DME S-002-2011 - Lecture 13

MENA Regional Water Outlook Desalination Using CSP

Massimo Moser, DLR

DME - SeminarDesalination and Renewable Energies

May 4th – 5th, 2011Berlin, Germany

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DME S-002-2011 – Lecture 13MENA Regional Water OutlookDesalination Using CSP

MENA Regional Water Outlook

Project supported by the World Bank

In collaboration with Governments in the MENA Countries

Objective: review of desalination potential in combination with renewable energies (CSP in particular) in the region as alternative water supply

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DME S-002-2011 – Lecture 13MENA Regional Water OutlookDesalination Using CSP

Presentation overview

1. Applied Methodology

2. Typical CSP and Desalination Plants

3. CSP Potential Assessment

4. The Scope of CSP in the MENA Region• Electricity Supply Scenario• Water Supply Scenario

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DME S-002-2011 – Lecture 13MENA Regional Water OutlookDesalination Using CSP

Methodology Water Supply Scenario

CSP Potential in MENA

Water Supply Scenario for MENA

Configuration oftypical

CSP + CSP plants

Model Parameters- Replacement of old desalination

plants- Maximum growth rates

of renewable energy technologies- …

Potential of other renewable energies

in MENA

Water DemandModel

(by Future Water)

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DME S-002-2011 – Lecture 13MENA Regional Water OutlookDesalination Using CSP

CSP Technology Overview

www.dlr.de/desertec

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DME S-002-2011 – Lecture 13MENA Regional Water OutlookDesalination Using CSP

Source: IWMI 2006

Global Water Scarcity

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DME S-002-2011 – Lecture 13MENA Regional Water OutlookDesalination Using CSP

Global Potential for Concentrating Solar Power

Source: REACCESS 2009

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DME S-002-2011 – Lecture 13MENA Regional Water OutlookDesalination Using CSP

Renewable energies for desalination: why CSP?

Wind Power Photovoltaic CSP

Desalination plants require continuous operation

This conflicts with the intermittent nature of renewable energies

Storage of electricity is expensive

CSP offers the option of thermal energy storage

Hybrid operation is possible in the same power block (no “shadow power plant” required)

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DME S-002-2011 – Lecture 13MENA Regional Water OutlookDesalination Using CSP

Analyzed Configurations

Desalination 100,000 m3/dayGross Power 110 – 120 MWOperation Base load (8,000 hours/y)Thermal Storage SM 2 (7.5 hours full load operation)

Locations 1) Mediterranean Sea / Atlantic Ocean2) Red Sea / Indian Ocean3) Arabian Gulf

Configurations 1) CSP+MED (coast site)2) CSP/once-through-cooling + RO (coast site)3) CSP/dry-cooling (inland site) + RO4) CSP/dry-cooling/solar-only (inland) + RO (back-up from grid)

DNI 1) 2,000 kWh/m2/year coast site + 2,400 kWh/m2/year inland site 2) 2,400 kWh/m2/year coast site + 2,800 kWh/m2/year inland site

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DME S-002-2011 – Lecture 13MENA Regional Water OutlookDesalination Using CSP

CSP - MED

Pre-treatment

MED

G

1

Sea

2 3 4 14

73 °C0,35 bar

377 °C16,5 bar

377 °C100 bar

Water intake

Brine discharge

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DME S-002-2011 – Lecture 13MENA Regional Water OutlookDesalination Using CSP

CSP coast - RO

Re-heater

Steam Turbine

Permeate

Brine

Pre-treatment

Once-ThroughCooling

G

SeaRO

Water intake

Brine discharge

377 °C100 bar

40 - 50 °C

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DME S-002-2011 – Lecture 13MENA Regional Water OutlookDesalination Using CSP

Investment Cost

CSP/MED CSP/once-through-cooling/RO

= 651.8 Mio. €

= 672.5 Mio. €

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DME S-002-2011 – Lecture 13MENA Regional Water OutlookDesalination Using CSP

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

110%

120%

TurbineEfficiency

Internal El.Consumption

Required LandArea

LEC

MED/CSPRO/CSP + Once-Through CoolingRO/CSP + Dry CoolingRO/CSP + Dry Cool. + Solar Only

