country’s global competitiveness is quite low.

Keywords:innovation, management, resources, Fi-nance, diversification.

Cveni qveynis gadarCena – arseboba sa­ocrebas unda SevadaroT, radgan Cven qa­rTvelebad davrCiT, erTmaneTs qarTulad velaparakebiT da saqarTvelos miwawyal­ze vcxovrobT. swored im saxelovani wina­prebis damsaxurebaa, romlebic dReniadag iRwvodnen qveynisaTvis. sicocxlis fasad SeinarCunes mamuli, ena, sarwmunoeba. wi­naaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi es qveyana dRemde ver movidoda da Cven usaTuod gaviziarebdiT wina aziis, axlo aRmosavleTisa, Tu xmel­TaSua zRvis auzis im uZvelesi xalxebisa da civilizaciebis beds, romelTa dideba da saxelmwifoebrioba istoriis bnel la­birinTebSi Caikarga da Caiferfla. amitom

gvmarTebs yvelas, ersa da bers, viazrovnoT saxelmwifoebrivad, raTa gavacnobieroT is, rom sakuTari bedniereba da keTildReo­ba SeuZlebelia qveynis siZlieris gareSe.

Cvenda savalalod qveynis da qarTveli eris saerTaSoriso imiji kritikul zR­varzea. amis mizezad migvaCnia qveynaS moug­varebeli problemebi, iseTi, rogoricaa ekonomikis ganviTarebis, adamianis konsti­tuciuri uflebebis (Sromis, usafrTxoe­bis, samarTlianobis, dasvenebis, jandacvis, damsaxurebuli pensiis da sxva), da infras­truqturis dabali done. am fonze izrde­ba migracia, icleba sofeli, mTlianad re­gioni, uWirs qalaqs, qveynis demografiuli suraTi katastrofis zRvarzea, adamiane­bi kargaven perspeqtivis rwmenas da maTSi mkvidrdeba nihilizmi. TandaTan ikvreba jadosnuri wre, romlis daZlevac male Seu­Zlebeli gaxdeba.

yovelive zemoT Tqmuls adasturebs statistikuri monacemebi. 2015 welTan Se­darebiT 2016 wels Sobadoba 2680 iT, qor­wineba 4000–iT Semcirda. 1970–aTian wlebSi mosaxleobis bunebrivi mateba 76 aTass aRw­evda, maSin roca es maCvenebeli 2015 wels 10 aTass, xolo 2016 sul raRac 5 aTasamde daeca. imave wlebSi bunebrivi mateba soflad 30–40 aTasidan 359 kacamdea dasuli. Tu 2002 wels saqarTveloSi gaukacrielebuli soflebis raodenoba 143 iyo, amJamad 220–s aRemateba. 2000 wels 16 erTkomliani sofeli arsebob­da, xolo 2014 wels 39–s Seadgenda, 2002 wels 5000 kaciani soflebis raodenoba iyo 28, amJamad maTi ricxvi 12–mdea Semcirebuli. katastrofulad mcirdeba eTnikurad qa­rTveli mosaxleobis saerTo xvedriTi wili Cvens qveyanaSi. eris da soflis dasusteba qveynis istoriis, tradiciebis ganadgure­bis tolfasia. amisaTvis aucilebelia dae­mografiuli viTarebis gajansaReba, romel­ic warmoudgenelia tradiciuli, aranakleb sam Taobiani ojaxebis aRorZinebis gareSe. demografiuli politikis erTerTi ZiriT­adi mimarTuleba unda iyos mastimulire­beli da xelSemwyobi efeqturi pirobebis Seqmna. marTalia am mimarTulebiT nabijebi idgmeba, magram dRevandeli katastrofuli

