mastering nt greek 16. aorist and future passive verbs: qh / qhs additives by ted hildebrandt ©...

Mastering NT GreekMastering NT Greek

16. Aorist and Future 16. Aorist and Future Passive Verbs: Passive Verbs: qh / qhs qh / qhs

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By Ted Hildebrandt By Ted Hildebrandt © 2003© 2003

Baker AcademicBaker Academic

2-1-2 Noun Forms2-1-2 Noun Forms

2 1 2 2 1 2

lo<goj grafh< lo<goj grafh< i[ero<ni[ero<nlo<gou grafh?j lo<gou grafh?j i[erou?i[erou?lo<g& graf^? lo<g& graf^? i[er&?i[er&?lo<gon grafh<n lo<gon grafh<n i[ero<ni[ero<nlo<goi grafai< lo<goi grafai< i[era<i[era<lo<gwn grafw?n lo<gwn grafw?n i[erw?ni[erw?nlo<goij grafai?j lo<goij grafai?j i[eroi?ji[eroi?jlo<gouj grafa<j lo<gouj grafa<j i[era<i[era<

33rdrd Declension Chantables Declension Chantables

xari<j o@noma, pi<stijxari<j o@noma, pi<stij xa<rij o@noma pi<stij xa<rij o@noma pi<stij xa<ritoj o]no<matoj pi<stewj xa<ritoj o]no<matoj pi<stewj xa<riti o]no<mati pi<steixa<riti o]no<mati pi<steixa<rita o@noma pi<stinxa<rita o@noma pi<stinxa<ritej o]no<mata pi<steijxa<ritej o]no<mata pi<steijxari<twn o]noma<twn xari<twn o]noma<twn pi<stewnpi<stewnxa<risi(n) o]no<masi(n) xa<risi(n) o]no<masi(n) pi<stesi(n)pi<stesi(n)xa<ritaj o]no<mata pi<steij xa<ritaj o]no<mata pi<steij

Present Active Indicative VerbsPresent Active Indicative Verbs

lu<w lu<w lu<omenlu<omen lu<eij lu<eij lu<etelu<ete lu<ei lu<ei lu<ousi(n)lu<ousi(n)

Present Middle/Passive Indicative Present Middle/Passive Indicative

lu<omai, -o<meqa, lu<omai, -o<meqa, -^, -esqe,-^, -esqe, -etai, -ontai -etai, -ontai

Shape of the Future in GreekShape of the Future in Greek

lu<sw lu<sw lu<somenlu<somenI will loose I will loose We will looseWe will loose

lu<seij lu<seij lu<setelu<seteYou will loose You will loose You all will looseYou all will loose

lu<sei lu<sei lu<sousi(n)lu<sousi(n)he/she/it will loose he/she/it will loose They will looseThey will loose

Future Middle ParadigmFuture Middle Paradigm

lu<somai, --omeqa, lu<somai, --omeqa, --^, --esqe--^, --esqe --etai, --ontai--etai, --ontai I will loose for myselfI will loose for myself

Imperfect Active Paradigm ofImperfect Active Paradigm of lu<wlu<w

Singular PluralSingular Plural

e@luon e@luon e]lu<omen e]lu<omen I was loosing I was loosing We were loosingWe were loosing

e@luej e@luej e]lu<ete e]lu<ete You were loosing You were loosing You all were loosingYou all were loosing

e@lue(n) e@lue(n) e@luon e@luon S/he/it was loosing S/he/it was loosing They were loosingThey were loosing

Learn:Learn: e@luon e@luon: : n, s, e, men, te, n n, s, e, men, te, n

Imperfect Middle/Passive of Imperfect Middle/Passive of lu<wlu<w

Singular Singular PluralPlural

1. 1. e]luo<mhn e]luo<mhn e]luo<meqae]luo<meqa I was being loosed I was being loosed We were being loosedWe were being loosed

2.2. e]lu<ou e]lu<ou e]lu<esqee]lu<esqe You were being loosed You were being loosed You all were being loosedYou all were being loosed

3.3. e]lu<eto e]lu<eto e]lu<ontoe]lu<onto S/he/it was being loosed S/he/it was being loosed They were being loosedThey were being loosed

Learn: Learn: e]luo<mhne]luo<mhn:: -ou, -eto, -omeqa, -esqe, -onto-ou, -eto, -omeqa, -esqe, -onto

