maths smart grade 6 © 2012 alston publishing house pte ltd area
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Maths SM
ART Grade 6 ©
2012 Alston Publishing House Pte LtdArea
AreaM
aths SMART G
rade 6 © 2012 Alston Publishing H
ouse Pte Ltd
Area is the amount of space inside a flat shape or figure. We find the area of a square or rectangle by using:
Area = Length × Breadth
We can also find the area of a composite figure.
AreaM
aths SMART G
rade 6 © 2012 Alston Publishing H
ouse Pte Ltd
Example:
Find the area of JKLMNO below.
AreaM
aths SMART G
rade 6 © 2012 Alston Publishing H
ouse Pte Ltd
Example:
Find the area of JKLMNO below.
The area of JKLMNO is 72 cm2.
Maths SM
ART Grade 6 ©
2012 Alston Publishing House Pte LtdAverage
AverageM
aths SMART G
rade 6 © 2012 Alston Publishing H
ouse Pte Ltd
An average is a ‘typical’ value of the data set. It is usually a middle value and tells us approximately what most of the values in the data set are close to or similar to.
Maths SM
ART Grade 6 ©
2012 Alston Publishing House Pte LtdComposite figure
Composite figureM
aths SMART G
rade 6 © 2012 Alston Publishing H
ouse Pte Ltd
A composite figure is made up of two or more different shapes joined together.
Example:
Maths SM
ART Grade 6 ©
2012 Alston Publishing House Pte Ltd
Conversion graph
Conversion graphM
aths SMART G
rade 6 © 2012 Alston Publishing H
ouse Pte Ltd
A conversion graph is a type of line graph. It shows the relationship between two units of measurement. It can be used to help us convert from one unit of measurement to another.
Conversion graphM
aths SMART G
rade 6 © 2012 Alston Publishing H
ouse Pte Ltd
Example:
This conversion graph shows the conversion between US dollars and pounds on a particular day.
Maths SM
ART Grade 6 ©
2012 Alston Publishing House Pte Ltd
Coordinated Universal Time
(UTC)
Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)M
aths SMART G
rade 6 © 2012 Alston Publishing H
ouse Pte Ltd
Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is a global time standard used to calculate local times around the world.
Maths SM
ART Grade 6 ©
2012 Alston Publishing House Pte LtdDesired outcome
Desired outcomeM
aths SMART G
rade 6 © 2012 Alston Publishing H
ouse Pte Ltd
A desired outcome is a result that we want.
Maths SM
ART Grade 6 ©
2012 Alston Publishing House Pte Ltd
Experimental probability
Experimental probabilityM
aths SMART G
rade 6 © 2012 Alston Publishing H
ouse Pte Ltd
Experimental probability is the probability of an event found through experiments.
Experimental probability of an event=
out carried is experiment the timesof number Totalexperiment the in outcomes desiredof Number
Maths SM
ART Grade 6 ©
2012 Alston Publishing House Pte LtdFoot (ft)
Foot (ft)M
aths SMART G
rade 6 © 2012 Alston Publishing H
ouse Pte Ltd
1 foot
1 ft = 12 in.
An imperial unit of measurement for length.
Example:
The length from the 0 mark to the 12 mark on an inch ruler is 1 foot (or 1 ft).
Maths SM
ART Grade 6 ©
2012 Alston Publishing House Pte LtdGallon (gal)
Gallon (gal)M
aths SMART G
rade 6 © 2012 Alston Publishing H
ouse Pte Ltd
An imperial unit of measurement for capacity.
Example:
The capacity of the water barrel is 5 gallons (or 5 gal).
1 gal = 4 qt = 8 pt
Maths SM
ART Grade 6 ©
2012 Alston Publishing House Pte LtdImperial units
Imperial unitsM
aths SMART G
rade 6 © 2012 Alston Publishing H
ouse Pte Ltd
Imperial units are units of measurement used in the imperial system of measurement. Some parts of the world still use this imperial system that was originally developed for the British Empire in 1824.
Some imperial units of measurement for length are inch (in.), foot (ft), yard (yd) and mile (mi). Some imperial units of measurement for mass are ounce (oz) and pound (lb).Some imperial units of measurement for capacity are pint (pt), quart (qt) and gallon (gal).
Maths SM
ART Grade 6 ©
2012 Alston Publishing House Pte LtdInch (in.)
Inch (in.)M
aths SMART G
rade 6 © 2012 Alston Publishing H
ouse Pte Ltd
An imperial unit of measurement for length.
Example:
The length from the 0 mark to the 1 mark on an inch ruler is 1 inch (or 1 in.).
1 inch
Maths SM
ART Grade 6 ©
2012 Alston Publishing House Pte LtdLocal time
Local timeM
aths SMART G
rade 6 © 2012 Alston Publishing H
ouse Pte Ltd
The current time in a particular city is called the local time. The local times in different parts of the world are different.
Maths SM
ART Grade 6 ©
2012 Alston Publishing House Pte LtdMean
MeanM
aths SMART G
rade 6 © 2012 Alston Publishing H
ouse Pte Ltd
The mean is the total number or amount divided by the number of items.
The mean is the most common way of finding an average. In real life, when we use the word average (such as average salary or average height), we are most likely talking about the mean.
Maths SM
ART Grade 6 ©
2012 Alston Publishing House Pte LtdMedian
MedianM
aths SMART G
rade 6 © 2012 Alston Publishing H
ouse Pte Ltd
The median is the middle value of a set of data when it is arranged in order. When there is an even number of values arranged in order, the median is the mean of the two middle values.
The median is a good average when there is a very high or very low value in the data set.