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inovaciuri ekonomika da marTva - INNOVATIVE ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT

mdgomareobidan Tavis dasaRwevad es Zalze mcirea. maSin roca demografiulad ufro nakleb saSiS mdgomareobaSi myofi qveynebi solidur finansur Tu sxva saSualebebs ar iSureben amisaTvis (ara marto TavianT qveynebSi, aramed sazRvargareT mcxovrebi sakuTari diasporebisTvisac). saWiroa gan­sakuTrebuli yuradReba gamoviCinoT bavSv­Ta sikvdilianobis Semcirebasa da saerTod jandacvis gaumjobesebis mizniT (aq saubari unda iyos aramarto samedicino dazRvevaze, aramed samedicino momsaxureobisa da wam­lebis ganusazRvrelad maRal fasebze da maT dabal xarisxze). harmoniuli urTier­Tobebis damyareba xalxsa da saxelmwifo instituciebs Soris xels Seuwyobs qveynisa da mosaxleobis keTildReobis amaRlebas. yovelive es dafuZnebuli unda iyos eris tradiciul faseulobebis gaTvaliswine­baze, xalxisa da qveynis keTildReobis am­aRlebis yovelmxriv zrunvaze. am saqmeSi aqtiurad unda iyos CarTuli farTo sazo­gadoeba, mecniereba, ganaTleba, kultura, sporti, religia da sxva. qveynis ZiriTad resursad unda iqces janmrTeli, kargad aRzrdili, ganaTlebuli, zneobrivad Cam­oyalibebuli, patriotuli suliskveTebiT gamorCeuli adamiani. adamianebs axasiaTebs garemo pirobebTan adaptaciis SesaniSnavi unari, magram Znelia maT gamoiCinon es unari gauTavebeli da daumTavrebeli reforme­bis pirobebSi. miTumetes Tu es reformebi yvela sferoSi erTdroulad mimdinareobs, Tanac ise, rom aravin aanalizebs Catarebu­li reformebis efeqturobasa da mis gavle­nas adamianebisa da qveynis keTildReobis doneze. qveyanaSi prioritetuli unda iyos inovaciebis danergva yvela sferoSi. amisaT­vis unda moxdes inovaciebis waxaliseba, ax­algazrdebis metad CarTva ara marto saxel­mwifos marTvis struqturebSi, aramed war­moebisa de SemoqmedebiT saqmianobaSi. amiT SevamcirebT niWieri axalgazrdobis gadine­bas sazRvargareT da maTi niWisa da cod­nis gamoyenebas qveynisaTvis sasargeblod. qveyanaSi tardeba bevri konkursi axalgaz­rdebs Soris, iqmneba inovaciuri klubebi Tu fablabebi, ixarjeba finansebi da Sedegi

isaa, rom gamorCeuli axalgazrdoba miyavT ucxoeTSi saswavleblad, samwuxarod maTgan saukeTesoni ukan aRar brundeba, vinc brun­deba perspeqtivis gareSe rCeba, radgan aq ar xvdebaT iseTi garemo, sadac srulad gamoi­yenebs miRebul codnas.

imis gamo, rom xarvezebia ganaTlebaSi ar gvyavs kvalificiuri specialistebi, ar gvyavs specialisti ar sruldeba samuSao, ar sruldeba saqme ikargeba ganaTlebisa da Sromisadmi interesi, mkveTrad ecema cxovrebis done, Rrmavdeba TaobaTa Soris gaucxoeba, uaresdeba demografiuli md­gomareoba, imatebs uperspeqtiulobis Seg­rZneba, matulobs emigracia, iyideba Seno­ba–nagebobebi da miwis nakveTebi ZiriTadad ucxo qveynis moqalaqeebze, xdeba erovnuli faseulobebis gadafaseba, niavdeba da ga­partaxebis pirasaa misuli erovnuli sim­didreebi, tyeebi, mdinareebi, wiaRiseuli, katastrofulad uaresdeba qveynis ekolo­gia, mouvlelobisa da araswori eqspluata­ciis Sedegad gamofitulia isedac mwiri sa­vargulebi. kolxeTis dablobSic ki SeimCne­va gaudabnoebis sawyisi procesebi.

