meat and meat products in human nutrition
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/30/2019 Meat and Meat Products in Human Nutrition
1/10
3URGXFHGE\$JULFXOWXUHDQG&RQVXPHU3URWHFWLRQ
7LWOH0HDWDQGPHDWSURGXFWVLQKXPDQQXWULWLRQLQGHYHORSLQJFRXQWULHV
0RUHGHWDLOV
&KDSWHU0HDWDQGKHDOWK
&RQWHQWV 3UHYLRXV1H[W
0HDWFRQVXPSWLRQUROHRIPHDWLQWKHGLHWV
0HDWFRQVXPSWLRQ
0HDWFRQVXPSWLRQLVEDVHGODUJHO\RQDYDLODELOLW\SULFHDQGWUDGLWLRQ0HDWSURGXFWLRQLVDYHU\FRPSOH[RSHUDWLRQGHSHQGLQJQRWRQO\RQGHPDQGZKLFKLVXVXDOO\EDVHGRQSULFHDQGLQFRPHEXWRQPDQ\VRFLDODQGHFRQRPLFLQIOXHQFHVVXFKDVRIILFLDOSROLF\SULFHVXSSRUWPHFKDQLVPVDQG
LQWHUUHODWLRQVVXFKDVWKHLQWHUDFWLRQEHWZHHQEHHIDQGPLONSURGXFWLRQWKHDYDLODELOLW\RIDQLPDOIHHGVWXIIVDQGFRPSHWLWLRQIRUIRRGEHWZHHQPDQDQGDQLPDOV
,WLVGLIILFXOWWRPDNHDFFXUDWHFRPSDULVRQVRIPHDWFRQVXPSWLRQEHWZHHQFRXQWULHVEHFDXVHGLIIHUHQW
PHWKRGVDUHXVHGWRHVWLPDWHFRQVXPSWLRQ)LJXUHVPD\EHGHULYHGIURPWRWDOVXSSOLHVDYDLODEOHDWZKROHVDOHOHYHORUIURPUHFRUGVRIKRXVHKROGSXUFKDVHVZLWKRUZLWKRXWHVWLPDWHVRIZKDWLVFRQVXPHGDZD\IURPKRPHWKHHVWLPDWHRIZDVWHERWKLQSUHSDUDWLRQRIWKHIRRGDQGE\WKHLQGLYLGXDODGGVWRWKH
XQFHUWDLQW\6RPHQDWLRQDOHVWLPDWHVIDLOWRLQFOXGHLPSRUWVDQGVRPHVXUYH\VLQFOXGHWKHZHLJKWRIQRQPHDWFRPSRQHQWVRIWKHSURGXFWVIRUH[DPSOHWKHDPRXQWRIPHDWLQDSURGXFWFDQUDQJHEHWZHHQLQVRPHEXUJHUVWRLQVRPHSL]]DV)$2)RRG%DODQFH6KHHWVDUHSUHSDUHGIURPILJXUHVIRU
SURGXFWLRQLPSRUWVVWRFNFKDQJHVDQGH[SRUWVZLWKDOORZDQFHVIRUIHHGSURFHVVLQJDQGRWKHUXVHVDQGWKHVDPHPHWKRGVDUHDSSOLHGWRDOOUHJLRQVVRWKDWWKHILJXUHVDVLQ7DEOH$DUHFRPSDUDEOH
8SWRDFHUWDLQOHYHORILQFRPHWKHDPRXQWRIPHDWHDWHQYDULHVZLWKLQFRPHLQWKHUHODWLYHO\DIIOXHQWZHVWHUQZRUOGZKHUHWKHSURSRUWLRQRIDYDLODEOHLQFRPHVSHQWRQIRRGKDVEHHQVWHDGLO\IDOOLQJRYHUWKH
SDVWJHQHUDWLRQWKHUHLVQRZOLWWOHLIDQ\GLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQWKHDPRXQWVRIPHDWHDWHQE\WKHGLIIHUHQWLQFRPHJURXSV7KLVFRQWUDVWVZLWKWKH7KLUG:RUOGFRXQWULHV)$2D
7KHDPRXQWRIPHDWFRQVXPHGLQGLIIHUHQWFRXQWULHVYDULHVHQRUPRXVO\ZLWKVRFLDOHFRQRPLFDQGSROLWLFDOLQIOXHQFHVUHOLJLRXVEHOLHIVDQGJHRJUDSKLFDOGLIIHUHQFHV,WLVYHU\ODUJHLQPHDWSURGXFLQJ
DUHDVVXFKDV8UXJXD\$UJHQWLQD$XVWUDOLDDQG1HZ=HDODQGDWJSHUKHDGSHUGD\FRPSDUHGZLWKDQDYHUDJHRIJLQ,QGLD,QGRQHVLDDQG6UL/DQND7DEOH$VKRZVWKHFRQWUDVWEHWZHHQWRWDOPHDWVXSSOLHVLQGHYHORSHGDQGGHYHORSLQJFRXQWULHVDOORZLQJIRUH[SRUWVLPSRUWVDQGVWRFNFKDQJHV
DQG7DEOHVKRZVWKDWWKHSURGXFWLRQSHUFDSLWDLQWKHIRUPHULVILYHWLPHVDVPXFKDVLQWKHGHYHORSLQJFRXQWULHV7KHVHWDEOHVDOVRVKRZWKHUHODWLYHVL]HRISURGXFWLRQRIWKHGLIIHUHQWW\SHVRIDQLPDOVLQYROYHG
5ROHRIPHDWLQWKHGLHWRIGHYHORSHGDQGGHYHORSLQJFRXQWULHV
0HDWLVKHOGLQKLJKHVWHHPLQPRVWFRPPXQLWLHV,WKDVSUHVWLJHYDOXHLWLVRIWHQUHJDUGHGDVWKHFHQWUDOIRRGURXQGZKLFKPHDOVDUHSODQQHGYDULRXVW\SHVRIPHDWDUHVRPHWLPHVPDGHWKHEDVLVRIIHVWLYHDQG
FHOHEUDWRU\RFFDVLRQVDQGIURPWKHSRSXODUDVZHOODVWKHVFLHQWLILFSRLQWRIYLHZLWLVUHJDUGHGDVDIRRGRIKLJKQXWULWLYHYDOXH
:KLOHLWLVFOHDUWKDWPHDWLVQRWHVVHQWLDOLQWKHGLHWDVZLWQHVVWKHODUJHQXPEHURIYHJHWDULDQVZKRKDYHDQXWULWLRQDOO\DGHTXDWHGLHWWKHLQFOXVLRQRIDQLPDOSURGXFWVPDNHVLWHDVLHUWRHQVXUHDJRRGGLHW
-
7/30/2019 Meat and Meat Products in Human Nutrition
2/10
7KHUHLVDPDUNHGGLIIHUHQFHDWWKHSUHVHQWWLPHLQDWWLWXGHVWRZDUGVPHDWEHWZHHQWKHSHRSOHRIWKHGHYHORSLQJDQGLQGXVWULDOLVHGFRPPXQLWLHV,QWKHIRUPHUZKHUHPHDWLVLQVKRUWVXSSO\LWFDQEHWDNHQDV
DPHDVXUHRIWKHQXWULWLRQDOTXDOLW\RIWKHGLHWDVDZKROH:KHUHDW\SLFDOGLHWLVKHDYLO\GHSHQGHQWRQRQHW\SHRIFHUHDORUURRWFURSPHDWHYHQLQVPDOODPRXQWVFRPSOHPHQWVWKHVWDSOHIRRG,WSURYLGHVDUHODWLYHO\ULFKVRXUFHRIZHOODEVRUEHGLURQDQGDOVRLPSURYHVWKHDEVRUSWLRQRILURQIURPRWKHUIRRGVLWVDPLQRDFLGFRPSRVLWLRQFRPSOHPHQWVWKDWRIPDQ\SODQWIRRGVDQGLWLVDFRQFHQWUDWHGVRXUFHRI%
YLWDPLQVLQFOXGLQJYLWDPLQ%ZKLFKLVDEVHQWIURPSODQWIRRGV&RQVHTXHQWO\WKHUHLVSUHVVXUHWRLQFUHDVHWKHDYDLODELOLW\RIPHDWSURGXFWV
,QWKHLQGXVWULDOLVHGFRXQWULHVZKHUHIRRGRIDOONLQGVLVSOHQWLIXODQGFKHDSWKHUHLVFRQFHUQZKHWKHURU
