mapping the to the united nations and african
TRANSCRIPT
Mapping the National Development Plan to the United Nations and African Union Sustainable Development Agendas
National Planning CommissionRoom 237, Union Building, Government Ave, PretoriaTel: +27 12 312 0234Fax: 086 683 5371 / 012 312 1980www.nationalplanningcommission.org.za
Mapping the National Development
Plan to the United Nations and African Union Sustainable
Development Agendas
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TABLE OF CONTENTSAbbreviations and Acronyms 8
Acknowledgements 10
Foreword 11
Executive Summary 13
Key Findings 16
Observations 17
Economy and Employment 18
Economic Infrastructure 18
Environmental Sustainability and Resilience 19
Inclusive Rural Economy 19
South Africa in the Region and the World 19
Transforming Human Settlements 19
Improving Education, Training, and Innovation 19
Health Care for All 20
Social Protection 20
Building Safer Communities 20
Building a Capable and Developmental State 20
Fighting Corruption 20
Nation Building and Social Cohesion 21
Gap Analysis 21
INTRODUCTION 23
PLANNING FRAMEWORKS IN SOUTH AFRICA – 1994 to NDP 27
The Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) 1994 28
The Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR) strategy 1996 29
The Accelerated and Shared Growth Initiative for South Africa (ASGISA) 2006 29
The New Growth Path (NGP) 2010 30
The National Development Plan – Vision 2030 31
The Medium-Term Strategic Framework 32
SOUTH AFRICA – FROM MDGs to SDGs and AGENDA 2063 – Unfinished Business? 34
South Africa: The MDGs, and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and Agenda 2063 35
Mapping the NDP to the MTSF, SDGs and AU Agenda 2063 37
Criteria for classifying NDP Objectives against the SDGs and Agenda 2063 39
Alignment between the NDP, SDGs and Agenda 2063 40
NDP CHAPTER 3: ECONOMY AND EMPLOYMENT 55
NDP CHAPTER 4 - ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE 60
NDP CHAPTER 5 - ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY AND RESILIENCE 65
NDP CHAPTER 6 - INCLUSIVE RURAL ECONOMY 74
NDP CHAPTER 7 - SOUTH AFRICA IN THE REGION AND THE WORLD 77
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NDP CHAPTER 8 - TRANSFORMING HUMAN SETTLEMENTS 80
NDP CHAPTER 9 - IMPROVING EDUCATION, TRAINING AND INNOVATION 83
NDP CHAPTER 10 - HEALTH CARE FOR ALL 89
NDP CHAPTER 11 - SOCIAL PROTECTION 93
NDP CHAPTER 12 - BUILDING SAFER COMMUNITIES 98
NDP CHAPTER 13 - BUILDING A CAPABLE AND DEVELOPMENTAL STATE 101
NDP CHAPTER 14 - FIGHTING CORRUPTION 105
NDP CHAPTER 15 – NATION BUILDING AND SOCIAL COHESION 110
GAP ANALYSIS 113
Agenda 2063 113
The SDGs 114
CONCLUSION 122
KEY MESSAGES. 122
Appendix 1: 125
Operational chapters of the National Development Plan and their respective objectives 125
Chapter 3: Economy and employment 125
Chapter 4: Economic infrastructure 125
Chapter 5: Environmental sustainability and resilience 125
Chapter 6: Inclusive rural economy 126
Chapter 7: South Africa in the region and the world 126
Chapter 8: Transforming human settlements 126
Chapter 9: Improving education, training and innovation 126
Chapter 10: Health care for all 126
Chapter 11: Social protection 127
Chapter 12: Building safer communities 127
Chapter 13: Building a capable and developmental state 127
Chapter 14: Fighting corruption 127
Chapter 15: Nation-building and social cohesion 127
Appendix 2: 128
MTSF Outcomes 128
Outcome 1: Quality basic education 128
Outcome 2: A long and healthy life for all South Africans 128
Outcome 3: All people in South Africa are and feel safe 128
Outcome 4: Decent employment through inclusive growth 128
Outcome 5: A skilled and capable workforce to support an inclusive growth path 129
Outcome 6: An efficient, competitive and responsive economic infrastructure network 129
Outcome 7: Vibrant, equitable, sustainable rural communities contributing towards food security for all 129
Outcome 8: Sustainable human settlements and improved quality of household life 129
Outcome 9: Responsive, accountable, effective and efficient local government 129
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Outcome 10: Protect and enhance our environmental assets and natural resources 129
Outcome 11: Create a better South Africa and contribute to a better Africa and a better world 130
Outcome 12: An efficient, effective and development-oriented public service 130
Outcome 13: A comprehensive, responsive and sustainable social protection system 130
Outcome 14: A diverse, socially cohesive society with a common national identity (nation-building) 130
Appendix 3: 130
AU Agenda 2063 Aspirations 130
Aspiration 1. 130
Aspiration 2. 131
Aspiration 3. 131
Aspiration 4. 131
Aspiration 5. 131
Aspiration 6. 131
Aspiration 7. 131
Appendix 4: 132
Agenda 2063 Aspirations, Goals and Priority Areas 132
Appendix 5: Sustainable Development Goals 134
References 178
List of Figures
Figure 1: Nine challenges identified by the Diagnostic Report 24
Figure 2: Convergence between the NDP and the SDGs 41
Figure 3: Proportion of Agenda 2063 priorities addressed by the NDP 43
Figure 4:The proportion of SDG targets directly addressed by the NDP, and the
breakdown of targets not addressed by the NDP 48
Figure 5: Number of SDG targets and Agenda 2063 priorities addressed by the NDP objectives 56
Figure 6: Economic Infrastructure objectives addressing SDG targets and Agenda
2063 priorities 61
Figure 7: Environmental sustainability and resilience alignment objectives to SDGs and Agenda 2063 66
Figure 8: Inclusive rural economy alignment with the SDG targets and Agenda 2063 priorities 74
Figure 9: South Africa in the region and the world - alignment of NDP objectives to
SDGs and Agenda 2063 77
Figure 10: Transforming Human Settlements 80
Figure 11: Improving education, training and innovation alignment to MTSF, SDGs and Agenda 2063 84
Figure 12: Health care for all and its alignment to the SDGs and Agenda 2063 89
Figure 13: Social protection - alignment of NDP to SDGs and Agenda 2063 94
Figure 14: Building a capable and developmental state alignment with SDGs and Agenda 2063 102
Figure 15: NDP-SDGs Alignment 123
Figure 16: Detail of SDG targets not addressed by the NDP 124
Figure 17: Direct and indirect impacted Agenda 2063 priorities 124
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ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMSANC African National Congress
ASGISA Accelerated and Shared Growth Initiative for South Africa
AU African Union
BIOFIN Biodiversity Finance Initiative
BRICS Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa
CAP Common African Position
CBD Convention on Biological Diversity
CCMA Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration
CLPA Child Labour Programme of Action
CBD Convention on Biological Diversity
CoP United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
CoP21 21st Conference of Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention of Climate Change
CSO Civil Society Organisation
DEA Department of Environmental Affairs
DoL Department of Labour
DORA Division of Revenue Act
DPME Department of Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation
DWAF Department of Water Affairs
FAO Food and Agricultural Organisation
FCTC Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GEAR Growth, Employment and Redistribution
GNI Gross National Income
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HLC High-Level Committee
IDP Integrated Development Plan
IRP Integrated Resource Plan
JBCC Joint Bilateral Commission for Cooperation
LDC Least Developed Country
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MAF MDG Acceleration Framework
MDG Millennium Development Goals
MMR Maternal Mortality Rate
MTSF Medium Term Strategic Framework
NBSAP National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan
NDP National Development Plan
NEDLAC National Economic Development and Labour Council
NGP New Growth Path
NPC National Planning Commission
NTSS National Tourism Sector Strategy
ODA Official Development Assistance
PAJA Promotion of Administrative Justice Act
PFMA Public Finance Management Act
PMTCT Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission
PMU Programme Management Unit
POA Programme of Action
PPP Public-Private Partnerships
RDP Reconstruction and Development Programme
RSC Regional Service Centre
SADC Southern Africa Development Community
SADPA South African Development Partnership Agency
SAIDA South African International Development Agency
SARS South African Revenue Service
SAT South African Tourism
SDG Sustainable Development Goals
SIDS Small Island Developing States
SPGRC SADC Plant Genetic Resources Centre
TB Tuberculosis
TEP Tourism Enterprise Partnership
UN United Nations
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
VAWC Violence against Women and Children
WTO World Trade Organization
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The assessment of the convergence between the National Development Plan (NDP) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the gap analysis was prepared under the overall leadership of Mr. Tshediso Matona, Secretary of National Planning, National Planning Commission Secretariat in The Presidency and Dr Ayodele Odusola, Resident Representative, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Mr. Osten Chulu (Consulting Policy Advisor) is the lead author.
Dr Kefiloe Masiteng, Deputy Secretary of the National Planning, Mr. Lusanda Batala (Senior Sector Expert) provided substantive input to the report and led the technical team from the National Planning Commission Secretariat. Members of the technical team included Silondile Mpotshane, Dr Mthokozisi Tshuma, Lusanda Batala, Xoliswa Dilata, Nomsa Montshioane, Moshidi Phora and Sandisiwe Mapine.
The UNDP technical team, led by Ms. Fatou Leigh (UNDP Economic Advisor), included Bongani President Matomela, Khepi Shole, Letsholo Mojanaga, Msingathi Sipuka, Rhulani Lehloka, Lindiwe Dhlamini, Evan Jacobs, Nokuthula Nyamwenda, Sara Hamano and Karabo Moloi. Alessandra Casazza from the UNDP Regional Service Centre for Africa (RSC-A) in Addis Ababa made comprehensive comments and substantive input to the initial draft.
These two teams worked tirelessly together to get this report to this level. Earlier versions of the report also benefited from the guidance of Ms. Percy Moleke (then Deputy Director General, Policy and Research, National Planning Commission Secretariat) and Mr. Walid Badawi (then UNDP South Africa Country Director).
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FOREWORD
The United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) maintain the thematic work on poverty eradication targeted by the MDGs and reflect a comprehensive perspective on international development and sustaining human life.
This report was made possible thanks to the support of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) on behalf of the UN in South Africa. The report presents a detailed analysis of the convergence between South Africa’s National Development Plan-Vision 2030 (NDP) and the SDGs. It highlights gaps in the coverage of SDGs in the NDP, and the response to them. Although the central focus of the study is on linkages between the NDP and SDGs, a further comparison is made to link these two frameworks to the Africa Union Agenda 2063. The report takes each of the priority actions outlined in the NDP and cross matches them to the SDG targets. Where gaps exist, it examines how many of them are being addressed comprehensively outside the scope of the NDP through other sectoral frameworks and strategies. In some cases, there are SDG targets which are not relevant to South Africa’s NDP, as the Plan reflects the country’s specific context as well as the particular challenges identified in the Diagnostic Report produced in 2011 by the National Planning Commission (NPC), South Africa’s planning think-tank.
Overall, the study concludes that, at 74%, the level of convergence between the NDP Objectives and SDG Targets is quite high. The NDP’s alignment to global standards and global best practice simplifies and streamlines reporting on the NDP, SDGs and Agenda 2063 thus providing a good basis for sustainable development policy making.
Going forward, government will build on the strengthened partnership with the UN, enabled and supported by UNDP, which has developed useful tools, such as, MAPS (Mainstreaming, Acceleration and Policy Support) for use in developing an integrated approach, reflecting the principle of Leaving No One Behind, and ensuring that multi- stakeholder engagements are undertaken with all social partners. MAPS will assist South Africa to do a detailed analysis and mapping towards the domestication of the SDGs in the country.
We hope that this report contributes to integrated planning in South Africa, as well as coordinated action on the country’s development priorities, with government working with all stakeholders and actors in society.
Mr Tshediso MatonaSecretary of PlanningNational Planning CommissionThe Presidency, South Africa
Dr Ayodele OdusolaUNDP Resident Representative
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
South Africa has made remarkable progress since it transitioned to democracy in 1994, establishing a solid foundation for democratic governance and improved access to education, health services, water, electricity, housing and social protection for the historically disadvantaged. Despite these advances, challenges remain, which prompted President Zuma to appoint a National Planning Commission (NPC) in 2010 to draft a vision (Vision 2030) and National Development Plan (NDP) to address the challenges identified.
As part of the process, the NPC released a Diagnostic Report which provided an honest reflection of the achievements of the country since 1994 and the remaining challenges. This report was welcomed as a constructive assessment and led to the development of the NDP in November 2011 and its adoption in 2012. The NDP provides a thorough analysis of the underlying and structural factors that need to be addressed to realise the Vision 2030. The analysis highlighted the fact that South Africa has:
Following the adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the attendant Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at the 70th Session of the United Nations General Assembly in September 20151, the government has seen a need to align its policies and programmes articulated in the NDP to the newly adopted global agenda encapsulating the SDGs, and thus requested the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) undertake a mapping exercise to establish the extent to which the NDP and the SDGs converge, and identify gaps between the NDP objectives and the SDG targets. Since the NDP is a response to the Diagnostic Report of 2011, it does not cover all 17 global priorities covered under the SDGs, but rather reflects the needs and challenges of South Africa at that time.
The NDP was not, and is not intended to cover the six broad contours of the SDGs, namely, “leave no one behind; put sustainable development at the core of all development programmes; integrate social, economic and environmental dimensions of sustainability in all areas of human endeavour; transform the economy for growth and inclusive growth; build peaceful and effective, open and accountable institutions for all; and forge a new partnership for development”, although elements of these contours are prevalent in most of the sentiments expressed in the NDP.
A dual economy characterised by a highly developed formal sector that co-exists with a large, under-developed informal sector.
the relative decline of sectors like mining and manufacturing leading to job and income losses; and
difficulties in translating substantial investments in social protection and service delivery into increased participation of the poor in the economy.
sharp disparities in access to assets and services – such as land, quality education, skills, technology and capital – that translate into low household incomes for large segments of the population.
1 UNGASS – 2015 - http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/70/1
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The mapping exercise takes all priorities and actions stated in the 13 programmatic chapters of the NDP and cross-matches them to each of the 169 SDG targets as well as the 39 Agenda 2063 priority areas. The criteria for establishing how closely matched an NDP objective is to a particular SDG target or Agenda 2063 priority area included:
i. how the NDP intervention impacts the SDG target or Agenda 2063 priority area (multiplier effects);
ii. the beneficiary population – whether the target group includes vulnerable groups and the least well-off; and
iii. speed of impact of the NDP intervention.
A further mapping between the NDP priority areas, the Medium-Term Strategic Framework (MTSF, which articulates the implementation strategy for the NDP), the SDGs and the African
Union Agenda 2063 is also undertaken. The context for this mapping exercise is South Africa’s political commitment to a development trajectory rooted in its support for the domestic nature of the NDP and the Global Agenda to which South Africa considers itself a significant player. Additionally, it takes account of the process led by South Africa, which culminated in the adoption of the African Union Agenda 2063.
This analysis furthermore seeks to respond to, and address five areas that were highlighted during a debate in 2016, jointly organised by UNDP, the Government of South Africa through the Department of Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation (DPME), the Wits School of Governance and the Oliver and Adelaide Tambo Foundation. The debate, one of several under the umbrella of the OR Tambo Debate Series, concluded on the need to explore further the following issues:
The resulting analysis reflects on South Africa’s post-1994 development journey. It highlights the milestone plans that have been developed, from the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP); the Growth, Employment and Redistribution Strategy (GEAR); to the present day NDP and its Medium-Term Strategic Framework (MTSF) implementation modality, which has at its core the goal of eliminating poverty and reducing inequality by the year 2030. The MTSF serves as a framework of actions and targets to dovetail with national,
provincial and local government planning processes.
Furthermore, the MTSF output level indicators need additional analysis to guide local planning processes and ensure they are in tune with the country’s goals and vision. A programmatic translation of the policy framework and assessment of the impact of the NDP on communities is recommended for consideration.
To what extent does the NDP align with the SDGs?
Are there synergies across sectors and if so, specifically which NDP objectives contribute to more than one SDG?
What lessons from the implementation of the NDP, including action points and policy directions, should be revisited to ensure that there is complete alignment where appropriate to the context?
What are the gaps between the NDP and the SDGs and what is South Africa doing about these gaps?
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It will be recalled that South Africa played a key role in the context of several global and continental processes that unfolded during 2015 which led to the development of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, as well as continent-wide processes that culminated in the conclusion and adoption of the African Union Agenda 2063. It will also be recalled that in 2013, the African Union, under the leadership of South African Dr Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, laid down a vision for the ‘Africa we want’, including eight ideals, which were later translated into the seven aspirations of Agenda 2063. At the same time, Heads of State and Government of the AU decided to establish a High-Level Committee (HLC) comprising ten member states, including South Africa, to develop the Common African Position on the post-2015 development agenda (CAP). Subsequently, on the side-lines of the United Nations General Assembly, in September 2014, the ministers of the G77 plus China (G77+China) elected South Africa as a rotating Chair of the group for 2015. As Chair of the G77+China, South Africa had the challenging task of leading the group in the context of major international negotiations taking place in 2015.