qveyanam uari ar unda Tqvas garedan Se­mosul investiciebze. piriqiT saWiroa rac SeiZleba meti investiciebi movizidoT, ma­gram aucilebelia meti goniereba gamovi­CinoT, roca saqme exeba erovnul faseu­lobebs da strategiul obieqtebs, ar davx­arbdeT erTjerad mogebas, ar wamovegoT momxveWeli ucxoelis ankess, ar gadavay­oloT qveynis resursi viRac erTi korum­pirebuli gaumaZRari Cinovnikis madas. Tu Cven efeqturad ver viTvisebT bunebriv resursebs, is mainc unda movaxerxoT, rac SeiZleba meti materialuri mogeba mivi­RoT, bunebaze da ekologiaze naklebi zian­is miyenebiT. aseve unda CavdoT investor­Tan xelSekrulebaSi adgilobrivi kadre­bis dasaqmebis, bunebrivi, ekologiuri, Tu istoriuli Zeglebis dacvis moTxovnebi da SevqmnaT samarTlebrivi baza imisaTvis, rom mkacrad vakontroloT xelSekrulebis Sesrulebis pirobebi. rac mTavaria, inves­torebTan xelSekrulebebi SeiZleba iyos grZel vadiani da ara uvado. samwuxarod

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menejmenti da marketingi - MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING

Cveni qveynis “mesveurebs” da Tanamdebo­bis pirebs saerTo–saxalxo simdidre Ta­vianT sakuTrebad miaCniaT da licenziebs gascemen ucxour Tu Sinaur invevestorze ise, rom xalxs araferi ergeba am qonebidan da Cven, am qveynis moqalaqeebi, imaze ufro Zvirad vyidulobT Cvenive qonebas, vidre is ucxoeTSi iyideba. Tu ase gagrZelda mi­viRebT imave Sedegs rac dagvrCa sabWoTa memkvidreobidan. maSinac, im ganukiTxaobis periodSi, udierad movepyariT im mcired­sac, rac sabWoeTis samarTalmemkvidre ruseTma dagvitova. qonebis sanacvlod mi­viReT e.w. vauCerebi, romlebic kapikebad SeiZines, an ufasod miiTvises yofilma Ci­nosnebma. gamdidrdnen dabali Cinis mqone rusi samxedroebi, romlebic CvenTvis kuT­nil samxedro teqnikasa Tu sawvav–sapox ma­salebSi fuls gvaxdevinebdnen. Tu ukrain­asa da sxva yofil sabWoTa respublikebs ergoT TavianTi qvotebiT gamoyofili samx­edro teqnika, Cven Cveni wilis 10%–ic ver SevinarCuneT. paradoqsia magram faqtia, saqarTvelo, sazRvao qveyana, romelsac sabWoTa sazomiT ori didi, foTisa da ba­Tumis, porti gaaCnda, darCa ramdenime er­Teuli TevzsaWeri gemis amara. im qvotidan kuTvnili gemebi jarTis fasad gaiyida TiTqosda amortizirebisa da uvargiso­bis gamo. am dros cnobilia, rom zogierTi maTgani, mcireodeni SekeTebisa da modern­izaciis Semdgom, exlac dacuraven da mo­gebas aZleven axal mflobelebs. qveyanas gaaCnda mcire gemTmSenebeli­SemkeTebe­li, tankmSenebeli, saaviacio (TbilisSi da quTaisSi) qarxnebi. maTi SenarCunebiT qvey­nis TavdacviTunarianoba ufro maRalefeq­turi da Semosavlebis momtanic iqneboda, radgan Cven samxreTeli mezobeli qveynebis umetesobas sabWoTa iaraRi sakmaod hqon­daT da maTi SekeTeba, marto geografiuli siaxlovis gamo, ufro iafi daujdebodaT, CvenTvis ki udidesi Semosavlebis wyaro iqneboda. amasTan iZulebuli iqneboda saxelmwifo an Tundac kerZo mflobeli te­qnologiebi gaeumjobesebina da sxva axali produqciis gamoSvebaze ezruna. es Tavis mxriv ganaviTarebda warmoebas, gazrdida

samuSao adgilebis raodenobas, Seamcireb­da qveyanaSi krizisis saSiSroebas.

qveyanaSi yvela piroba arsebobs imisaT­vis rom gonivrulad gamoviyenoT Cven xelT arsebuli bunebrivi resursebi da efeqturi xasiaTi mivceT qveynis regionebis ganvi­Tarebas. cxadia, rom wina saarCevno period­Si didi dapirebebi keTdeba, magram Sedegis momcemi jer­jerobiT arcerTi ar gamoCe­nila.