QRWPLVSODFHGDERXWWKHSRWHQWLDOO\KDUPIXOHIIHFWVRIDKLJKLQWDNHRIVDWXUDWHGIDWIURPDQLPDOIRRGVGLVFXVVHGODWHUHPSKDVLVRQFRQWLQXRXVGHYHORSPHQWRIUHJXODWLRQVGHDOLQJZLWKK\JLHQHLQVODXJKWHUKRXVHVDQGGXULQJVXEVHTXHQWKDQGOLQJFRQFHUQDERXWKRUPRQHVDGPLQLVWHUHGWRFDWWOHZKDWLVSHUFHLYHGDVH[FHVVLYHDGGLWLRQRIZDWHUWRVRPHSURFHVVHGSURGXFWVFRQFHUQVWKDWFDQVFDUFHO\EH
DIIRUGHGLQGHYHORSLQJFRXQWULHVZKHQEDODQFHGDJDLQVWIRRGVXSSOLHV
:LWKLQFUHDVLQJPHFKDQLVDWLRQLQLQGXVWULDOLVHGFRPPXQLWLHVWKHVWHDG\IDOOLQKXPDQHQHUJ\H[SHQGLWXUHDQGFRQVHTXHQWO\LQSHUFDSLWDIRRGFRQVXPSWLRQSRVHVDSRWHQWLDOSUREOHPLQDFKLHYLQJDQ
DGHTXDWHLQWDNHRIQXWULHQWVHYHQZKHUHWKHUHLVDQDEXQGDQFHRIIRRGDYDLODEOH:LWKWKHYDULHW\RIIRRGDYDLODEOHDGLHWRI0ONFDORUPRUHSHUGD\LVOLNHO\WRVXSSO\HQRXJKRIDOOWKHQXWULHQWVEXWZKHQWKHLQWDNHLVWR0-NFDOSHUGD\WKHFRQVXPHUQHHGVWRPDNHDQLQIRUPHGFKRLFHRIIRRGVWRHQVXUHDQDGHTXDWHLQWDNHRIQXWULHQWV
,QZHVWHUQ(XURSHWKHGDLO\DYHUDJHHQHUJ\LQWDNHRIZRPHQLVDERXW0ODQGWKDWRIPHQ0-H[FOXGLQJDOFRKRODQGWKHUHDUHUHSRUWVRIELRFKHPLFDOVLJQVRIGHILFLHQFLHVRIVHYHUDO%YLWDPLQVDQGLURQ,WLVQRWFOHDUZKHWKHUWKLVLVDFFRPSDQLHGE\IXQFWLRQDOGHIHFWV
,QLQGXVWULDOLVHGFRXQWULHVWKHUHKDYHEHHQVORZEXWFRQWLQXRXVFKDQJHVRYHUWKH\HDUVLQWKHUHODWLYHDPRXQWVRIGLIIHUHQWW\SHVRIPHDWFRQVXPHGEHHISRUNODPESRXOWU\GHSHQGLQJSDUWO\RQSULFHDQG
LQIOXHQFHGE\IDVKLRQDGYHUWLVLQJHWF,QPRUHUHFHQW\HDUVKHDOWKDVSHFWVPRUHFRUUHFWO\SHUFHLYHGKHDOWKDVSHFWVKDYHEHFRPHDIDFWRU
7KHFRQFHUQVDERXWSXEOLFKHDOWKLQLQGXVWULDOLVHGFRXQWULHVZKHUHFRURQDU\KHDUWGLVHDVHDQGRWKHUGLVHDVHVRIDIIOXHQFHDUHFRPPRQKDYHOHGWRUHFRPPHQGDWLRQVWRWKHSXEOLFWRPRGLI\WKHLUGLHW
SRSXODULVHGDV'LHWDU\*XLGHOLQHV7KHVHSDUWLFXODUO\UHFRPPHQGDUHGXFWLRQLQIDWFRQVXPSWLRQHVSHFLDOO\VDWXUDWHGIDWW\DFLGVDQGFRQVHTXHQWO\HYHQLILQFRUUHFWO\LQUHGPHDWGLVFXVVHGODWHU7KLVKDVOHGLQVRPHVHFWLRQVRIWKHLUSRSXODWLRQVWRDUHODWLYHLQFUHDVHLQWKHFRQVXPSWLRQRISRXOWU\DQGILVKDWWKHH[SHQVHRIUHGPHDW
,QDGGLWLRQWKHUHLVFRQFHUQZKHWKHURUQRWPLVSODFHGDERXWWKHSUHVHQFHLQPHDWRISHVWLFLGHVUHVLGXHVRIKRUPRQHVDQGJURZWKSURPRWHUVXVHGWRLQFUHDVH\LHOGVDQGFRQFHUQDERXWKXPDQGLVHDVHVWKRXJKWWREHWUDQVPLWWHGE\EHHIWRJHWKHUZLWKDQLQFUHDVHIRUPDQ\UHDVRQVLQYHJHWDULDQLVP
0HDWDVDVRXUFHRISURWHLQ
+XPDQ3URWHLQ5HTXLUHPHQWV
+XPDQUHTXLUHPHQWVIRUSURWHLQKDYHEHHQWKRURXJKO\LQYHVWLJDWHGRYHUWKH\HDUV)$':+2DQGDUHFXUUHQWO\HVWLPDWHGWREHJSHUGD\IRUDGXOWPDQDQGJIRUZRPDQ7KHUHLVDKLJKHU
UHTXLUHPHQWLQYDULRXVGLVHDVHVWDWHVDQGFRQGLWLRQVRIVWUHVV
7KHVHDPRXQWVUHIHUWRSURWHLQRIZKDWLVWHUPHGJRRGTXDOLW\DQGKLJKO\GLJHVWLEOHRWKHUZLVHWKHDPRXQWLQJHVWHGPXVWEHLQFUHDVHGSURSRUWLRQDWHO\WRFRPSHQVDWHIRUORZHUTXDOLW\DQGORZHUGLJHVWLELOLW\
-
7/30/2019 Meat and Meat Products in Human Nutrition
3/10
3URWHLQ4XDOLW\
7KHTXDOLW\RIDSURWHLQLVDPHDVXUHRILWVDELOLW\WRVDWLVI\KXPDQUHTXLUHPHQWVIRUWKHDPLQRDFLGV$OO
SURWHLQVERWKGLHWDU\DQGWLVVXHSURWHLQVFRQVLVWRIWZRJURXSVRIDPLQRDFLGVWKRVHWKDWPXVWEHLQJHVWHGUHDG\PDGHLHDUHHVVHQWLDOLQWKHGLHWDQGWKRVHWKDWFDQEHV\QWKHVLVHGLQWKHERG\LQDGHTXDWHDPRXQWVIURPWKHHVVHQWLDODPLQRDFLGV(LJKWRIWKHIRRGDPLQRDFLGVDUHHVVHQWLDOIRUDGXOWVDQGWHQIRUFKLOGUHQ
7KHTXDOLW\RIGLHWDU\SURWHLQFDQEHPHDVXUHGLQYDULRXVZD\V)$':+2EXWEDVLFDOO\LWLVWKHUDWLRRIWKHDYDLODEOHDPLQRDFLGVLQWKHIRRGRUGLHWFRPSDUHGZLWKQHHGV,QWKHHDUOLHUOLWHUDWXUHWKLVZDVH[SUHVVHGRQDSHUFHQWDJHVFDOHEXWZLWKWKHDGRSWLRQRIWKH6,V\VWHPRIQRPHQFODWXUHLWLV
H[SUHVVHGDVDUDWLR7KXVDUDWLRRISHUFHQWPHDQVWKDWWKHDPLQRDFLGVDYDLODEOHIURPWKHGLHWDU\SURWHLQVDUHLQWKHH[DFWSURSRUWLRQVQHHGHGWRVDWLVI\KXPDQQHHGVDUDWLRRIPHDQVWKDWWKHDPRXQWRIRQHRUPRUHRIWKHHVVHQWLDODPLQRDFLGVSUHVHQWLVRQO\KDOIRIWKDWUHTXLUHG,IRQHHVVHQWLDO
DPLQRDFLGLVFRPSOHWHO\DEVHQWDFLUFXPVWDQFHWKDWFDQRFFXURQO\H[SHULPHQWDOO\ZLWKLVRODWHGSURWHLQVVLQFHDQ\IRRGOHWDORQHDZKROHGLHWFRQVLVWVRIDPL[WXUHRIPDQ\SURWHLQVWKHSURWHLQTXDOLW\ZRXOGEH]HUR
7KHUHLVDSRSXODULPSUHVVLRQRULJLQDWLQJDWRQHWLPHIURPQXWULWLRQWH[WERRNVWKDWWKHTXDOLWLHVRI
