max iv 3 gev ring commissioning
TRANSCRIPT
APS-U Risk Management Workshop Feb 2016
MAX IV 3 GeV Ring Commissioning
Pedro F. Tavares on behalf of the MAX IV team
APS-U Risk Workshop / Feb 2016
APS-U Risk Management Workshop Feb 2016
Summary
●The MAX IV Facility
●The MAX IV 3 GeV Ring
● Project Timeline
●Technical Challenges
●Commissioning Highlights
●Risk Management in the MAX IV Project
●Conclusions – Next Steps
APS-U Risk Management Workshop Feb 2016
Conceptual Basis of the MAX IV Design
• Scientific Case calls for high brightness radiation
over a wide spectral and time range: IR to Hard R-
rays, Short X-Ray Pulses.
• Need for high brightness: low emittance and
optimized insertion devices.
• This is hard to achieve in a single machine:
• higher electron beam energy harder photons
• lower electron beam energy softer photons
One size does not fit all !
APS-U Risk Management Workshop Feb 2016
The MAX IV Approach
●Different machines for different uses: • A high energy ring with ultra-low emittance for
hard X-ray users.
• A low emittance low energy ring for soft radiation users
• A LINAC based source for generating short pulses and allowing for future development of an FEL source.
APS-U Risk Management Workshop Feb 2016
MAX IV - An integrated Solution
MBA Lattice Ultra-low emittance robust, high stability. large momentum aperture
Large
Number
of
Magnets
Small
Magnet
Apertures
Wake-Fields
Low RF frequency
Full Energy
Injector LINAC:
Short Pulses
Long
Bunches
Landau
Cavities
Compact
Magnet Design.
High precision,
High vibration
frequencies
Narrow
vacuum
Chambers
Multi-
purpose
Strong
Magnets
IBS
Low Vacuum
Conductance High Heat
Load
Density
Copper
Chambers
100 %
NEG
Coating
APS-U Risk Management Workshop Feb 2016
© Photo: Perry Nordeng 18-Sept-2014
Energy 3 GeV
Current 500 mA
Emittance 0.2 - 0.33 nm rad
Circumference 528 mA
# straight sections 20 5 m
APS-U Risk Management Workshop Feb 2016 Annika Nyberg, MAX IV-laboratoriet, 2012
MAX IV – an overview
Linear Accelerator
3 GeV Storage Ring
1.5 GeV SR
Short Pulse Facility
APS-U Risk Management Workshop Feb 2016
The MAX IV 3 GeV ring Lattice 7-bend achromat 20 periods
Picture MAX IV DDR
Matching Cells
Unit Cells
APS-U Risk Management Workshop Feb 2016 Slide by Martin Johansson
MAX IV 3 GeV Ring DC Magnets • Each cell is realized as one mechanical unit containing all magnet elements. •Each unit consists of a bottom and a top yoke half, machined out of one solid iron block, 2.3-3.4 m long.
APS-U Risk Management Workshop Feb 2016
DC Magnet Production History 100
80
60
40
20
0
% D
eliv
ere
d
Feb
/20
14
Ma
r/2
01
4
Ap
r/2
01
4
Ma
y/2
01
4
Jun
/201
4
Ju
l/2
01
4
Au
g/2
01
4
Se
p/2
01
4
Oct/
20
14
94 % delivered100 % approved for delivery
All Blocks M1, M2, U3 U1, U2, U4, U5
APS-U Risk Management Workshop Feb 2016
One achromat
MAX IV 3 GeV ring vacuum system layout
BPM
Ion pump location
Absorber location
Sector valve location
VC10 VC1
VC2 VC3
VC4
VC5
VC6
VC7
VC8
VC9
Slide by E.Al-dmour
APS-U Risk Management Workshop Feb 2016
Chamber Production History
100
80
60
40
20
0
% C
om
ple
te
Jul/2013 Oct/2013 Jan/2014 Apr/2014 Jul/2014 Oct/2014
Parts ready Assembled Cleaned Tested
“standard “ chambers
APS-U Risk Management Workshop Feb 2016
First Assembly Results from MAX IV – Mockup tests
Pictures by Chiara Pasquino
APS-U Risk Management Workshop Feb 2016
3 GeV Ring Commissioning Timeline
Beam in TR3
Aug 11
2015
First Turn
Aug 25
2015
Stored Beam
0.1 mA
Sep 15
2015
Stacking
4 mA
Oct 08
2015
First Light
Nov 2
2015
120 mA
Jan/31
2016
APS-U Risk Management Workshop Feb 2016
Early Commissioning Results
● Beam observed at the end of TR3 and into the ring.