By 2010, South Africa had integrated the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) into its MTSF and other planning and implementation frameworks. It was embarking upon accelerating efforts in implementing programmes that would ensure that those lagging MDGs would be brought up to speed through the MDG Acceleration Framework (MAF) process. The MTSF 2009-2014 was a statement of government intent, which identified development challenges facing the country and outlined a medium-term strategy to improve the living conditions of South Africans. It outlined ten priority areas, which were aimed at giving life to the objective of meeting the development needs of all South Africans. The MTSF 2009-2014 also coincided with the government’s efforts to meet its international commitments and obligations, especially through its demonstrated ownership of the MDG agenda. The 2010 MDG Report concludes that the “South African Constitution and its development mandate explicitly takes MDGs into account, and therefore there remains a greater possibility that despite many
a challenge, South Africa has a plan in place and a winning chance in the fight against hunger, disease, ignorance, gender equality and making South Africa and the world a better place”.
The overarching objectives of South Africa’s NDP and Vision 2030 are to eradicate poverty, reduce unemployment, and considerably reduce inequality. Within these broad objectives, South Africa has committed to bring the proportion of people living below the national poverty line of R419/month from 39% to zero, and to reduce income inequality, as measured by the Gini Coefficient, from 0.69 to 0.60. The SDGs, drawing on the experiences, and unfinished business of the MDGs, also advance the notion of eradicating poverty and reducing inequalities within, and among countries everywhere. It is therefore critical that national priorities are in congruence with the global objectives contained in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Similarly, there is a need to further elaborate on the linkages between both the NDP and the MTSF outcomes to the two relevant sets of goals and aspirations encapsulated in the SDGs and the continental Agenda 2063.
The NDP provides a comprehensive response to the challenges identified in the Diagnostic Report. It is important to establish whether the mismatch between the NDP objectives and the SDG targets happened because the Diagnostic Report did not consider some aspect which now appears in the SDGs as important or relevant to the challenges of the day. The NDP has strong foundations in South Africa’s Constitution, which is centred on the realisation of the Bill of Rights and the Freedom Charter. It is also important to ascertain whether any SDG target not aligned to any NDP objective is relevant and important to the development of South Africa and whether it is being addressed elsewhere using some other sectoral or regional development platforms, or whether it was an oversight on the part of the developers of the NDP. In general, the NDP and the SDGs are very closely aligned apart from those NDP elements which were unique to the needs of South Africa but not prioritised at the global level or those SDG elements which were pertinent to global needs but not relevant to South Africa.
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Key Findings
This mapping exercise highlights the convergence between South Africa’s NDP and SDG targets, as well as between the NDP and Agenda 2063 of the African Union. The exercise also examines the gaps that occur between the NDP and the two development frameworks. There is a very high level of convergence of 94.87% between the NDP Objectives and Agenda 2063 Goals and Priority Areas. The difference is mainly in Aspiration 5 which is not reflected in the NDP. The level of convergence between the NDP objectives and SDG targets is also quite high at 74%, though it should be noted from the onset that the NDP remains a reflection of the challenges identified in the Diagnostic Report in response to specific challenges that the country faced in the period from 1994 to 2010, and could thus not be expected to be completely in tandem with the SDGs. Further, owing to South Africa’s leadership role in most global and continental processes preceding the adoption of the SDGs and the African Union Agenda 2063, it would be expected that there would be a significant level of convergence between South Africa’s development frameworks and the global/continental agendas.
The analysis presents a first step in assessing the degree to which South Africa’s plans reflect the objectives of the SDGs and the Aspirations in the African Union Agenda 2063. The gaps that have been identified do not in any way suggest that South Africa is not addressing them. Many of the gaps are being addressed comprehensively outside the scope of the NDP through some other sectoral frameworks and strategies. These gaps are analysed comprehensively in the gap analysis, while those that have no relevance to the country context are labelled as such. The gap analysis shows that South Africa has a wealth of plans and strategies, many of which are well aligned with the SDGs but are not being implemented within the scope of the NDP. Since the NDP and Agenda 2063 are fully aligned, there are no gaps to be analysed for these two frameworks.
The analysis also helps to map SDG targets that need to be addressed by multiple departments and policy areas where actions can affect multiple SDGs. This points to the critical need for strong cross-sector institutional arrangements to promote sectoral interlinkages, prioritisation, and budgeting which are key elements to SDG achievement – identifying priority drivers and investments that can make progress towards multiple SDG targets at the same time.
The assessment conducted in this study should be read in conjunction with the Statistics South Africa’s baseline report on SDG indicators, which will ultimately be used to track progress on the implementation on the NDP and sectoral strategies’ impact on the SDGs. In the Rapid Integrated Assessment, 96 SDG targets were directly addressed by one or more NDP objective(s); 29 SDG targets were partially addressed by one or more NDP objective(s) while 44 SDG targets were not addressed at all by the NDP. Of the 44 targets not addressed, 32 targets were addressed by other frameworks and strategies outside the NDP, while 12 did not apply to the South African context.
The assessment above indicates that fully addressed and partially addressed SDGs account for 74% of all SDGs, meaning there is strong convergence between the NDP and the SDGs. A qualitative analysis of the structure of NDP interventions having the highest multiplier effects on SDGs suggests that those NDP objectives with high redistributive characteristics exhibit more influences on SDG targets. The cost implications of such interventions cannot be ascertained in this analysis but may warrant further analysis going forward.
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Observations
1. The NDP and Agenda 2063 are highly aligned at 94.87 %. Aspiration 5 (Africa with a Strong Cultural Identity Common Heritage, Values and Ethics) in Agenda 2063 is not covered by the NDP. The Aspiration one goal, which focusses on the pre-eminence of African cultural renaissance and the ideals of Pan Africanism and African heritage.
2. The idea of Pan Africanism is however rooted in South African society and is alluded to in its foreign policy which pins South African international engagement to Pan-Africanism and South-South solidarity expressed in the concept of Ubuntu.
3. The NDP and the SDGs are highly aligned, with a convergence ratio of 74%. This means that 74% of the SDG targets are covered by the NDP.
4. The remaining 26% (44 targets) of the 169 SDG targets are not covered within the framework of the NDP. Out of this, 32 targets are being addressed comprehensively in programmes running at the sectoral level or in parallel to the NDP.
5. Only 12 SDG targets do not apply to the
South African context.
6. Most NDP objectives with a redistributive slant affect the highest number of SDG targets – these have a direct impact on the SDGs. In contrast, other NDP objectives could be construed as catalytic or enablers.
7. The NDP objectives classified into high impact, medium impact and low impact should be read in tandem with the SDG indicator framework which Statistics South Africa has developed to measure progress towards attaining the SDGs.
8. If any of the SDG targets becomes a key priority, the analysis can guide policymakers as to which interventions could yield the best positive impact on particular SDG targets. At the same time, the gaps provide guidance on what SDG targets need to be addressed if they are currently not.
9. The multi-sectoral nature of SDG intervention is clear from the analysis. Some SDG targets will require a multi-pronged approach, while others are sector-specific. Equally, some sector-specific interventions may result in positive or negative impacts elsewhere.
26%SDG targets not addressedin NDP: 44/169
17%SDG targets partially addressed:29/169
57%SDG targets fully
addressed: 96/169
NDP - SDGs Alignment
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27%SDG not applicable: 12/44
73%SDG targets addressed
in other sectoral programmes: 32/44
SDGs not in NDP but addressed in other sectoral programmes and non-applicable SDGs
Economy and Employment
The economy and employment chapter of the NDP exhibits a very high level of convergence across many SDG targets. Specifically, looking across the SDG target rows in the Integrated Assessment Matrix, Economy and Employment (chapter 3) and Social Protection (chapter 11) have direct linkages to almost all the targets in Goal 1, apart from target 1.a which concerns ensuring significant mobilisation of resources through, for instance, development cooperation. Other NDP objectives with direct links to Goal 1 targets include Inclusive Rural Economy, Economic Infrastructure, Environmental Sustainability and Building a Capable and Developmental State.
Economic Infrastructure
The main objective of this chapter is to ensure that all people have access to sustainable energy; clean, potable water and that there is enough water for agriculture and industry, recognising the trade-offs in the use of water. This chapter has significant convergence with
targets in SDG 1, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 11. The chapter is similarly reflected in Aspirations 1, 3, 4,6 and 7 of Agenda 2063.
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Environmental Sustainability and Resilience
The specific objectives under this chapter include developing a set of indicators for natural resources, accompanied by the publication of annual reports on the health of identified resources to inform policy. It also includes setting a target for the amount of land and oceans under protection. It aims to achieve the peak, plateau and decline trajectory for greenhouse gas emissions, with the peak being reached around 2025. There is a high degree of convergence between the objectives of the NDP Chapter 5, Outcome 10 of the MTSF and SDG 1, 2, 6, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14.
Inclusive Rural Economy
Chapter 6 of the NDP focuses on developing an inclusive rural economy through improved infrastructure and service delivery, a review of land tenure, service to small and micro farmers, a review of mining industry commitments to social investment, and tourism investments. It also proposes to increase investment in irrigation infrastructure substantially. There are some linkages with the SDG targets which are very broad and hence are subject to varying interpretations. Broadly, this chapter and the SDGs have limited convergence. Whereas the NDP emphasises creating rural jobs in agriculture and agro-processing as well as ensuring that the terms of trade in the primary commodity sector are favourable to rural farmers, the SDG targets related to this aspect are focused on mostly the group of least developed countries, of which South Africa is not a member. This resonates well with Aspiration 1, 3, 6 and 7 of Agenda 2063.
South Africa in the Region and the World
The NDP recognises South Africa’s leadership responsibility and has prioritised inter-regional trade as a key instrument in promoting livelihoods, not only domestically, but also across the continent in a “win-win” spirit. There are four SDG targets related to the NDP chapter focusing on South-South and regional cooperation as well as adherence to various global trading regimes such as the Doha Round. Similarly, Aspirations 1, 3 and 7 focus on inclusive institutions and Pan-Africanism, a trait that is emphasized throughout
Agenda 2063.
Transforming Human Settlements
The provision of human settlements has been a top priority in the NDP and was seen as a key element of stability and social cohesion. This chapter was meant to address historical imbalances in the provision of decent settlements and improve the quality of services available to South Africans. SDG target 1.4 and SDG targets 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.7 and 11.b; as well as Aspirations 1, 3, 4 and 7, are specifically aligned to this chapter.
Improving Education, Training, and Innovation
The NDP provides a substantially detailed account on the efforts needed to respond to the challenge of quality education, calling for improvements in the provision of education services across all levels, starting from prioritising early childhood development, including pre-school education. The actions and programmes outlined in the NDP in this area resonate quite strongly with SDG 4, 5, 8 and 9. The congruence is significantly strong in Aspirations1, 3, 6 and 7 of Agenda 2063.
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Health Care for All
The NDP pays a lot of attention to improving health outcomes and increasing male and female life expectancy at birth. Having some of the biggest challenges in tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), South Africa has instituted one of the largest programmes of TB prevention. It has the largest HIV acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) treatment programme in the world, with well over 3.1 million people on antiretroviral treatment out of 6.2 million people living with HIV. There exists a very strong convergence between the objective actions spelt out under this priority area with the SDG targets 1.1, 1.2 and 1.4; and all the targets under SDG 3. The Aspirations addressed under this chapter include Aspiration 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7.
Social Protection
Social exclusion was one of the hallmarks of the
pre1994 political dispensation, which resulted in one of the most unequal societies in the world. To address this, a far-reaching, broad-based social protection system was a key priority of the NDP, including mechanisms and incentives to assist the unemployed to access the labour market as well as to expand existing public employment initiatives. This NDP chapter has a strong alignment to SDG 1, SDG 2, SDG 4 and SDG 10 as well as Aspirations 1, 3, 4 6 and 7.
Building Safer Communities
Chapter 12 of the NDP relates to security, access to justice and the rule of law. This is to be implemented through Outcome 3 of the MTSF and is addressed by SDG 3 – Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages - targets 3.5, 3.6 and 3.7. There is also strong congruence with SDG target 10.7 and all targets in SDG 16. This chapter addresses Aspirations 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 in Agenda 2063.
Building a Capable and Developmental State
This chapter proposes a public service immersed in the development agenda but insulated from undue political interference. It strives to create a state that can play a developmental and transformative role in society. This chapter is only reflected in SDG 16 and Aspirations 1, 2, 3 6 and 7of Agenda 2063. SDG 16 focuses on promoting peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development; providing access to justice for all; and building effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels.
Fighting Corruption
The NDP’s objective in this area was to create a corruption-free society, a high adherence to ethics throughout society and a government accountable to its people. These broad objectives are reflected in SDG 16, especially targets 16.5 and 16.6, though all targets under SDG 16 do contribute towards the objectives stated in this NDP chapter. Similarly, in Agenda 2063, Aspirations 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7 are addressed by this chapter in the NDP.
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Nation Building and Social Cohesion
The NDP states that “Our vision is a society where opportunity is not determined by race or birthright; where citizens accept that they have both rights and responsibilities. Most critically, we seek a united, prosperous, non-racial, non-sexist and democratic South Africa.” This objective is covered under SDG target 10.2 – which states that “By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or another status”, and target 10.3 – “Ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome, including by eliminating discriminatory laws, policies and practices and promoting appropriate legislation, policies and action in this regard.” It is also in congruence with SDG 16 covering most of the targets. All the Aspirations in Agenda 2063 are structured around building national and social cohesion.
Gap Analysis
The NDP was developed to respond to the findings of the Diagnostic Report. As such, there is a strong likelihood that some elements of the SDGs were left out for the following reasons:
1. Some of the SDG targets were not a priority for South Africa.
2. Some of the SDG targets were a priority for South Africa but are being dealt with outside the NDP framework.
3. Some of the NDP objectives are critical to South Africa but are not reflected in the SDG framework.
The figure below illustrates the typology of South Africa’s development programmes as they relate to the SDGs. There are five broad categories of policies and strategies defined:
1. NDP programmes which directly or indirectly address aspects of SDGs.
2. NDP programmes not addressing any SDG targets.
3. SDG targets not addressed in the NDP and are not relevant nor applicable to South Africa.
4. SDG targets not addressed in the NDP but are comprehensively addressed in other sectoral programmes.
5. Other programmes which are neither found in the NDP or the SDGs – (not the focus of this analysis).
Typology of convergence or non-convergence between national programmes and the SDGs
Other non-NDP/non-SDG
programmes
SDGs not a ddressed in the NDP but are comprehensively addressed in other sectoral programmes
SDGsSDGs not
addressed by NDP and not relevant
to South Africa or are Gaps NDP
NDP and SDG convergence
-74% of SDGs are addressed by NDP
objectives
NDPprogrammesnot in NDP
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INTRODUCTION
Following the unanimous adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its Sustainable Development Goals by 193 Member States at the 70th Session of the United Nations General Assembly, many countries embarked on customising the global agenda to local conditions in a process which has come to be known as “domestication” or “localisation”. One of the first steps that countries are encouraged to undertake is an exercise to assess the alignment of national planning frameworks to this global agenda, with specific reference to the interface between the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and national priorities and programmes. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development further recognizes and supports the African Union’s Agenda 2063, which was adopted in 2013 as a long-term development vision entitled ‘The Africa We Want’. This was done at the commemoration of the 50th Anniversary of the Organization of African Unity in May 2013. The Agenda articulates seven aspirations and 20 goals, 39 priority areas and 256 targets to be advanced through Ten-Year Implementation Plans, with the first one running from 2014 to 2023. The aspirations represent the fundamental ideals that Africa as a continent will strive to achieve in the next 50 years.
This report examines the extent to which the National Development Plan – Vision 2030 (NDP) is aligned to both the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its SDGs and the AU Agenda 2063. It served as a foundation for the implementation of the global and continental development blueprints in fulfilment of South Africa’s membership in the global community. Indeed, South Africa was leading the African Union when the AU Agenda 2063 was developed and launched. It is important to state, from the on-set, that non-alignment between the NDP and the SDGs and Agenda 2063 should not be seen as a complete divergence between the three frameworks, but rather should be seen in the context in which they were formulated.
There are some SDG goals and targets which are not featured in the NDP (and vice-versa). This does not imply that South Africa is not doing anything about these particular goals and targets.
The formulation of the NDP and the targets articulated therein reflect solutions and measures which the developers perceived as essential to respond to the prevailing conditions and identified priorities outlined in the Diagnostic Report of 2011. At the heart of the analysis is identifying synergies and trade-offs across sectors and goals, as well as identifying and addressing gaps that may exist in the national framework, vis-à-vis the internationally agreed SDGs. Being a signatory to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the SDGs, South Africa is bound by its international obligations to ensure that its programmes and strategies are in tandem with the SDGs and that the fundamental contours of 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, predominated by the strategic imperative of “Leave No One Behind”, is adhered to. Other contours of the 2030 Agenda include putting sustainable development at the core of all development programmes; integrating social, economic and environmental dimensions of sustainability in all areas of human endeavour; transforming economies for jobs and inclusive growth; building peace and effective, open and accountable institutions for all; and, forging a new global partnership.