SURWHLQVIURPDQLPDOVRXUFHVDUHJUHDWO\VXSHULRUWRWKRVHIURPSODQWVRXUFHV7KLVLVWUXHRQO\WRWKHH[WHQWWKDWPDQ\DQLPDOVRXUFHVKDYH1HW3URWHLQ8WLOLVDWLRQ138DPHDVXUHRIWKHXVHIXOQHVVRIWKHSURWHLQWRWKHERG\DURXQGZKLOHWKDWRIPDQ\EXWQRWDOOSODQWIRRGVLV+RZHYHUDIWHU
LQIDQF\SHRSOHFRQVXPHDZLGHYDULHW\RISURWHLQVIURPGLIIHUHQWIRRGVDQGDVKRUWIDOOLQDQ\HVVHQWLDODPLQRDFLGVLQRQHIRRGLVXVXDOO\PDGHJRRGDWOHDVWLQSDUWE\DUHODWLYHVXUSOXVIURPDQRWKHUIRRGWKLVLVWHUPHGFRPSOHPHQWDWLRQ$VDUHVXOWWKHSURWHLQTXDOLW\RIZKROHGLHWVHYHQLQGHYHORSLQJFRXQWULHVUDUHO\IDOOVEHORZ138RIDYDOXHWKDWFDQEHFRPSDUHGZLWKWKHDYHUDJHRILQ
LQGXVWULDOLVHGFRXQWULHV)$':+2
7KHYDOXHRIPHDWLQWKLVUHVSHFWLVWKDWLWLVDUHODWLYHO\FRQFHQWUDWHGVRXUFHRISURWHLQRIKLJKTXDOLW\
138KLJKO\GLJHVWLEOHDERXWFRPSDUHGZLWKIRUPDQ\SODQWIRRGVDQGLWVXSSOLHVDUHODWLYHVXUSOXVRIRQHHVVHQWLDODPLQRDFLGO\VLQHZKLFKLVLQUHODWLYHO\VKRUWVXSSO\LQPRVWFHUHDOV
(IIHFWRI&RRNLQJRQ3URWHLQ4XDOLW\
$SDUWIURPWKHLQKHUHQWTXDOLW\RIWKHYDULRXVSURWHLQVDUHGXFWLRQLQTXDOLW\WDNHVSODFHLIWKHUHLVGDPDJHWRDPLQRDFLGVZKHQWKHIRRGLVFRRNHG$WDWHPSHUDWXUHEHORZ&ZKHQSURWHLQVDUHFRDJXODWHGWKHUHLVQRFKDQJHLQQXWULWLRQDOTXDOLW\
7KHILUVWFKDQJHVWDNHSODFHZKHQIRRGLVKHDWHGWRWHPSHUDWXUHVDURXQG&LQWKHSUHVHQFHRIPRLVWXUHDQGUHGXFLQJVXJDUVSUHVHQWQDWXUDOO\RUDGGHGWRWKHIRRG7KHUHLVDFKHPLFDOUHDFWLRQEHWZHHQSDUWRIRQHHVVHQWLDODPLQRDFLGO\VLQHDQGDVXJDUWRIRUPDERQGWKDWFDQQRWEHEURNHQGXULQJGLJHVWLRQDQGVRSDUWRIWKHO\VLQHLVUHQGHUHGXQDYDLODEOH
:KHQSURWHLQVDUHDQDO\VHGLQRUGHUWRGHWHUPLQHWKHLUDPLQRDFLGFRPSRVLWLRQWKHSURFHGXUHLQYROYHVDSUHOLPLQDU\K\GURO\VLVZLWKVWURQJDFLGZKLFKGRHVEUHDNWKHO\VLQHVXJDUERQGVRFKHPLFDODQDO\VLVGRHVQRWUHYHDOWKLVW\SHRIGDPDJHDQGVSHFLDOPHWKRGVDUHQHHGHG$WDKLJKHUWHPSHUDWXUHRUZLWK
PRUHSURORQJHGKHDWLQJWKHO\VLQHLQWKHIRRGSURWHLQFDQUHDFWZLWKRWKHUFKHPLFDOJURXSLQJVZLWKLQWKHSURWHLQLWVHOIDQGPRUHEHFRPHVXQDYDLODEOH,QDGGLWLRQWKHVXOSKXUDPLQRDFLGVF\VWLQHZKLFKLVQRWHVVHQWLDODQGPHWKLRQLQHZKLFKLVDUHUHQGHUHGSDUWO\XQDYDLODEOH
7KHO\VLQHVXJDUUHDFWLRQUHVXOWVLQDEURZQFRORXUHGFRPSRXQGWKHVRFDOOHGEURZQLQJRU0DLOODUGUHDFWLRQZKLFKSURGXFHVDQDWWUDFWLYHIODYRXULQIRRGDQGLVWKHPDLQFDXVHRIWKHFRORXURIEUHDGFUXVWDQGURDVWPHDW:KLOHVXFKVHYHUHKHDWLQJUHGXFHVWKHDPRXQWRIO\VLQHDYDLODEOHLQWKHVHIRRGVWKHORVVLVQXWULWLRQDOO\LQVLJQLILFDQWVLQFHLWDIIHFWVRQO\DYHU\VPDOOIUDFWLRQRIWKHWRWDODPRXQWSUHVHQW
-
7/30/2019 Meat and Meat Products in Human Nutrition
4/10
$WWKHWHPSHUDWXUHQHHGHGWRFRRNPHDWWKHUHLVOLWWOHORVVRIDYDLODEOHO\VLQHRUWKHVXOSKXUDPLQRDFLGVEXWWKHUHFDQEHVRPHORVVLIWKHPHDWLVKHDWHGWRJHWKHUZLWKUHGXFLQJVXEVWDQFHVDVPD\EHSUHVHQW
ZKHQPHDWLVFDQQHGZLWKWKHDGGLWLRQRIVWDUFKFRQWDLQLQJJUDY\RURWKHULQJUHGLHQWV
2YHUDOOWKHGDPDJHWRSURWHLQFDXVHGE\FRRNLQJLVRIOLWWOHSUDFWLFDOVLJQLILFDQFHDQGLWFDQEHDUJXHGWKDWLIWKHUHLVPHDWLQWKHGLHWLWLVOLNHO\WKDWWKHTXDQWLW\RISURWHLQZRXOGFRPSHQVDWHIRUDQ\VKRUWIDOOLQTXDOLW\
7KHQXWULWLRQDOTXDOLW\RIWKHSURWHLQVRIPHDWULFKLQFRQQHFWLYHWLVVXHLVORZVLQFHFROODJHQDQGHODVWLQDUHSRRULQWKHVXOSKXUDPLQRDFLGVWKHUHLVRQO\JRIHDFKSHUJRIWRWDOSURWHLQFRPSDUHGZLWKYDOXHVRIDQGRIHDFKUHVSHFWLYHO\LQJRRGPHDW0HDWLVWRXJKWRHDWZKHQLWLVULFKLQ
FRQQHFWLYHWLVVXHDQGVXFKPHDWLVRIWHQXVHGIRUFDQQLQJVLQFHWKHUHODWLYHO\KLJKWHPSHUDWXUHLQYROYHGLQWKHVWHULOLVDWLRQSURFHVVSDUWO\K\GURO\VHVWKHFROODJHQVRPDNLQJWKHSURGXFWPRUHSDODWDEOH+RZHYHULWVWLOOUHVXOWVLQDSURGXFWZLWK138DVORZDVFRPSDUHGZLWKDYDOXHRIIRU
JRRGTXDOLW\PHDW%HQGHUDQG=LD
$GHTXDF\RI'LHWDU\3URWHLQ
7KHSURWHLQUHTXLUHPHQWRIDQLQGLYLGXDOLVGHILQHGDVWKHORZHVWOHYHORISURWHLQLQWDNHWKDWZLOOEDODQFH
WKHORVVRIQLWURJHQIURPWKHERG\LQSHUVRQVPDLQWDLQLQJHQHUJ\EDODQFHDWPRGHVWOHYHOVRISK\VLFDODFWLYLW\)$':+27KHUHTXLUHPHQWPXVWDOORZIRUGHVLUDEOHUDWHVRIGHSRVLWLRQRISURWHLQGXULQJJURZWKDQGSUHJQDQF\:KHQHQHUJ\LQWDNHLVLQDGHTXDWHVRPHRIWKHGLHWDU\SURWHLQLVGLYHUWHGIURPWLVVXHV\QWKHVLVWRVXSSO\HQHUJ\IRUJHQHUDOSK\VLFDODFWLYLW\WKLVRFFXUVDWWLPHVRIIRRGVKRUWDJH
DQGDOVRLQGLVHDVHVWDWHVZKHUHIRRGLVLQFRPSOHWHO\DEVRUEHGDQGXWLOLVHG