Second Aorist Active ParadigmSecond Aorist Active Paradigm Singular PluralSingular Plural

1 e@labon 1 e@labon e]la<bomen e]la<bomen I took I took we tookwe took

2 e@labej 2 e@labej e]la<betee]la<bete You took You took You tookYou took

3 e@labe(n) 3 e@labe(n) e@labon e@labon He/she/it took He/she/it took They tookThey took

Learn: Learn: e@labone@labon n, s, e, men, te, n, s, e, men, te, nn

Second Aorist Middle Second Aorist Middle Singular PluralSingular Plural

1 e]geno<mhn 1 e]geno<mhn e]geno<meqa e]geno<meqa I became I became we becamewe became

2 e]ge<nou 2 e]ge<nou e]ge<nesqee]ge<nesqeYou became You became You becameYou became

3 e]ge<neto 3 e]ge<neto e]ge<nonto e]ge<nonto He/she/it became He/she/it became They becameThey became

Note: most "middles" are deponentNote: most "middles" are deponent

Learn: Learn: e]geno<mhne]geno<mhn -ou, -eto, -omeqa, -esqe, -onto -ou, -eto, -omeqa, -esqe, -onto

Aorist Stem Changes -- 9 to knowAorist Stem Changes -- 9 to know

e@rxomai == h#lqon e@rxomai == h#lqon (I came, went) (I came, went) o[ra<w == ei#don o[ra<w == ei#don (I saw) (I saw) – – ble<pw ble<pw le<gw == ei#pon le<gw == ei#pon (I said) (I said) ba<llw == e@balon ba<llw == e@balon (I threw) (I threw) gi<nomai == e]geno<mhn gi<nomai == e]geno<mhn (I became) (I became) ginw<skw == e@gnwn ginw<skw == e@gnwn (I knew)(I knew) eu[ri<skw == eu$ron eu[ri<skw == eu$ron (I found) (I found) e@xw == e@sxon e@xw == e@sxon ( I had) ( I had) lamba<nw == e@labon lamba<nw == e@labon (I took) (I took)

1st Aorist Active Paradigm 1st Aorist Active Paradigm

Singular Plural Singular Plural

e@lusa e@lusa e]lu<samene]lu<samenI loosed I loosed we loosedwe loosed

e@lusaj e@lusaj e]lu<sate e]lu<sate you loosed you loosed you all loosed you all loosed

e@luse(n) e@luse(n) e@lusan e@lusan He/she/it loosed He/she/it loosed they loosedthey loosed

Learn: Learn: e@lusae@lusa: : --, --, j, e, men, te, nj, e, men, te, n

1st Aorist Middle Paradigm 1st Aorist Middle Paradigm

Singular Singular Plural Plural

e]lusa<mhn e]lusa<mhn e]lusa<meqae]lusa<meqaI loosed for myself I loosed for myself we loosed for ourselveswe loosed for ourselves

e]lu<sw e]lu<sw e]lu<sasqe e]lu<sasqe you loosed for yourself you loosed for yourself you all loosed for yourselvesyou all loosed for yourselves

e]lu<sato e]lu<sato e]lu<santo e]lu<santo s/he/it loosed for himself s/he/it loosed for himself they loosed for themselvesthey loosed for themselves

Learn:Learn: e]lusa<mhne]lusa<mhn: : - -w, -ato, -ameqa, -asqe, -antow, -ato, -ameqa, -asqe, -anto

The "is" verb PAI --The "is" verb PAI -- ei]mi< ei]mi<

ei]mi< ei]mi< I am I am e]sme<n e]sme<n We areWe are

ei# ei# You areYou are e]ste< e]ste< You areYou are

e]sti<(n) e]sti<(n) He/she/it isHe/she/it is ei]si<(n) ei]si<(n) They areThey are

The "was" verb IAI The "was" verb IAI -- -- ei]mi< ei]mi<

h@mhn h@mhn I was I was h#men h#men We wereWe were

h#j h#j You wereYou were h#te h#te You wereYou were

h#n h#n He/she/it wasHe/she/it was h#san h#san They wereThey were

Person Personal Pronoun ChantPerson Personal Pronoun Chant

Singular PluralSingular Plural

NomNom. . e]gw< su < e]gw< su < h[mei?j h[mei?j

GenGen. . mou mou sou sou h[mw?n h[mw?n DatDat. . moi soi moi soi h[mi?n h[mi?n AccAcc. . me se me se h[ma<j h[ma<j

au]to<j, au]th, au]to< au]to<j, au]th, au]to< (he, she, it)(he, she, it)