South Africa’s part in negotiating and framing the global and continental processes leading to the development of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the SDGs, and further, the African Union’s Agenda 2063 referred to the National Development Plan – Vision 2030 as a key national input into these global and continental agenda.
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The NDP is grounded in an analysis of South Africa’s achievements and the challenges faced since 1994. It sets out the elements that guide the country’s development policies and actions until 2030, to eliminate poverty and reduce inequality. This study was undertaken at the joint behest of the Department of Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation (DPME), and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) following a debate2 titled “Aligning the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to the NDP: Towards domestication of the SDGs in South Africa” held under the auspices of the Joint DPME, Wits School of Governance, Oliver and Adelaide Tambo Foundation and the UNDP programme on implementing the NDP.
South Africa’s NDP is a culmination of intensive work which started in May 2010 when the National Planning Commission (NPC) under Minister in the Presidency for National Planning, Trevor Manuel was mandated to draft a vision
and National Development Plan to guide the country towards a better future. President Jacob Zuma requested the NPC “to take a broad, cross-cutting, independent and critical view” of challenges and opportunities facing the country as a way of creating a new vision for all South Africans. The commission initiated a diagnostic analysis to identify and examine key challenges and obstacles that have an impact on the social and economic development of the country. An extensive period of public engagements and consultations took place during the analysis. The NPC hosted multiple forums across the country and engagements through a live online national communication platform dubbed the “NPC Jam”3. The NPC released the Diagnostic Report in June 2011 to set out SA’s achievements and shortcomings since 1994 to form the basis for charting the way forward until 2030. The Diagnostic Report identified nine primary challenges, as follows:
Figure 1: Nine challenges identified by the Diagnostic Report
Poverty and Inequality
Corruption
Divided communities
Too few jobs C
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Resource intense
economy
Public se
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uneven
Poor
education
Hig
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Exclusive Planning
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Box 1: The Nine challenges in the Diagnostic Report
The challenges identified in the Diagnostic Report laid the foundation for the development of the NDP with a time horizon extending to 2030. The main aim of the NDP is to ensure that
all South Africans attain a decent standard of living through the elimination of poverty and the reduction of inequality. The core elements of a decent standard of living are given as follows4:
1. Too few South Africans are employed;
2. The quality of education for poor black South Africans is substandard;
3. Poorly located and inadequate infrastructure limits social inclusion and faster economic growth;
4. South Africa’s growth path is highly resource-intensive and hence unsustainable;
5. Spatial challenges continue to marginalise the poor;
6. The ailing public health system confronts a massive disease burden;
7. The performance of the public service is uneven;
8. Corruption undermines state legitimacy and service delivery; and
9. South Africa remains a divided society.
Chapter One: Policy making in a complex environment
Chapter Two: Demographic trends
Chapter Three: Economy and employment
Chapter Four: Economic infrastructure – the foundation of social and economic development
Chapter Five: Ensuring environmental sustainability and equitable transition to a low-carbon economy
Chapter Six: An integrated and inclusive rural economy
Chapter Seven: Positioning South Africa in the world
Chapter Eight: Transforming human settlement and the national space economy
Chapter Nine: Improving education, training and innovation
Chapter Ten: Promoting health
Chapter Eleven: Social protection
Chapter Twelve: Building safer communities Chapter Thirteen: Building a capable developmental state
Chapter Fourteen: Fighting corruption Chapter Fifteen: Transforming society and uniting the country
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Box 2: Chapters of the National Development Plan - Vision 2030
Meanwhile, as the SDGs were being conceptualised, South Africa had completed its NDP based on the challenges and aspirations in the Diagnostic Report. South Africa played a key role in the negotiations and processes culminating in the drafting and adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its 17 SDGs, as well as the leadership role in the formulation and launching of the African Union Agenda 2063. South Africa’s role on the global stage will be discussed in more detail in Chapter
4. Before discussing the linkages or gaps thereof between the NDP Vision 2030 and the SDGs, it is important to have a clear understanding of the genesis of planning in South Africa since 1994, and how national priorities have evolved over time. Each of the national development plans launched and implemented since 1994 had specific issues to respond to and were not meant to be exhaustive in their scope and coverage. The next section takes a brief look at the various planning instruments instituted by the Government since 1994.
4 https://nationalplanningcommission.wordpress.com/the-national-development-plan/
Poverty is not an accident, like slavery and apartheid,it is man-made and can be removed by the actions of human beings.
- Nelson Mandela
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The first democratic elections in South Africa took place in April 1994, ushering into power the African National Congress (ANC), which won with a majority vote to head the government of national unity. One of the immediate tasks of the fledgling government was to rebuild and transform the economy, which had suffered as a result of years of economic isolation and financial exclusion because of sanctions enforced by the international community against the Apartheid system of government. To redress the gross social, economic and spatial inequalities of Apartheid, the ANC had sought to rally all people and resources towards the final eradication of Apartheid and build a
democratic, non-racial and non-sexist state. Planning in South Africa is anchored in its Constitution, which “enshrines a rights-based approach and envisions a prosperous, non-racial, non-sexist democracy that belongs to all its people. The Constitution further obliges South Africa to heal the divisions of the past, recognising that the country emerged from a system where the majority of its citizens were robbed of opportunity.5”
These two imperatives form the building blocks for successful national development and have been the basis for planning at all spheres of government.
PLANNING FRAMEWORKS IN SOUTH AFRICA – 1994 TO NDP
Long queues in April 1994
Source: The day God stepped in to save South Africa
5 Executive Summary – NDP 2030 – Our future – make it work.
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The Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) 1994
Following the change in the political dispensation in South Africa in 1994, The ANC-led government committed to improving the quality of life for ordinary people through a programme known as the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP). This was the election platform on which the ANC rallied South Africans, and was ultimately selected as the primary economic programme for the new government. Its broad objective was to create an equal society through reconstruction and development, as well as strengthening democracy for all South Africans.6 The RDP identified five major policy programmes
outlined in “The White Paper on the Reconstruction and Development Programme (1995)”:
1. Create a strong, dynamic and balanced economy;
2. Develop the human resource capacity of all South Africans;
3. Ensure that no one suffers racial or gender discrimination in hiring, promotion or training situations
4. Develop a prosperous, balanced regional economy in Southern Africa; and
5. Democratise the state and society.
Successes:
“RDP was successful in some areas such as social security in which the government established a very extensive welfare system. The system catered for the aged, disabled, children in need, foster parents and many others too poor to meet their basic social requirements. Under this programme, free health care programmes were implemented for pregnant women and small children, and free meals were provided for between 3.5 to 5 million schoolchildren.”7
Challenges:
The new government experienced difficulties in implementing the RDP due to (i) A very poor fiscal space inherited from the Apartheid regime, as well as the toxic economic legacy from more than 50 years of Apartheid; (ii) Lack of efficient public service and poor state capacity; and (iii) The inability of the new government to prioritise the RDP and to integrate it as the guiding principle of its socio-economic policies – it ignored the collection of new taxes, focusing, rather, on fiscal prudence and the reallocation of existing resources. Further, the new government lacked sufficiently skilled managers, and coordination mechanisms were weak.
6 http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/south-africa%E2%80%99s-key-economic-policies-changes-1994-20137 Ibid
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The Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR) strategy 1996
Responding to the challenges identified by the RDP, the government introduced a macroeconomic policy framework labelled the Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR) strategy in 1996 to stimulate faster economic growth to generate enough resources to meet its social investment needs. The policy included most of the measures articulated in the RDP but went further to try and address fiscal deficits, keeping inflation in check, maintaining exchange rate stability, decreasing barriers to trade and liberalising capital flows.
Successes: Fiscal deficit, inflation and government consumption targets were partially met. There was increased macroeconomic stability, the management of public finances improved significantly, and government expenditures, in general, were kept in check.
Challenges: Private investment, job creation and GDP growth indicators were disappointing. Low levels of economic growth and private
investment were insufficient to contribute to the reduction in unemployment, and the policy achieved very little success with the distribution of wealth. While the GEAR strategy was sufficient for the achievement of macroeconomic objectives, it fell short concerning the social challenges of the country, most notably poverty reduction and employment creation as was envisaged.
The Accelerated and Shared Growth Initiative for South Africa (ASGISA) 2006
In 2005, GEAR was replaced by ASGISA, which was construed to be an improvement on the first two strategies. It was also an acknowledgement that despite the adoption and implementation of the RDP and GEAR, the country was still experiencing deep-rooted poverty driven by unemployment and low earnings as well as the jobless nature of economic growth. The main objectives of ASGISA were to reduce poverty by 2010 and halve unemployment by 2014 through strengthening the implementation of policy objectives. The following areas were identified as requiring urgent redress.
• Lack of skilled, committed staff in the public service
• Lack of human resource to implement policies
• Inadequate financial resources
• Corruption and mismanagement of funds
• Lack of people-driven development
• Lack of proper coordination between institutions
• Barriers to entry, limits to competition
• Limited new investment opportunities.
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Successes: The Department of Public Service and Administration outlined the success factors following the launch of ASGISA. Fixed investments had grown, and overall public-sector infrastructure expenditure had increased in the 2006/07 financial year while more infrastructure projects were to be carried out with committed funds. A significant number of jobs had been created, with the Gautrain project contributing 58,000 jobs alone. The education and skills sectors had benefited through funding for indigenous language material, and teacher training in mathematics and science. Several professions and areas of improvement were also identified as needing attention to address skills shortages.
Challenges: A key challenge of ASGISA was that it was too limited in scope and may have diverted attention away from real obstacles to higher growth. Issues such as high crime rates, high tax rates, and limited access to financial services by small business operators, high labour costs, corruption and the costs of financing black economic empowerment were left out of ASGISA. Further, with changes in political leadership, there was no continuity and institutional memory in implementing this initiative.
The New Growth Path (NGP) 2010
ASGISA was replaced with the New Growth Path, which acknowledged that structural unemployment remained extremely high, oppression of workers continued, inequalities were deeper than ever before, and that poverty continued to affect millions of South Africans.8 The overall focus of the NGP was on job creation, with a secondary focus on the improvement of inequality levels; reduction of poverty; improved coordination; planning; and implementation of economic policies in all three spheres of government. NGP was meant to address these challenges by accelerating growth in the South African economy in ways that would rapidly reduce poverty, unemployment and inequality. To address the persistent challenges identified in the three previous strategies, higher levels of economic growth was seen as a necessary
policy. The target of the NDP was to create 5 million jobs by 2020; to reduce unemployment from 24.4% to 15%; and to train 100 000 youths, of whom 30 000 should be qualified engineers and 50 000 trained artisans by 2015.9 The NGP was the government’s strategy to build an inclusive economy, create decent employment, sustainable livelihoods and eradicate poverty and income inequality. The National Development Plan: Vision 2030 is a Country vision while the NGP is a Government strategy in pursuit of the Country Vision.
Successes: The NGP provided for increased incentives to promote investments for job creation. This included the creation of a R9 billion Jobs Fund, the allocation of R10 billion by the Industrial Development Corporation, and tax breaks of up to R20 billion. However, questions abound regarding the sectoral distribution of these funds.
Challenges: Though the NGP provided these opportunities, employment growth in the country remained stubbornly unresponsive to incentives given, and the country was trapped in the “jobless growth” trap. Poverty and inequality levels persisted during the implementation of the NGP.
8 http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/south-africa' s-key-economic-policies-changes-1994-20139 Government of South Africa. 2011. Eastern Cape Socio-Economic Consultative Council. 2010: 7
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The National Development Plan – Vision 2030
In early 2013 the government introduced the National Development Plan (NDP) – Vision 2030 as South Africa’s long-term socio-economic development perspective. This policy was adopted as the cornerstone and blueprint for a future economic and socio-economic development strategy for the country and is viewed as a policy blueprint for eliminating poverty and reducing inequality in South Africa by the year 2030. To address the country’s socio-economic imbalances, which have by now been so well articulated, the NDP reiterates the key constraints to faster growth as identified in the RDP, GEAR, ASGISA and the NGP among other things. It presents a roadmap to a more inclusive economy. Since the NDP has remained the primary foundation on which various options for pursuing solutions to the challenges first identified in the Reconstruction and Development Programme of 1994. The NDP has four broad objectives as a long-term strategic plan.10
Following the adoption of the NDP: Vision 2030, a framework of translating the aspirations of the vision into actions which would be implemented locally needed to be developed to facilitate the implementation of all key policy instruments which had been developed hitherto. Thus in 2013, the National Executive decided that the 2014 - 2019 Medium Term Strategic Framework be the first five-year
implementation instrument for the NDP. Since then, the MTSF has been aligned to the national governing party’s election manifesto, which sets out to achieve a radical socio-economic agenda.
• Providing overarching goals for what South Africa would like to achieve by 2030.
• Building consensus on the key obstacles to achieving these goals and what needs to be done to overcome those obstacles.
• Providing a shared long-term strategic framework within which more detailed planning can take place to advance the long-term goals set out in the NDP.
• Creating a basis for making choices about how best to use limited resources.
10 http://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/national-development-plan-unpacked
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The Medium-Term Strategic Framework
Following the adoption of the NDP, the government has unpacked the implementation of the plan into a five-year strategic framework called the Medium Term Strategic Framework (MTSF), which aligns with the electoral term, the current one covering the period 2014 to 2019. The MTSF sets out the actions Government will take and targets to be achieved in the reference timeframe. It also provides a framework for the other plans of national, provincial and local government. It highlights the Government’s support for a competitive economy, creation of decent work opportunities and encouragement of investment. The MTSF aims to ensure policy coherence, alignment and coordination across government plans as well as alignment with budgeting processes with a loopback mechanism to the NDP and Vision 2030.
Working in mutually reinforcing harmony, the NDP and the MTSF chart out the developmental trajectory of South Africa until the 2030 NDP timeframe, working within the course charted
by the 5-year MTSF.
The NDP appears to be the framework best suited to achieve the objectives initially envisaged in 1994 at the dawn of South Africa’s democratic dispensation. Although it lacks a well-defined implementation framework in its own right, the MTSF provides for this, though the need for alignment between the NDP, the MTSF the Provincial Growth and Development Strategy (PGDS) and the Integrated Development Plans (IDP) at the regional level needs to be actively pursued.
The NDP focuses on the critical capabilities and capacities needed to transform the economy and bring about the desired change. It focuses on the linkages between capabilities, opportunities and employment and their effects on social change and improved living conditions.
The NDP reproduced in summary below, promises to eliminate poverty and reduce inequality by 2030 by drawing on the energies of its people, growing an inclusive economy, building capabilities, enhancing the capacity of the state, and promoting leadership and partnerships throughout society. At its core, the NDP intends to do/produce the following:
• A social compact to reduce poverty and inequality and raise employment and investment.
• A strategy to address poverty and its impacts by broadening access to employment, strengthening the social wage, improving public transport and raising rural incomes.
• Steps by the state to professionalise the public service, strengthen accountability, improve coordination and prosecute corruption.
• Boost private investment in labour-inten-sive areas, competitiveness and exports, with adjustments to lower the risk of hiring younger workers.
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• An education accountability chain, with lines of responsibility from the state to the classroom.
• Phase in national health insurance, with a focus on upgrading public health facilities, producing more health professionals and reducing the relative cost of private health care.
• Public infrastructure investment at 10% of gross domestic product (GDP), financed through tariffs, public-private partnerships, taxes and loans and focused on transport,
energy and water.
• Interventions to ensure environmental sustainability and resilience to future shocks.
• New spatial norms and standards – densifying cities, improving transport, locating jobs where people live, upgrading informal settlements and fixing housing market gaps.
• Reduce crime by strengthening criminal justice and improving community environments.
While the MTSF reflects the commitments made in the election manifesto of the governing party, including the commitment to implement the NDP, it also sets out the actions that Government promises to take and which targets are to be achieved. The MTSF provides a guiding framework for the other plans at the national, sectoral, provincial
and local government to implement to fulfil the requirements stipulated in the NDP. The current MTSF covers the electoral period 2019 to 2024 and, articulates the way commitments made in the 2019 election-winning party’s manifesto will be implemented within the framework of the NDP Vision 2030.
StrongLeadership
Social
Cohesion
Social
Cohesion
ActiveCitizenry
GovernmentCon
ditio
ns
Rising Living
Standards PovertyReduction
Grow
th
Opportunities
Capabilities
Empl
oym
ent
CY
CLE
OF D
EVELOPMENT
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The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development derives from a protracted consultative process, which involved numerous stakeholders, governments and regional input into what was then referred to as the post-2015 development agenda. They were adopted by the UN Member States in September 2015 and officially came into effect in January 2016 following the conclusion of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The Agenda strives for a world that is just, rights-based, equitable and inclusive; it commits stakeholders to work together to promote sustained and inclusive economic growth, social development and
environmental protection and to benefit all, including women, children, youth and future generations. An integrated approach to sustainable development and collective action is required at all levels to address the challenges of our time, with an overarching imperative of “leaving no one behind” in achieving this ambitious and universal agenda.13 The Agenda is a plan of action for people, planet and prosperity. It also seeks to strengthen universal peace and justice and, seeks to foster tighter global partnerships. It will stimulate action in these areas in the following manner (the 5-Ps)11.