Comparison of Configurations

Assumptions: Location: Arabian Gulf; DNI: 2,400 kWh/m2/y; Fuel: HFO

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DME S-002-2011 – Lecture 13MENA Regional Water OutlookDesalination Using CSP

CSP Potential in MENA Methodology:

I. Solar Resource Assessment II. Land Resource Assessment

III. CSP Potential IV. Statistical EvaluationTechnical CSP Potential in MENA - Case Total

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DNI [kWh/m²/y]

Elec

trici

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oten

tial [

TWh/

y]

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DME S-002-2011 – Lecture 13MENA Regional Water OutlookDesalination Using CSP

CSP Potential in MENA Land Resource Assessment:

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DME S-002-2011 – Lecture 13MENA Regional Water OutlookDesalination Using CSP

CSP Potential in MENA CSP Potential Map

Combining data from solar resource assessment and land resource assessmentResults: Annual sum of DNI on areas which are suitable for CSP power plants

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DME S-002-2011 – Lecture 13MENA Regional Water OutlookDesalination Using CSP

CSP Potential in MENA Input for Electricity and Water Supply Scenarios

CSP potential for electricity generation of each MENA country

Technical Potential [TWh/y]

Economical Potential [TWh/y]

Technical Potential [TWh/y]

Economical Potential [TWh/y]

[DNI > 1800 kWh/m²/y] [DNI > 2000 kWh/m²/y] [DNI > 1800 kWh/m²/y] [DNI > 2000 kWh/m²/y]Algeria 135823 135771 0.3 0Bahrain 16 16 9 9Djibouti* 372 300 0 0Egypt 57143 57140 74 74Gaza Strip & Westbanks 8 8 0 0Iran* 32597 32134 267 267Iraq 27719 24657 0 0Israel 151 151 2 2Jordan 5885 5884 0 0Kuwait 1372 1372 18 18Lebanon 5 5 0 0Libya 82727 82714 135 132Malta 0 0 0 0Morocco 8463 8428 15 15Oman 15460 14174 84 84Qatar 696 555 56 43Saudi Arabia 76318 75832 152 152Syria 9616 8449 1 1Tunisia 5762 5673 58 49United Arab Emirates 493 447 15 15Yemen 11432 8486 108 104Total 472057 462196 995 964

Total Coast

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DME S-002-2011 – Lecture 13MENA Regional Water OutlookDesalination Using CSP

Power Scenario Methodology

1. power demand from 2000 to 2050

2. economic renewable energy potential for power generation

3. life cycle of old power plants opens opportunity for replacement

4. share of power technologies on firm capacity 125% availability

5. performance (load factor) of each technology

6. sustainable: secure, inexpensive, compatible

7. well balanced mix of fluctuating and storable sources

8. no technical break through required

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DME S-002-2011 – Lecture 13MENA Regional Water OutlookDesalination Using CSP

Algeria 0.5 4.7 12.3 135771 35.0 20.9Bahrain 0.0 0.0 0.2 16 0.1 0.5Djibouti 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 1.0 50.0Egypt 50.0 25.7 14.1 57140 125.0 54.0Gaza & WB 0.0 0.0 1.7 8 0.5 20.0Iran 48.0 11.3 23.7 32134 12.0 54.0Iraq 67.0 0.0 8.8 24657 20.0 34.6Israel 7.0 0.0 2.3 151 0.5 6.0Jordan 0.1 0.0 1.6 5884 5.0 6.7Kuwait 0.0 0.0 0.8 1372 n.a. 3.8Lebanon 1.0 0.0 0.9 5 1.0 5.0Libya 0.0 0.0 1.8 82714 15.0 7.8Malta 0.0 0.0 0.1 0 0.2 0.2Morocco 4.0 10.0 14.3 8428 35.0 17.0Oman 0.0 0.0 1.1 14174 8.0 4.1Qatar 0.0 0.0 0.2 555 n.a. 1.5Saudi Arabia 0.0 70.9 10.0 75832 20.0 20.8Syria 4.0 0.0 4.7 8449 15.0 17.3Tunisia 0.5 3.2 3.2 5673 8.0 3.7UAE 0.0 0.0 0.7 447 n.a. 9.0Yemen 0.0 107.0 9.1 8486 3.0 19.3Total 182 233 111 462196 304 356