am da mravali sxva, qveynisaTvis saWir­boroto mniSvnelobis, Secdomebisa Tu gadaxvevebis gaTvaliswinebiTa da axlis ar daSvebis mizniT qveyanaSi unda miRebuli iqnas gadamwyveti zomebi iseTi sakanonmde­blo bazis Seqmnisa bunebrivi resursebis racionalurad gamoyenebis, investiciebis marTvis saqmeSi, romelic nakleb zians miay­enebs qveynis interesebs da met sargeblo­bas moutans mis ekonomikur ganviTarebas.

ekonomikis aRmavlobis erTerTi mniS­vnelovani etapia axali saxeobis produqci­is Seqmna, axali bazrebis diversificireba da axali resursebis mobilizeba–aTvise­ba, romelic yovelTvis did dividendebs iZleva. amitom ufro meti aqtiurobaa saW­iro ekonomikaSi siaxleebis danergvisaT­vis da arsebuli, jer kidev gamouyenebeli resursebis aTviseba–gaaqtiurebis saqmeSi. saqmiani adamianebi siaxleebis danergvam­de specialistebs kvlevebs ukveTaven da did Tanxebsac xarjaven am saqmeSi momava­li mogebis miRebis imedad. CvenTan rogorc yovelTvis yvelaferi piriqiTaa. arsebobs mecnieruli kvlevebi unikaluri qarTuli wylis resursisa, romelsac investori ra­tomRac ar gamouCnda. am kvlevis mixedviT saqarTvelos gaaCnia Zvirfasi bunebrivi resursi mtknari wylis saxiT. qveyanaSi wy­lis maragi uSretia (da aseTad darCeba, Tu saTanadod gavufrTxildebiT bunebas), amasTan sxva bunebrivi simdidreebisagan (navTobi, gazi da sxva madneuli wiaRiseu­li) gansxvavebiT aRdgenadia. bunebis aseT saCuqars verc vafasebT da verc viyenebT. samwuxaroa rom XXI saukuneSi, Cvens qvey­anaSi yoveli arCevnebis win mTavrobebis danapirebSi pirvel adgilzea dapireba 24

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inovaciuri ekonomika da marTva - INNOVATIVE ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT

saaTiani an saerTod sasmeli wyliT uz­runvelyofis Sesaxeb, es maSin roca Cven gagvaCnia resursi vawarmooT dRe–RameSi 26 miliardi litri maRal xarisxiani sasmeli wyali, anu dedamiwis mosaxleobis sadRe–Ramiso moTxovnilebaze (17,5 mil. litri) meti. aq saubaria ara marto ubralod mt­knar wyalze, romelic saocneboa dedamiwis 7 miliardiani mosaxleobidan 4,5 miliardi­saTvis, aramed unikaluri Tvisebebis mqone, sxvadasxva mineralizaciiT gamorCeul sam­kurnalo–mineralur wylebzec. imave kv­levebiT dgindeba, rom dabalmineralize­buli sasmeli wyali miwis xuTsarTulovan bunebriv SreebSi ifiltreba da dedamiwis zedapirze mza produqtis saxiT amoedine­ba. gasakviri araa, rom legendebSi qarTul wyals ukdavebis wylad moixsenieben. sam­wuxaroa da uyairaTobis Tu uniaTobis mag­aliTia, hqondes dRe–RameSi 26 miliardi litri wylis resursi, roca moTxovnilebis dasakmayofilebad msoflios 12 miliardi litris deficitis Sevseba sWirdeba. yovel­gvari gadaWarbebis gareSe saqarTvelos SeuZlia 50 miliardi litri wyali gaitanos saerTaSoriso bazarze, rac biujets mniS­vnelovnad gazrdis (zogierTi gaTvlebiT 4,5 miliardi dolariT).