SOUTH AFRICA – FROM MDGS TO SDGS AND AGENDA 2063 – UNFINISHED BUSINESS?
PeopleWe (the world) are determined to end poverty and hunger, in
all their forms and dimensions, and to ensure that all human
beings can fulfil their potential in dignity and equality and a
healthy environment.
PeaceWe are determined to foster peaceful, just and inclusive
societies which are free from fear and violence. There can be
no sustainable development without peace and no
peace without sustainable development.
PlanetWe are determined to protect the planet from degradation,
including through sustainable consumption and production,
sustainably managing its natural resources and taking
urgent action on climate change, so that it can support the needs of the present and
future generations.
PartnershipWe are determined to
mobilise the means required to implement this Agenda
through a revitalised Global Partnership for Sustainable Development, based on a
spirit of strengthened global solidarity, focused in particular
on the needs of the poorest and most vulnerable and with the
participation of all countries, all stakeholders and all people.
ProsperityWe are determined to ensure
that all human beings can enjoy prosperous and fulfilling lives and that economic, social and technological progress occurs
in harmony with nature.
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South Africa: The MDGs, and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and Agenda 2063
South Africa played a key role in the context of several global and continental processes that unfolded during 2015 which led to the development of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, as well as continent-wide processes that culminated in the conclusion and adoption of the African Union Agenda 2063. It will be recalled that in 2013, the African Union, under the leadership of the Republic of South Africa, laid down a vision for the “Africa we want”, including eight ideals, which were later translated into the seven aspirations of Agenda 2063.15 At the same time, Heads of State and Government of the AU decided to establish a high-level committee (HLC) comprising ten member states, including South Africa, to develop the Common African Position on the post-2015 development agenda (CAP)12. Subsequently, on the sidelines of the United Nations General Assembly, in September 2014, the ministers of the G77 plus China (G77+China) elected South Africa as a rotating Chair of the group for 2015. As Chair of the G77+China, South Africa had the challenging task of leading the group in the context of major international negotiations taking place in 2015.
The leadership role played in the context of the abovementioned continental, and global processes underpin South Africa’s vantage position to influence the continental and global development agendas, drawing from its National Development Plan (NDP) and the Vision 2030. In turn, as the SDGs and Agenda 2063 were taking shape, the finalisation of South Africa’s National Development Plan and Vision 2030 was being informed by discussions around continental and global development priorities. An analysis of longstanding and emerging development challenges and a review of the MDGs’ unfinished business also contributed to informing South Africa’s NDP (Casazza & Chulu, 2016)13. By 2010, South Africa
had integrated the MDGs into its MTSF and other planning and implementation frameworks. It was embarking upon accelerating efforts in implementing programmes that would ensure that those MDGs lagging would be brought up to speed via the MDG Acceleration Framework (MAF) process. The MTSF 2009-2014 was a statement of government intent, which identified development challenges facing the country and outlined a medium-term strategy to improve the living conditions of South Africans. It outlined ten priority areas, which were aimed at giving life to the objective of meeting the development needs of all South Africans. The MTSF 2009-2014 also coincided with Government’s efforts to meet its international commitments and obligations, especially through its demonstrated ownership of the MDG agenda. The 2010 MDG Report concludes that the “South African Constitution and its development mandate explicitly takes MDGs into account, and therefore there remains a greater possibility that despite many a challenge, South Africa has a plan in place and a winning chance in the fight against hunger, disease, ignorance, gender equality and making South Africa and the world a better place.”14
12 The CAP was meant to inform the participation of African Member States in the Open Working Group on Sustainable Development Goals (OWG) and the African Group of Negotiators in the intergovernmental negotiations process that followed the OWG's proposal for Sustainable Development Goals13 Casazza, A. & Chulu, O. 2016. Aligning the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to the NDP: Towards domestication of the SDGs in South Africa.14 StatsSA: Millennium Development Goals Country Report 2010. http://www.statssa.gov.za/MDG/MDGR_2010.pdf
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Table 1 shows the linkages between the ten priorities in the MTSF 2009-2014 and the MDGs. South Africa made significant progress in achieving most of the MDGs though progress was compromised in a few of them. The sixth and final MDG Report for South Africa (2015) alludes to the fact that although major progress has been achieved in meeting the MDG targets, challenges remain. The global food and fuel price upsurge experienced before 2009 and the associated financial crisis seriously undermined the country’s ability to deliver on MDG 1. South Africa achieved three of the nine indicators, marking progress towards reducing poverty and hunger. While progress was made in eradicating extreme poverty and hunger as defined by international poverty lines, income inequality remains a challenge.
The goal of achieving universal primary education was reached by South Africa in terms of increased access, headcount enrolment, and investment by Government and the private sector in education. South Africa achieved five of its benchmarks but has yet to achieve several indicators related to efficiency in the use of resources and improving the quality of education. MDG 3 promulgated the promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of women. South Africa had seven indicators charting progress towards this MDG and achieved five of them including gender parity at primary, secondary and tertiary education, female literacy levels for 15-24 year-olds and the ratio of female to male unemployed aged between 15 and 64 years.
Table 1: NDP Strategic Priorities and Corresponding MDGs.
LINKAGES BETWEEN SOUTH AFRICA’S NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN AND THE MDGs
MTSF STRATEGIC ELEMENTS RELEVANT MDGs
1 Strategic Priority 1: Speeding up growth and transforming the economy to create decent work and sustainable livelihoods
MDG 1, MDG 2, MDG 3, MDG 8
2 Strategic Priority 2: Massive programme to build economic and social infrastructure
MDG 1, MDG 3, MDG 8
3 Strategic Priority 3: Comprehensive rural development strategy linked to land and agrarian reform and food security
MDG 1, MDG 2, MDG 7
4 Strategic Priority 4: Strengthen the skills and human resource base MDG 2
5 Strategic Priority 5: Improve the health profile of all South Africans MDG 4, MDG 5, MDG 6
6 Strategic Priority 6: Intensify the fight against crime and corruption MDG 2, MDG 3
7 Strategic Priority 7: Build cohesive, caring and sustainable communities
MDG 2, MDG 3, MDG 7
8 Strategic Priority 8: Pursuing African advancement and enhanced International cooperation
MDG 8
9 Strategic Priority 9: Sustainable resource management and use MDG 2, MDG 3, MDG 7
10 Strategic Priority 10: Building a developmental state, including improvement of public services and strengthening democratic institutions
MDG 1, MDG 2, MDG 3, MDG 8
Source: StatsSA: South Africa's MDG Country Report (2010:17
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The report notes, however, that women share a disproportionate burden of unemployment.With regards to child mortality (MDG 4), progress was made in increasing coverage of all essential vaccines in South Africa. Even though the target of achieving two-thirds reduction in mortality rates was not reached, substantial progress has been made in reducing child mortality by, for example reducing pneumonia the incidence in children under five and reducing the proportion of HIV-exposed infants who tested positive at six weeks of age.
Maternal health has remained a challenge for South Africa, despite many programmes aimed at stemming the maternal mortality ratio (MMR). Although South Africa experienced unprecedented increases in MMR of around 311 per 100,000 in 2009, there has been a significant and sustained decline recorded in 2010 of 270 per 100,000 through a strong Prevention on Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) in respect of HIV, which has spin-offs in MMR.
By 2013, South Africa had the largest HIV treatment programme in the world with 2.3 million South Africans on retroviral treatment and is well on the way to achieving universal treatment for HIV/AIDS for those who need it. The number of malaria cases decreased markedly by 80% between 2000 and 2013, and South Africa is one of the few countries ready for malaria elimination. TB remains the leading cause of death, yet the proportion of HIV-TB co-infected patients who are on ART has increased.
Although South Africa is a major emitter of carbon dioxide, efforts are being made to transform its energy sector to be less reliant on coal. South Africa has achieved 100% of its target of reducing bromodichloromethane consumption. It has also achieved its target of providing sanitation with 76% of the population having access to an improved sanitation facility.
All Goal 8 indicators were domesticated to reflect their relevance to the South African context and focused on overall macroeconomic and socioeconomic performance. Progress
had been made in achieving macroeconomic stability and developing a framework to push up private-sector roll out of universal voice communication coverage. Despite successes in some areas including expansionary fiscal measures, South Africa has not been able to stimulate the desired levels of economic growth and has been unable to eliminate the fundamental constraints to inclusive economic development (StatsSA, 2015).
Mapping the NDP to the MTSF, SDGs and AU Agenda 2063
The overarching objectives of South Africa’s NDP and vision 2030 are to eradicate poverty, reduce unemployment, and considerably reduce inequality. Within these broad objectives, South Africa has committed to bring the proportion of people living below the national poverty line of R 419/month from 39% to zero, and to reduce income inequality, as measured by the Gini Coefficient, from 0.69 to 0.6 . The SDGs, drawing on the experiences and unfinished business of the MDGs, also advance the notion of eradicating poverty and reducing inequalities within, and among, countries everywhere. It is therefore critical that national priorities are in congruence with the global objectives contained in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Similarly, there is a need to further elaborate on the linkages between both the NDP and the MTSF outcomes to the two relevant sets of goals and aspirations encapsulated in the SDGs and the continental Agenda 2063.
It is widely believed that due to the leading role that South Africa played in the run-up to the adoption of both the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the AU Agenda 2063, there is close alignment between its NDP and the two sets of development goals. The following section presents a more systematic analysis of the 13 areas covered by the NDP as they relate to the 169 targets of the 17 SDGs. It also makes the link between the NDP objectives, the MTSF and the 7 Aspirations, 20 Goals and 39 Priority Areas of the AU Agenda 2063.
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Statistics South Africa has over 2018 developed a mapping of indicators for the NDP, the MTSF, the SDGs and Agenda 2063. A major objective of this mapping exercise is to identify tier one, tier two and tier three indicators for use in monitoring and reporting on the SDGs and national programmes including the NDP.20 The work being undertaken by Statistics SA on developing a baseline on tier 1 and tier 2 indicators linking the SDGs to the NDP will
augment and complement the linkages that this paper scrutinises at the level of national priority programme implementation and their linkages to SDG targets.
Being a broad strategic framework, the NDP has strived to rally all South Africans behind a set of common objectives to confront poverty and inequality based on six mutually reinforcing priorities.
These priorities are the building blocks on which the plan is anchored. The basic elements of the plan are a result of extensive research, consultation and engagement, and sets out to propose firm interventions to address the challenges that were identified in the Diagnostic Report of June 2011. The NDP is far from being an exhaustive document. Rather, it
focuses on elements that were highlighted in the Diagnostic Report and provides actions to address the identified challenges. The analysis, therefore, only focuses on those areas which are in the NDP and does not take the entire government programme as a basis for the matching exercise.
Uniting South Africans
around a common
programme
1
4
2
5
3
6Building
capabilities
Leadership and
responsibility
throughout society
Citizens active in their
own development
A capable and
developmental state
Faster and more
inclusive economic
growth
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The objectives of each of the chapters of the NDP listed in Appendix 1 are cross-matched to the 169 targets of the SDGs and the 20 Goals and 39 Priorities of the African Union’s Agenda 2063. The mapping closely follows the methodology used in conducting Rapid Integrated Assessments (RIA) of National Plans against the SDG targets to provide a gap analysis of the SDG targets that are not prioritised in a national plan, as well as those targets that are prioritised by multiple sectors in order to establish the cross-sectoral dimensions of SDG targets and Agenda 2063 Priorities. The decision on whether or not an NDP objective contributes significantly to an SDG target/Agenda 2063 Priority was based on the perceived potential importance of the NDP objective in contributing towards the realisation of the SDG target or Agenda 2063 Priority. As no data currently exists to substantiate perceptions in this analysis, a further line of work will need to be undertaken to establish actual potential contributions of each of the NDP objectives to SDG target indicators as well as the Agenda 2063 Priorities and their 256 targets. Three sets of criteria covering three different levels of impact/alignment to SDG targets are used to classify each of the NDP objectives, which are colour coded. The same was done for the alignment between the NDP and Agenda 2063. The NDP objectives colour coded green have a direct and potentially large impact on an SDG target; yellow colour coded NDP objectives have a moderate impact on an SDG target while those NDP objectives colour coded red indicate that there is little or no impact on an SDG target.
Criteria for classifying NDP Objectives against the SDGs and Agenda 2063
Criteria 1: Impact of NDP objective on SDG target/ Agenda 2063 priority
– this criterion focuses on the potential incremental impact ratio of an NDP objective on an SDG target. This criterion implies that if the NDP objective has great potential in facilitating the attainment of an SDG target or Agenda 263 Priority, it is classified as “green”. If the NDP objective has a moderate potential
contribution to an SDG target or Agenda 2063 Priority, it is classified as “yellow”. If the NDP objective has weak or no potential impact on an SDG or Agenda 2063 Priority, it is classified as “red”.
Criteria 2: Magnitude of impact
– this criterion focuses on the target population, especially those who are construed as being vulnerable and the least well off as well as those hard-to-reach populations. If the NDP objective has a considerable focus on vulnerable groups (targeting), it is classified as “green”, if the objective has a moderate impact on affected groups, it is classified as “yellow” and if there are no apparent linkages between the NDP objective and SDG target or Agenda 2063 Priority populations, the classification is “red”.
Criteria 3: Speed of impact
– the length of time to realise the NDP objective’s impact. An NDP objective is “green” if the full impact can potentially be realised within an MTSF cycle – five years; “yellow” if the NDP objective will take more than five years to be realised; and “red” if the impact will not be realised before the end of 2030
As has been mentioned earlier, the mapping process used in this analysis followed the RIA process closely in order to provide a gap analysis of the SDG targets or Agenda 2063 Priorities not featured in the national plan. It also provides a bird’s eye view of those SDG targets and Agenda 2063 Priorities which are addressed by multiple NDP sectors. In determining the contribution of the NDP objectives towards the SDG targets and Agenda 2063 Priority areas, it is important to note that some objectives will have a direct impact on a particular SDG target or 2063 Priority, while others will only impact the targets/priority indirectly. It is also important to note that one NDP objective can contribute towards multiple SDG targets or Agenda 2063 Priority. Once the initial mapping was done between the SDG targets and the NDP objectives, a further alignment was undertaken with the MTSF and the AU Agenda 2063.
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Table 2: Classification Criteria for Assessing the alignment between the NDP and the SDGs and Agenda 2063
CRITERIA AND DESCRIPTION
GREENStrong potential impact of NDP objective onSDG target
YELLOWModerate potentialimpact of NDP objective on SDG target
REDWeak or no potentialimpact of NDP objective on SDG target
Impact of NDP objective on SDG target - incremental impact ratio
Can potentially contribute to a large proportion of SDG target by 2030
Limited to moderate potential for additional impact to SDG target
No potential for additional impact
Magnitude of impact- Target population including vulnerable groups and the least well-off
Majority of impact focused on vulnerable groups and least well-off
Limited impact on vulnerable groups and least well-off
Little or no impact on vulnerable groups and least well-off
Speed of impact - Length of time to realise the NDP objective’s impact
Full impact realised within the MTSF cycle - 5 years
Partial impact - will take more than 5 years to realise
Impact will not be realised before 2030
Alignment between the NDP, SDGs and Agenda 2063
The next stage of the analysis was to provide an overview of the alignment between the SDGs and the objectives of the NDP. The analysis of the extent to which the NDP objectives align with the SDG targets is important in that it brings to the fore several pertinent questions considering South Africa’s commitment to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the SDGs; the African Union Agenda 2063, and most importantly, its commitment to improving the livelihoods of all South Africans. The alignment exercise seeks to answer the following:
• How does the NDP, the SDGs and Agenda 2063 converge?
• Are there synergies across sectors and if so specifically which NDP objectives contribute to more than one SDG or agenda 2063 Priority?
• What are the gaps in the NDP which are reflected as global priorities in the SDGs or continental priorities in Agenda 2063?
• Are there any NDP priorities not reflected in the SDGs or Agenda 2063?
• If there are gaps in the NDP, are there programmes and strategies which are designed to address these gaps without necessarily being explicitly mentioned in the NDP?
Since the NDP provides a comprehensive response to the challenges identified in the Diagnostic Report, it is important to establish whether the mismatch between the NDP objectives and the SDG targets and Agenda 2063 priorities happened because the Diagnostic Report did not consider some aspect which now appears in the SDGs or Agenda 2063 as important or relevant to the challenges of the day. It is also important to ascertain whether an SDG target or Agenda 2063 priority not aligned to any NDP objectives is relevant and important to the development of South Africa and whether it is being addressed elsewhere using some other sectoral or regional development platforms, or whether it was an oversight on the part of the developers of the NDP.
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Figure 3 gives the level of alignment between NDP objectives and SDG targets. For each of the SDG targets, only those NDP objectives which have a potentially strong direct impact on the SDG target are considered for inclusion
in the analysis. If desired, the analysis could further include those NDP objectives which have been assessed to have a moderate impact on the SDG targets.
