matters for america - east-west center

A S I A

A S I AA M E R I C AM AT T E R S F O R

M AT T E R S F O R

AsiaMattersforAmerica.org

ASIA MATTERS FOR AM

ERICA1

AS

IA M

ATT

ERS

FOR

AM

ERIC

A

ASIA MATTERS FOR AMERICA/AMERICA MATTERS FOR ASIAThis initiative maps the trade, investment, employment, business, diplomacy, security, education, tourism, and people-to-people connections between the United States and the Indo-Pacific at the national, state, and local levels. This publication, the one-page connections summaries for states and Congressional districts, and the AsiaMattersforAmerica.org website are resources for understanding the robust and dynamic US-Indo-Pacific relationship.


Project TeamDirector: Satu Limaye, Ph.D. Coordinators: Caitlin Brophy and Colby Ferland Research & Content: Tanvi Banerjee, Kyle Bezold, Cathy Dao, Rivvy Eisenberg, Allison Golden, Kimlay Leav, Yegene Joyce Lee, Celine Mahne, Elyse Mark, Karen Mascariñas, Yeseul Oh, Luke Pluta-Ehlers, Savannah Shih, Karunia “Karin” Silitonga, Seulah Song, Elizabeth Smith, Ross Tokola, Peter Valente, Sarah Wang, Serphina Wang, Michael Weaver, and Sinae Yu

Copyright © 2018 East-West Center

The East-West Center promotes better relations and understanding among the people and nations of the United States, Asia, and the Pacific through cooperative study, research, and dialogue. Established by the US Congress in 1960, the Center serves as a resource for information and analysis on critical issues of common concern, bringing people together to exchange views, build expertise, and develop policy options.

2

AS

IA M

ATT

ERS

FOR

AM

ERIC

A

HIGHLIGHTS3

SECURITYUS Security Challenges and Opportunities in the Indo-Pacific Are IncreasingAustralia, Japan, the Philippines, South Korea, and Thailand are US treaty allies and the US has expanded partnerships with other countries in the region.

TRADE30% of US Goods and Services Exports Go to the Indo-PacificThe Indo-Pacific is the United States’ largest trading partner, with nearly $1.8 trillion in total trade in a year.

JOBSThree Million US Jobs Are Supported by Exports to and Investment from the Indo-PacificCalifornia alone has over 300,000 jobs supported by US exports to the Indo-Pacific’s markets, an increase of over 125,000 jobs in just five years.

INVESTMENTThe Indo-Pacific’s FDI in the US Grew by 112%, and US FDI in the Indo-Pacific Grew by 87% Within the Past Decade The value of foreign direct investment (FDI) from the Indo-Pacific in the United States increased from $323 billion to over $684 billion during the past decade.

Highlights Highlights

TRAVEL AND TOURISMThe United States and Indo-Pacific Exchange Nearly 28 Million Visitors Asian visitor spending contributed almost $90 billion to the US economy in a year.

EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGEStudents from the Indo-Pacific Contribute More Than $25 Billion to the US EconomyOver 730,000 Asian students study in the United States in an academic year, more than twice the number from the rest of the world combined.

POPULATIONAsians Are the Fastest Growing Population Group in the United StatesMost recent data show that immigrants from the Indo-Pacific accounted for 29% of naturalizations in the United States over a year, totaling nearly 216,500.

SISTER PARTNERSHIPSThe United States and the Indo-Pacific Share Over 1,000 Sister State and City RelationshipsThe United States has more sister city relationships with the Indo-Pacific than with any other region in the world.

4

AS

IA M

ATT

ERS

FOR

AM

ERIC

A

INTRODUCTION5

The Indo-Pacific Is a Region of Growing ImportanceThe Indo-Pacific region† is home to more than half the world’s population, speaking 3,000 languages. This region includes the most populous country in the world (China), the largest democracy (India), and the largest Muslim-majority country (Indonesia).

Two of the three biggest global economies (Japan and China) are located in the Indo-Pacific and the region’s overall gross domestic product (GDP) totals $273 trillion. The Indo-Pacific is the fastest growing economic region in the world, with a growth rate of 5.7%. An estimated 60% of global maritime trade traverses the sea lanes of the South China Sea, and the region boasts nine of the 10 largest ports in the world.

The Indo-Pacific also hosts three of the five largest standing military forces. Five countries are treaty allies of the United States, and there are more US troops stationed in the Indo-Pacific than in any other region in the world.

MAP OF THE INDO-PACIFIC

East China Sea

Phillippine Sea

Bay of Bengal

Arabian Sea

Indian Ocean

Paci�c Ocean

Tasman Sea

Yellow Sea

Sea of Japan

Coral Sea

South China

Sea

CHINA

JAPAN

MONGOLIA

NORTH KOREA

SOUTH KOREA

TAIWAN

HONG KONG

BRUNEI

MYANMAR

CAMBODIA

INDONESIA

LAOS

MALAYSIA

PHILIPPINES

SINGAPORE

THAILAND

VIETNAM

TIMOR-LESTE

BANGLADESH

BHUTAN

INDIA

MALDIVES

NEPAL

SRI LANKA

AUSTRALIA

FIJI

KIRIBATI

MARSHALL ISLANDSFEDERATED STATES

OF MICRONESIA

NAURU

NEW ZEALAND

PALAU

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

SAMOA

SOLOMON ISLANDS

TONGA

TUVALU

VANUATU

IRAN

OMAN

YEMEN

SAUDI ARABIA

SAUDI U.A.E.

KUWAIT

AFGHANISTAN

KYRGYSTAN

KAZAKHSTAN

RUSSIA

TAJIKISTAN

PAKISTAN

ASEAN*Population: 647 millionGross Domestic Product (GDP): $2.77 trillionASEAN’s 10 member states combined are the 5th largest Indo-Pacific investor in the United States.

JAPANPopulation: 127 millionGross Domestic Product (GDP): $4.87 trillionOne of the United States’ closest allies, Japan is the top foreign investor in the United States.

AUSTRALIAPopulation: 25 millionGross Domestic Product (GDP): $1.32 trillionThe United States and Australia have been allies since 1951 and have had a free trade agreement since 2005.

SOUTH KOREAPopulation: 51 millionGross Domestic Product (GDP): $1.53 trillionSouth Korea is a free trade partner and a treaty ally of the United States.

CHINAPopulation: 1.39 billionGross Domestic Product (GDP): $12.24 trillionChina is the United States’ largest trade partner in the Indo-Pacific.

TAIWANPopulation: 24 millionGross Domestic Product (GDP): $579.3 billionTaiwan is a democracy and is among the United States' 10 largest trade partners.

INDIAPopulation: 1.34 billionGross Domestic Product (GDP): $2.6 trillionIndia has been designated a Major Defense Partner and a top-tier Strategic Trade country for the United States.