cnobilia, rom adamianis organizmi Sei­cavs 90%­mde wyals. sicocxlis unariano­bis SenarCunebisaTvismisTvisaucilebeli­adRe­RameSi 3­6 litriwyalimiiRos. wylis­bevrad meti raodenobaa saWiro sanitaruli da sameurneo­yofiTi moTxovnilebisaTvis. mosaxleobis mier wylis moxmareba epidemi­ologiuri TvalsazrisiT unda iyos uxif­aTo. wyali ar unda Seicavdes infeqciuri daavadebebis gamomwvev mikrobebs da vi­rusebs. wylis epidemiologiur usafrTx­oebas uzrunvelyofs Camdinare wylis bi­ologiuri wmenda, sasmeli wylis gausne­bovneba, wyalsatevebis sanitarul dacva da sxv. rogorc iuneskos monacemebidan irkve­va, msoflioSi yovelwliurad 250 milioni adamiani iRupeba sasmeli wylis defici­tis an uxarisxo wylis moxmarebis mizeziT. saerTaSoriso organizaciebis prognoziT, ramdenime weliwadSi, mtknari wylis msof­

lio resursis Semcirebis gamo 4 miliardi adamiani darCeba fiziologiuri saWiroe­bisaTvis aucilebeli wylis minimumis ga­reSe. aRniSnuli problemebis gadawyvetis saqmeSi saqarTvelom udavod unda SeiZinos maRali xarisxis mqone bunebrivi sasmeli wy­lis mwarmoebeli da mimwodebeli, erT­erTi mniSvnelovani qveynis funqcia.

wyali aris is upirvelesi sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis kvebis produqti, romlis ga­reSec kacobriobis arseboba warmoudgene­lia, amitom TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSi am mx­riv met­naklebi problemebi arsebobs. Cvens qveyanaSi wyali bunebis mier naboZebi RvTi­uri Zalaa, romlis mimarT araerTi miTi Tu legendebi arsebobs.

unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelo mdidar­ia mdinareebiT (26060), romelTa saerTo sigrZe 60 aTas km­s aRwevs, tbebiT (850) ro­melTa moculoba 0.5 mln m3­s aRemateba da wyalsacavebiT (44) wylis zedapiris saer­To farTobi 163 km2­ia. CvenSi myinvarebis ricxvi 786 aRwevs, xolo saerTo farTobi — 555.88 km²­s. saqarTveloSi, aseve, mravladaa CanCqerebi. is gvxvdeba samegreloSi (oCx­omuris, abaSisa da tobas), afxazeTSi (gegis, kliCis), yazbegis raionSi (arSis, gveleTis), kaxeTSi (lagodexis) da sxv.

sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdgomi wlebis statistikurma monacemebma dagvanaxa, Tu rogor moiSala da ganadgurda agro­se­qtoris iseTi wamyvani dargebi rogoricaa meCaioba, mecitruseoba, mexileoba, dafnis warmoeba, meTxeoba da mravali sxva sasi­cocxlod mniSvnelobis dargebi, romelTa xvedriTi wili agro­seqtoris mTlian Sida produqciaSi sakmaod didi iyo. Zirfesvi­anad ganadgurda arsebuli jer kidev var­gisiani teqnika, romelic jarTad aqcies. privatizaciis Sedegad pirvel etapze Sen­arCunebuli unda yofiliyo sawarmoebis 20­30% mainc, romelsac SeeZlo ewarmoebina is saWiro produqti, romelic uzrunvelyof­da mosaxleobis moTxovnilebebis dakmayo­filebas Sida bazarze, amis nacvlad Sida ba­zris kari farTod gavuReT mdare xarisxis, magram iaffasian genmodificirebul impor­tirebul saqonels.

21inovaciuri ekonomika da marTva/ INNOVATIVE ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT #4, 2017