Rapping the Lord’s PrayerRapping the Lord’s Prayer

Pa<ter h[mw?n o[ e]n toi?j Pa<ter h[mw?n o[ e]n toi?j ou]ranoi?j:ou]ranoi?j: father our the one in heaven father our the one in heaven a[giasqh<tw to> o@noma< sou a[giasqh<tw to> o@noma< sou make holy name your make holy name your e]lqe<tw h[ basilei<a sou: e]lqe<tw h[ basilei<a sou: let come kingdom your let come kingdom your genhqh<tw to> qe<lhma< sou, genhqh<tw to> qe<lhma< sou, let be will your let be will your


w[j e]n ou]ran&? kai> e]pi> w[j e]n ou]ran&? kai> e]pi> gh?j: gh?j: as in heaven also on earthas in heaven also on earth

to>n a@rton h[mw?n to>nto>n a@rton h[mw?n to>n the bread our the bread our

e]piou<sion do>j h[mi?n e]piou<sion do>j h[mi?n sh<meron: sh<meron: daily give us today daily give us today


kai> a@fej h[mi?n ta> kai> a@fej h[mi?n ta> o]feilh<mata h[mw?n:o]feilh<mata h[mw?n: and forgive us trespasses and forgive us trespasses ourour

w[j kai> h[mei?j a]fh<kamen w[j kai> h[mei?j a]fh<kamen as also we have forgiven as also we have forgiven

toi?j o]feile<taij h[mw?n toi?j o]feile<taij h[mw?n the ones trespassing us the ones trespassing us

Introduction to the Aorist/Future Introduction to the Aorist/Future PassivesPassives

We have covered Aorist and Future Actives We have covered Aorist and Future Actives and Middlesand Middles

Passives use a Passives use a qh qh insert (Aorist) and insert (Aorist) and qhj qhj (Future)(Future)

Aorist Translation: I was loosedAorist Translation: I was loosed

Future Translation: I will be loosedFuture Translation: I will be loosed

Introducing the Principle PartsIntroducing the Principle Parts

What are the 6 principle partsWhat are the 6 principle parts

Present: Present: ba<llwba<llw

Future: Future: balw?balw?

Aorist: Aorist: e@balone@balon

Perfect: Perfect: be<blhkabe<blhka

Perf Mid/Pass.: Perf Mid/Pass.: be<blhmaibe<blhmai

Aorist Pass.: Aorist Pass.: e]blh<qhne]blh<qhn

Aorist and Future PassiveAorist and Future Passive

The key element is the The key element is the qh qh before the secondary before the secondary active endings are added:active endings are added:

e] + lu + qh + n = e] + lu + qh + n = e]luqhn e]luqhn

Aug. + stem + Pass. insert + Secondary EndingAug. + stem + Pass. insert + Secondary Ending

I was loosedI was loosed

The future passives add The future passives add qhsqhs before the M/P before the M/P primary endings and no augment.primary endings and no augment.

lu +qhs +omailu +qhs +omai = = luqh<somai luqh<somai I will be I will be loosedloosed

Aorist Passive Aorist Passive

Singular PluralSingular Plural1. e]lu<qhn 1. e]lu<qhn e]lu<qhmene]lu<qhmenI was loosed We were loosedI was loosed We were loosed

2. e]lu<qhj e]lu<qhte2. e]lu<qhj e]lu<qhteYou were loosed You were loosedYou were loosed You were loosed

3. e]lu<qh 3. e]lu<qh e]lu<qhsane]lu<qhsanHe/she/it was loosed They were loosedHe/she/it was loosed They were loosed

Chant: Chant: e]lu<qhn – e]lu<qhn – n, j, --, men, te, sann, j, --, men, te, san

Future PassiveFuture Passive

Singular PluralSingular Plural1. 1. luqh<somai luqh<somai luqhso<meqaluqhso<meqaI will be loosed We will be loosedI will be loosed We will be loosed

2. 2. luqh<s^ luqh<sesqeluqh<s^ luqh<sesqeYou will be loosed You will be loosedYou will be loosed You will be loosed