PACIFIC ISLANDS**Population: 12 millionGross Domestic Product (GDP): $30.8 billionThe United States provides the Pacific Islands with economic development assistance and has important security and military ties in the region.

†The Asia Matters for America initiative defines the region as those countries comprising the US Indo-Pacific Command area of responsibility.*The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member countries are Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.**Pacific Islands includes independent member countries of the Pacific Islands Conference of Leaders (PICL): Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu.Sources: World Bank and CIA World Fact Book, 2017 dataNumbers rounded throughout publication. All monetary values are in US$ unless otherwise noted. Whenever possible, most recent available data is used. For the most up-to-date data please visit AsiaMattersforAmerica.org

6

AS

IA M

ATT

ERS

FOR

AM

ERIC

A

SECURITY7

US Security Challenges and Opportunities in the Indo-Pacific Are IncreasingThe Indo-Pacific region is home to US allies and partners, rising powers whose choices affect the United States’ safety and prosperity, and key security challenges ranging from nuclear weapons to contested territory. Australia, Japan, the Philippines, South Korea, and Thailand are US treaty allies and the United States has expanded partnerships with other countries in the region. Many countries in the Indo-Pacific have achieved impressive economic growth over the past quarter century. The region is key to successfully handling global challenges such as equitable economic growth, environmental degradation, pandemic diseases, illegal trafficking, and global governance. However, in the region serious security problems such as historical animosities, territorial disputes, and weak regional institutions persist. China’s extraordinary economic and military development, with a combined assertive and cooperative approach to regional relations, is a central dynamic shaping the region. For the United States, alliances and partnerships remain the bedrock of its approach to the region. The United States is devoting more attention and resources there, given ongoing security challenges including working with regional groupings such as the East Asia Summit (EAS), the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum, and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).

Excluding Hawai′i, the United States has nearly 87,000 active duty troops in the Indo-Pacific region, stationed at over 180 US military installations and bases. Japan is home to the most facilities, with 80, followed by South Korea with over 60 facilities. In recent years, the United States delivered over $6 billion in defense equipment to the region, with $2 billion going to Australia alone, and over $1 billion to South Korea. The United States maintains dozens of regular military exercises with Indo-Pacific countries, both bilateral and multilateral. Additionally, the US National Guard conducts the State Partnership Program (SPP), which links a US state’s National Guard with a partner nation’s military/security forces to conduct security cooperation exercises, disaster response training, and leadership development programs, and to cultivate institutional relationships. Currently, six US states are partnered with nine countries in the region, holding over 100 events in a single year.

US MILITARY ASSISTANCE* IN THE INDO-PACIFIC1 Philippines $141.2m 6 Cambodia $8.7m

2 Indonesia $36.5m 7 Malaysia $4.7m

3 Vietnam $22.7m 8 Bangladesh $4.3m

4 Nepal $21.1m 9 Mongolia $3.7m

5 Thailand $8.7m 10 Laos $3.5m

TOP 10 COUNTRIES US NATIONAL GUARD STATE PARTERSHIP PROGRAMS WITH INDO-PACIFIC COUNTRIES

US ALLIANCES AND MILITARY PERSONNEL IN THE INDO-PACIFIC

*The funding listed in the table accounts for programs such as Foreign Military Financing (FMF), and International Military Education and Training (IMET), as well as many other programs maintained by the Department of Defense, Department of State, and other relevant implementing agencies utilized by USAID’s Foreign Aid Explorer, 2016 data. Sources: United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 2016 data; Defense Manpower Data Center, US Department of Defense (US DoD), June 2018 data; US DoD, Base Structure Report 2015; US Indo-Pacific Command, US Navy; US Army, Pacific; US Marine Corps Forces, Pacific; Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2016-2017 data; US National Guard State Partnership Program (SSP), 2016 Annual Report to Congress

US Treaty Allies

Troop PresenceJAPANSOUTH KOREA

PHILIPPINES

GUAM

SINGAPORE

BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERRITORY

53,660

6,071

284

209

303 305

26,045

LEGEND

AUSTRALIA1,509

THAILAND

Japan hosts the largest number of US troops in the Indo-Pacific. Japan alone is estimated to host over 32% of the United States’ overseas troop presence globally.

South Korea consistently hosts up to 28.5 thousand US military personnel to help defend the country.

July 4th, 2018 marked “100 Years of Mateship” for the US and Australia, honoring their shared sacrifice as allies in every war involving the United States over the last century. Australia holds several annual and biennial military exercises with the United States, that focus on coordinating responses to emergency situations and security threats.

The Philippines plays an important role in cooperating with the United States on maritime security and counterterrorism. In recent years, the United States delivered over $100 million worth of defense equipment to the Philippines.

Thailand is the United States' oldest formal treaty partner in the Indo-Pacific, signing an agreement in 1833.

ALASKA AND MONGOLIA

HAWAI´I AND INDONESIA

HAWAI´I AND PHILIPPINES

IDAHO AND CAMBODIA

NEVADA AND TONGA

OREGON AND BANGLADESH

OREGON AND VIETNAM

WASHINGTON AND

THAILAND

14 programs

11 programs

19 programs

7 programs

16 programs

14 programs

9 programs

20 programs

8

AS

IA M

ATT

ERS

FOR

AM

ERIC

A

TRADE9

30% of US Goods and Services Exports Go to the Indo-PacificThe Indo-Pacific is the United States’ largest trading partner, with nearly $1.8 trillion in total trade in a year.

The United States exports nearly $700 billion in goods and services to the Indo-Pacific, a 47% increase over a decade. The United States exports more to the Indo-Pacific than to Canada and Mexico combined. Three of the United States’ 20 Free Trade Agreement (FTA) partners are in the Indo-Pacific (Australia, South Korea, and Singapore). An additional 14 countries in the region maintain Trade and Investment Framework Agreements (TIFAs) with the United States, including nine ASEAN member countries (Singapore has an FTA). Five of the United States’ top 10 bilateral trading partners are in the Indo-Pacific: China(1st), Japan(4th), South Korea(7th), India(9th), and Taiwan (10th).