Maths SM
ART Grade 6 ©
2012 Alston Publishing House Pte LtdMetric units
Metric unitsM
aths SMART G
rade 6 © 2012 Alston Publishing H
ouse Pte Ltd
Metric units are units of measurement used in the metric system, an international system of measurement that is used in almost every country in the world.
Units of measurement such as millimetre, centimetre, metre, kilometre, gram, kilogram, millilitre and litre are known as metric units.
Maths SM
ART Grade 6 ©
2012 Alston Publishing House Pte LtdMile (mi)
Mile (mi)M
aths SMART G
rade 6 © 2012 Alston Publishing H
ouse Pte Ltd
1 mi = 1760 yd
An imperial unit of measurement for length.
Example:
The distance between Tom’s house and the airport is 5 miles (or 5 mi).
Maths SM
ART Grade 6 ©
2012 Alston Publishing House Pte LtdMode
ModeM
aths SMART G
rade 6 © 2012 Alston Publishing H
ouse Pte Ltd
The mode is the value that occurs the most often or has the highest frequency in the data.
The mode is a good average when there are many identical values in the data set.
Maths SM
ART Grade 6 ©
2012 Alston Publishing House Pte LtdOunce (oz)
Ounce (oz)M
aths SMART G
rade 6 © 2012 Alston Publishing H
ouse Pte Ltd
An imperial unit of measurement for mass.
Example:
The mass of a slice of bread is about 1 ounce (or 1 oz).
Maths SM
ART Grade 6 ©
2012 Alston Publishing House Pte LtdPerimeter
PerimeterM
aths SMART G
rade 6 © 2012 Alston Publishing H
ouse Pte Ltd
The perimeter of a figure is the total distance around all the sides of the figure. We find the perimeter of a figure by adding up the lengths of all its sides.
PerimeterM
aths SMART G
rade 6 © 2012 Alston Publishing H
ouse Pte Ltd
Example:
Find the perimeter of the paper below.
The perimeter of the paper is 40 cm.
Maths SM
ART Grade 6 ©
2012 Alston Publishing House Pte LtdPie chart
Pie chartM
aths SMART G
rade 6 © 2012 Alston Publishing H
ouse Pte Ltd
A pie chart is a type of graph that is in the shape of a circle. It is divided into different parts to represent the quantities of different items.
A pie chart represents 1 whole or 100%. Each part of the pie chart represents the quantity of each item in the form of a number, a fraction or a percentage.
Maths SM
ART Grade 6 ©
2012 Alston Publishing House Pte LtdPint (pt)
Pint (pt)M
aths SMART G
rade 6 © 2012 Alston Publishing H
ouse Pte Ltd
An imperial unit of measurement for capacity.
Example:
The capacity of the tub of ice-cream is 3 pints (or 3 pt).
Maths SM
ART Grade 6 ©
2012 Alston Publishing House Pte Ltd
Possible outcome
Possible outcomeM
aths SMART G
rade 6 © 2012 Alston Publishing H
ouse Pte Ltd
A possible outcome is a result that we can get.
Maths SM
ART Grade 6 ©
2012 Alston Publishing House Pte LtdPound (lb)
Pound (lb)M
aths SMART G
rade 6 © 2012 Alston Publishing H
ouse Pte Ltd
An imperial unit of measurement for mass.
Example:
The laptop has a mass of about 5 pounds (or 5 lb).
1 lb = 16 oz
Maths SM
ART Grade 6 ©
2012 Alston Publishing House Pte LtdQuart (qt)
Quart (qt)M
aths SMART G
rade 6 © 2012 Alston Publishing H
ouse Pte Ltd
An imperial unit of measurement for capacity.
Example:
The capacity of the cooler box is 9 quarts (or 9 qt).
1 qt = 2 pt
Maths SM
ART Grade 6 ©
2012 Alston Publishing House Pte LtdRandom
RandomM
aths SMART G
rade 6 © 2012 Alston Publishing H
ouse Pte Ltd
When an event occurs at random, it means that each possible outcome has an equal chance of being chosen.
Maths SM
ART Grade 6 ©
2012 Alston Publishing House Pte LtdRange
RangeM
aths SMART G
rade 6 © 2012 Alston Publishing H
ouse Pte Ltd
The range is the difference between the greatest value and the smallest value in a set of data. It shows us how the data in the set is spread out.
Maths SM
ART Grade 6 ©
2012 Alston Publishing House Pte Ltd
Theoretical probability
Theoretical probabilityM
aths SMART G
rade 6 © 2012 Alston Publishing H
ouse Pte Ltd
We can find theoretical probability in this way:
Theoretical probability of an event=
outcomes possibleof number Totaloutcomes desiredof Number
Maths SM
ART Grade 6 ©
2012 Alston Publishing House Pte LtdTime difference
Time differenceM
aths SMART G
rade 6 © 2012 Alston Publishing H
ouse Pte Ltd
The difference in time between two cities.
Example:
The time difference between the local times in London and Mumbai is 5 h 30 min.
Maths SM
ART Grade 6 ©
2012 Alston Publishing House Pte LtdTime zone
Time zoneM
aths SMART G
rade 6 © 2012 Alston Publishing H
ouse Pte Ltd
The world is divided into 24 main time zones. The partsof the world that are in the same time zone have the same local time.
Example:
This is a time zone map. We can use thismap to find the time zone of a particular city.
Maths SM
ART Grade 6 ©
2012 Alston Publishing House Pte LtdYard (yd)
Yard (yd)M
aths SMART G
rade 6 © 2012 Alston Publishing H
ouse Pte Ltd
An imperial unit of measurement for length.
Example:
The length of a standard soccer field is 100 yards (or 100 yd). Its breadth is 60 yards (or 60 yd).
1 yd = 3 ft
100 yd
60 yd