3. luqh<setai luqh<sontai3. luqh<setai luqh<sontaiHe/she/it will be loosed They will be loosedHe/she/it will be loosed They will be loosed

Chant: Chant: luqh<somai luqh<somai --^, etai, omeqa, esqe, ontai--^, etai, omeqa, esqe, ontai

Phonetic ShiftsPhonetic Shifts

Velars: Velars: kk or or gg becomes becomes xx

diwk + qh = e]diw<xqhndiwk + qh = e]diw<xqhn (I was (I was pursued)pursued)

Labials: Labials: pp or or bb becomes becomes ff

lei<p + qh = e]lei<fqhnlei<p + qh = e]lei<fqhn (I was (I was left)left)

f f causes the causes the qq to drop out to drop out

graf + qh = e]gra<fhngraf + qh = e]gra<fhn (I was (I was written)written)

Phonetic ShiftsPhonetic Shifts

Dentals: Dentals: tt, , dd, or , or qq becomes becomes ss

peiq + qh = e]pei<sqhnpeiq + qh = e]pei<sqhn (I was (I was persuaded)persuaded)

Sibilants: Sibilants: zz, , cc, or , or yy becomes becomes ss

docaz + qh = e]doca<sqhndocaz + qh = e]doca<sqhn (I was (I was glorified)glorified)

Phonetic Shift TablePhonetic Shift Table

Palatals:Palatals: k, g + q = xqk, g + q = xq

Labials:Labials: p, b + q = fqp, b + q = fq

Dentals:Dentals: t, d, q + q = sqt, d, q + q = sq

Sibilants:Sibilants: z, c, y+ q = sqz, c, y+ q = sq

Second Aorist Passive StemsSecond Aorist Passive Stems

a]poste<llw a]pesta<lhna]poste<llw a]pesta<lhn

ba<llw e]blh<qhn blhqh<somaiba<llw e]blh<qhn blhqh<somai

gi<nomai e]genh<qhngi<nomai e]genh<qhn

ginw<skw e]gnw<sqhn ginw<skw e]gnw<sqhn gnwsqh<somai gnwsqh<somai

dida<skw e]dida<xqhndida<skw e]dida<xqhn

du<namai h]dunh<qhndu<namai h]dunh<qhn

e]gei<rw h]ge<rqhn e]gei<rw h]ge<rqhn e]gerqh<somai e]gerqh<somai

eu[ri<skw eu[re<qhn eu[ri<skw eu[re<qhn eu[reqh<somai eu[reqh<somai

Second Aorist Passive StemsSecond Aorist Passive Stems

qe<lw h]qelh<qhnqe<lw h]qelh<qhnkri<nw e]kri<qhn kri<nw e]kri<qhn kriqh<somaikriqh<somailamba<nw e]lh<mfqhnlamba<nw e]lh<mfqhnle<gw e]rre<qhnle<gw e]rre<qhno[ra<w w@fqhn o[ra<w w@fqhn o]fqh<somaio]fqh<somaipisteu<w e]pisteu<qhnpisteu<w e]pisteu<qhnporeu<omai e]poreu<qhnporeu<omai e]poreu<qhns&<zw e]sw<qhn s&<zw e]sw<qhn swqh<somaiswqh<somai

Vocabulary Ch. 16Vocabulary Ch. 16

ai]w<n, -w?noj, o[ ai]w<n, -w?noj, o[ – age, eternity age, eternity


a]llh<lwn a]llh<lwn – one anotherone another


a]rxiereu<j, -e<wj, o[a]rxiereu<j, -e<wj, o[ – high priesthigh priest


gunh<, -aiko<j, h[gunh<, -aiko<j, h[ – womanwoman


du<namaidu<namai – I can, am able I can, am able

Vocabulary Ch. 16 Vocabulary Ch. 16

e@qnoj, -ouj, to<e@qnoj, -ouj, to< – nation nation


o!soj, -h, -ono!soj, -h, -on – as great as as great as


po<lij, -ewj, h[po<lij, -ewj, h[ – city city


te te – and,and, and so and so

Vocabulary Ch. 16 Vocabulary Ch. 16

xei<r, xeiro<j, h[xei<r, xeiro<j, h[ – hand hand

mastering nt greek 16. aorist and future passive verbs: qh / qhs additives by ted hildebrandt ©...

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