$GLHWDGHTXDWHLQHQHUJ\LVDOPRVWDOZD\VDGHTXDWHLQSURWHLQERWKLQTXDQWLW\DQGTXDOLW\)RUH[DPSOHDQDGXOWQHHGVDQDPRXQWRISURWHLQWKDWLVHTXLYDOHQWWRRIWKHWRWDOHQHUJ\LQWDNHDQG
VLQFHPRVWFHUHDOVFRQWDLQSURWHLQHYHQDGLHWFRPSRVHGHQWLUHO\RIFHUHDOZRXOGLIHQRXJKZHUHDYDLODEOHDQGFRXOGEHFRQVXPHGWRVDWLVI\HQHUJ\QHHGVVDWLVI\SURWHLQQHHGVDWWKHVDPHWLPH
*URZLQJFKLOGUHQDQGSUHJQDQWDQGQXUVLQJPRWKHUVKDYHKLJKHUSURWHLQUHTXLUHPHQWVDVGRSHRSOHVXIIHULQJIURPLQIHFWLRQVLQWHVWLQDOSDUDVLWHVDQGFRQGLWLRQVLQZKLFKSURWHLQFDWDEROLVPLVHQKDQFHG
'XULQJWKHVWUHVVWKDWDFFRPSDQLHVIHYHUVEURNHQERQHVEXUQVDQGRWKHUWUDXPDVWKHUHLVFRQVLGHUDEOHORVVRISURWHLQIURPWKHWLVVXHVZKLFKKDVWREHUHVWRUHGGXULQJFRQYDOHVFHQFHDQGVRKLJKLQWDNHVRISURWHLQDUHQHHGHGDWWKLVWLPHWRJHWKHUZLWKDQDGHTXDWHLQWDNHRIHQHUJ\
7KHGLJHVWLELOLW\RIWKHSURWHLQVRIYDULRXVGLHWVYDULHVFRQVLGHUDEO\)RUH[DPSOHWKHGLJHVWLELOLW\RIW\SLFDO:HVWHUQGLHWVDQG&KLQHVHGLHWVLVLHGLJHVWHG7KDWRIWKH,QGLDQULFHGLHWDQG%UD]LOLDQPL[HGGLHWLV)$':+2'LJHVWLELOLW\LVKLJKLQGLHWVWKDWLQFOXGHPLONDQGPHDWDQGORZZKHQPDL]HDQGEHDQVSUHGRPLQDWH
$QLQFUHDVHLQWKHDPRXQWRISURWHLQHDWHQEH\RQGUHTXLUHPHQWILJXUHVFRPSHQVDWHVIRUDQ\VKRUWIDOOLQGLJHVWLELOLW\DQGSURWHLQTXDOLW\
0HDWDVDVRXUFHRIYLWDPLQVDQGPLQHUDOV
0HDWDQGPHDWSURGXFWVDUHLPSRUWDQWVRXUFHVRIDOOWKH%FRPSOH[YLWDPLQVLQFOXGLQJWKLDPLQULERIODYLQQLDFLQELRWLQYLWDPLQV%DQG%SDQWRWKHQLFDFLGDQGIRODFLQ7KHODVWWZRDUHHVSHFLDOO\
DEXQGDQWLQOLYHUZKLFKWRJHWKHUZLWKFHUWDLQRWKHURUJDQVLVULFKLQYLWDPLQ$DQGVXSSOLHVDSSUHFLDEOHDPRXQWVRIYLWDPLQV'(DQG.
0HDWVDUHH[FHOOHQWVRXUFHVRIVRPHRIWKHPLQHUDOVVXFKDVLURQFRSSHU]LQFDQGPDQJDQHVHDQGSOD\
DQLPSRUWDQWUROHLQWKHSUHYHQWLRQRI]LQFGHILFLHQF\DQGSDUWLFXODUO\RILURQGHILFLHQF\ZKLFKLVZLGHVSUHDG
-
7/30/2019 Meat and Meat Products in Human Nutrition
5/10
0HDW,URQ
7KHDPRXQWRILURQDEVRUEHGIURPWKHGLHWGHSHQGVRQDYDULHW\RIIDFWRUVLQFOXGLQJLWVFKHPLFDOIRUP
WKHVLPXOWDQHRXVSUHVHQFHRIRWKHUIRRGLQJUHGLHQWVWKDWFDQHQKDQFHRULQKLELWDEVRUSWLRQDQGYDULRXVSK\VLRORJLFDOIDFWRUVRIWKHLQGLYLGXDOLQFOXGLQJKLVKHULURQVWDWXV2YHUDOOLQVHWWLQJ5HFRPPHQGHG'DLO\,QWDNHVRIQXWULHQWVWKHSURSRUWLRQRILURQDEVRUEHGIURPDPL[HGGLHWLVXVXDOO\WDNHQDV
+DOIRIWKHLURQLQPHDWLVSUHVHQWDVKDHPHLURQLQKDHPRJORELQ7KLVLVZHOODEVRUEHGDERXW
DILJXUHWKDWFDQEHFRQWUDVWHGZLWKRWKHUIRUPVRILURQVXFKDVWKDWIURPSODQWIRRGVDW
1RWRQO\LVWKHLURQRIPHDWZHOODEVRUEHGEXWLWHQKDQFHVWKHDEVRUSWLRQRILURQIURPRWKHUVRXUFHV
HJWKHDGGLWLRQRIPHDWWRDOHJXPHFHUHDOGLHWFDQGRXEOHWKHDPRXQWRILURQDEVRUEHGDQGVRFRQWULEXWHVLJQLILFDQWO\WRWKHSUHYHQWLRQRIDQDHPLDZKLFKLVVRZLGHVSUHDGLQGHYHORSLQJFRXQWULHV
=LQFLVSUHVHQWLQDOOWLVVXHVRIWKHERG\DQGLVDFRPSRQHQWRIPRUHWKDQILIW\HQ]\PHV
0HDWLVWKHULFKHVWVRXUFHRI]LQFLQWKHGLHWDQGVXSSOLHVRQHWKLUGWRRQHKDOIRIWKHWRWDO]LQFLQWDNHRIPHDWHDWHUV$GLHWDU\GHILFLHQF\LVXQFRPPRQEXWKDVEHHQIRXQGLQDGROHVFHQWER\VLQWKH0LGGOH(DVWHDWLQJDSRRUGLHWEDVHGODUJHO\RQXQOHDYHQHGEUHDG
+HDOWKFRQFHUQVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHFRQVXPSWLRQRIPHDW
&RURQDU\RU,VFKDHPLF+HDUW'LVHDVH
$PDMRUFDXVHRIGHDWKLQVRPHSDUWVRIWKHLQGXVWULDOLVHGZRUOGLVFRURQDU\KHDUWGLVHDVH&+'DQG
VDWXUDWHGIDWW\DFLGVKDYHEHHQLPSOLFDWHGDVDQLPSRUWDQWGLHWDU\ULVNIDFWRU6LQFHDERXWDTXDUWHURIWKHVDWXUDWHGIDWW\DFLGVLQWKHGLHWLVVXSSOLHGE\PHDWIDWWKHFRQVXPSWLRQRIPHDWLWVHOIKDVFRPHXQGHUILUH
7KHILUVWVWDJHRIGHYHORSPHQWRIWKHGLVHDVHLVDQDUURZLQJRIWKHFRURQDU\DUWHULHVE\GHSRVLWLRQRIDFRPSOH[IDWW\PL[WXUHRQWKHZDOOVDSURFHVVWHUPHGDWKHURVFOHURVLV7KHIDWDOVWDJHLVWKHIRUPDWLRQRIDEORRGFORWWKDWEORFNVWKHQDUURZHGDUWHU\WKURPERVLV(YHQLIWKHWKURPERVLVLVQRWIDWDOWKHUHGXFHG
EORRGIORZWRWKHKHDUWPXVFOHGHSULYHVLWRIR[\JHQDQGFDQOHDGWRH[WHQVLYHGDPDJHP\RFDUGLDOLQIDUFWLRQ
'HVSLWHPDQ\\HDUVRILQWHQVLYHLQYHVWLJDWLRQWKHUHDOFDXVHRI&+'LVQRWNQRZQEXWDODUJHQXPEHURIZKDWDUHWHUPHGULVNIDFWRUVKDYHEHHQLGHQWLILHGLQFOXGLQJDIDPLO\KLVWRU\RI&+'VPRNLQJODFNRI
H[HUFLVHYDULRXVW\SHVRIVWUHVVDQGFHUWDLQGLVHDVHVWDWHVWRJHWKHUZLWKDQXPEHURIGLHWDU\IDFWRUV7KHVDWXUDWHGIDWW\DFLGVP\ULVWLFDQGSDOPLWLFKDYHEHHQHVWDEOLVKHGDVWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWRIWKHGLHWDU\