There is generally a very strong convergence between the objectives outlined in the NDP and the SDG targets within the confines of the intended objectives of the NDP. It is well recognised that the Sustainable Development Goals are all inter-connected, in an intricate system of synergies and mutually reinforcing inter-relations. Likewise, the means to achieve these goals are not only equally plentiful but are also intricately interlinked and synergistic in nature. However, the interconnection and inte-rrelationships of SDGs and their targets are not so simple as some goals and targets interact with some more strongly than others. In contrast, some targets reinforce each other (synergies). Others may display some externalities with one another (trade-offs). Some may be necessary
for others to be achieved (enablers). Similarly, the objectives of the NDP may take the form of mutual reinforcement (synergies), there may be trade-offs, while on occasion, one may find enabling elements in the objectives. What is important is that each objective in the NDP will contribute to multiple SDG targets in either a synergistic or enabling manner.
The alignment between the NDP and Agenda 2063 is almost perfect at 94.87 per cent when only NDP objectives with direct impact on Agenda 2063 are considered.
17%SDG targets fully
addressed
26%SDG targets partially
addressed
57%SDG targets not
addressed in NDP
Figure 2: Convergence between the NDP and the SDGs
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This is not surprising since all continental Aspirations, their Goals, Priority areas and targets, were developed at the time when South Africa was chairing the African Union Commission, overseeing both the development of Agenda 2063 as well as Africa’s contribution to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development through the Common African Position (CAP) on the post-2015 Development Agenda.
Figure 4 shows the per centage of NDP Objectives which are directly aligned to the Agenda 2063 objectives as well as those which only indirectly impact Agenda 2063 priorities. It should be made clear here that some NDP objectives can affect one or more Agenda 2063 priorities directly while at the same time having only an indirect impact on other Agenda 2063 priorities. The overall direct alignment of the NDP to Agenda 2063 is 94.87 per cent. Only 5.13 per cent of the Agenda 2063 priorities are not directly referred to in the NDP as illustrated in Figure 5. These are found in Aspiration 5, Goal 16 consisting of Values and ideas of Pan Africanism, and Cultural Values and African Renaissance.
The ideal of Pan-Africanism is an old one in South Africa and was especially espoused by political figures such as Robert Sobukwe. Although not explicit in the NDP, Pan-African ideals form the bedrock of South Africa’s foreign policy. Chapter 7 of the NDP suggests that in order to pursue and implement an effective foreign policy, South Africa should elevate Africa as a top priority and strengthen multilateral cooperation arrangements with Africa focussing on increased share of trade with the rest of the continent. The Department of International Relations and Cooperation (DIRCO) has stated that South Africa’s destiny is inextricably linked to that of the Southern African region. South Africa has been a leading proponent of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement. DIRCO’s strategic plan states that Africa is at the centre of South Africa’s foreign policy, and that South Africa must continue
to support regional and continental processes to respond to, and resolve crises, strengthen regional integration, significantly increase intra-African trade and champion sustainable development and opportunities in Africa16.
In Figure 5 below, we assess which of the Agenda 2063 priorities have the greatest alignment with the NDPs. This is done by simply taking the frequencies of NDP Objectives contributing to a particular Agenda 2063 Priority, both directly and indirectly.
16 Republic of South Africa, Department of International Relations and Cooperation, Strategic Plan 2015 – 2020 http://www.dirco.gov.za/department/strategic_plan_2015_2020_revised2/strategic_plan2015_2020_revised2.pdf, accessed 20 May 2020.
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Agenda 2063 priorities with the highest frequencies of NDP objectives directly impacting them have a higher alignment with the NDP than those with smaller frequencies or those with a high indirect impact.
Table 3 indicates which NDP objectives affect the highest number of SDG targets, which ones have moderate numbers of SDG targets affected and which have a low contribution to SDG targets. Each NDP objective exhibiting a moderate to a high level of frequency (greater
than 5) in contributing to SDG targets provides the highest “multiplier effects” and should, therefore, be given the highest priority (if achieving the SDGs is the primary objective for South Africa). It follows, therefore, that NDP targets which affect the highest number of SDG targets should have the central policy and implementation focus. However, this does not imply that those NDP objectives with limited or low “multiplier” effects on SDG targets are not important to the overall socio-economic environment in the country.
Figure 3: Proportion of Agenda 2063 Priorities addressed by the NDP
Ag
end
a 20
63 P
rior
ity
Number of NDP Objectives aligned to 2063 Priority
0 10 20 30 40 50
Number of NDP Objectives Directly impacting aligned to Agenda 2063 Priority Number of NDP Objectives indirectly impacting aligned to Agenda 2063 Priority
Incomes, Jobs and decent work
Poverty, Inequality and Hunger
Social security and protection including Persons with Disabilities
Modern and Livable Habitats and Basic Quality Services
Education and STI skills driven revolution
Health and Nutrition
Sustainable and inclusive economic growth
STI driven Manufacturing/ Industrialisation and Value Addition
Economic diversification and resilience]
Hospitality/ Tourism
Agricultural Productivity and Production
Marine resources and Energy
Ports Operations and Marine Transport
Sustainable natural resource management and Biodiversity
Sustainable consumption and production patterns
Water Security
Climate resilience and natural disasters preparedness and
Renewable energy
Framework and Institutions for a United Africa
Financial and Monetary Institutions
Communications and Infrastructure Connectivity
Democracy and Good Governance
Human Rights, Justice and The Rule of Law
Institutions and Leadership
Participatory Development and Local Governance
Maintenance and Preservation of Peace and Security
Institutional structure for AU instruments on Peace and Security
Fully operational and functional APSA Pillars
Values and Ideals of Pan Africanism
Cultural Valuees and African Renaissance
Cultural Heritage, Creative Arts and Businesses
Women and Girls Empowerment
Violence & Discrimination against Women and Girls
Youth Empowerment and Children
Africa’s place in global affairs
Partnership
African Capital market
Fiscal system and Public Sector Revenues
Development Assistance
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Many of the “moderate” and “low” contributors perform specific and often critical roles in ensuring a holistic approach to national development.
They respond to specific needs that were identified in the Diagnostic Report. It is also important to point out that a great number of NDP objectives with the highest SDG
multipliers involve redistributive mechanisms to be put in place to address the challenges facing the most vulnerable segments of South Africa’s population. In addition, much of the interventions aimed at increasing social infrastructure and social investment are perceived to produce more than proportionate increases in the number of SDG
High SDG Contribution (<10) Medium SDG Contribution (5-10)
Low SDG Contribution (>5)
The unemployment rate should fall from 24.9% in June 2012 to 14% by 2020 and to 6% by 2030. This requires an additional 11 million jobs. Total employment should rise from 13 million to 24 million.
The proportion of adults working should increase from 41% to 61%.
The labour force participation rate should rise from 54% to 65%.
The proportion of adults in rural areas working should rise from 29% to 40%.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) should increase by 2.7 times in real terms, requiring average annual GDP growth of 5.4% over the period.
The proportion of national income earned by the bottom 40% should rise from about 6% today to 10% in 2030.
Intra-regional trade in Southern Africa should increase from 7% of trade to 25% of trade by 2030.
GDP per capita should increase from about R50 000 per person in 2010 to R110 000 per person in 2030 at constant prices.
Ensure that all people have access to clean, potable water and that there is enough water for agriculture and industry, recognising the trade-offs in the use of water.
South Africa’s trade with regional neighbours should increase from 15% of our trade to 30%.
Broaden ownership of assets to historically disadvantaged groups.
Competitively priced and widelyavailable broadband.
The proportion of people with access to the electricity grid should rise to at least 90% by 2030, with non-grid options available for the rest.
Absolute reductions in the total volume of waste disposed to landfill each year.
The country would need an additional 29 000MW of electricity by 2030. About 10 900MW of existing capacity is to be retired, implying a new build of more than 40 000MW.
At least 20 000MW of renewable energy should be contracted by 2030.
At least 20 000MW of this capacity should come from renewable sources.
Table 3: Classification of NDP objective by level of contribution towards SDG targets
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High SDG Contribution (<10) Medium SDG Contribution (5-10) Low SDG Contribution (>5)
A set of indicators for natural resources, accompanied by the publication of annual reports on the health of identified resources to inform policy.
Maintain a positive trade balance for primary and processed agricultural products.
Reduce water demand in urban areas to 15% below the business-as-usual scenario by 2030.
Improved disaster preparedness for extreme climate events.
Intra-regional trade in Southern Africa should increase from 7% of trade to 25% of trade by 2030.
The proportion of people who use public transport for regular commutes will expand significantly. By 2030, public transport will be user-friendly, less environmentally damaging, cheaper and integrated or seamless.
Increased investment in new agricultural technologies, research and the development of adaptation strategies for the protection of rural livelihoods and expansion of commercial agriculture.
South Africa’s trade with regional neighbours should increase from 15% of our trade to 30%.
A target for the amount of land and oceans under protection (presently about 7.9 million hectares of land, 848 km of coastline and 4 172 km2 of the ocean are protected).
Strong and efficient spatial planning system, well-integrated across the spheres of government.
An additional 643 000 direct jobs and 326 000 indirect jobs in the agriculture, agro-processing and related sectors by 2030.
Better quality of public transport.
Achieve the peak, plateau and decline trajectory for greenhouse gas emissions, with the peak being reached around 2025.
Upgrade all informal settlements on suitable, well-located land by 2030.
Significantly reduce the prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases.
By 2030, an economy-wide carbon price should be entrenched.
In 2030 people living in South Africa feel safe and have no fear of crime. They feel safe at home, at school and at work, and they enjoy an active community life free of fear. Women can walk freely in the street, and the children can play safely outside.
Deploy primary healthcare teams to provide care to families and communities.
Zero-emission building standards by 2030.
Everyone must have access to an equal standard of care, regardless of their income.
More people are living closer to their places of work.
Ensure progressively and through multiple avenues that no one lives below a defined minimum social floor.
More jobs in or close to dense, urban townships.
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High SDG Contribution (<10) Medium SDG Contribution (5-10)
Low SDG Contribution (>5)
The police service is a well- resourced professional institution staffed by highly skilled officers who value their work, serve the community, safeguard lives and property without discrimination, protect the peaceful against violence, and respect the rights of all to equality and justice.
All children should enjoy services and benefits aimed at facilitating access to nutrition, health care, education, social care and safety.
Increase the average male and female life expectancy at birth to 70 years. Progressively improve TB prevention and cure.
A state that is capable of playing a developmental and transformative role.
Provide income support to the unemployed through various active labour market initiatives such as public works programmes, training and skills development, and other labour market-related incentives.
Reduce maternal, infant and childmortality.
A public service immersed in the development agenda but insulated from undue political interference.
Our vision is a society where opportunity is not determined by race or birthright; where citizens accept that they have both rights and responsibilities. Most critically, we seek a united, prosperous, non- racial, non-sexist and democratic South Africa.
Fill posts with skilled, committed and competent individuals.
Staff at all levels have the authority, experience, competence and support they need to do their jobs.
Reduce injury, accidents and violence by 50% from 2010 levels.
Relations between national,
provincial and local
government are improved
through a more proactive
approach to managing the
intergovernmental system.
Address problems such as
hunger, malnutrition and
micronutrient deficiencies
that affect physical growth
and cognitive development,
especially among children.
Address the skills deficit in the
social welfare sector.
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High SDG Contribution (<10) Medium SDG Contribution (5-10) Low SDG Contribution (>5)
Clear governance structures
and stable leadership enable
state-owned enterprises (SOEs)
to achieve their developmental
potential.
All working individuals should
make adequate provision for
retirement through mandated
savings. The state should
provide measures to make
pensions safe and sustainable.
A corruption-free society, a high
adherence to ethics throughout
society and a government that
is accountable to its people
Social protection systems
must respond to the growth
of temporary and part-time
contracts, and the increasing
importance of self-employment
and establish mechanisms to
cover the risks associated with
such.
Create an effective social
welfare system that delivers
better results for vulnerable
groups, with the state playing
a larger role compared to
now. Civil society should
complement
government initiatives.
Figure 6 best summarises the linkages between the SDGs and the NDP. 74% of SDG targets are addressed by NDP objectives, while the remaining 26% is split into two distinct
categories: 19% of the SDGs not covered by the NDP are addressed in other sectoral programmes while 7% do not apply to South Africa.
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74%SDG targets
addressed by
NDP
26%SDG targets not
addressed in NDP
7%of which SDG targets
are not applicable
19%SDG targets not
addressed in NDP
Figure 4: The proportion of SDG targets directly addressed by the NDP, and the breakdown of targets not addressed by the NDP
In a similar manner to Table 3 above, we reclassify the NDP objectives according to the frequency in which their direct impact on Agenda 2063 is measured to determine the key entry points in the NDP if South Africa were
to reprioritize the development framework to respond to Agenda 2063 priorities. It can be seen that the majority of NDP Objectives fall in the medium contribution category based on this simple classification.
High Agenda 2063 Contribution (<10)
Medium SDG Contribution (5-10)
Low SDG Contribution (>5)
The proportion of people with access to the electricity grid should rise to at least 90 per cent by 2030, with non-grid options available for the rest.
The unemployment rate should fall from 24.9 per cent in June 2012 to 14 per cent by 2020 and to 6 per cent by 2030. This requires an additional 11 million jobs. Total employment should rise from 13 million to 24 million.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) should increase by 2.7 times in real terms, requiring average annual GDP growth of 5.4 per cent over the period.
Table 4: Classification of NDP objectives by level of contribution towards Agenda 2063 Priorities
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High Agenda 2063 Contribution (<10)
Medium SDG Contribution (5-10)
Low SDG Contribution (>5)
Ensure that all people have access to clean, potable water and that there is enough water for agriculture and industry, recognising the trade-offs in the use of water.
The proportion of adults working should increase from 41 per cent to 61 per cent
GDP per capita should increase from about R50 000 per person in 2010 to R110 000 per person in 2030 at constant prices.
The proportion of adults in rural areas working should rise from 29 per cent to 40 per cent.
Reduce water demand in urban areas to 15 per cent below the business-as-usual scenario by 2030.
Improved disaster preparedness for extreme climate events.
The labour force participation rate should rise from 54 per cent to 65 per cent.
Achieve the peak, plateau and decline trajectory for greenhouse gas emissions, with the peak being reached around 2025
Increased investment in new agricultural technologies, research and the development of adaptation strategies for the protection of rural livelihoods and expansion of commercial agriculture.
The proportion of national income earned by the bottom 40 per cent should rise from about 6 per cent today to 10 per cent in 2030.
More people are living closer to their places of work.
An additional 643 000 direct jobs and 326 000 indirect jobs in the agriculture, agro-processing and related sectors by 2030.
Broaden ownership of assets to historically disadvantaged groups.
All children should have at least 2 years of pre-school education.
Exports (as measured in volume terms) should grow by 6 per cent a year to 2030 with non-traditional exports growing by 10 per cent a year.
About 90 per cent of learners in grades 3, 6 and 9 must achieve 50 per cent or more in the annual national assessments in literacy, math and science.
The level of gross fixed capital formation should rise from 17 per cent to 30 per cent
Eradicate infrastructure backlogs and ensure that all schools meet the minimum standards by 2016.
The country would need an additional 29 000MW of electricity by 2030. About 10 900MW of existing capacity is to be retired, implying a new build of more than 40 000MW.
Expand the college system with a focus on improving quality. Better quality will build confidence in the college sector and attract more learners. The recommended participation rate of 25 per cent would accommodate about 1.25 million enrolments.
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Everyone must have access to an equal standard of care, regardless of their income.
At least 20 000MW of this capacity should come from renewable sources.
Increase the per centage of PhD qualified staff in the higher education sector from the current 34 per cent to over 75 per cent by 2030.
In 2030 people living in South Africa feel safe and have no fear of crime. They feel safe at home, at school and at work, and they enjoy an active community life free of fear. Women can walk freely in the street, and the children can play safely outside. The police service is a well-resourced professional institution staffed by highly skilled officers who value their works, serve the community, safeguard lives and property without discrimination, protect the peaceful against violence, and respect the rights of all to equality and justice.
Intra-regional trade in Southern Africa should increase from 7 per cent of trade to 25 per cent of trade by 2030.
Produce more than 100 doctoral graduates per million per year by 2030. That implies an increase from 1420 in 2010 to well over 5 000 a year.
A corruption-free society, a high adherence to ethics throughout society and a government that is accountable to its people
South Africa’s trade with regional neighbours should increase from 15 per cent of our trade to 30 per cent.
Increase the average male and female life expectancy at birth to 70 years. Progressively improve TB prevention and cure.
Our vision is a society where opportunity is not determined by race or birthright; where citizens accept that they have both rights and responsibilities. Most critically, we seek a united, prosperous, non-racial, non-sexist and democratic South Africa.
The proportion of people who use public transport for regular commutes will expand significantly. By 2030, public transport will be user-friendly, less environmentally damaging, cheaper and integrated or seamless
Deploy primary healthcare teams to provide care to families and communities.
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High Agenda 2063 Contribution (<10)
Medium SDG Contribution (5-10)
Low SDG Contribution (>5)
Our vision is a society where opportunity is not determined by race or birthright; where citizens accept that they have both rights and responsibilities. Most critically, we seek a united, prosperous, non-racial, non-sexist and democratic South Africa.
Durban port capacity should increase from 3 million containers a year to 20 million by 2040.
All working individuals should make adequate provision for retirement through mandated savings. The state should provide measures to make pensions safe and sustainable.