Indo-Paci�c $689b

Europe $625bNAFTA $618b

Global Financial Crisis

$300b

$400b

$500b

$600b

$700b

2017201620152014201320122011201020092008

US EXPORTS OF GOODS AND SERVICES

US GOODS AND SERVICES EXPORTS TO THE INDO-PACIFIC BY STATE

COMPOSITION OF US GOODS AND SERVICES EXPORTS

LEGEND

$5 billion or less$5.1 - 10 billion

$10.1 - 20 billion

$20.1 - 50 billion

$50.1 billion or more

$7.1b

$7.3b

$12.8b

$16.2b

$20.2b

$13.7b

$13.4b

$9.2b

$11.5b

$8.7b

$2b

$14b

$14.7b

$39.6b

$1.2b

$17.2b$1.2b

$5.5b$13b

$1.9b$6.4b

$11.1b$25.7b

$3b

$2.7b

$9.4b

$3.6b$2.1b

$11.7b

$17.2b

$3.8b

$7.1b

$7b

$2b

$605m

$2b

$1.7b$9.6b

$6.3b$5.5b

$109.2b

$38.5b

$7b

$1.1b

$4.8b

$5.1b

$2.6b

$61.5b

$1.6b

$1.5b$2b

NEW MEXICO

MASSACHUSETTSRHODE ISLANDCONNECTICUTNEW JERSEY DELAWAREMARYLAND

NEVADA

WYOMING

MONTANA NORTH DAKOTA

SOUTH DAKOTA

WESTVIRGINIA

MAINE

MISSISSIPPI

OKLAHOMA

HAWAI′I

WASHINGTON

OREGON

CALIFORNIA

UTAH

ARIZONA

COLORADO

IDAHO

NEBRASKA

TEXAS

MINNESOTA

IOWA

WISCONSIN

MICHIGAN

ILLINOIS INDIANAOHIO

KENTUCKY

TENNESSEE

ALABAMA

LOUISIANA

GEORGIA

FLORIDA

S CAROLINA

N CAROLINA

PENNSYLVANIA

NEWYORK

MISSOURI

ARKANSAS

KANSAS

ALASKA

VIRGINIADISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

VERMONTNEW HAMPSHIRE

Source exports line graph: US Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2008-2017 dataSource US map and composition of exports: Estimated by the Trade Partnership (Washington, DC), 2016 data

Transportation Services

$25.6b

Business, Professional and Technical Services

$30.8b

Other Service Exports$38.1b

Royalties and License Fees

$38.4b

Agricultural Products$35.8b

Machinery$35.7b

Miscellaneous Manufacturing$26b

18%

12%

11%

8%

6%6%

5%

4%

13%

6%

6%

4%

Other Goods Exports$106.7b

Computers & Electronic Products$74.5b

Transportation Equipment$67.8b

Chemicals$45.7b

Travel$78.6b

South Korea is Montana’s 2nd largest export market.

Wyoming’s exports to India have grown faster than those to any other country in the world, up to $17 million from $34 thousand a decade before.

Singapore has increased its purchases of Maryland's exports by $139 million in the last ten years.

Over a decade, Missouri’s exports to Myanmar increased 255-fold, from $16,000 to more than $4 million.

10

AS

IA M

ATT

ERS

FOR

AM

ERIC

A

TRADE11

The Indo-Pacific accounts for 40% of the total world exports to the United States with nearly $1.2 trillion in goods and services exported in a single year. Europe ranks 2nd among the United States' largest regional trade partners, with nearly $740 billion in exports to the United States in the same period.

EXPORTS TO THE US BY REGION

GROWTH OF INDO-PACIFIC EXPORTS

INDO-PACIFIC GOODS EXPORTS TO THE US BY COUNTRY

The Indo-Pacific's exports to the US grew by nearly 40% in the last decade.

Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), 2016 data Source pie chart: US BEA, 2017 data Source Indo-Pacific map: US International Trade Administration, 2016 data

LEGEND

Not Available

$10 million or less$11 million - 1 billion

$1.1 - 10 billion

$10.1 - 50 billion


$58k

$5m

$4m

$536k

$39m

$1m

$2m$91m

$6m

$203m

$4b

$3m

$5m

$10b

$20m

$18b

$3b$1m

$42b

$3b

$119m

$7b

$39b

$70b

$132b$463b

$10b

$14m

$37b

$19b

$4m

$6b

$89m

$46b $55m$245m

$29b

N/A

$11m

CHINA JAPAN

MONGOLIA

NORTH KOREA SOUTH

KOREA

TAIWAN

HONG KONG

MACAU

BRUNEI

MYANMAR

CAMBODIA

INDONESIA

LAOS

MALAYSIA

PHILIPPINES

SINGAPORE

THAILAND

VIETNAM

TIMOR-LESTE

BANGLADESH

BHUTAN

INDIA

MALDIVES

NEPAL

SRI LANKA

AUSTRALIA

FIJI

KIRIBATI

MARSHALL ISLANDS

FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA NAURU

NEW ZEALAND

PALAU

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

SAMOA

SOLOMON ISLANDS

TONGA

TUVALU

VANUATU

Indo-Paci�c$1.2t

Europe$738b

NAFTA$685b

Other$319b

25%

24%

11%40%

Indo-Paci�c$1.2t

Europe$738bNAFTA$685b

$300b

$450b

$600b

$750b

$900b

$1050b

$1200b

2017201620152014201320122011201020092008

Global Financial Crisis

TOP 10 COUNTRIES

Vietnam’s exports to the US grew 300% over a decade, the highest growth rate among ASEAN member states.

South Korea, the United States' 3rd largest export partner in the Indo-Pacific region, saw a 41% increase in exports over a decade.

US SERVICES TRADE SURPLUSES WITH INDO-PACIFIC COUNTRIES1 China $38b 6 Taiwan $4b

2 Australia $14.7b 7 Indonesia $1.5b

3 Japan $13.2b 8 Hong Kong $1.3b

4 South Korea $10.1b 9 Malaysia $1.1b

5 Singapore $9.7b 10 Vietnam $1b

12

AS

IA M

ATT

ERS

FOR

AM

ERIC

A

JOBS13

Three Million US Jobs Are Supported by Exports to and Investment from the Indo-PacificUS exports to the Indo-Pacific directly support 1.8 million US jobs. Twenty-nine US states have at least 20,000 jobs supported by exports to the Indo-Pacific. California alone has over 300,000 jobs supported by US exports to the Indo-Pacific's markets, an increase of over 125,000 jobs in just five years. Additionally, exports to the Indo-Pacific support up to 1.7 million indirect jobs* throughout the United States.

Over 1.2 million Americans are employed by Indo-Pacific majority owned multinational enterprises (MNEs) in the United States. Greenfield investment** from Indo-Pacific countries has created over half a million jobs, including over 90,000 in California and over 50,000 in Texas.