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saqarTveloSi damoukideblobis ga­mocxadebis dRidan Tavi iCina sabWoTa men­talurma damokidebulebam saqmisadmi. xe­lisuflebaSi da sawarmos mmarTvelobaSi mokalaTdnen Zveli partiuli da sameurneo nomenklatura, romlebic inerciiT, sabWo­Ta meTodebiT ganagrZobdnen marTvas. amas Tan erToda uamravi subieqturi Tu obi­eqturi, Sinagani da gare problemebi, ra­mac didi daRi daasva qveynis ganviTarebas. mmarTveli elita SeCveuli iyo zemdgomi organoebis direqtivebis usityvo Ses­rulebas da maTi warmatebuloba dakavSire­buli iyo imasTan, Tu rogor moaxerxebdnen gamoyofili fondebis droze mopovebasa da aTvisebas, xolo Semsruleblebi mTlianad damokidebuli iyvnen xelmZRvanelobaze da sruliad inertulad da yovelgvari mo­tivaciis gareSe, formalurad asrulebda samuSaos. yvelas, dawyebuli damlageblidan warmoebis xelmZRvanelamde, sazrunavi iyo rac SeiZleba meti materialuri faseulo­ba wamoeRo sawarmodan. es CvenSi, xolo aR­mosavleT evropis socialistur qveynebSi ufro meti doziT iyo ganviTarebuli kerZo sakuTreba (ungreTSi, poloneTSi, Cexoslo­vakiaSi), ramac dadebiTi roli iTamaSa am qveynebSi mcire da saSualo biznesis ganvi­TarebaSi. igive gzas daadga baltiispireTis yofili sabWoTa respublikebi. roca ssr ka­vSirSi “gardqmnis” periodSi dauSves koop­erativebis Seqmna, Tu CvenSi umetes wilad savaWro da ufro naklebad momsaxureobisa da kidev ufro naklebi samewarmeo kooper­ativebi iqmneboda, baltiispireTSi masi­urad yalibdeboda samrewvelo da sasof­lo­sameurneo sawarmoebi. im periodSi maTi moqalaqeebis sabanko Tu naRdi fuladi da­nazogebi ixarjeboda manqana­danadgarebisa sxvadasxva daniSnulebis teqnikis SeZenaze, Cveni moqalaqeebis milionobiT danazoge­bi ki “Semnaxvelma bankma” STanTqa. es Tanxa dakarga mosaxleobamac da saxelmwifomac, radgan misi saSinao valad asaxvaze didi brZola mimdinareobs dResac. aRsaniSnavia agreTve isic, rom sabWoTa Caketili meur­neobidan droze ver ganxorcielda sagareo bazarze orientirebul, Tanamedrove msof­

lio meurneobis ganviTarebis ZiriTadi tendenciad da saerTaSoriso biznesis gan­viTarebis ekonomikuri safuZvlad miCneul “Ria ekonomikaze” gadasvla. samwuxarod, dRes­dReobiT Cveni qveynis CarTuloba globalizaciis procesSi mxolod natosa da evrostruqturebisaken ltolvaSi ga­moixateba da am dros importis saxiT upi­ratesad mza produqti Semoedineba, xolo eqsportiT resursebi gaedineba.

qveyanaSi ganviTarebulma am da sxva nega­tiurma movlenebma uaryofiTi gavlena iqo­nia qveynis mosaxleobis cxovrebis pirobeb­ze. modunda qveynisaTvis sasicocxlo mniS­vnelobis agro­seqtorisadmi yuradReba, romelmac mosaxleobis didi nawili siR­aribis zRvars miRma datova. iwyeba umuSev­robis, uimedobis jer­jerobiT dausrule­beli procesi ­ mosaxleobis didi nawili tovebs sofels, legalurad Tu aralega­lurad miemgzavreba sazRvargareT luk­ma­puris saSovnelad, iq ki, xSir SemTxvevaSi qarTveli kacis imedebi kraxiT mTavrdeba.

xelisuflebis erTerTi mTavari mizani unda iyos qveynis globaluri konkuren­tunarianobis zrda. am TvalsazrisiT jer kidev arsebobs inovaciebisa da samecnie­ro kvlevebis deficiti, rac ganaTlebis sistemis araefeqturma reformirebam da samecniero institutebze mizanmimar Tulma Setevam da qveynidan inteleqtis gadinebam ganapiroba. msoflio ekonomikuri forumis mier gamoqveynebuli monacemebiT, qveynis globaluri konkurentunarianobis indeqsi sakmaod dabalia. amis mizezad da saqarTve­los erT­erT umTavres problemad samuSao Zalis dabal kompetencia saxeldeba. amas emateba proteqcionizmi, nepotizmi, naTe­saobrivi Tu megobruli klanebis arseboba.