M1
2015/08/11
Picture J.Alhbäck
APS-U Risk Management Workshop Feb 2016
Threading the beam – first turn – many turns
2015/08/26 2015/08/27
3 passes
35 passes
2015/08/25
All correctors OFF
APS-U Risk Management Workshop Feb 2016
First Stored Beam
Injected beam
Injection Stored beam 2 seconds after previous injection pulse
Kicker Current
Revolution period
2015/09/15
APS-U Risk Management Workshop Feb 2016
Capture and Bunching
2015/09/23
First pass
500 MHz from Chopper 100 turns 150 turns
175 turns 200 turns
Plots S.Leeman
APS-U Risk Management Workshop Feb 2016
Linear Optics Characterization: Integer Tunes
-2
-1
0
1
2
DX
[m
m]
500400300200100
S[m]
Model Experiment
M1-COAX-01 changed by 0.1 mrad
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
DY
[mm
]
500400300200100
S[m]
Model Experiment
M1-COAY-01 changed by 0.1 mrad
APS-U Risk Management Workshop Feb 2016
LOCO: reduction in dispersion beating Before LOCO
After LOCO
APS-U Risk Management Workshop Feb 2016
Linear Optics Characterization: Fractional Tunes
Horizontal Tune from TBT data Excitation by Kicker&Pinger
qy=0.22 qx=0.32
Tunes on Spectrum Analyzer Excitation by Stripline
APS-U Risk Management Workshop Feb 2016
BPM Offsets ● Measured by BBC using trim coils in sextupole magnets
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
Off
se
t [m
m]
500400300200100
S[m]
Horizontal Vertical
RMS: 144 µm H / 138 µm V
APS-U Risk Management Workshop Feb 2016
Orbit Correction Residual RMS: 0.7 µm H / 62 µm V
-2x10-3
-1
0
1
2
X[m
m]
500400300200100
S[m]
Horizontal OrbitRMS = 0.7 µm
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
Y[m
m]
500400300200100
S[m]
Vertical OrbitRMS = 62 µm
APS-U Risk Management Workshop Feb 2016
Beam Lifetime 1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
I*[
mA
.hr]
12:00 AM1/31/2016
2:00 AM 4:00 AM 6:00 AM
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
Curre
nt[A
]
ITAU Current
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Am
pC
avLoops[m
V]
12:00 PM1/30/2016
3:00 PM 6:00 PM
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
I*[mA
.hr]
r3-a101911cab03/rf/nutaq-01/diag_ampcavloopsa_value ITAU
400
300
200
100
0
r3-a
10
01
11
ca
b0
3/r
f/n
uta
qd
iag
s-0
1/d
iag
_a
mp
lan
da
ub
[m
V]
3:00 AM1/31/2016
6:00 AM 9:00 AM 12:00 PM
1600
1500
1400
1300
1200
1100
1000
I*[mA
.hr]
r3-a101911cab03/rf/nutaqdiags-01/diag_amplandaua_value ITAU
APS-U Risk Management Workshop Feb 2016
Collective Effects – Single Bunch ● No signs of TMCI up to 8.55 mA (nominal 2.8 mA/bunch).
● Significant bunch lengthening even without harmonic cavities
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
Q
y/Q
s
6543210
Single Bunch Current [mA]
180
160
140
120
Bunch L
ength
FW
HM
(ps)
2.52.01.51.00.5
Single-Bunch Current [mA]
APS-U Risk Management Workshop Feb 2016
Collective Effects - Multibunch
● Possible to store >120 mA without feedback and without harmonic cavities. Predicted RW threshold was only ~ 40 mA !
● HOM driven longitudinal motion is evident at a few mA in uniform fill.
● Temperature tuning has proved effective in fighting longitudinal CBI.
● Harmonic Cavities not fully tuned-in in yet. Need more conditioning
● Preliminary BBB feedback tests using a short stripline showed a longitudinally stable beam up to 35 mA.