ULVNIDFWRUVLQFRURQDU\KHDUWGLVHDVH
7KHUHDUHWKUHHW\SHVRIOLSRSURWHLQVSURWHLQOLSLGFRPSOH[HVLQWKHEORRGORZGHQVLW\OLSRSURWHLQV/'/LQZKLFKRIWKHPROHFXOHLVFKROHVWHUROKLJKGHQVLW\OLSRSURWHLQV+'/ZKLFKLQFOXGHDVFKROHVWHURODQGYHU\ORZGHQVLW\OLSRSURWHLQV9/'/ZKLFKKDYHFKROHVWHURO+LJKOHYHOVRIWRWDOEORRGFKROHVWHURODUHDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHLQFLGHQFHRI&+'DQGKLJKLQWDNHVRIVDWXUDWHGIDWW\
DFLGVHOHYDWHEORRGFKROHVWHUROOHYHOVKHQFHWKHDVVRFLDWLRQEHWZHHQGLHWDU\VDWXUDWHGIDWW\DFLGVDQG&+',WLVWKH/'/WKDWDSSHDUWREHWKHPDLQSUREOHPDQG+'/DSSHDUWREHSURWHFWLYH
7KLVOLSLGK\SRWKHVLVRIFDXVDWLRQRI&+'KDVOHGWRWKHDGRSWLRQLQPDQ\FRXQWULHVRIGLHWDU\
JXLGHOLQHVZKLFKDPRQJRWKHUREMHFWLYHVDUHLQWHQGHGWRUHGXFHWKHLQWDNHRIVDWXUDWHGIDWW\DFLGVDVFRPSDUHGZLWKXQVDWXUDWHGIDWW\DFLGVDQGVRUHGXFHEORRGOHYHOVRI/'/
7\SHVRI)DWW\$FLGV
6DWXUDWHG)DWW\$FLGV6)$
-
7/30/2019 Meat and Meat Products in Human Nutrition
6/10
7ZRRIWKHVDWXUDWHGIDWW\DFLGVP\ULVWLFDQGSDOPLWLFDFLGVDSSHDUWREHWKHSULQFLSDOGLHWDU\IDFWRUVWKDWLQFUHDVHWKHEORRGFKROHVWHURODQGGRVRE\LQFUHDVLQJ/'/7KHRWKHUPDLQ6)$LQWKHGLHWVWHDULF
DFLGGRHVQRWKDYHWKHVDPHHIIHFWDSSDUHQWO\EHFDXVHLWLVFRQYHUWHGWRROHLFDFLGZKLFKLVPRQRXQVDWXUDWHGVHHEHORZIDWW\DFLGVRIVKRUWHUFKDLQOHQJWKDSSHDUWRKDYHQRHIIHFW
,QRUGHUWRH[SODLQWKHWHUPVVDWXUDWHGDQGXQVDWXUDWHGIDWW\DFLGVWRWKHFRQVXPHU6)$KDYHEHHQHTXDWHGZLWKDQLPDOIDWVVRPHDWIDWLVSHUFHLYHGDVEHLQJVDWXUDWHGEXWLQIDFWWKLVLVRQO\UHODWLYH)RU
H[DPSOHSRUNODUGLV6)$EHHIWDOORZLV6)$GHSHQGLQJRQWKHSDUWRIWKHERG\IURP
ZKLFKLWLVGHULYHG7KHVHILJXUHVFDQEHFRPSDUHGZLWK6)$LQYHJHWDEOHRLOVZKLFKDUHSHUFHLYHGDVXQVDWXUDWHG7DEOHVKRZVWKDWH[FHSWIRUODPEIDWWKHSURSRUWLRQRI6)$LVDERXW
RUOHVV,QIRXURIWKHVL[VDPSOHVRIPHDWOLVWHGWKHUHLVDKLJKHUSURSRUWLRQRIPRQRXQVDWXUDWHVWKDQ6)$
7KLVSHUFHSWLRQRIPHDWIDWDVEHLQJVDWXUDWHGKDVOHGWRWKHEHOLHIWKDWPHDWSDUWLFXODUO\UHGPHDW
VKRXOGEHDYRLGHG,QIDFWLWKDVEHHQVKRZQWKDWDUHGXFWLRQRIWRWDOIDWLQWDNHZKLOHVWLOOLQFOXGLQJLQWKHGLHWJRIOHDQPHDWFRQWDLQLQJIDWFDQUHVXOWLQDUHGXFWLRQLQEORRGFKROHVWHUROOHYHOV:DWWVHWDO7KHUHODWLRQEHWZHHQGLHWDQGFRURQDU\KHDUWGLVHDVHLVQRWRQO\DVXEMHFWRIFRQVLGHUDEOHPLVXQGHUVWDQGLQJLQWKHPLQGVRIFRQVXPHUVEXWDOVRDVXEMHFWRIVRPHFRQWURYHUV\DPRQJ
PHGLFDOVFLHQWLVWV
0RQRXQVDWXUDWHG)DWW\$FLGV08)$
7KHIDWW\DFLGRIPDLQLQWHUHVWLVROHLFDFLGSOHQWLIXOLQROLYHUDSHVHHGDQGKLJKROHLFVDIIORZHURLOV
7KHUHODWLYHO\KLJKLQWDNHRIROLYHRLODQGFRQVHTXHQWO\WKHSURSRUWLRQDWHO\ORZLQWDNHRI6)$DUHEHOLHYHGWREHLPSRUWDQWGLHWDU\IDFWRUVLQWKHORZLQFLGHQFHRI&+'LQ0HGLWHUUDQHDQFRXQWULHVFRPSDUHGZLWKQRUWKHUQ(XURSH,WLVQRWFOHDUZKHWKHUROHLFDFLGFRQIHUVGLUHFWSURWHFWLRQRUVLPSO\
UHSODFHV6)$LQWKHGLHW7DEOHVKRZVWKHFRQWULEXWLRQRIPHDWIDWWRWKHLQWDNHRI08)$
3RO\XQVDWXUDWHG)DWW\$FLGV38)$
7KHVHDUHIDWW\DFLGVZLWKEHWZHHQDQGGRXEOHERQGVDQGORQJFDUERQFKDLQVRIWRFDUERQ
DWRPV7DEOH/LQROHLFDFLGFDUERQDWRPVDQGGRXEOHERQGVDQGOLQROHQLFDFLGFDUERQDWRPVDQGGRXEOHERQGVDUHSOHQWLIXOLQPDQ\YHJHWDEOHRLOV7KHYHU\ORQJFKDLQIDWW\DFLGVHLFRVDWHWUDHQRLF&GRXEOHERQGVDQGGRFRVDSHQWDHQRLF&GRXEOHERQGVDUHSOHQWLIXOLQILVKRLOVDQGVPDOOHUDPRXQWVDUHSUHVHQWLQVRPHPHDWIDWV
7KHVHYHU\ORQJFKDLQ38)$DSSHDUWRRIIHUGLUHFWSURWHFWLRQDJDLQVWKHDUWGLVHDVHSDUWLFXODUO\DJDLQVWWKURPERVLVEXWLWLVQRWFOHDUZKHWKHUWKHRWKHU38)$LQWKHGLHWIURPYHJHWDEOHRLOVRIIHUSURWHFWLRQRUVLPSO\GLVSODFH6)$&RQVHTXHQWO\LWLVRIWHQUHFRPPHQGHGWKDWYHJHWDEOHRLOVULFKLQ
38)$VKRXOGQRWVLPSO\EHDGGHGWRDGLHWEXWVKRXOGEHXVHGWRUHSODFHRWKHUIDWVZKHQWKHUHLVDQHHGIRUIDWLQIRUPXODWLQJIRRGSURGXFWV
/LQROHLFDQGOLQROHQLFDFLGVDUHHVVHQWLDOLQWKHGLHWWKH\ZHUHDWRQHWLPHWHUPHGYLWDPLQ)DQGWKH
YHU\ORQJFKDLQ)$DUHIRUPHGIURPWKHPLQWKHERG\,WLVSRVVLEOHWKDWWKHUDWHRIWKHLUIRUPDWLRQPD\QRWEHDGHTXDWHXQGHUDOOFLUFXPVWDQFHVDQGVRWKHUHPD\EHEHQHILWIURPFRQVXPLQJVRPHRIWKHVHYHU\ORQJFKDLQ38)$UHDG\PDGHLQWKHGLHW
7UDQV)DWW\$FLGV