LEGEND

10,000 or fewer10,001 - 20,000

20,001 - 30,000

30,001 - 50,000

50,001 or more

13,504

22,167

35,710

45,759

71,854

29,506

41,195

28,803

34,806

25,087

4,841

43,483

41,428

125,101

4,197

50,471 3,753

14,670 35,271

4,966 21,012

34,417 84,417

12,612

11,648

20,068

9,014 8,176

40,006

47,426

12,107

28,048

30,983

12,147

1,556

11,806

6,229 31,169

16,044 22,847

319,046

92,436

24,586

5,205

21,584

19,939

9,993

154,401

6,608

4,879 6,431

NEW MEXICO


NEVADA

WYOMING


SOUTH DAKOTA

WESTVIRGINIA

MAINE

MISSISSIPPI

OKLAHOMA

HAWAI′I

WASHINGTON

OREGON

CALIFORNIA

UTAH

ARIZONA

COLORADO

IDAHO

NEBRASKA

TEXAS

MINNESOTA

IOWA

WISCONSIN

MICHIGAN


KENTUCKY

TENNESSEE

ALABAMA

LOUISIANA

GEORGIA

FLORIDA

S CAROLINA

N CAROLINA

PENNSYLVANIA

NEWYORK

MISSOURI

ARKANSAS

KANSAS

ALASKA



JOBS CREATED BY GREENFIELD INVESTMENT** FROM THE INDO-PACIFIC1 California 95,674

2 Texas 54,674

3 Georgia 32,527

4 New York 31,627

5 Tennessee 30,900

6 Indiana 29,123

7 Alabama 27,555

8 Michigan 25,135

9 Ohio 21,396

10 South Carolina 17,384

TOP 10 STATES

JOBS SUPPORTED BY EXPORTS TO THE INDO-PACIFIC

*Adding direct and indirect jobs estimates would provide the national job impact of a congressional district’s exports for a given industry, but would overstate the number of jobs supported in the district itself.**Greenfield investment refers to the building or expansion of new facilities rather than purchases or merges with existing companies.Source US map: Estimated by the Trade Partnership (Washington, DC), 2016 dataSource greenfield investment jobs: fDi Markets, January 2003-August 2018 dataSource foreign MNE employment: US Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), 2015 data

US EMPLOYMENT AT FOREIGN MAJORITY OWNED ENTERPRISES18% of US jobs at foreign owned enterprises are at Indo-Pacific companies

Europe4,319

Indo-Paci�c1,228

Canada636

Other638

9%

9%

18% 63%

Exports to the Indo-Pacific support more direct jobs in all four of Iowa’s congressional districts than the national average of 4,136.

The growth of jobs from exports to the Indo-Pacific from Oregon outpaced every other US state.

Georgia has the 9th largest number of jobs supported by exports to the Indo-Pacific, a growth of 42% in a half decade.

14

AS

IA M

ATT

ERS

FOR

AM

ERIC

A

INVESTMENT

15

The Indo-Pacific’s FDI in the US Grew by 112%, and US FDI in the Indo-Pacific Grew by 87% Within the Past DecadeThe value of foreign direct investment (FDI) from the Indo-Pacific in the United States increased from $323 billion to over $684 billion during the past decade. Concurrently, US FDI in the Indo-Pacific increased to over $940 billion, up from $502 billion. Japan and South Korea are the only Indo-Pacific countries that invest more in the United States than vice versa.

LEGEND

NEW ZEALAND$12b$164m

Total Two-Way Investment

US Direct Investment in the Indo-Paci�c

FDI in the US from the Indo-Paci�c

JAPAN$129b$469b

CHINA$108b$40b

TAIWAN$17b$8b

INDIA$44b$10b

ASEAN$329b$28b

AUSTRALIA$169b$67b

SOUTH KOREA$42b$52b

HONG KONG$81b$11b

$39b$41b

$27b

US-INDO-PACIFIC DIRECT INVESTMENT IN REGIONAL CONTEXT

*Countries represented include Australia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand. Depository institutions, insurance, and industries listed by the US BEA as "Other" are excluded.**Countries represented include Australia, China, Hong Kong, India, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, and Taiwan. Depository institutions, insurance, and industries listed by the US BEA as "Other" are excluded.Source line graph and map: US Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) Direct Investment Position Data, 2009-2017 dataSource US investment by industry: US Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) US Direct Investment Abroad on a Historical-Cost Basis, 2017 dataSource Indo-Pacific investment by industry: US BEA Foreign Direct Investment in the US on a Historical-Cost Basis, 2017 data

DIRECT INVESTMENT GROWTHTwo-way direct investment has grown steadily between the United States and the Indo-Pacific

0

$100b

$200b

$300b

$400b

$500b

$600b

$700b

$800b

$900b

201720162015201420132012201120102009

Indo-Paci�c Direct Investment in the US

US Direct Investment in the Indo-Paci�c

$684b

$940b

US DIRECT INVESTMENT IN INDO-PACIFIC COUNTRIES BY INDUSTRY*

INDO-PACIFIC INVESTMENT IN THE UNITED STATES BY INDUSTRY**

Holding Companies (Nonbank)

$28b

Mining$35b

Professional, Scienti�c, and

Technical Services$38b

Information$42b

Real estate and rental and leasing

$21b

Information$31b

Manufacturing$197b

Finance$136b

WholesaleTrade$91b

Manufacturing$209b

Finance$87b

Wholesale Trade$159b

2%Professional, Scienti�c, and Technical Services$13b

2%Retail$10b

39%

30%

35%

24%

16%

7%

7%

6%5%

16%

4%6%

16

AS

IA M

ATT

ERS

FOR

AM

ERIC

A

INVESTMENT

17

Indo-Pacific companies have invested in every US state. Indo-Pacific greenfield investment – which includes building new facilities rather than purchasing or merging with existing ones – have totaled over $240 billion since 2003. Over 41% of this investment comes from Japanese companies, the single largest global investor in greenfield projects since 2003. Six states have received over $10 billion in Indo-Pacific greenfield investment since 2003.

Samsung, based in South Korea, is the largest investor in greenfield projects in the United States, having invested over $15 billion. Toyota, a Japanese car manufacturer, has invested more than $14 billion in over 100 US greenfield projects since 2003, creating an estimated 35,000 jobs across the United States.