Competitively priced and widely available broadband.
Relations between national, provincial and local government are improved through a more proactive approach to managing the intergovernmental system.
A set of indicators for natural resources, accompanied by the publication of annual reports on the health of identified resources to inform policy.
A target for the amount of land and oceans under protection (presently about 7.9 million hectares of land, 848kms of coastline and 4 172 square kilometres of the ocean are protected).
By 2030, an economy-wide carbon price should be entrenched.
Zero-emission building standards by 2030.
Absolute reductions in the total volume of waste disposed to landfill each year.
At least 20 000MW of renewable energy should be contracted by 2030.
Maintain a positive trade balance for primary and processed agricultural products.
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High Agenda 2063 Contribution (<10)
Medium SDG Contribution (5-10)
Low SDG Contribution (>5)
Our vision is a society where opportunity is not determined by race or birthright; where citizens accept that they have both rights and responsibilities. Most critically, we seek a united, prosperous, non-racial, non-sexist and democratic South Africa.
Intra-regional trade in Southern Africa should increase from 7 per cent of trade to 25 per cent of trade by 2030.
South Africa’s trade with regional neighbours should increase from 15 per cent of our trade to 30 per cent.
Strong and efficient spatial planning system, well integrated across the spheres of government.
Better quality of public transport.
More jobs in or close to dense, urban townships.
Make early childhood development a top priority among the measures to improve the quality of education and long-term prospects of future generations.
Dedicated resources should be channelled towards ensuring that all children are well cared for from an early age and receive appropriate emotional, cognitive and physical development stimulation.
Between 80 – 90 per cent of learners should complete 12 years of schooling and or vocational education with at least 80 per cent successfully passing the exit exams
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Medium SDG Contribution (5-10)
Low SDG Contribution (>5)
Our vision is a society where opportunity is not determined by race or birthright; where citizens accept that they have both rights and responsibilities. Most critically, we seek a united, prosperous, non-racial, non-sexist and democratic South Africa.
Provide 1 million learning opportunities through Community Education and Training Centres
Improve the throughput rate to 80 per cent by 2030.
Produce 30 000 artisans per year.
Increase enrolment at universities by at least 70 per cent by 2030 so that enrolments increase to about 1.62 million from 950 000 in 2010.
Increase the number of students eligible to study towards math and science-based degrees to 450 000 by 2030.
Expand science, technology and innovation outputs by increasing research and development spending by the government and through encouraging industry to do so.
Reduce maternal, infant and child mortality.
Significantly reduce the prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases.
Reduce injury, accidents and violence by 50 per cent from 2010 levels.
Deploy primary healthcare teams provide care to families and communities.
Fill posts with skilled, committed and competent individuals.
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Medium SDG Contribution (5-10) Low SDG Contribution (>5)
Our vision is a society where opportunity is not determined by race or birthright; where citizens accept that they have both rights and responsibilities. Most critically, we seek a united, prosperous, non-racial, non-sexist and democratic South Africa.
Ensure progressively and through multiple avenues that no one lives below a defined minimum social floor.
All children should enjoy services and benefits aimed at facilitating access to nutrition, health care, education, social care and safety.
Address problems such as hunger, malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies that affect physical growth and cognitive development, especially among children.
Address the skills deficit in the social welfare sector.
Provide income support to the unemployed through various active labour market initiatives such as public works programmes, training and skills development, and other labour market-related incentives.
Social protection systems must respond to the growth of temporary and part-time contracts, and the increasing importance of self-employment and establish mechanisms to cover the risks associated with such.
Create an effective social welfare system that delivers better results for vulnerable groups, with the state playing a larger role compared to now. Civil society should complement government initiatives.
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Objectives
The key objectives of this NDP chapter are as follows:
• To grow the economy in an inclusive manner and reduce unemployment.
• To reduce the unemployment rate from 24.9% in June 2012 to 14% by 2020 and to 6% by 2030 which requires the creation of 11 million additional jobs; to increase total employment from 13 million to 24 million.
• To increase the proportion of adults working from 41% to 61%; to increase the proportion of adults in rural areas working from 29% to 40%.
• To increase the labour force participation rate from 54% to 65%.
• To increase Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by 2.7 times in real terms, requiring average annual GDP growth of 5.4% over the period; to increase GDP per capita from about R50 000 per person in 2010 to R110 000 per person in 2030 in constant prices.
• To increase the proportion of national income earned by the bottom 40% from about 6% in 2011 to 10% in 2030.
• To achieve a broadening of ownership of assets to historically disadvantaged groups.
• To grow export volumes by 6% a year to 2030 with non-traditional exports growing by 10% a year.
• To increase national savings from 16% of GDP to 25%.
• To increase the level of gross fixed capital formation from 17% to 30%, with public-sector fixed investment rising to 10% of GDP by 2030.
• To enable public employment programmes to reach 1 million by 2015 and 2 million people by 2030.
Actions
The actions that are outlined to achieve these objectives include the following:17
• Reduce the cost of living for poor households and the costs of doing business through microeconomic reforms.
• Develop proposals for an acceptable minimum standard of living and proposals on how to achieve this over time.
• Remove the most pressing constraints on growth, investment and job creation, including energy generation and distribution, urban planning etc.
• Position South Africa to attract offshore business services, and build on the advantage provided by its telecommunica-tions, banking and retail firms operating in other countries.
• Increase the benefit to the country of our mineral resources by giving clear certainty over property rights (the right to mine); Increasing rail, water and energy infrastructure; Structuring a taxation regime that is fair, equitable and predictable and that recognises the non-renewable nature of mineral resources.
• Broaden the expanded public works programme to cover 2 million full-time equivalent jobs by 2020.
• Offer a tax incentive to employers to reduce the initial cost of hiring young labour market entrants. Facilitate agreement between employers and unions on entry-level wages.
• Give a subsidy to the placement sector to identify, prepare and place matric graduates into jobs.
• Business and labour to develop their own proposals to reduce youth unemployment.
• Adopt a more open immigration approach to expand the supply of high-level skills.
NDP CHAPTER 3: ECONOMY AND EMPLOYMENT
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• Adopt an approach to handling probationary periods that reflects the intention of probation.
• Simplify dismissal procedures for non-performance or misconduct, especially for smaller firms.
• Strengthen dispute resolutions mechanisms in the labour market with a view to reducing tension and violence.
This chapter exhibits a very high level of convergence across many SDG targets and Agenda 2063 priorities. The NDP chapters covering Economy and Employment, and Social Protection have a huge potential impact on almost all the targets in Goal 1 apart from target 1.a which is about ensuring significant mobilisation of resources through, for instance, development cooperation – South Africa does not require any significant resources from Official Development Assistance – which is estimated to be around 0.4% of GDP. Other
NDP objectives with direct links to Goal 1 targets include Inclusive Rural economy, Economic Infrastructure, Environmental Sustainability and Building a Capable and Developmental State. Indirect effects on poverty are quite prevalent in the NDP objectives.
Unlike most typical Rapid Integrated Assessments which track how SDG targets are prioritised in national plans and strategies, this analysis digresses slightly and focuses on establishing how NDP objectives contribute towards the attainment of SDG targets. The Economy and Employment chapter of the NDP and its objectives aligns with Outcome 4 of the MTSF, which articulates strategies towards improving decent employment through inclusive growth. It also aligns with 16 SDG targets and AU Agenda 2063 Aspiration 1, which advocates for “A prosperous Africa based on inclusive growth and sustainable development”.
The objective of increasing the incomes of the bottom 40% of the population will affect the highest number of SDG targets if implemented. This is followed by the objective of reducing the employment rate to 14% by 2020, and to 6% by 2030. Increases in rural working adults, as well as the overall working adult population,
have significant linkages to many SDG targets. In Agenda 2063, the NDP objective which contributes the most, is the broadening of asset ownership and reducing unemployment. It is also important to note that all NDO objectives in this chapter address various elements in Agenda 2063 in varying magnitudes.
Figure 5: Number of SDG targets and Agenda 2063 priorities addressed by the NDP objectives
AU 2063 SDGs
ND
P O
bje
ctiv
e
0 2
Number of SDG and AU 2063 targets addressed
4 6 8 10 12 14
Reduce unemployment
Increase proportion of working adults
Increase rural working adults
Increase labour force participation
Increase real GDP
Increase income of bottom 40%
Increase income of bottom 40%
Broaders Ownership of assets
Increase volume of exports
Increase GFCF
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Ag
end
a 20
63
Asp
irati
ons
ECO
NO
MY
AN
DEM
PLO
YMEN
T O
BJE
CTI
VES
Out
com
e 4
: Dec
ent
emp
loym
ent t
hro
ugh
in
clus
ive
gro
wth
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
p
riorit
ies
• Th
e u
nem
plo
ymen
t ra
te
shou
ld fa
ll fr
om 2
4.9
% in
Ju
ne
2012
to 14
% b
y 20
20
and
to 6
% b
y 20
30. T
his
re
qu
ires
an
ad
dit
ion
al
11 m
illio
n jo
bs.
Tot
al
emp
loym
ent
shou
ld
rise
fro
m 13
mill
ion
to 2
4
mill
ion
.•
The
pro
por
tion
of a
du
lts
wor
kin
g s
hou
ld in
crea
se
from
41%
to 6
1%.
• Th
e p
rop
orti
on o
f ad
ult
s in
ru
ral a
reas
wor
kin
g
shou
ld r
ise
from
29%
to
40
%.
• Th
e la
bou
r fo
rce
par
tici
pat
ion
rat
e sh
ould
ri
se f
rom
54%
to 6
5%.
• P
rod
uct
ive
inve
stm
ent
is e
ffec
tive
ly c
row
ded
in
th
rou
gh
th
e in
fras
tru
ctu
re b
uild
p
rog
ram
me.
• Th
e p
rod
uct
ive
sect
ors
acco
un
t fo
r a
gro
win
g
shar
e of
pro
du
ctio
n a
nd
em
plo
ymen
t.•
Elim
inat
ion
of
un
nec
essa
ry re
gu
lato
ry
and
low
er p
rice
in
crea
ses
for
key
inp
ut
fost
ers
inve
stm
ent
and
ec
onom
ic g
row
th.
• W
orke
rs e
du
cati
on a
nd
sk
ills
incr
easi
ng
ly m
eet
econ
omic
nee
ds.
• Sp
atia
l im
bal
ance
s in
ec
onom
ic o
pp
ortu
nit
ies
are
add
ress
ed t
hro
ug
h
exp
and
ed e
mp
loym
ent
in a
gri
cult
ure
, th
e b
uild
pro
gra
mm
e an
d
den
sifi
cati
on in
th
e m
etro
s.
1.1
By
2030
, era
dic
ate
extr
eme
pov
erty
for
all
peo
ple
eve
ryw
her
e, c
urr
entl
y m
easu
red
as
peo
ple
livi
ng
on
less
th
an $
1.25
a d
ay.
1.2
By
2030
, red
uce
at
leas
t b
y h
alf t
he
pro
por
tion
of
men
, wom
en a
nd
ch
ildre
n o
f all
ages
livi
ng
in
pov
erty
in a
ll it
s d
imen
sion
s ac
cord
ing
to
nat
ion
al d
efin
itio
ns.
1.3
Imp
lem
ent
nat
ion
ally
ap
pro
pri
ate
soci
al
pro
tect
ion
sys
tem
s an
d m
easu
res
for
all,
incl
ud
ing
floo
rs, a
nd
by
2030
ach
ieve
su
bst
anti
al c
over
age
of t
he
poo
r an
d t
he
vuln
erab
le.
1.4
By
2030
, en
sure
th
at a
ll m
en a
nd
wom
en, i
n
par
ticu
lar
the
poo
r an
d t
he
vuln
erab
le, h
ave
equ
al r
igh
ts to
eco
nom
ic re
sou
rces
, as
wel
l as
acc
ess
to b
asic
ser
vice
s, o
wn
ersh
ip a
nd
co
ntr
ol o
ver
lan
d a
nd
oth
er fo
rms
of p
rop
erty
, in
her
itan
ce, n
atu
ral r
esou
rces
, ap
pro
pri
ate
new
te
chn
olog
y an
d fi
nan
cial
ser
vice
s, in
clu
din
g
mic
rofi
nan
ce.
1.5
By
2030
, bu
ild t
he
resi
lien
ce o
f th
e p
oor
and
th
ose
in v
uln
erab
le s
itu
atio
ns
and
red
uce
th
eir
exp
osu
re a
nd
vu
lner
abili
ty to
clim
ate-
rela
ted
ex
trem
e ev
ents
an
d o
ther
eco
nom
ic, s
ocia
l an
d e
nvi
ron
men
tal s
hoc
ks a
nd
dis
aste
rs.
1.1.1
Inco
mes
, Job
s an
d d
ecen
t w
ork
1.1.2
P
over
ty,
Ineq
ual
ity
and
H
un
ger
1.4.1
Sust
ain
able
an
d in
clu
sive
ec
onom
ic g
row
th1.4
.3
Eco
nom
ic
div
ersi
fica
tion
an
d re
silie
nce
3.11
.1 D
emoc
racy
an
d
Goo
d G
over
nan
ce3.
11.2
H
um
an R
igh
ts,
Just
ice
and
Th
e R
ule
of L
aw
3.12
.1 In
stit
uti
ons
and
Le
ader
ship
3.12
.2 P
arti
cip
ator
y D
evel
opm
ent
and
Loc
al
Gov
ern
ance
58
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63 A
spira
tion
s
ECO
NO
MY
AN
DEM
PLO
YMEN
T O
BJE
CTI
VES
Out
com
e 4
: Dec
ent
emp
loym
ent t
hro
ugh
in
clus
ive
gro
wth
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
p
riorit
ies
• G
ross
Dom
esti
c P
rod
uct
(G
DP
) sh
ould
incr
ease
by
2.7
tim
es in
real
term
s, re
qu
irin
g
aver
age
ann
ual
GD
P g
row
th
of 5
.4%
ove
r th
e p
erio
d. G
DP
p
er c
apit
a sh
ould
incr
ease
fr
om a
bou
t R
50 0
00
per
p
erso
n in
20
10 to
R11
0
00
0 p
er p
erso
n in
20
30 a
t co
nst
ant
pri
ces.
• Th
e p
rop
orti
on o
f nat
ion
al
inco
me
earn
ed b
y th
e b
otto
m 4
0%
sh
ould
ris
e fr
om
abou
t 6%
tod
ay to
10%
in
2030
.•
Bro
aden
ow
ner
ship
of a
sset
s to
his
tori
cally
dis
adva
nta
ged
g
rou
ps.
Exp
orts
(as
mea
sure
d in
vol
um
e te
rms)
sh
ould
gro
w b
y 6%
a y
ear
to
2030
wit
h n
on- t
rad
itio
nal
ex
por
ts g
row
ing
by
10%
a
year
. In
crea
se n
atio
nal
sa
vin
gs
from
16%
of G
DP
to
25%
. Th
e le
vel o
f gro
ss fi
xed
ca
pit
al fo
rmat
ion
sh
ould
ris
e fr
om 17
% to
30
%.
• Su
pp
ort
emp
loym
ent-
crea
tin
g g
row
th.
• R
edu
ced
wor
kpla
ce
con
flict
an
d im
pro
ved
co
llab
orat
ion
b
etw
een
gov
ern
men
t, or
gan
ised
bu
sin
ess
and
org
anis
ed la
bou
r.•
Eco
nom
ic
opp
ortu
nit
ies
for
his
tori
cally
exc
lud
ed
and
vu
lner
able
gro
up
s ar
e ex
pan
ded
, an
d t
he
nu
mb
er o
f su
stai
nab
le
smal
l bu
sin
ess
and
co
oper
ativ
es is
im
pro
ved
mar
ked
ly.
1.b
Cre
ate
sou
nd
pol
icy
fram
ewor
ks a
t th
e n
atio
nal
, re
gio
nal
an
d in
tern
atio
nal
leve
ls, b
ased
on
pro
-p
oor
and
gen
der
-sen
siti
ve d
evel
opm
ent
stra
teg
ies,
to
su
pp
ort
acce
lera
ted
inve
stm
ent
in p
over
ty
erad
icat
ion
act
ion
s.2.
1 B
y 20
30, e
nd
hu
ng
er a
nd
en
sure
acc
ess
by
all
peo
ple
, in
par
ticu
lar
the
poo
r an
d p
eop
le in
vu
lner
able
sit
uat
ion
s, in
clu
din
g in
fan
ts, t
o sa
fe,
nu
trit
iou
s an
d s
uffi
cien
t fo
od a
ll ye
ar ro
un
d.
2.2
By
2030
, en
d a
ll fo
rms
of m
aln
utr
itio
n, i
ncl
ud
ing
ac
hie
vin
g, b
y 20
25, t
he
inte
rnat
ion
ally
ag
reed
ta
rget
s on
stu
nti
ng
an
d w
asti
ng
in c
hild
ren
un
der
5
year
s of
ag
e, a
nd
ad
dre
ss t
he
nu
trit
ion
al n
eed
s of
ad
oles
cen
t g
irls
, pre
gn
ant
and
lact
atin
g w
omen
an
d o
lder
per
son
s.2.