sabWoTa respublikebs Soris saqarTvelo erT­erTi mowinave iyo mosaxleobis cxovre­bis doniT, axla ki, msoflio ekonomikuri forumis angariSis mixedviT, saqarTvelo Tavisi konkurentunarianobis reitingiT 131 qveynidan oTxmocdameaTe adgilzea, xolo 2010 wlisaTvis erT sul mosaxleze gaTvlili mTliani Sida produqtis realu­ri moculobiT 1990 wlis maCvenebels 25%­iT

22 inovaciuri ekonomika da marTva/ INNOVATIVE ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT #4, 2017

inovaciuri ekonomika da marTva - INNOVATIVE ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT

CamorCeba, rac mas yofil sabWoTa qveynebs Sorisac arasaxarbielo maCveneblebiT ga­moarCevs. magaliTad, amave periodSi es­toneTSi zrdam Seadgina 63%, latviaSi 24%, somxeTSi 66%, azerbaijanSi­87%. mSp saqarT­veloSi 1997 wlidan 2003 wlis CaTvliT gaiz­arda 70%­iT, xolo 2004 wlidan 2009 wlis CaTvliT mxolod 36%­iT; bolo wlebis gan­mavlobaSi gaizarda mTliani Sida produq­tis moculoba, magram realuri ekonomiku­ri ganviTareba ver moxda. zrdis stimuli­rebisaTvis didi raodenobiT krediti iqna aRebuli, gaizarda sagareo valdebulebebi da gasxvisda strategiuli mniSvnelobis saxelmwifo qoneba. permanentulad uares­deba viTareba dasaqmebaSi, izrdeba umuSev­roba da kritikul niSnuls miaRwia farul­ma umuSevrobam. oficialuri statistikiT soflis mcxovrebi TviTdasaqmebulebs mie­kuTvnebian, amitom soflad statistikuri monacemebiT umuSebrobis 6,5%­iani maCven­ebeli gvaqvs, maSin roca es maCvenebeli 27% mdea. statistikas Tu moviSveliebT, saqarT­veloSi daqiravebulTa raodenoba 600 000 ar aRemateba, xolo TviTdasaqmebulTa raode­noba milionze metia. amaTgan 50% soflis mcxovrebia. mniSvnelovania, rom 15 welia arc soflis meurneoba viTardeba teqnolo­giurad da arc ekonomikis sxva seqtorebSi iqmneba axali samuSao adgilebi. amasTan ukve mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi mkveTrad Camoy­alibda saqarTvelodan sxvadasxva qveynebSi samuSao Zalis gadinebis saxifaTo tende­

cia. gasuli samuSao Zalis absoluturi um­ravlesoba dakavebulia dabalkvalificiu­ri, dabalanazRaurebadi SromiT da Zalian mcire nawilia maRalkvalificiur samuSao adgilebze.

Cveni qveyana aravis mona ar unda iyos, qarTveli xalxi yovelTvis gmiruli su­liskveTebiT gamoirCeoda, dRes ki yvela juris vai konsultatebisa Tu gulSemat­kivrebis miTiTebebis, romelTac rCeve­bis formiT niRbaven, savaldebulod aR­srulebis poligonad viqeciT. oRond ucx­oels moewonos da ar ewyinos, Cveni Cinovni­kebi aras dagideven erovnuli interesebis xelyofasac ki.

qveyana moigebs maSin, roca arCeviT da daniSnul Tanamdebobebze xelisuflebis sxvadasxva StoebSi iqnebian patriotuli suliskveTebiT gulanTebuli da amasTanave kargi warsulis, reputaciisa da maRali kvalifikaciis mqone specialistebi. saqa­rTvelos mosaxleobas meti saSualebebi unda hqondes akontrolos sajaro moxelee­bi, SeeZloT maTi gamowveva arCeviTi orga­noebidan da uRirsebis ganTavisuflebis moTxovna dakavebuli Tanamdebobebidan. maSin mavansa da mavans aRar eqneba ltolva didi Tanamdebobisaken, gamorCeuli priv­ilegiebisa da ganusazRvreli uflebebis misaRebad, movaleobebis Sesrulebis ugul­velyofiT. amiT xalxis­neba survilebi metad dakmayofildeba da qveyanac ufro swrafad da mizanmimarTulad ganviTardeba.