LEGEND

$400 million or less$401 million - 1 billion

$1.1 - 4 billion

$4.1 - 10 billion


$9.3b

$624m

$6.5b

$11.2b

$2.9b

$7b

$4.8b

$5.6b

$10.8b

$5.2b

$3.2b

$7.3b

$4.2b

$21.5b

$28m

$1.8b$206m

$442m$4.7b

$138m$1.5b

$8.8b$6.5b

$4b

$2.8b

$25.8b

$716m$1b

$2.9b

$1.6b

$182m

$548m

$943m

$1.2b

$57m

$248m

$209m$2.2b

$67m$5.2b

$28.8b

$2.8b

$17m

$166m

$511m$870m

$774m

$36.4b

$654m

$89m$505m


NEVADA

WYOMING


SOUTH DAKOTA

WESTVIRGINIA

MAINE

MISSISSIPPI

OKLAHOMA

HAWAI′I

WASHINGTON

OREGON

CALIFORNIA

UTAH

ARIZONA

COLORADO

IDAHO

NEBRASKA

TEXAS

MINNESOTA

IOWA

WISCONSIN

MICHIGAN


KENTUCKY

TENNESSEE

ALABAMA

LOUISIANA

GEORGIA

FLORIDA

S CAROLINA

N CAROLINA

PENNSYLVANIA

NEWYORK

MISSOURI

ARKANSAS

KANSAS

ALASKA



NEW MEXICO

INDO-PACIFIC GREENFIELD INVESTMENT IN THE UNITED STATES

TOP 10 COUNTRIES

WORLD SHARE OF GREENFIELD INVESTMENT IN THE UNITED STATES

TOP INDO-PACIFIC COUNTRIES WITH GREENFIELD INVESTMENT IN THE US1 Japan $110.7b

2 China $49.5b

3 South Korea $41.4b

4 Australia $22.4b

5 Taiwan $16.2b

6 India $14.5b

7 Hong Kong $5b

8 Singapore $3.4b

9 New Zealand $3b

10 Thailand $1.1b

Source: fDi Markets, January 2003-August 2018 data

41%

18%

15%

8%6%

5%5%

Australia$22.4b

Taiwan$16.2b

India$14.5b

Other$14.2b

49%

33%

9%

4%3%2%

Europe$405.5b

Indo-Paci�c$269b

NorthAmerica

$77.5b

Middle East and

Central Asia$77.5b

Africa $23.8b

South America and the

Caribbean $16.6b

Japan$110.7b

China$49.5b

South Korea$41.4b

18

AS

IA M

ATT

ERS

FOR

AM

ERIC

A

TRAVEL AND TOURISM19

The United States and the Indo-Pacific Exchange Nearly 28 Million VisitorsOver 15 million visitors from the Indo-Pacific came to the United States, accounting for 20% of all overseas visitors in a year. Asian visitor spending contributed almost $90 billion to the US economy in a year. Travel and tourism from the Indo-Pacific benefit every region of the United States, with nearly half of US states each receiving over $1 billion in revenue from Asian visitors in a single year. US airlines offer direct flights from 21 US cities, connecting to 31 cities in 12 Indo-Pacific countries.

LEGEND

$250 million or less

$251 - 500 million

$501 million - 1 billion

$1.1 - 5 billion


Direct US-Indo-Paci�c Flights

$575m

$750m

1.7b

$2.4 b

$7b

$982m

$1.9b

$1.8b

$1.6b

$824m

$325m

$1.8b

$2.8b

$8.6b

$271m

$3.7b$374m

$764m$2.1b

$167m$1.7b

$1.3b$3.9b

$446m

$321m

$1.1b

$281m$1.1b

$1.1b

$939m

$213m

$1.5b

$426m

$98m

$114m

$158m

$388m

$2b

$654m

$2.5b

$14.1b

$2.2b

$208m

$265m

$432m$1.8b

$805m

$7.1b

$786m

$199m$332m

NEW MEXICO

Honolulu

Houston

Kailua-Kona

New YorkNewark


NEVADA

WYOMING


SOUTH DAKOTA

WESTVIRGINIA

MAINE

MISSISSIPPI

OKLAHOMA

HAWAI′I

WASHINGTON

OREGON

CALIFORNIA

UTAH

ARIZONA

COLORADO

IDAHO

NEBRASKA

TEXAS

MINNESOTA

IOWA

WISCONSIN

MICHIGAN


KENTUCKY

TENNESSEE

ALABAMA

LOUISIANA

GEORGIA

FLORIDA

S CAROLINA

N CAROLINA

PENNSYLVANIA

NEWYORK

MISSOURI

ARKANSAS

KANSAS

ALASKA



Atlanta

Boston

Chicago

Dallas

Denver

Detroit

Las Vegas

Portland

Seattle

Los AngelesOntario

San Francisco

San Jose

Minneapolis

San Diego

VISITOR SPENDING FROM THE INDO-PACIFIC

VISITORS TO THE UNITED STATES BY REGIONThe Indo-Pacific accounts for 20% of foreign travelers to the US

Source US map: Estimated by the Trade Partnership, 2016 dataSource top ten list: Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), 2016 data Source pie chart: US Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Yearbook of Immigration Statistics, FY 2016 data

TOP 10 COUNTRIES

Los Angeles has the most direct flights to the Indo-Pacific of any US city, offering 21 direct flights to cities in 9 countries.

813k

43%

15.1m

20%

12%

2% 1%

23%

Africa

Indo-Paci�c 32.7mNorth America

$18mEurope

8.9mSouth America and the Caribbean

1.2mMiddle East and Central Asia

VISITOR SPENDING IN THE US FROM THE INDO-PACIFIC1 China $33.2b

2 Japan $16.6b

3 India $13.4b

4 Australia $8.7b

5 South Korea $8.6b

6 Taiwan $2.2b

7 New Zealand $1.3b

8 Philippines $1.2b

9 Singapore $1b

10 Hong Kong $935m

Illinois receives the largest amount of visitor spending in the Midwest, at nearly $4 billion.

20

AS

IA M

ATT

ERS

FOR

AM

ERIC

A

TRAVEL AND TOURISM21

Nearly 11.5 million Americans visited the Indo-Pacific in a one year period. China, India, and Japan are the top three destinations for US tourists. In all but nine countries in the region, travel from the United States increased from the year prior.

Not Available

1,000 or fewer1,001 - 10,000

10,001 - 100,000

100,001 - 1 million

1.1 million or more

Direct US-Indo-Paci�c Flights

Brisbane

Sydney

Melbourne

Beijing

Nanjing

Jinan

Shanghai

Shenzhen

Changsha

Chengdu

Mumbai

New Delhi

WuhanChongqing

FuzhouGuangzhou

Hangzhou

Hong Kong

FukuokaNagoya

Tokyo

Sapporo

Osaka

Taipei

Auckland

Nadi

Apia

Manila

Singapore

Majuro

120 10.6k

887

7.3k1.5k

N/A

1.5k12.2k

2.9k

69.6k

43.1 k

8.1k

2.2k

716.6k

32.6k

516.5k

54.3k8.4k

552.6k

238.7k

190.9k

1.2m

523.9k

866.2k

1.2m

2.3m

869.5k

3.4k

217.1k

316.8k

7.3k

N/A

53.6k

1.3m

58.1k

76.5k

115k

1k

15.9k

CHINA

JAPAN

MONGOLIA

NORTH KOREA*

SOUTH KOREA

TAIWAN

HONG KONG

MACAU

BRUNEI

MYANMAR

CAMBODIA

INDONESIA

LAOS

MALAYSIA

PHILIPPINES

SINGAPORE

THAILAND

VIETNAM

TIMOR-LESTE

BANGLADESH

BHUTAN

INDIA

MALDIVES

NEPAL

SRI LANKA

AUSTRALIA

FIJI

KIRIBATI

MARSHALL ISLANDS

FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA

NAURU

NEW ZEALAND

PALAU

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

SAMOA

SOLOMON ISLANDS

TONGA

TUVALU

VANUATU

Seoul

Spending $13.4 billion in a year, India contributes the 3rd most travel revenue to the United States from the Indo-Pacific, behind China ($33.2 billion) and Japan ($16.6 billion).