Wind PV *Hydro Geo Bio CSP

Renewable Power Generation Potential by Sources in TWh/y

Source: www.dlr.de/tt/med-csp

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DME S-002-2011 – Lecture 13MENA Regional Water OutlookDesalination Using CSP

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Year

Inst

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d C

apac

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W)

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PhotovoltaicsWindGeothermalHydropowerBiomassCSP PlantsOil / GasCoalNuclearPeak Load

Installed Capacity in all MENA Countries by Sources

260 GW fluctuating!

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DME S-002-2011 – Lecture 13MENA Regional Water OutlookDesalination Using CSP

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Electricity Production of all MENA Countries by Sources

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DME S-002-2011 – Lecture 13MENA Regional Water OutlookDesalination Using CSP

Water Scenario Methodology

1. water demand from 2000 to 2050

2. total and coastal CSP potential for desalination

3. life cycle of old desal plants opens opportunity for replacement

4. top priority for efficiency gains

5. second priority for reuse of waste water

6. third priority for sustainable surface and ground water extractions

7. fourth priority for existing and planned conventional desal plants

8. last priority for CSP desalination after 2015

9. no priority for unsustainable water extractions

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DME S-002-2011 – Lecture 13MENA Regional Water OutlookDesalination Using CSP

AQUA-CSP Scenario vs. MENA Water Outlook

per capita water for irrigation

constant reduced

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Efficiency GainsUnsustainable ExtractionsCSP DesalinationConventional DesalinationWastewater ReuseSurface Water ExtractionsGroundwater ExtractionsTotal Demand BaU

Source: www.dlr.de/tt/aqua-csp

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DME S-002-2011 – Lecture 13MENA Regional Water OutlookDesalination Using CSP

Middle East & North Africa (MENA)

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Efficiency GainsUnsustainable ExtractionsCSP DesalinationConventional DesalinationWastewater ReuseSurface Water ExtractionsGroundwater ExtractionsTotal Demand BaU

Average Climate Change

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DME S-002-2011 – Lecture 13MENA Regional Water OutlookDesalination Using CSP

North Africa

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Efficiency GainsUnsustainable ExtractionsCSP DesalinationConventional DesalinationWastewater ReuseSurface Water ExtractionsGroundwater ExtractionsTotal Demand BaU

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DME S-002-2011 – Lecture 13MENA Regional Water OutlookDesalination Using CSP

Western Asia

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Efficiency GainsUnsustainable ExtractionsCSP DesalinationConventional DesalinationWastewater ReuseSurface Water ExtractionsGroundwater ExtractionsTotal Demand BaU

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DME S-002-2011 – Lecture 13MENA Regional Water OutlookDesalination Using CSP

Arabian Peninsula

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Efficiency GainsUnsustainable ExtractionsCSP DesalinationConventional DesalinationWastewater ReuseSurface Water ExtractionsGroundwater ExtractionsTotal Demand BaU

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DME S-002-2011 – Lecture 13MENA Regional Water OutlookDesalination Using CSP

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Algeria

Bahrain

Djibouti

Egypt

Gaza

Iran

Iraq *

Israel

Jordan *

Kuwait

Lebanon

Libya

Malta

Morocco

Oman

Qatar

Saudi Arabia

Syria

Tunisia

UAE

West Bank

Yemen

CSP Desalination Potential [Bm³/y]

RO or MEDRO only

23.7

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DME S-002-2011 – Lecture 13MENA Regional Water OutlookDesalination Using CSP

Why CSP for Water in MENA?

1. CSP potential is very large even at coastal sites

2. good seasonal correlation of availability and demand

3. most abundant in regions with highest water scarcity

4. base load for uninterrupted operation of desalination plants

5. solar powered pre-treatment replaces chemicals

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DME S-002-2011 – Lecture 13MENA Regional Water OutlookDesalination Using CSP

Thank You!