38)$H[LVWLQQDWXUHLQWZRVWUXFWXUDOIRUPVWHUPHGFLVDQGEDQVIRUPV,WLVWKHFLVIRUPVWKDWDUHXVHG
LQWKHSURGXFWLRQRIIDWW\SURGXFWVVXFKDVVSHFLDOPDUJDULQHV7KHRWKHUIRUPVEDQVDUHIRUPHGZKHQRLOVDUHK\GURJHQDWHGWRPDNHKDUGIDWVIRUVRPHPDUJDULQHVDQGVPDOODPRXQWVDUHIRXQGLQWKHIDWVRI
UXPLQDQWVZKHUHWKH\DUHIRUPHGE\EDFWHULDOK\GURJHQDWLRQLQWKHUXPHQ
([SHULPHQWDOO\EDQVIDWW\DFLGVKDYHEHHQVKRZQWRKDYHDQDGYHUVHHIIHFWRQERWK/'/DQG+'/DQG
-
7/30/2019 Meat and Meat Products in Human Nutrition
7/10
VRDUHFRQVLGHUHGSRWHQWLDOO\KDUPIXO:KHQFDOFXODWLQJWKHUDWLRRI38)$DQG6)$LQGLHWVWKHEDQVIDWW\DFLGVDUHRIWHQLQFOXGHGZLWK6)$
&KROHVWHURO
&KROHVWHUROLVDIDWW\FRPSRXQGLQYROYHGLQWKHWUDQVSRUWRIIDWLQWKHEORRGVWUHDPDQGLVDOVRSDUWRIWKHVWUXFWXUHRIFHOOPHPEUDQHVRIWLVVXHVRIWKHERG\,WLVQRWDGLHWDU\HVVHQWLDOVLQFHDGHTXDWHDPRXQWVDUH
V\QWKHVLVHGLQWKHERG\IURPRWKHUGLHWDU\LQJUHGLHQWV
&RQIXVLRQKDVDULVHQEHWZHHQWKHWHUPVEORRGFKROHVWHURODQGGLHWDU\FKROHVWHURO)RUPRVWLQGLYLGXDOVGLHWDU\FKROHVWHUROKDVOLWWOHRUQRHIIHFWRQEORRGFKROHVWHUROOHYHOVEHFDXVHUHGXFHGV\QWKHVLVLQWKH
ERG\FRPSHQVDWHVIRULQFUHDVHGGLHWDU\LQWDNH+RZHYHUWKHUHDUHLQGLYLGXDOVZKRDUHVHQVLWLYHWRGLHWDU\FKROHVWHURO5HLVHUDQG6KRUODQGDQGPRVWDXWKRULWLHVDGYLVHDJHQHUDOUHGXFWLRQLQFKROHVWHUROLQWDNHIRUHYHU\RQH
0HDWVXSSOLHVDERXWRQHWKLUGRIWKHGLHWDU\FKROHVWHUROLQPDQ\ZHVWHUQGLHWVZLWKWKHUHPDLQGHUIURPHJJVDQGGDLU\SURGXFWV6LQFHDOOWKHVHIRRGVDUHYDOXDEOHVRXUFHVRIQXWULHQWVWKHUHFRXOGEHVRPHQXWULWLRQDOULVNLQUHVWULFWLQJWKHLULQWDNH7KHFKROHVWHUROFRQWHQWRIPHDWDQGRWKHUIRRGVLVOLVWHGLQ&KDSWHU7DEOH
,QDGGLWLRQWRSOD\LQJDQLPSRUWDQWUROHLQ&+'GLHWDU\VDWXUDWHGIDWVKDYHEHHQLPSOLFDWHGLQK\SHUWHQVLRQVWURNHGLDEHWHVDQGFHUWDLQIRUPVRIFDQFHUVRDOOGLHWDU\JXLGHOLQHVLQFOXGHUHFRPPHQGDWLRQVWRUHGXFHWRWDOIDWLQWDNHDQGHVSHFLDOO\WKDWRIVDWXUDWHGIDWV
6RPHQDWLRQDODXWKRULWLHVKDYHLVVXHGGLHWDU\JXLGHOLQHVZKLFKGLIIHUPDLQO\LQWKHDPRXQWVRIWKHYDULRXVIRRGVDGYLVHG-DPHV*HQHUDOO\LWLVUHFRPPHQGHGWKDWWRWDOIDWVKRXOGEHUHGXFHGWRRIWKHWRWDOHQHUJ\LQWDNHZLWKQRWPRUHWKDQIURPVDWXUDWHVIURP08)$DQGZLWK38)$DWRUPRUHWKLVUHVXOWVLQD36UDWLRRI
0RVWDXWKRULWLHVEXWQRWDOOUHFRPPHQGDUHGXFWLRQLQGLHWDU\FKROHVWHUROWRDURXQGPJRUOHVVSHUGD\
3RXOWU\0HDWYHUVXV5HDG0HDW
'LHWDU\JXLGHOLQHVVRPHWLPHVLQFOXGHDGYLFHWRVXEVWLWXWHDWOHDVWLQSDUWFKLFNHQIRUUHGPHDW&KLFNHQPHDWLQFOXGLQJLWVVNLQFRQWDLQVDERXWWKHVDPHDPRXQWRIIDWDVGRHVPHGLXPIDWUHGPHDWLWLV
QHFHVVDU\WRUHPRYHWKHVNLQZLWKWKHDGKHULQJVXEFXWDQHRXVIDWWRUHGXFHWKHIDWFRQWHQWWRDURXQGZKLFKLVQRORZHUWKDQWKHILJXUHIRUOHDQPHDW
+RZHYHUFKLFNHQIOHVKKDVOHVVVDWXUDWHGIDWW\DFLGVRIWKHWRWDODQGPRUH38)$WKDQOHDQ
PHDWZLWKDQGUHVSHFWLYHO\
'XFNIOHVKLVYHU\IDWFRQWDLQLQJDERXWIDWZKHQWKHVNLQDQGVXEFXWDQHRXVIDWDUHLQFOXGHGRQO\RIGXFNIDWLVVDWXUDWHG
0HDWIURPJDPHELUGVJURXVHSDUWULGJHSKHDVDQWDQGSLJHRQFRQWDLQVDERXWDQGIDWUHVSHFWLYHO\RIZKLFKDERXWRQHTXDUWHULVVDWXUDWHG
$SDUWIURPGLIIHUHQFHVLQWKHDPRXQWVDQGW\SHVRIIDWW\DFLGVLQWKHYDULRXVNLQGVRIPHDWSRXOWU\DQG
JDPHWKHLUQXWULHQWFRPSRVLWLRQVDUHVLPLODU
7R[LFFRPSRXQGVIRUPHGGXULQJSURFHVVLQJDQGFRRNLQJ
:KLOHFRRNLQJLVQHFHVVDU\WRGHYHORSWKHGHVLUDEOHIODYRXUVLQPHDWDVZHOODVWRGHVWUR\KDUPIXO
RUJDQLVPVWKHR[LGDWLRQRIIDWVHVSHFLDOO\DWIU\LQJWHPSHUDWXUHVFDQJLYHULVHWRFRPSRXQGVWKDW
-
7/30/2019 Meat and Meat Products in Human Nutrition
8/10
GHFRPSRVHWRDOGHK\GHVHVWHUVDOFRKROVDQGVKRUWFKDLQFDUER[\OLFDFLGVZLWKXQGHVLUDEOHIODYRXUV
0HDWVDUHSDUWLFXODUO\VXVFHSWLEOHEHFDXVHRIWKHXQVDWXUDWHGOLSLGVSUHVHQWZKLFKDUHPRUHUHDGLO\
R[LGLVHGDQGEHFDXVHRIFDWDO\VLVE\KDHPHDQGQRQKDHPHLURQ
7KHPRUH38)$SUHVHQWWKHJUHDWHUWKHOLNHOLKRRGRIR[LGDWLRQDQGSRUNJ38)$JZKHQJULOOHGGXFNPHDWDQGVNLQFRRNHGJDQGFKLFNHQURDVWPHDWDQGVNLQJDUHWKHPRVW
VXVFHSWLEOH2WKHUW\SHVRIPHDWDUHOHVVVXVFHSWLEOHHJ,DPEJULOOHGFXWOHWVJ38)$WXUNH\
PHDWZLWKVNLQDQGEHHIIULHGVWHDNJSHUJ
7KHDGYHUVHHIIHFWRIWKHVHR[LGDWLRQSURGXFWVRQHDWLQJTXDOLW\LVZHOOUHFRJQLVHGEXWPRUHUHFHQWO\LW
KDVEHHQVXJJHVWHGWKDWVRPHRIWKHPPD\EHFDUFLQRJHQLFDQGDOVRPD\EHLQYROYHGLQWKHDJHLQJSURFHVVDQG&+'+RZHYHULWLVSRVVLEOHRUHYHQOLNHO\WKDWWKHXQSOHDVDQWIODYRXUVZRXOGFDXVHUHMHFWLRQRIWKHIRRGDWOHYHOVEHORZKDUPIXOUDQJHV