*2016 data for North Korea is estimated from media reports ** China data includes Hong Kong and MacauSources: US Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), 2016 data; various Asian Departments, Ministries, and Bureaus of Tourism and Travel; US Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Yearbook of Immigration Statistics, 2016 dataFor more information on our methodology, please visit AsiaMattersforAmerica.org/sources-and-methodology

TOP COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN FOR ASIAN VISITORS TO THE USUS VISITORS IN THE INDO-PACIFIC

3.3m

4m

2m2.2m

1.5m

450k515k

160k354k 134k

0

500k

1m

1.5m

2m

2.5m

3m

3.5m

4m

IndonesiaNew Zealand

SingaporePhilippinesTaiwanAustraliaIndiaSouth Korea

China**Japan

China and Japan each saw an increase of over 100,000 visitors from the United States. Visitor spending by Americans contributed over $37 billion to Indo-Pacific countries in a year. China ($5.4 billion), Japan ($4.3 billion), and South Korea ($3.6 billion) lead the region in revenue from US visitors.

Tokyo has the most direct flights to the US of any Indo-Pacific city, with 19. The US is the largest source of visitors to Japan from outside the Indo-Pacific region.

TOP 10 COUNTRIESUS VISITOR SPENDING IN ASIA1 China $5.38b 6 Taiwan $3.23b

2 Japan $4.29b 7 Hong Kong $2.72b

3 South Korea $3.56b 8 Australia $2.51b

4 India $3.54b 9 New Zealand $1.66b

5 Philippines $3.31b 10 Singapore $760m

The Philippines has the highest volume of two-way travel with the United States of all Southeast Asian countries, and the 6th highest volume in the Indo-Pacific, with 1.3 million tourists exchanged in a year.

22

AS

IA M

ATT

ERS

FOR

AM

ERIC

A

EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE23

THE INDO-PACIFIC'S SHARE OF ALL INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS1 Delaware 84%

2 Washington 81%

3 Hawai´i 79%

4 Indiana 78%

5 Iowa 78%

6 New Hampshire 77%

7 Illinois 75%

8 California 74%

9 Missouri 74%

10 Oregon 73%

ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION OF STUDENTS FROM THE INDO-PACIFIC1 California $4.4b

2 New York $3.4b

3 Massachusetts $1.8b

4 Texas $1.5b

5 Pennsylvania $1.4b

6 Illinois $1.3b

7 Ohio $831m

8 Indiana $811m

9 Michigan $805m

10 Washington $682m

Students from the Indo-Pacific Contribute More Than $25 Billion to the US EconomyNearly 68% of international students in the United States are from the Indo-Pacific.Over 730,000 Asian students study in the United States in an academic year, more than twice the number from the rest of the world combined. The Asian student population has grown by over 92% in the last ten years, up from 380,000. These students support over 300,000 jobs across the United States, contributing more than $25 billion to the US economy. Over 67% of foreign undergraduate students are from the Indo-Pacific, with the number for graduate students exceeding 73%.

INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS FROM THE INDO-PACIFIC

Sources: Institute of International Education (IIE), Open Doors data; NAFSA: Association of International Educators, 2016/17 data

TOP PLACES OF ORIGIN OF INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS IN THE UNITED STATES

0

50k

100k

150k

200k

250k

300k

350k

400k

BrazilMexicoJapanTaiwanVietnamCanadaSaudi Arabia

South Korea

IndiaChina

350,755

186,267

58,663 52,61127,065 22,438 21,516 18,780 16,835 13,089

LEGEND

2,000 or fewer2,001 - 5,000

5,001 - 10,000

10,001 - 25,000

25,001 or more

5,768

9,021

24,122

15,192

19,730

3,352

13,128

11,621

4,486

4,372

1,427

27,349

36,427

86,183

646

42,2163,506

9,184 14,767

4,736 13,072

23,94639,261

1,661

3,688

3,794

225 3,036

10,733

9,706

1,088

17,112

9,738

1,304

570

1,160

1,62716,516

4,4651,789

115,541

22,532

6,881

609

4,430

6,171

6,090

59,831

7,135

1,0923,578

NEW MEXICO


NEVADA

WYOMING


SOUTH DAKOTA

WESTVIRGINIA

MAINE

MISSISSIPPI

OKLAHOMA

HAWAI′I

WASHINGTON

OREGON

CALIFORNIA

UTAH

ARIZONA

COLORADO

IDAHO

NEBRASKA

TEXAS

MINNESOTA

IOWA

WISCONSIN

MICHIGAN


KENTUCKY

TENNESSEE

ALABAMA

LOUISIANA

GEORGIA

FLORIDA

S CAROLINA

N CAROLINA

PENNSYLVANIA

NEWYORK

MISSOURI

ARKANSAS

KANSAS

ALASKA



TOP 10 STATES TOP 10 STATES

24

AS

IA M

ATT

ERS

FOR

AM

ERIC

A

EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE25

LEGEND

0

50 or fewer51 - 500

501 - 5,000

5,001 or more

0

37

0

0

5

0

33

2

266

3,806

11

9

9,536

0

969

14534

1,012

594

4

1,612

980

3,622

7,145

11,688

460

11

279

597

114

27

370

4,181 1255

2,093

0

71

CHINA

JAPAN

MONGOLIA

NORTH KOREA

SOUTH KOREA

TAIWAN

HONG KONG

MACAU

BRUNEI

MYANMAR

CAMBODIA

INDONESIA

LAOS

MALAYSIA

PHILIPPINES

SINGAPORE

THAILAND

VIETNAM

TIMOR-LESTE

BANGLADESH

BHUTAN

INDIA

MALDIVES

NEPAL

SRI LANKA

AUSTRALIA

FIJI

KIRIBATI

MARSHALL ISLANDS

FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA NAURU

NEW ZEALAND

PALAU

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

SAMOA

SOLOMON ISLANDS

TONGA

TUVALU

VANUATU

Nearly 20% of Americans studying abroad go to the Indo-Pacific. The Indo-Pacific is an increasingly popular location for US students to study abroad, with nearly 50,000 Americans studying in the region, an increase of nearly 30% from a decade before. Though China and Australia are the most popular destinations for US students, study abroad in Southeast and South Asian countries has increased by 92% and 73% respectively in the last decade.

US STUDENTS IN THE INDO-PACIFIC STUDY ABROAD IN THE INDO-PACIFIC

TWO-WAY FULBRIGHT PARTICIPANTS

The number of US students studying abroad in Indonesia has increased from just over 50 US students to nearly 600 in under a decade.

Taiwan has more than doubled its share of incoming US students in the last decade, up 110%.

