first aorist active & middle indictative chapter 23
TRANSCRIPT
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First AoristFirst AoristActive & Middle IndictativeActive & Middle Indictative
Chapter 23Chapter 23
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The Use of the Aorist TenseThe Use of the Aorist Tense
• There are three tenses in the Greek that are used for the past tense.– Aorist– Perfect– Imperfect
• The aorist tense describes either…– Simple action (usually in the past) – Punctiliar action (point action)
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There are two ways the Aorist can There are two ways the Aorist can be formedbe formed
• The First Aorist (Regular formation)
• The Second Aorist (Irregular formation)
These forms do not affect the These forms do not affect the meaning; a first aorist means the meaning; a first aorist means the
same thing as a second aoristsame thing as a second aorist
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There are two ways the Aorist can There are two ways the Aorist can be formedbe formed
• The First Aorist (Regular formation)
• The Second Aorist (Irregular formation)
Regular English formation: Put “ed” on the Regular English formation: Put “ed” on the end of a word.end of a word.
Irregular English formation: “Swam” instead Irregular English formation: “Swam” instead of “swimmed.”of “swimmed.”
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Difference between the First Difference between the First Aorist versus the Second AoristAorist versus the Second Aorist
First Aorist Second Aorist
Most common Not so common
Adds an e at the
beginning and a sa at the end of the word
Adds an e at the beginning and then
changes the actual stem of the word, usually
shortening it
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lu,wlu,eijlu,ei
Singular
lu,omenlu,etelu,ousi(n)
Plural
e;lusae;lusaje;luse (n)e;lusamene;lusatee;lusan
Present 1st Aorist
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Present
lu,wlu,eijlu,ei
Sg
lu,omenlu,etelu,ousin
Pl
Active
lu,swlu,seijlu,sei
lu,somenlusetelu,sousin
Future Active
e;luone;lueje;lue (n)e;luomene;luetee;luon
ImperfActive
AoristActive
e;lusae;lusaje;luse
e;lusamene;lusatee;lusan
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Tau,thn evpoi,hsen avrch.n tw/n shmei,wn o`
VIhsou/j evn Kana. th/j Galilai,aj kai.
evfane,rwsen th.n do,xan auvtou/( kai.
evpi,steusan eivj auvto.n oi` maqhtai. auvtou/This beginning of signs Jesus did
in Cana of Galilee and he manifested his glory, and his
disciples believed in him (John 2:11)
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Stems ending in a stopStems ending in a stop
•Ble,pw becomes e;bleya•Gra,fw becomes e;graxa
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Ouvk e;graya u`mi/n( o[ti ouvk oi;date th.n
avlh,qeian( avllV o[ti oi;date auvth,n( kai. o[ti
pa/n yeu/doj evk th/j avlhqei,aj ouvk e;stinÅ
I did not write to you because you do not know the truth, but because you do know it, and because every lie is not of
the truth (1 John 2:21)
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To,te o` VIhsou/j evla,lhsen toi/j o;cloij
kai. toi/j maqhtai/j auvtou/
Then Jesus spoke to the multitudes and to His disciples
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oi` de. ei=pan\ pi,steuson evpi. to.n ku,rion VIhsou/n kai. swqh,sh| su. kai. o`
oi=ko,j souBut they said, “Believe on the Lord Jesus and you shall be saved and
your house.”
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kai. evla,lhsan auvtw/| to.n lo,gon tou/ kuri,ou su.n
pa/sin toi/j evn th/| oivki,a| auvtou/Å
And they spoke to him the word of the Lord with all those in his
house (Acts 16:32).
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evka,lesen u`ma/j dia. tou/
euvaggeli,ou h`mw/n eivj
peripoi,hsin do,xhj tou/
kuri,ou h`mw/n VIhsou/
Cristou/ÅHe called you through His gospel into possession of the glory of the Lord Jesus Christ (2 Thess. 2:14)
Possession
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ou]j de. prow,risen( tou,touj kai.
evka,lesen\ kai. ou]j evka,lesen( tou,touj kai. evdikai,wsen\ ou]j de.
evdikai,wsen( tou,touj kai. evdo,xasenÅBut who he predestined, these
also he called, and who he called, these also he justified, but who he
justified, these also he glorified (Romans 8:30)
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Stems beginning in a vowelStems beginning in a vowel
•VAgapa,w becomes
hvga,phsa•VAkou,w becomes h;kousa
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~Hmei/j hvkou,samen evk
tou/ no,mou o[ti o` cristo.j me,nei eivj
to.n aivw/naWe heard from the law that the
Christ remains forever (John12:34)
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Au[th evsti.n h` evntolh. h` evmh,( i[na avgapa/te avllh,louj kaqw.j
hvga,phsa u`ma/jThis is My commandment, that ya’ll love one another, just as I loved you. (John 15:12).
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Liquid AoristsLiquid Aorists
• The s is dropped and only the a is added
•Me,nw becomes e;maina
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Aorist Middle IndicativeAorist Middle Indicative
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lu,wlu,eijlu,ei
S
lu,omenlu,etelu,ousi(n)
Pl
e;lusae;lusaje;luse (n)e;lusamene;lusatee;lusan
Present Aorist Active
evlusa,mhnevlu,swevlu,sato
evlusa,meqaevlu,sasqeevlu,santo
Aorist Middle
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On some occasions, the middle On some occasions, the middle voice actually changes the voice actually changes the
meaning of the wordmeaning of the word
a;rcw (active): I rule
a;rcomai (middle): I begin
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