&KROHVWHUROFDQDOVREHR[LGLVHGDQGWKHR[LGDWLRQSURGXFWKDVEHHQVXJJHVWHGDVDSRVVLEOHIDFWRULQ&+'$GGLV
&DUFLQRJHQV
$QXPEHURIHSLGHPLRORJLFDOVWXGLHVKDYHVXJJHVWHGDOLQNEHWZHHQWKHLQWDNHRIDQLPDOSURWHLQDQGSUHGLVSRVLWLRQWRFDQFHUVDWYDULRXVVLWHVSDQFUHDVEUHDVWFRORQSURVWDWHDQGHQGRPHWULXPEXWWKHUHDUHPDQ\FRQWUDGLFWRU\UHSRUWV$VXPPDU\RIHOHYHQFDVHFRQWUROOHGVWXGLHVRIFRORQFDQFHUWKUHHRIVWRPDFKFDQFHUDQGRQHRIEUHDVWFDQFHUFRQFOXGHGWKDWWKHDYDLODEOHGDWDGRQRWSURYLGHFRQYLQFLQJ
HYLGHQFHWKDWUHPRYDORIPHDWIURPWKHGLHWZRXOGVXEVWDQWLDOO\UHGXFHWKHFDQFHUULVN3KLOOLSVHWDO.ULWFKHYVN\
7KHSURGXFWVRIS\URO\VLVRIRUJDQLFPDWHULDOE\RYHUKHDWLQJDQGFKDUULQJSRO\F\FOLFK\GURFDUERQV
DUHEHOLHYHGWREHFDUFLQRJHQLF7KHPRVWWKRURXJKO\LQYHVWLJDWHGRIWKHVHLVEHQ]S\UHQHZKLFKLV
IRUPHGRQWKHVXUIDFHRIEDUEHFXHGDQGEURLOHGJULOOHGDQGVPRNHGPHDWSURGXFWVLQFOXGLQJEURLOHGILVKDQGURDVWHGFRIIHH
7KHPDLQVRXUFHRIWKHVHFRPSRXQGVLVWKHIODPHLWVHOIHVSHFLDOO\IURPFKDUFRDODQGLQGLUHFWFRRNLQJZKHUHWKHIODPHLVQRWLQFRQWDFWZLWKWKHIRRGJUHDWO\UHGXFHGWKHDPRXQWSUHVHQW
1LWURVDPLQHV
1LWULWHVXVHGLQFXULQJVDOWVFDQUHDFWZLWKDPLQHVFRPPRQO\SUHVHQWLQIRRGWRIRUPQLWURVDPLQHV
7KHVHKDYHEHHQVKRZQWREHFDUFLQRJHQLFLQDOOVSHFLHVRIDQLPDOVH[DPLQHGEXWLWLVQRWFOHDUGHVSLWH
\HDUVRILQWHQVLYHUHVHDUFKZKHWKHUWKHDPRXQWVSUHVHQWLQFXUHGPHDWVDIIHFWKXPDQEHLQJV7KHSUREOHPLVSDUWLFXODUO\GLIILFXOWEHFDXVHQLWURVDPLQHVKDYHEHHQIRXQGLQKXPDQJDVWULFMXLFHSRVVLEO\IRUPHGIURPQLWULWHVDQGDPLQHVQDWXUDOO\SUHVHQWLQWKHGLHW$VDSUHFDXWLRQOHJDOO\HQIRUFHGLQVRPHFRXQWULHVWKHUHLVDWHQGHQF\WRUHGXFHWKHDPRXQWRIQLWULWHXVHGLQWKHFXULQJPL[WXUHDQGWRDGGYLWDPLQ&ZKLFKLQKLELWVWKHIRUPDWLRQRIQLWURVDPLQHV
(U\WKRUELFDFLGDQGWRFRSKHURODUHDOVRHIIHFWLYHLQUHGXFLQJQLWURVDPLQHIRUPDWLRQ7KHSUREOHPLVFRPSOH[VLQFHWKHSURFHVVRIFXULQJLVGHVLJQHGWRSUHYHQWWKHJURZWKRI&ORVWULGLXPERWXOLQXPZKLFKLVUHVSRQVLEOHIRUERWXOLVPDQGWKHULVNRIERWXOLVPLVLQFUHDVHGLIWKHFRQFHQWUDWLRQRIQLWUDWHQLWULWHLV
UHGXFHGWRRIDU0RUHRYHUFLJDUHWWHVFRQWULEXWHIDUJUHDWHUDPRXQWVRIQLWURVDPLQHVXSWRRQHKXQGUHG
WLPHVDVPXFKDVFXUHGPHDWV
2WKHUSRWHQWLDOSUREOHPV
%RYLQH6SRQJLIRUP(QFHSKDORSDWKLHV%6(
-
7/30/2019 Meat and Meat Products in Human Nutrition
9/10
7KHUHLVDJURXSRIGLVHDVHVFDOOHGSULRQGLVHDVHDOVRNQRZQDVVSRQJLIRUPHQFHSKDORSDWKLHVRUWUDQVPLVVDEOHGHPHQWLDVZKLFKLQFOXGHVRPHYHU\UDUHKXPDQGLVHDVHVVFUDSLHLQDQLPDOVDQG%6(,W
LVQRWFOHDUZKHWKHUWKHVHDOOUHSUHVHQWWKHVDPHGLVHDVHEXWWKH\KDYHLQFRPPRQWKHSUHVHQFHRIDQDEHUUDQWIRUPRIDQRUPDOFHOOSURWHLQFDOOHGSULRQSURWHLQ
,QVRPHFRXQWULHVWKHUHKDYHEHHQUHFHQWRXWEUHDNVRI%6(LQFDWWOHZLWKWKHVXVSLFLRQWKDWLWPLJKWEH
WUDQVPLWWHGWRKXPDQEHLQJVWKURXJKDIIHFWHGPHDW
7KLVLVGLIILFXOWWRSURYHRUGLVSURYHDQGWKHULVNPD\EHUHPRWHEXWLWKDVDGGHGWRRWKHUSRSXODUVXVSLFLRQVDERXWPHDWDQGPD\EHSDUWO\UHVSRQVLEOHIRUWKHUHGXFWLRQLQEHHIFRQVXPSWLRQLQVRPH
FRXQWULHV
([FHVVLYH$PRXQWVRI9LWDPLQ$LQ/LYHU
7KHUHDUHUHSRUWVLQWKHVFLHQWLILFOLWHUDWXUHRIKDUPIXOHIIHFWVRIDFXWHDQGFKURQLFH[FHVVLYHLQWDNHVRI
YLWDPLQ$PRVWO\IURPSKDUPDFHXWLFDOSUHSDUDWLRQV5HFHQWO\KRZHYHUFRQFHUQKDVEHHQH[SUHVVHGDWXQXVXDOO\KLJKOHYHOVRIYLWDPLQ$IRXQGLQVRPHIHZVDPSOHVRIDQLPDOOLYHUZKLFKLIHDWHQGXULQJWKHHDUO\VWDJHVRISUHJQDQF\PLJKWSRVVLEO\DIIHFWWKHKXPDQIRHWXV
5HVLGXHVRI'UXJV3HVWLFLGHVHWF
5HVLGXHVRIGUXJVSHVWLFLGHVDQGDJULFXOWXUDOFKHPLFDOVFDQEHIRXQGLQVPDOODPRXQWVLQPHDWDQGPHDWSURGXFWV3HVWLFLGHVIRUH[DPSOHPD\EHDSSOLHGVSHFLILFDOO\WRWKHDQLPDOVWRFRQWUROLQVHFWVRU
LQWHVWLQDOSDUDVLWHVEXWPD\DOVREHSUHVHQWLQPHDWDVDUHVXOWRIH[SRVXUHRIWKHDQLPDOVWRFKHPLFDOVXVHGRQEXLOGLQJVJUD]LQJDUHDVDQGFURSV:KLOHWKHUHLVQRFOHDUHYLGHQFHWKDWWKHVHVPDOODPRXQWVFDXVHKDUPWRWKHFRQVXPHUWKH\DUHSHUFHLYHGDVDULVN)RUWKLVUHDVRQWKHUHLVZLGHVSUHDGOHJLVODWLRQWRWHVWIRUDQGFRQWURODUDQJHRIFKHPLFDOVXEVWDQFHVWKDWPD\EHSUHVHQWLQPHDW&RGH[$
7KHSUREOHPLVFRPSOLFDWHGEHFDXVHVHYHUDOKXQGUHGVXEVWDQFHVDUHXVHGWRWUHDWDQLPDOVWRSUHVHUYH