Sources: Institute of International Education (IIE), Open Doors data; US Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs

0

3,000

6,000

9,000

12,000

15,000

2015/162014/152013/142012/132011/122010/112009/102008/092007/082006/07

China11,688

Australia9,536

Japan 7,145

ASEAN 6,082

India 4,181New Zealand 3,806Other 3,693South Korea 3,622

The US Department of State's Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs (ECA) administers many exchange programs that both US and non-US citizens may apply to, including the well-known Fulbright Program, which is accessible to students, teachers, and scholars in almost every Indo-Pacific country. Nearly 18,400 participants have been involved in Fulbright exchanges between the United States and the Indo-Pacific in the last ten years.

In total, US citizens going to India have received over 4,160 Fulbright Grants since 1949. India is by far the most prolific recipient in the region. 0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

2016201520142013201220112010200920082007

LEGEND

US Participants in the Indo-Paci�c

Indo-Paci�c Participants in US

724

691 768 754839

976 945 950 977 973

840903

776

1,166 1,119 1,136969 1,034 991

647

26

AS

IA M

ATT

ERS

FOR

AM

ERIC

A

POPULATION27

AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH RATE OF FASTEST GROWING ASIAN AND AUSTRALIAN POPULATIONS1 South Dakota 9%

2 North Dakota 8%

3 Wyoming 6%

4 Missouri 6%

5 Nebraska 6%

6 Indiana 6%

7 Iowa 5%

8 Delaware 5%

9 North Carolina 5%

10 West Virginia 5%

LEGEND

20,000 or fewer20,001 - 50,000

50,001 - 100,000

100,001 - 500,000

500,001 or more

78,527

176,201

331,968

429,409

662,719

90,455

308,709

589,712

132,845

73,520

18,995

283,709

466,844

1,724,804

22,547

471,297 41,702

176,970 875,231

38,951 414,647

157,754 732,442

36,563

51,302

94,308

61,015 961,822

295,741

228,906

36,403

139,282

81,907

12,770

8,502

14,840

47,199 276,487

99,839 293,069

6,292,533

738,043

221,433

12,994

50,914

97,105

101,280

1,320,548

32,608

13,009 40,247

NEW MEXICO


NEVADA

WYOMING


SOUTH DAKOTA

WESTVIRGINIA

MAINE

MISSISSIPPI

OKLAHOMA

HAWAI′I

WASHINGTON

OREGON

CALIFORNIA

UTAH

ARIZONA

COLORADO

IDAHO

NEBRASKA

TEXAS

MINNESOTA

IOWA

WISCONSIN

MICHIGAN


KENTUCKY

TENNESSEE

ALABAMA

LOUISIANA

GEORGIA

FLORIDA

S CAROLINA

N CAROLINA

PENNSYLVANIA

NEWYORK

MISSOURI

ARKANSAS

KANSAS

ALASKA



Asians Are the Fastest Growing Population Group in the United States Among the US population, 6% identifies as Asian or Australian.* Nearly 20 million people in the United States identify with an Asian ethnicity, including an estimated 100,000 claiming Australian ancestry. Over six years, the Asian population grew by 21%, making it the fastest growing ethnicity in the United States. In that time, the Asian and Australian population has increased by over 50,000 people in 17 separate US states. California and Texas alone saw a combined increase of over one million.

Minnesota has the 2nd largest Hmong population (an ethnic group with populations throughout Southeast Asia and Southern China) in the United States, with over 75,000 people.

Ohio is home to the United States’ largest Bhutanese population.

ASIAN AND AUSTRALIAN POPULATION BY US STATE

POPULATION GROUPSPeople who identify with an Asian ethnicity or Australian ancestry

*The US Census Bureau classifies people with Australian ancestry in a separate data set than those with Asian ethnicity.For this publication, Asian Americans consist of those ethnicities categorized as Asian alone or in combination by the US Census Bureau, not including Pakistani. Pacific Islanders are not counted in these figures. Sources: US Census Bureau, 2010 data; American Community Survey, 2016 data

0

1m

2m

3m

4m

5m

Chinese

Laotian

Thai

Hmong

Filipino

Indian

Vietnamese

Korean

Japanese

Other Asian, n

ot speci�ed

Cambodian

3,772,868

3,746,270

1,9

48,720

1,795,614

317,931

289,461 280,835 262,832

4,558,129

1,413

,802 579

,909

TOP 10 STATES

Indian Americans are Texas’ largest Asian population group, and Texas is home to the 4th largest Indian American population in the United States at nearly 350,000.

28

AS

IA M

ATT

ERS

FOR

AM

ERIC

A

POPULATION29

LEGEND

Not Available

$10 million or less$10.1 - 100 million

$101 million - 1 billion

$1.1 - 10 billion


$0.2m

$4.8m

$8.1m

$17m$25m

N/A

$0.9m$0.6m

N/A

$19m

$16m

$31m

N/A

$306m

N/A

N/A

$223m$1.3m

$6.7b

$77m

$4m

$123m

N/A

$2.9b

$1.3b

$15.4b

$10.5b

N/A

$60m

$248m

$0.1m

$452m

$314m

$10.7b

$23m

$37m

$1.7b

N/A

$0.8m

CHINA

JAPAN

MONGOLIA

NORTH KOREA

SOUTH KOREA

TAIWAN

HONG KONG

MACAU

BRUNEI

MYANMAR

CAMBODIA

INDONESIA

LAOS

MALAYSIA

PHILIPPINES

SINGAPORE

THAILAND

VIETNAM

TIMOR-LESTE

BANGLADESH

BHUTAN

INDIA

MALDIVES

NEPAL

SRI LANKA

AUSTRALIA

FIJI

KIRIBATI

MARSHALL ISLANDSFEDERATED STATES

OF MICRONESIA

NAURU

NEW ZEALAND

PALAU

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

SAMOA

SOLOMON ISLANDS

TONGA

TUVALU

VANUATU

REMITTANCES, NATURALIZATION AND IMMIGRATIONImmigrants from the Indo-Pacific accounted for 29% of naturalizations in the United States, totaling nearly 216,500. This reflected a positive growth rate of 6% over a 10-year period. Over $51 billion of US remittances were sent to the Indo-Pacific in a year, making up 37% of the total remittance outflow from the United States.