3 B
y 20
30, d
oub
le t
he
agri
cult
ura
l pro
du
ctiv
ity
and
inco
mes
of s
mal
l-sca
le fo
od p
rod
uce
rs, i
n
par
ticu
lar
wom
en, i
nd
igen
ous
peo
ple
s, fa
mily
fa
rmer
s, p
asto
ralis
ts a
nd
fish
ers,
incl
ud
ing
th
rou
gh
se
cure
an
d e
qu
al a
cces
s to
lan
d, o
ther
pro
du
ctiv
e re
sou
rces
an
d in
pu
ts, k
now
led
ge,
fin
anci
al s
ervi
ces,
m
arke
ts a
nd
op
por
tun
itie
s fo
r va
lue
add
itio
n a
nd
n
on-f
arm
em
plo
ymen
t.2.
a In
crea
se in
vest
men
t, in
clu
din
g t
hro
ug
h e
nh
ance
d
inte
rnat
ion
al c
oop
erat
ion
, in
ru
ral i
nfr
astr
uct
ure
, ag
ricu
ltu
ral r
esea
rch
an
d e
xten
sion
ser
vice
s,
tech
nol
ogy
dev
elop
men
t an
d p
lan
t an
d li
vest
ock
gen
e b
anks
in o
rder
to e
nh
ance
ag
ricu
ltu
ral
pro
du
ctiv
e ca
pac
ity
in d
evel
opin
g c
oun
trie
s, in
p
arti
cula
r le
ast
dev
elop
ed c
oun
trie
s.
4.13
.1 M
ain
ten
ance
an
d
Pre
serv
atio
n
of P
eace
an
d
Secu
rity
6.17
.2 V
iole
nce
&
Dis
crim
inat
ion
ag
ain
st
Wom
en a
nd
G
irls
7.19
.1 A
fric
a’s
pla
ce
in g
lob
al
affa
irs.
7.19
.2
Par
tner
ship
7.20
.1 A
fric
an C
apit
al
mar
ket
7.20
.2 F
isca
l sys
tem
an
d P
ub
lic
Sect
or
Rev
enu
es7.
20.3
Dev
elop
men
t A
ssis
tan
ce
59
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63 A
spira
tion
s
ECO
NO
MY
AN
DEM
PLO
YMEN
T O
BJE
CTI
VES
Out
com
e 4
: Dec
ent
emp
loym
ent t
hro
ugh
in
clus
ive
gro
wth
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
p
riorit
ies
5.a
Un
der
take
refo
rms
to g
ive
wom
en e
qu
al r
igh
ts to
ec
onom
ic re
sou
rces
, as
wel
l as
acce
ss to
ow
ner
ship
an
d c
ontr
ol o
ver
lan
d a
nd
oth
er fo
rms
of p
rop
erty
, fi
nan
cial
ser
vice
s, in
her
itan
ce a
nd
nat
ura
l res
ourc
es,
in a
ccor
dan
ce w
ith
nat
ion
al la
ws.
8.2
Ach
ieve
hig
her
leve
ls o
f eco
nom
ic p
rod
uct
ivit
y th
rou
gh
div
ersi
fica
tion
, tec
hn
olog
ical
up
gra
din
g
and
inn
ovat
ion
, in
clu
din
g t
hro
ug
h a
focu
s on
hig
h-
valu
e ad
ded
an
d la
bou
r-in
ten
sive
sec
tors
.8.
3 P
rom
ote
dev
elop
men
t-or
ien
ted
pol
icie
s th
at
sup
por
t p
rod
uct
ive
acti
viti
es, d
ecen
t jo
b c
reat
ion
, en
trep
ren
eurs
hip
, cre
ativ
ity
and
inn
ovat
ion
, an
d
enco
ura
ge
the
form
alis
atio
n a
nd
gro
wth
of m
icro
-, sm
all-
and
med
ium
-siz
ed e
nte
rpri
ses,
incl
ud
ing
th
rou
gh
acc
ess
to fi
nan
cial
ser
vice
s.8.
5 B
y 20
30, a
chie
ve fu
ll an
d p
rod
uct
ive
emp
loym
ent
and
dec
ent
wor
k fo
r al
l wom
en a
nd
men
, in
clu
din
g
for
you
ng
peo
ple
an
d p
erso
ns
wit
h d
isab
iliti
es, a
nd
eq
ual
pay
for
wor
k of
eq
ual
val
ue.
8.6
By
2020
, su
bst
anti
ally
red
uce
th
e p
rop
orti
on o
f yo
uth
not
in e
mp
loym
ent,
edu
cati
on o
r tr
ain
ing
.10
.1 B
y 20
30, p
rog
ress
ivel
y ac
hie
ve a
nd
su
stai
n in
com
e g
row
th o
f th
e b
otto
m 4
0%
of t
he
pop
ula
tion
at
a ra
te h
igh
er t
han
th
e n
atio
nal
ave
rag
e.
60
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
Objectives
The objectives of this chapter are as follows:
• To ensure that all people have access to clean, potable water and that there is enough water for agriculture and industry, recognising the trade-offs in the use of water.
• To increase the proportion of people with access to the electricity grid to at least 90% by 2030, with non-grid options available for the rest.
• To provide the country with an additional 29 000MW of electricity by 2030; about 10 900MW of existing capacity is to be retired, implying new build of more than 40 000MW, at least 20 000MW of this capacity should come from renewable sources.
• To reduce water demand in urban areas to 15% below the business-as-usual scenario by 2030.
• To ensure that public transport will be user-friendly, less environmentally damaging, cheaper and integrated or seamless by 2030.
• To increase Durban port capacity from 3 million containers a year to 20 million by 2040.
• To enable a competitively priced and widely available broadband accessible to all.
Actions
To achieve these objectives, the following actions are to be implemented:
• Domestic security of coal supply for existing power stations should be ensured, and there should be investment in new heavy-haul rail corridor to the Waterberg coalfield.
• Incorporate a greater share of gas in the energy mix, both through importing liquefied natural gas and if reserves prove
commercial, using shale gas.
• Develop infrastructure for the import of liquefied natural gas, mainly for power production, over the short to medium term.
• There should be a move to less carbon-in-tensive electricity production through procuring at least 20 000MW of renewable energy, increased hydro imports from the region and increased demand-side measures, including solar water heating.
• Move Eskom’s system operator, planning, power procurement, power purchasing and power contracting functions to the independent system and market operator and accelerated procurement of independent power producers.
• Ring-fence the electricity distribution businesses of the 12 largest municipalities, resolve maintenance and refurbishment backlogs and develop a financing plan, alongside investment in human capital.
• Revise the national electrification plan and ensure 90% grid access by 2030.
• Upgrade fuel refineries to ensure they meet new fuel quality standards and insist on larger strategic fuel stocks to ensure the security of supply. Continue to import refined fuels, ensuring that the growing deficit in petroleum products is met, and defer decision on a new refinery to 2017.
• Complete phase 2 of the Lesotho Highlands water project by 2020 and timely development of several new water schemes to supply urban and industrial centres, new irrigation systems in the Umzimvubu river basin and Makhathini Flats, and a national water conservation programme to improve water use and efficiency.
• Create regional water and wastewater utilities, and expand mandates of the existing water boards.
NDP CHAPTER 4 - ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE
61
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
• Consolidate and selectively expand transport and logistics infrastructure, with key focus areas being: upgrading the Durban-Gauteng freight corridor, including a new port at the old Durban airport site; building the N2 road through the Eastern Cape; and strengthening public transport infrastructure and systems, including the renewal of the commuter rail fleet, supported by enhanced links with road-based services.
• Establish a national, regional and municipal fibre-optic network to provide the backbone for broadband access; driven by private investment, complemented by public funds required to meet social objectives, and change the regulatory framework to ensure that Internet broadband capacity improves, prices fall significantly and access improves.
This chapter has significant convergence with some targets in SDG 1, 6, 7, 9 and 11. As shown in the table below. It also aligns with Outcome 6 of the MTSF as well as AU Agenda 2063 Aspiration 1. The figure below presents the frequency of the number of SDG targets and Agenda 2063 priorities addressed by each NDP objective under this sub-programme. Access to clean water has a high convergence with many SDG targets and Agenda 2063 priorities. The same goes for increased access to ICT in the form of good and cheap broadband, increased trade in the region and access to electricity. Many economic infrastructure programmes are critical enablers for the other more “socially direct” interventions to take place. They may thus not be directly addressing SDG targets and Agenda 2063 priorities to the same degree as the redistributive objectives.
Figure 6: Economic Infrastructure objectives addressing SDG targets and Agenda 2063 priorities
ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE
ND
P O
bje
ctiv
e
Number of SDGs and AU 2063 targets addressed
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Increase access to electricity
Durban port improvement
Good and cheap broadband
Public Transport improvement
Increase trade with regional neighbours
Increase intra-regional trade
Reduce urban water demand
Access to clean water
Increase renewable sources
Increase electricity generating capacity
AU 2063 SDGs
62
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63
Asp
irati
ons
ECO
NO
MY
AN
DEM
PLO
YMEN
T O
BJE
CTI
VES
Out
com
e 6:
An
effi
cien
t, co
mp
etit
ive
and
resp
onsi
ve, e
con
omic
in
fras
truc
ture
net
wor
k
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
p
riorit
ies
• Th
e p
rop
orti
on o
f peo
ple
w
ith
acc
ess
to t
he
elec
tric
ity
gri
d s
hou
ld r
ise
to a
t le
ast
90%
by
2030
, w
ith
non
-gri
d o
pti
ons
avai
lab
le fo
r th
e re
st.
• Th
e co
un
try
wou
ld n
eed
an
ad
dit
ion
al 2
9 0
00
MW
of
elec
tric
ity
by
2030
. Ab
out
10
900
MW
of e
xist
ing
cap
acit
y is
to b
e re
tire
d, i
mp
lyin
g a
n
ew b
uild
of m
ore
than
40
0
00
MW
.•
At
leas
t 20
00
0M
W o
f th
is
cap
acit
y sh
ould
com
e fr
om
ren
ewab
le s
ourc
es.
• E
nsu
re t
hat
all
peo
ple
h
ave
acce
ss to
cle
an,
pot
able
wat
er a
nd
th
at
ther
e is
en
oug
h w
ater
for
agri
cult
ure
an
d in
du
stry
, re
cog
nis
ing
th
e tr
ade-
offs
in
th
e u
se o
f wat
er.
• R
egu
lati
on, f
un
din
g a
nd
in
vest
men
t ap
pro
ved
.•
Rel
iab
le g
ener
atio
n,
tran
smis
sion
an
d
dis
trib
uti
on o
f en
erg
y en
sure
d.
• M
ain
ten
ance
, str
ateg
ic
exp
ansi
on, o
per
atio
nal
ef
fici
ency
, cap
acit
y an
d
com
pet
itiv
enes
s of
ou
r lo
gis
tics
an
d t
ran
spor
t in
fras
tru
ctu
re e
nsu
red
.•
Mai
nte
nan
ce a
nd
su
pp
ly
avai
lab
ility
of o
ur
bu
lk
wat
er re
sou
rces
en
sure
d.
• E
xpan
sion
, m
oder
nis
atio
n, a
cces
s an
d a
ffor
dab
ility
of
our
info
rmat
ion
an
d
com
mu
nic
atio
n
infr
astr
uct
ure
en
sure
d.
1.4
By
2030
, en
sure
th
at a
ll m
en a
nd
wom
en, i
n
par
ticu
lar
the
poo
r an
d t
he
vuln
erab
le, h
ave
equ
al r
igh
ts to
eco
nom
ic re
sou
rces
, as
wel
l as
acc
ess
to b
asic
ser
vice
s, o
wn
ersh
ip a
nd
co
ntr
ol o
ver
lan
d a
nd
oth
er fo
rms
of p
rop
erty
, in
her
itan
ce, n
atu
ral r
esou
rces
, ap
pro
pri
ate
new
te
chn
olog
y an
d fi
nan
cial
ser
vice
s, in
clu
din
g
mic
rofi
nan
ce.
5.b
E
nh
ance
th
e u
se o
f en
ablin
g te
chn
olog
y, in
p
arti
cula
r in
form
atio
n a
nd
com
mu
nic
atio
ns
tech
nol
ogy,
to p
rom
ote
the
emp
ower
men
t of
w
omen
.6.
1
By
2030
, ach
ieve
un
iver
sal a
nd
eq
uit
able
ac
cess
to s
afe
and
aff
ord
able
dri
nki
ng
wat
er
fora
ll.6.
4
By
2030
, su
bst
anti
ally
incr
ease
wat
er-u
se
effi
cien
cy a
cros
s al
l sec
tors
an
d e
nsu
re
sust
ain
able
wit
hd
raw
als
and
su
pp
ly o
f fr
esh
wat
er to
ad
dre
ss w
ater
sca
rcit
y an
d
sub
stan
tial
ly re
du
ce t
he
nu
mb
er o
f peo
ple
su
ffer
ing
fro
m w
ater
sca
rcit
y.6.
5 B
y 20
30, i
mp
lem
ent
inte
gra
ted
wat
er
reso
urc
es m
anag
emen
t at
all
leve
ls, i
ncl
ud
ing
th
rou
gh
tra
nsb
oun
dar
y co
oper
atio
n a
s ap
pro
pri
ate.
.1.2
Pov
erty
, In
equ
alit
y an
d H
un
ger
1.1.4
M
oder
n a
nd
Li
veab
le H
abit
ats
and
Bas
ic Q
ual
ity
Serv
ices
1.4.1
Sust
ain
able
an
d in
clu
sive
ec
onom
ic g
row
th1.5
.1 A
gri
cult
ura
l P
rod
uct
ivit
y an
d
Pro
du
ctio
n1.6
.1 M
arin
e re
sou
rces
an
d E
ner
gy
1.6.2
P
orts
Op
erat
ion
s an
d M
arin
e Tr
ansp
ort
1.7.2
Su
stai
nab
le
con
sum
pti
on
and
pro
du
ctio
n
pat
tern
s1.7
.3
Wat
er s
ecu
rity
63
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63
Asp
irati
ons
ECO
NO
MY
AN
DEM
PLO
YMEN
T O
BJE
CTI
VES
Out
com
e 6:
An
effi
cien
t, co
mp
etit
ive
and
resp
onsi
ve, e
con
omic
in
fras
truc
ture
net
wor
k
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
p
riorit
ies
• R
edu
ce w
ater
dem
and
in
urb
an a
reas
to 15
% b
elow
th
e b
usi
nes
s-as
-usu
al
scen
ario
by
2030
.•
The
pro
por
tion
of p
eop
le
wh
o u
se p
ub
lic t
ran
spor
t fo
r re
gu
lar
com
mu
tes
will
exp
and
sig
nifi
can
tly.
B
y 20
30, p
ub
lic t
ran
spor
t w
ill b
e u
ser-
frie
nd
ly, l
ess
envi
ron
men
tally
dam
agin
g,
chea
per
an
d in
teg
rate
d o
r se
amle
ss.
• D
urb
an p
ort
cap
acit
y sh
ould
incr
ease
fro
m 3
m
illio
n c
onta
iner
s a
year
to
20 m
illio
n b
y 20
40.
• C
omp
etit
ivel
y p
rice
d a
nd
w
idel
y av
aila
ble
bro
adb
and
.
7.1
By
2030
, en
sure
un
iver
sal a
cces
s to
aff
ord
able
, re
liab
le a
nd
mod
ern
en
erg
y se
rvic
es.
7.2
By
2030
, in
crea
se s
ub
stan
tial
ly t
he
shar
e of
re
new
able
en
erg
y in
th
e g
lob
al e
ner
gy
mix
.7.
b
By
2030
, exp
and
infr
astr
uct
ure
an
d
up
gra
de
tech
nol
ogy
for
sup
ply
ing
mod
ern
an
d s
ust
ain
able
en
erg
y se
rvic
es fo
r al
l in
d
evel
opin
g c
oun
trie
s, in
par
ticu
lar,
leas
t d
evel
oped
cou
ntr
ies,
sm
all i
slan
d d
evel
opin
g
stat
es a
nd
lan
dlo
cked
dev
elop
ing
cou
ntr
ies,
in
acco
rdan
ce w
ith
th
eir
resp
ecti
ve p
rog
ram
mes
of
su
pp
ort.
9.1
D
evel
op q
ual
ity,
relia
ble
, su
stai
nab
le a
nd
re
silie
nt
infr
astr
uct
ure
, in
clu
din
g re
gio
nal
an
d t
ran
s-b
ord
er in
fras
tru
ctu
re, t
o su
pp
ort
econ
omic
dev
elop
men
t an
d h
um
an w
ell-
bei
ng
, wit
h a
focu
s on
aff
ord
able
an
d e
qu
itab
le
acce
ss fo
r al
l.9.
4
By
2030
, up
gra
de
infr
astr
uct
ure
an
d re
trofi
t in
du
stri
es to
mak
e th
em s
ust
ain
able
, wit
h
incr
ease
d re
sou
rce-
use
effi
cien
cy a
nd
gre
ater
ad
opti
on o
f cle
an a
nd
en
viro
nm
enta
lly s
oun
d
tech
nol
ogie
s an
d in
du
stri
al p
roce
sses
, wit
h
all c
oun
trie
s ta
kin
g a
ctio
n in
acc
ord
ance
wit
h
thei
r re
spec
tive
cap
abili
ties
.