● Longer striplines for BBB feedback to be installed in february
● Longitudinal Actuator (cavity) under design
APS-U Risk Management Workshop Feb 2016
Sigma polarized SR, 632.8 nm, SRW calculation (left) and measured image (right). The simulation is done for εx = 320 pm rad, βy = 1.5 m. Both figures show a 2 x 2 mm^2 area of the image plane. The fringe pattern is too weak to be visible. Optical magnification of m=-2.28 is taken into account in the SRW model Horizontal opening angle: 6 mrad Vertical opening angle: 8 mrad Exposure time: 2.9 ms
Slide by J.Breulin
Emittance Measurement
APS-U Risk Management Workshop Feb 2016
Horizontal intensity profile of imaged sigma polarized SR. Due to the reduced horizontal opening angle the fringe pattern is not as pronounced as it could be, but easier to understand and to calculate. Present setup is limited by optical aberations (from misalignments) and surface quality from optical components (some are inherited from MAX II, MAX III). Steady improvements during the next weeks are planned. Camera linearity might also be an issue! Challenges on the SRW model side are to include for example: variation of dipole field, variation of beta_x, variation of vertical opening angle, along the observed electron beam path.
Slide by J.Breulin
APS-U Risk Management Workshop Feb 2016
Main Problems/Difficulties
● RF Cavity Conditioning
● RF System commissioning (LLRF, Shunt Groups)
● Diagnostic System Commissioning
– BPMs
● Kicker Magnet PS failure
● Gun Klystron Failures
● Long Radiation Surveys
● Cooling System Failures
● Control System Commissioning
● PS Failures
APS-U Risk Management Workshop Feb 2016
Next Steps ● February 2016: First two in-vacuum undulators, Striplines for BBB
feeback.
● March to July 2016: – Further conditioning of RF cavities
• Main cavities • Harmonic cavities
– Further linear optics trimming • LOCO, shunting
– Non-linear optics trimming – Collective Effects studies (Harmonic cavity tuning) – Bunch-by-Bunch feedback commissioning
● May 2016: 2 EPUs in the 3 GeV Ring, Transfer Line and LASt Achromat in 1.5 GeV ring
● September-December 2016 : 1.5 GeV ring commissioning
● November 2016: Friendly users (3 GeV ring)
● March 2017: First open call users (3 GeV ring)
● Feb 2017: First Ids in the 1.5 GeV ring
● May-June 2017: LINAC RF upgrade
APS-U Risk Management Workshop Feb 2016
Risk Management for the MAX IV Project
Risks Probability Impact Mitigating Measure
Delays due to procurement
procedures High High
Detailed procurement planning with
participation from technical
personnel. Reinforce procurement
team.
Errors in Planning and/or
need to direct manpower to
other activities Medium High
Close follow-up of milestones;
Unambiguous declaration of
priorities by upper management.
Exchange rate Fluctuations Low High
Follow market trends; Financial
management
Dependence on few
suppliers for long lead items Medium High
Make the design such that more
competition from different suppliers
is possible
Loss of Key personnel Low High Maintain team motivation
General Risks
Early risk identification exercise (Autumn 2010)
APS-U Risk Management Workshop Feb 2016
Eaarly Risk Identification Exercise (cont.)
Delays in Conventional
Facilites Project Medium High Close follow-up of milestones
Changes to Requirements
on Conventional Facilities Medium High Active integration management
Delays in Long Lead Items -
Magnets, Vacuum Low High Close follow-up of milestones
Difficulties in reaching
magnet machining
tolerances High High Early prototyping
Delays in Long Lead Items -
RF Cavities - operation at
high power. Medium High
Close follow-up of milestones;
Close interaction in development
with supplier
Vibration and Support
Design Medium High Early Testing and Prototyping
Delays in installation due to
cabling Medium Medium
Detailed planning; Early set up
adequate integration tools; design
for simple installation
Neg coating - single supplier Medium High
Early technical discussions and
early procurement.
Technical/Development Risks
Risks Probability Impact Mitigating Measure
APS-U Risk Management Workshop Feb 2016
Risks/Challenges that became apparent later
● Transition from Prototype to series production
● Integration
● Control System readiness for commissioning
● RF Transmitters
APS-U Risk Management Workshop Feb 2016
Conclusions
● Progress with the initial phase of MAX IV 3 GeV ring commissioning gives us increased confidence that the MBA concept is sound.
● Much is still to be done to reach the final design specifications, but nothing indicates there is any fundamental obstacle ahead.
● Most difficulties are related to technical subystems that need time for conditioning/maturing