DQLPDOKHDOWKDQGWRLPSURYHDQLPDOSURGXFWLRQ7KHVHLQFOXGHDQWLPLFURELDODJHQWVEHWDDGUHQRUHFHSWRUEORFNLQJDJHQWVXVHGWRSUHYHQWVXGGHQGHDWKLQSLJVGXHWRVWUHVVGXULQJWUDQVSRUWDQWL
KHOPLQWKLFVWUDQTXLOOL]HUVDQWLFRFFLGLDODJHQWVYDVRGLODWRUVDQGDQDHVWKHWLFV
3RWHQWLDOVDIHW\SUREOHPVDULVHIURPWKHSRVVLELOLW\RIUHVLGXHVRIWKHVHGUXJVDQGWKHLUPHWDEROLWHVUHPDLQLQJLQWKHWLVVXHVDQGPLONFRQVXPHGE\KXPDQEHLQJV6RPHWUDQTXLOOL]HUVIRUH[DPSOHDUH
XVHGLQSLJVLQWKHLPPHGLDWHSUHVODXJKWHUSHULRGZKHQWKHUHLVQRWLPHIRUWKHLUUHPRYDOWKURXJKWKHQRUPDOPHWDEROLFSURFHVVHV7KH\FDQSHUVLVWLQWKHKXPDQERG\VRWKDWUHSHDWHGLQWDNHVFRXOGSRVVLEO\UHVXOWLQDFFXPXODWLRQRIWKHGUXJV
,QRUGHUWRSURWHFWWKHFRQVXPHUVIURPVXFKULVNVWKH&RGH[$OLPHQWDULXV&RPPLVVLRQSXEOLVKHV'UDIW
&RGHVRI3UDFWLFHIRUFRQWURORIWKHXVHRIYHWHULQDU\GUXJV&RGH[$7KHVHSURYLGHJXLGHOLQHVIRUWKHSUHVFULSWLRQDSSOLFDWLRQGLVWULEXWLRQDQGFRQWURORIGUXJV
:KHUHWKHUHLVVXIILFLHQWVFLHQWLILFLQIRUPDWLRQDYDLODEOHDERXWWKHGUXJLQTXHVWLRQWKH&RGH[
&RPPLVVLRQGHILQHVWKHIROORZLQJ$FFHSWDEOH'DLO\,QWDNH$',DVDPHDVXUHRIWKHDPRXQWRIDYHWHULQDU\GUXJH[SUHVVHGRQDERG\ZHLJKWEDVLVWKDWFDQEHLQJHVWHGRYHUDOLIHWLPHZLWKRXWDSSUHFLDEOHKHDOWKULVNWKHVDPHWHUPDQGGHILQLWLRQDVXVHGIRUIRRGDGGLWLYHV7KLVLVVHWDWRQH
KXQGUHGWKRIWKHPD[LPXPQRREVHUYHGHIIHFWOHYHO12(/GHWHUPLQHGLQH[SHULPHQWDODQLPDOVRQWKHDVVXPSWLRQWKDWKXPDQEHLQJVPD\EHWHQWLPHVDVVHQVLWLYHDVWKHWHVWDQLPDOVXVHGWRGHWHUPLQH12(/DQGWKDWWKHUHPD\EHDWHQIROGUDQJHRIVHQVLWLYLW\ZLWKLQWKHKXPDQSRSXODWLRQ:KHQGDWDDUH
LQFRPSOHWHWKHVDIHW\IDFWRUPD\EHVHWDWDPXFKKLJKHUPXOWLSOH
7KHPD[LPXPDPRXQWRIUHVLGXHRIDGUXJPD[LPXPUHVLGXHOLPLW05/LVWKHPD[LPXPFRQFHQWUDWLRQSHUNJIUHVKZHLJKWRIIRRGWKDWLVUHFRPPHQGHGE\WKH&RGH[&RPPLVVLRQDVEHLQJOHJDOO\DFFHSWDEOH7KLVLVEDVHGRQWKHDPRXQWFRQVLGHUHGWREHZLWKRXWDQ\WR[LFRORJLFDOKD]DUGWR
-
7/30/2019 Meat and Meat Products in Human Nutrition
10/10
KXPDQKHDOWKDQGWDNHVDFFRXQWRIRWKHUUHOHYDQWSXEOLFKHDOWKULVNVDVZHOODVIRRGWHFKQRORJLFDODVSHFWV
$SRLQWLVPDGHLQWKHUHSRUWWKDWWKHSULQFLSDOSUREOHPLVQRWRQO\WKHVDIHW\RIWKHVXEVWDQFHVDQGWKHLUUHVLGXHVEXWWKHSXEOLFSHUFHSWLRQRIWKHLUVDIHW\
7KHUHLVQRGRXEWWKDWDGPLQLVWUDWLRQRIGUXJVWRDQLPDOVDQGELUGVLVDOZD\VDSRWHQWLDOULVNWRKXPDQ
KHDOWKDQGVRWKHUHLVDQHHGWRFRQWUROWKHXVHRIWKHVHGUXJVDQGWRPHDVXUHWKHH[WHQWRIDQ\UHVLGXHV
OHIWLQWKHIRRGLQWHQGHGIRUKXPDQEHLQJV
&RQFOXVLRQ
0HDWLVQRWDQHVVHQWLDOSDUWRIWKHGLHWEXWZLWKRXWDQLPDOSURGXFWVLWLVQHFHVVDU\WRKDYHVRPHUHDVRQDEOHNQRZOHGJHRIQXWULWLRQLQRUGHUWRVHOHFWDQDGHTXDWHGLHW(YHQVPDOOTXDQWLWLHVRIDQLPDOSURGXFWVVXSSOHPHQWDQGFRPSOHPHQWDGLHWEDVHGRQSODQWIRRGVVRWKDWLWLVQXWULWLRQDOO\DGHTXDWH
ZKHWKHURUQRWWKHUHLVLQIRUPHGVHOHFWLRQRIIRRGV
6LGHE\VLGHZLWKWKHVHNQRZQEHQHILWVRILQFOXGLQJPHDWDQGPHDWSURGXFWVLQWKHGLHWDUHSUREOHPV
DVVRFLDWHGZLWKH[FHVVLYHLQWDNHVRIVDWXUDWHGIDWVULVNVRIIRRGSRLVRQLQJIURPLPSURSHUO\SURFHVVHGSURGXFWVUHVLGXHVRIFKHPLFDOVXVHGLQDJULFXOWXUHDQGDQLPDOSURGXFWLRQDQGRWKHUSRWHQWLDOO\DGYHUVHDVSHFWVGLVFXVVHG
:LWKLQWKHVHFRQFHSWVLVWKHPDMRUSUREOHPRIPHDWSURGXFWLRQXQGHUFRQGLWLRQVWKDWDYRLGIRRG
SRLVRQLQJDQGVDWLVI\WKHHFRQRPLFGHPDQGVRISURILWDELOLW\ZLWKWKHWUDGLWLRQDOFXOWXUDODQGUHOLJLRXVFRQFHUQVRIWKHFRPPXQLW\LQTXHVWLRQ
7KHUHLVDVWHDGLO\LQFUHDVLQJGHPDQGIRUPHDWLQWKHGHYHORSLQJFRXQWULHVZKLFKFDQEHVDWLVILHGE\
LQFUHDVHGGRPHVWLFFRQVXPSWLRQDQGRULQFUHDVHGLPSRUWV,WLVWKRXJKWWKDWWKHPDMRULQFUHDVHLQ
GRPHVWLFSURGXFWLRQZLOOFRPHIURPVPDOOSURGXFHUVUDWKHUWKDQIURPFUHDWLQJODUJHSURGXFWLRQXQLWVEXWWKHVHODFNWKHHVVHQWLDOIDFLOLWLHVIRUSURGXFLQJVDIHDQGZKROHVRPHSURGXFWV
,IWKHUHLVWREHDVLJQLILFDQWLQFUHDVHLQPHDWSURGXFWLRQLWZLOOUHTXLUHFOHDUSROLF\GHFLVLRQVZLWKWKHQHFHVVDU\ILQDQFLDOOHJLVODWLYHDQGWHFKQLFDOVXSSRUW7KHUHLVFRQVLGHUDEOHSRWHQWLDOIRULQFUHDVHGVXSSOLHVWKURXJKEHWWHUPDQDJHPHQWVHOHFWLRQRIDQLPDOVDYRLGDQFHRIZDVWHDQGPDNLQJXVHRILQGLJHQRXVVSHFLHV
,IH[SRUWVDUHWREHFRQVLGHUHGWKHQDWWHQWLRQKDVWREHSDLGWRWKHVWULFWK\JLHQLFDQGVDIHW\UHTXLUHPHQWVLQYROYHGZKDWHYHUWKHGRPHVWLFPDUNHWPLJKWWROHUDWH
&RQWHQWV 3UHYLRXV1H[W