THE INDO-PACIFIC'S SHARE OF US NATURALIZATIONS

US REMITTANCES TO THE INDO-PACIFIC

Asians and Australians account for 29% of US citizenship naturalizations

TOP 10 COUNTRIES

Sources: US Department of Homeland Security; US Department of State, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration

Middle East and Central Asia

7%

11%

10%

15%29%

29%

Indo-Paci�c

South American and Caribbean

North America

Europe

Africa

TOP ASIAN COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN FOR US NATURALIZATIONS1 India 46,188

2 Philippines 41,285

3 China 35,794

4 Vietnam 24,848

5 South Korea 14,347

6 Bangladesh 9,949

7 Myanmar 6,956

8 Bhutan 5,563

9 Thailand 5,211

10 Nepal 5,004

30

AS

IA M

ATT

ERS

FOR

AM

ERIC

A

SISTER PARTNERSHIPS31

LEGEND

0 - 10

11 - 20

21 - 30

31 - 40

40 or more

12

21

34

22

34

5

11

22

14

12

1

32

15

14

3

201

1116

313

2526

0

8

1

2072

19

38

5

17

18

2

0

2

716

95

245

75

6

6

524

15

49

3

22

NEW MEXICO


NEVADA

WYOMING


SOUTH DAKOTA

WESTVIRGINIA

MAINE

MISSISSIPPI

OKLAHOMA

HAWAI′I

WASHINGTON

OREGON

CALIFORNIA

UTAH

ARIZONA

COLORADO

IDAHO

NEBRASKA

TEXAS

MINNESOTA

IOWA

WISCONSIN

MICHIGAN


KENTUCKY

TENNESSEE

ALABAMA

LOUISIANA

GEORGIA

FLORIDA

S CAROLINA

N CAROLINA

PENNSYLVANIA

NEWYORK

MISSOURI

ARKANSAS

KANSAS

ALASKA



The United States and the Indo-Pacific Share Over 1,000 Sister State and City RelationshipsThe United States and the Indo-Pacific share 949 sister city relationships and 89 sister state relationships. Sister relationships foster civic and people-to-people relationships, as well as commercial ties between states, cities, and other jurisdictions in the United States and foreign countries. SISTER CITY RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE UNITED STATES

COUNTRIES WITH MOST SISTER PARTNERSHIPS IN THE UNITED STATES

SISTER PARTNERSHIPS BETWEEN THE US AND THE INDO-PACIFIC

Sources: Sister Cities International (SCI), 2018 data; individual sister city associations; For more information on sister cities, please visit our website: AsiaMattersforAmerica.org

California has 245 sister partnerships with the Indo-Pacific, the most of any state. Japan maintains the most sister partnerships with the United States with 451. The first US sister city relationship in the Indo-Pacific was formed between St. Paul, Minnesota, and Nagasaki, Japan, on December 7th, 1955 (the 14th anniversary of Pearl Harbor). The United States has more sister city relationships with the Indo-Pacific than with any other region in the world.

San Antonio, TX has hosted an annual Diwali festival since 2011 to promote its sister city relationship with Chennai, India.

The state of Hawai′i maintains 13 sister state relationships with provinces and prefectures in China, Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, and the Philippines – the most of any state.

North and Central America

Africa and Middle East

9%

12%

16%

26%

38%Indo-Paci�c

Europe

SouthAmerica

0

100

200

300

400

500

PhilippinesTaiwanSouth KoreaChinaJapan

451

201

110 85 63

Stratford, CT and Stratford, New Zealand are part of a group of sister cities that share the name “Stratford”. They meet once every two years in one of the cities to celebrate their Shakespearean namesake and engage in cultural exchange.

Lexington, KY and Shinhidaka, Japan share a sister relationship because of their mutual connection to the horse industry.

Eugene, OR and its sister city, Jinju, South Korea are connected through similar rivers, the Willamette River and the Nam River, respectively, coursing through the middle of their cities.

32

AS

IA M

ATT

ERS

FOR

AM

ERIC

A

33

A S I A

A S I AA M E R I C AM AT T E R S F O R

M AT T E R S F O R


I N D I AMATTERS FORAMERICAMATTERS FOR

I N D I A

AsiaMattersforAmerica.org/India AsiaMattersforAmerica.org/ASEAN

MATTERS FORASEANAMERICAMATTERS FOR

ASEAN

BRUNEI DARUSSALAM · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND · VIETNAM · BRUNEI DARUSSALAM · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND · VIETNAM

BRUNEI DARUSSALAM · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND · VIETNAM · BRUNEI DARUSSALAM · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND · UNITED STATES · VIETNAM · BRUNEI DARUSSALAM · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS ·

BRUNEI DARUSSALAM · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND · VIETNAM · BRUNEI DARUSSALAM · CAMBODIA · INDONE-

BRUNEI DARUSSALAM · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND · VIETNAM · BRUNEI DARUSSALAM · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA

BRUNEI DARUSSALAM · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND · UNITED STATES · VIETNAM · BRUNEI DARUSSALAM ·

BRUNEI DARUSSALAM · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND · UNITED STATES · VIETNAM · BRUNEI DARUSSALAM · CAMBODIA


BRUNEI DARUSSALAM · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND · VIETNAM · BRUNEI DARUSSALAM · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND · VIETNAM



BRUNEI DARUSSALAM · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND · VIETNAM · BRUNEI DARUSSALAM · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA ·


BRUNEI DARUSSALAM · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND · VIETNAM · BRUNEI DARUSSALAM · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND · UNITED STATES · VIETNAM · BRUNEI DARUSSALAM · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS ·



BRUNEI DARUSSALAM · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND · UNITED STATES · VIETNAM · BRUNEI DARUSSALAM ·

BRUNEI DARUSSALAM · CAMBODIA · INDONESIA · LAOS · MALAYSIA · MYANMAR · PHILIPPINES · SINGAPORE · THAILAND · UNITED STATES · VIETNAM · BRUNEI DARUSSALAM · CAMBO-


JAPANMATTERS FORAMERICAMATTERS FOR

J A PA N

www.AsiaMattersforAmerica.org/Japan

日米相互依存の見取図

AUSTRALIAMATTERS FORAMERICAMATTERS FORAUSTRALIA

AsiaMattersforAmerica.org/Australia

PUBLICATION DESIGN AND ILLUSTRATIONTOP SHELF DESIGN Washington, DC www.topshelfdesign.net

THE ASIA MATTERS FOR AMERICA INITIATIVEAsia Matters for America/America Matters for Asia is an interactive resource for credible and nonpartisan information, graphics, analysis, and news on US-Indo-Pacific relations at the national, state, and local levels.


KOREA

KOREA

AsiaMattersforAmerica.org/Korea

ASIA MATTERS FOR AM

ERICA

This initiative maps the trade, investment, employment, business, diplomacy, security, education, tourism, and people-to-people connections between the United States and the Indo-Pacific at the national, state, and local levels. This publication, the one-page connections summaries for states and Congressional districts, and the AsiaMattersforAmerica.org website are resources for understanding the robust and dynamic US-Indo-Pacific relationship.

Asia Matters for America / America Matters for Asia

The Asia Matters for America initiative is coordinated by the East-West Center in Washington, and can be contacted at:

Asia Matters for America East-West Center in Washington 1819 L Street, NW, Suite 600 Washington, DC 20036 USA Tel: (+1)202.293.3995 Fax: (+1)202.293.1402 [email protected]

The East-West Center headquarters is in Honolulu, Hawai′i: East-West Center 1601 East-West Road Honolulu, HI 96848 USA Main Telephone: (+1)808.944.7111 EastWestCenter.org

matters for america - east-west center

Documents