2.10
.1 C
omm
un
icat
ion
s an
d In
fras
tru
ctu
re
Con
nec
tivi
ty3.
11.1
Dem
ocra
cy a
nd
G
ood
Gov
ern
ance
3.11
.2
Hu
man
Rig
hts
, Ju
stic
e an
d T
he
Ru
le o
f Law
3.12
.1 In
stit
uti
ons
and
Le
ader
ship
4.13
.1 M
ain
ten
ance
an
d P
rese
rvat
ion
of
Pea
ce a
nd
Se
curi
ty7.
19.1
Afr
ica’
s p
lace
in
glo
bal
aff
airs
.7.
19.2
P
artn
ersh
ip7.
20.1
Afr
ican
Cap
ital
m
arke
t7.
20.2
Fis
cal s
yste
m a
nd
P
ub
lic S
ecto
r R
even
ues
7.20
.3 D
evel
opm
ent
Ass
ista
nce
64
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63 A
spira
tion
s
ECO
NO
MY
AN
DEM
PLO
YMEN
T O
BJE
CTI
VES
Out
com
e 6:
An
effi
cien
t, co
mp
etit
ive
and
resp
onsi
ve, e
con
omic
in
fras
truc
ture
net
wor
k
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
p
riorit
ies
9.b
Su
pp
ort
dom
esti
c te
chn
olog
y d
evel
opm
ent,
rese
arch
an
d in
nov
atio
n in
dev
elop
ing
co
un
trie
s, in
clu
din
g b
y en
suri
ng
a c
ond
uci
ve
pol
icy
envi
ron
men
t fo
r, in
ter
alia
, in
du
stri
al
div
ersi
fica
tion
an
d v
alu
e ad
dit
ion
to
com
mod
itie
s.9.
c Si
gn
ifica
ntl
y in
crea
se a
cces
s to
info
rmat
ion
an
d
com
mu
nic
atio
ns
tech
nol
ogy
and
str
ive
to p
rovi
de
un
iver
sal a
nd
aff
ord
able
acc
ess
to t
he
inte
rnet
in
leas
t d
evel
oped
cou
ntr
ies
by
2020
.11
.2 B
y 20
30, p
rovi
de
acce
ss to
saf
e, a
ffor
dab
le,
acce
ssib
le a
nd
su
stai
nab
le t
ran
spor
t sy
stem
s fo
r al
l, im
pro
vin
g ro
ad s
afet
y, n
otab
ly b
y ex
pan
din
g
pu
blic
tra
nsp
ort,
wit
h s
pec
ial a
tten
tion
to t
he
nee
ds
of t
hos
e in
vu
lner
able
sit
uat
ion
s, w
omen
, ch
ildre
n, p
erso
ns
wit
h d
isab
iliti
es a
nd
old
er
per
son
s.
65
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
Objectives
The objectives of this chapter are as follows:
• To develop a set of indicators for natural resources, accompanied by the publication of annual reports on the health of identified resources to inform policy.
• To set a target for the amount of land and oceans under protection; to achieve the peak, plateau and decline trajectory for greenhouse gas emissions, with the peak being reached around 2025.
• To entrench by 2030, an economy-wide carbon price and achieve zero-emission building standards.
• To achieve absolute reductions in the total volume of waste disposed to landfill each year.
• To contract at least 20 000MW of renewable energy by 2030.
• To improve disaster preparedness for extreme climate events; and to achieve increased investment in new agricultural technologies, research and the development of adaptation strategies for the protection of rural livelihoods and expansion of commercial agriculture
Actions
• The actions to address these objectives are as follows:
• Establish an independent Climate Change Centre, in partnership with academic and other appropriate institutions.
• Support the actions of the government, business and civil society. Put in place a regulatory framework for land use to
ensure the conservation and restoration of protected areas.
• Establish a carbon price, building standards, vehicle emission standards, and municipal regulations to achieve scale in stimulating renewable energy, waste recycling and in retrofitting buildings.
• Put in place carbon-pricing mechanisms, supported by a wider suite of mitigation policy instruments to drive energy efficiency while all new buildings are to meet the energy-efficiency criteria set out in South African National Standard 204.
• Channel public investment into research, new agricultural technologies for commercial farming, as well as for the development of adaptation strategies and support services for small-scale and rural farmers.
There is a high degree of convergence between the objectives of the NDP chapter 5, Outcome 10 of the MTSF and SDG 1, 2, 6, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15. In addition, the chapter and its attendant SDGs resonate quite well with Aspiration 1, 2, 3 4 and, Aspiration 7 of the AU Agenda 2063
NDP CHAPTER 5 - ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY AND RESILIENCE
66
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
Figure 7: Environmental sustainability and resilience alignment objectives to SDGs and Agenda 2063
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY AND RESILIENCE
AU 2063 SDGs
ND
P O
bje
ctiv
e
0 2
Number of SDG and AU 2063 targets addressed
4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Well informed policy on natural resources
Protected land and oceans
Greenhouse gas emissions
Carbon price
Zero emission building standards
Reduce waste to land fills
Renewable energy contacted
Disaster preparedness
Increased investment in agricultural tecchnologies
67
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
Tab
le 6
: A
lign
men
t of
ND
P C
hap
ter
5 ob
ject
ives
wit
h t
he
MTS
F, S
DG
tar
get
s an
d A
gen
da
2063
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63
Asp
irati
ons
ECO
NO
MY
AN
DEM
PLO
YMEN
T
OB
JEC
TIV
ES
Out
com
e 10
: Pro
tect
an
d
enh
ance
our
env
iron
men
tal
asse
ts a
nd
nat
ural
reso
urce
s
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
p
riorit
ies
• A
set
of i
nd
icat
ors
for
nat
ura
l res
ourc
es,
acco
mp
anie
d b
y th
e p
ub
licat
ion
of a
nn
ual
re
por
ts o
n t
he
hea
lth
of
iden
tifi
ed re
sou
rces
to
info
rm p
olic
y.•
A t
arg
et fo
r th
e am
oun
t of
lan
d a
nd
oce
ans
un
der
p
rote
ctio
n (p
rese
ntl
y ab
out
7.9
mill
ion
ha
of
lan
d, 8
48k
m o
f coa
stlin
e an
d 4
172
squ
are
km o
f oc
ean
are
pro
tect
ed).
• A
chie
ve t
he
pea
k, p
late
au
and
dec
line
traj
ecto
ry fo
r
gre
enh
ouse
gas
em
issi
ons,
wit
h t
he
pea
k b
ein
g re
ach
ed a
rou
nd
20
25.
• E
cosy
stem
s ar
e su
stai
ned
, an
d n
atu
ral r
esou
rces
are
u
sed
effi
cien
tly.
• A
n e
ffec
tive
clim
ate
chan
ge
mit
igat
ion
an
d a
dap
tati
on
resp
onse
.•
An
en
viro
nm
enta
lly
sust
ain
able
, low
-car
bon
ec
onom
y re
sult
ing
fro
m
a w
ell-m
anag
ed ju
st
tran
siti
on.
• E
nh
ance
d g
over
nan
ce
syst
ems
and
cap
acit
y.•
Sust
ain
able
hu
man
co
mm
un
itie
s.
1.4
By
2030
, en
sure
th
at a
ll m
en a
nd
wom
en, i
n
par
ticu
lar
the
poo
r an
d t
he
vuln
erab
le, h
ave
equ
al r
igh
ts to
eco
nom
ic re
sou
rces
, as
wel
l as
acc
ess
to b
asic
ser
vice
s, o
wn
ersh
ip a
nd
co
ntr
ol o
ver
lan
d a
nd
oth
er fo
rms
of p
rop
erty
, in
her
itan
ce, n
atu
ral r
esou
rces
, ap
pro
pri
ate
new
te
chn
olog
y an
d fi
nan
cial
ser
vice
s, in
clu
din
g
mic
rofi
nan
ce.
2.3
By
2030
, dou
ble
th
e ag
ricu
ltu
ral p
rod
uct
ivit
y an
d in
com
es o
f sm
all-s
cale
food
pro
du
cers
, in
p
arti
cula
r w
omen
, in
dig
enou
s p
eop
les,
fam
ily
farm
ers,
pas
tora
lists
an
d fi
sher
s, in
clu
din
g
thro
ug
h s
ecu
re a
nd
eq
ual
acc
ess
to la
nd
, oth
er
pro
du
ctiv
e re
sou
rces
an
d in
pu
ts, k
now
led
ge,
fi
nan
cial
ser
vice
s, m
arke
ts a
nd
op
por
tun
itie
s fo
r va
lue
add
itio
n a
nd
non
-far
m e
mp
loym
ent.
2.4
B
y 20
30, e
nsu
re s
ust
ain
able
food
pro
du
ctio
n
syst
ems
and
imp
lem
ent
resi
lien
t ag
ricu
ltu
ral
pra
ctic
es t
hat
incr
ease
pro
du
ctiv
ity
and
p
rod
uct
ion
, th
at h
elp
mai
nta
in e
cosy
stem
s,
that
str
eng
then
cap
acit
y fo
r ad
apta
tion
to
clim
ate
chan
ge,
ext
rem
e w
eath
er, d
rou
gh
t, flo
odin
g a
nd
oth
er d
isas
ters
an
d t
hat
p
rog
ress
ivel
y im
pro
ve la
nd
an
d s
oil q
ual
ity.
1.4.1
Sust
ain
able
an
d
incl
usi
ve e
con
omic
g
row
th1.4
.3
Eco
nom
ic
div
ersi
fica
tion
an
d
resi
lien
ce1.4
.4
Hos
pit
alit
y/To
uri
sm1.5
.1 A
gri
cult
ura
l P
rod
uct
ivit
y an
d
Pro
du
ctio
n1.6
.1 M
arin
e R
esou
rces
an
d E
ner
gy
1.7.1
Sust
ain
able
n
atu
ral r
esou
rce
man
agem
ent
and
bio
div
ersi
ty
con
serv
atio
n1.7
.3
Wat
er s
ecu
rity
1.7.4
C
limat
e re
silie
nce
an
d
nat
ura
l dis
aste
rs
pre
par
edn
ess
and
p
reve
nti
on
68
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63
Asp
irati
ons
ECO
NO
MY
AN
DEM
PLO
YMEN
T O
BJE
CTI
VES
Out
com
e 10
: Pro
tect
an
d
enh
ance
our
env
iron
men
tal
asse
ts a
nd
nat
ural
reso
urce
s
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
p
riorit
ies
• B
y 20
30, a
n e
con
omy-
wid
e ca
rbon
pri
ce s
hou
ld b
e en
tren
ched
.•
Zero
-em
issi
on b
uild
ing
st
and
ard
s b
y 20
30.
• A
bso
lute
red
uct
ion
s in
th
e to
tal v
olu
me
of w
aste
d
isp
osed
to la
nd
fill
each
ye
ar.
• A
t le
ast
20 0
00
MW
of
ren
ewab
le e
ner
gy
shou
ld
be
con
trac
ted
by
2030
.•
Imp
rove
d d
isas
ter
pre
par
edn
ess
for
extr
eme
clim
ate
even
ts.
• In
crea
sed
inve
stm
ent
in n
ew a
gri
cult
ura
l te
chn
olog
ies,
rese
arch
an
d t
he
dev
elop
men
t of
ad
apta
tion
str
ateg
ies
for
the
pro
tect
ion
of r
ura
l liv
elih
ood
s an
d e
xpan
sion
of
com
mer
cial
ag
ricu
ltu
re.
2.5
By
2020
, mai
nta
in t
he
gen
etic
div
ersi
ty o
f se
eds,
cu
ltiv
ated
pla
nts
an
d fa
rmed
an
d
dom
esti
cate
d a
nim
als
and
th
eir
rela
ted
wild
sp
ecie
s, in
clu
din
g t
hro
ug
h s
oun
dly
man
aged
an
d d
iver
sifi
ed s
eed
an
d p
lan
t b
anks
at
the
nat
ion
al, r
egio
nal
an
d in
tern
atio
nal
leve
ls,
and
pro
mot
e ac
cess
to a
nd
fair
an
d e
qu
itab
le
shar
ing
of b
enefi
ts a
risi
ng
fro
m t
he
uti
lisat
ion
of
gen
etic
reso
urc
es a
nd
ass
ocia
ted
tra
dit
ion
al
know
led
ge,
as
inte
rnat
ion
ally
ag
reed
.2.
a In
crea
se in
vest
men
t, in
clu
din
g t
hro
ug
h
enh
ance
d in
tern
atio
nal
coo
per
atio
n, i
n r
ura
l in
fras
tru
ctu
re, a
gri
cult
ura
l res
earc
h a
nd
ex
ten
sion
ser
vice
s, te
chn
olog
y d
evel
opm
ent
and
pla
nt
and
live
stoc
k g
ene
ban
ks in
ord
er
to e
nh
ance
ag
ricu
ltu
ral p
rod
uct
ive
cap
acit
y in
dev
elop
ing
cou
ntr
ies,
in p
arti
cula
r, le
ast
dev
elop
ed c
oun
trie
s.6.
3 B
y 20
30, i
mp
rove
wat
er q
ual
ity
by
red
uci
ng
p
ollu
tion
, elim
inat
ing
du
mp
ing
an
d
min
imis
ing
rele
ase
of h
azar
dou
s ch
emic
als
and
mat
eria
ls, h
alvi
ng
th
e p
rop
orti
on o
f u
ntr
eate
d w
aste
wat
er a
nd
su
bst
anti
ally
in
crea
sin
g re
cycl
ing
an
d s
afe
reu
se g
lob
ally
.6.
6 B
y 20
20, p
rote
ct a
nd
rest
ore
wat
er-r
elat
ed
ecos
yste
ms,
incl
ud
ing
mou
nta
ins,
fore
sts,
w
etla
nd
s, r
iver
s, a
qu
ifers
an
d la
kes.
1.9.1
Ren
ewab
le
ener
gy
2.9.
1 Fi
nan
cial
an
d
Mon
etar
y In
stit
uti
ons
3.11
.1 D
emoc
racy
an
d
Goo
d G
over
nan
ce3.
12.1
Inst
itu
tion
s an
d
Lead
ersh
ip4
.14.1
In
stit
uti
onal
st
ruct
ure
for
AU
Inst
rum
ents
on
Pea
ce a
nd
Se
curi
ty4
.15.1
Fully
op
erat
ion
al
and
fun
ctio
nal
A
PSA
Pill
ars
7.19
.1 A
fric
a’s
pla
ce in
g
lob
al a
ffai
rs.
7.19
.2
Par
tner
ship
7.20
.1 A
fric
an C
apit
al
mar
ket
7.20
.2 F
isca
l sys
tem
an
d
Pu
blic
Sec
tor
Rev
enu
es7.
20.3
Dev
elop
men
t A
ssis
tan
ce
69
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63
Asp
irati
ons
ECO
NO
MY
AN
DEM
PLO
YMEN
T O
BJE
CTI
VES
Out
com
e 10
: Pro
tect
an
d
enh
ance
our
env
iron
men
tal
asse
ts a
nd
nat
ural
reso
urce
s
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
p
riorit
ies
By
2030
, en
sure
un
iver
sal a
cces
s to
aff
ord
able
, re
liab
le a
nd
mod
ern
en
erg
y se
rvic
es.
7.a
By
2030
, en
han
ce in
tern
atio
nal
coo
per
atio
n
to fa
cilit
ate
acce
ss to
cle
an e
ner
gy
rese
arch
an
d te
chn
olog
y, in
clu
din
g re
new
able
en
erg
y, e
ner
gy
effi
cien
cy a
nd
ad
van
ced
an
d
clea
ner
foss
il-fu
el te
chn
olog
y, a
nd
pro
mot
e in
vest
men
t in
en
erg
y in
fras
tru
ctu
re a
nd
cle
an
ener
gy
tech
nol
ogy.
7.b
B
y 20
30, e
xpan
d in
fras
tru
ctu
re a
nd
up
gra
de
tech
nol
ogy
for
sup
ply
ing
mod
ern
an
d
sust
ain
able
ener
gy
serv
ices
for
all i
n d
evel
opin
g c
oun
trie
s, in
p
arti
cula
r, le
ast
dev
elop
ed c
oun
trie
s, s
mal
lis
lan
d d
evel
opin
g S
tate
s an
d la
nd
lock
ed
dev
elop
ing
cou
ntr
ies,
in a
ccor
dan
ce w
ith
th
eir
resp
ecti
vep
rog
ram
mes
of s
up
por
t.8.
4
Imp
rove
pro
gre
ssiv
ely,
th
rou
gh
203
0, g
lob
al
reso
urc
e ef
fici
ency
in c
onsu
mp
tion
an
d
pro
du
ctio
n a
nd
en
dea
vou
r to
dec
oup
le
econ
omic
gro
wth
fro
m e
nvi
ron
men
tal
deg
rad
atio
n, f
ollo
win
g t
he
10-Y
ear
Fram
ewor
k of
Pro
gra
mm
es o
n S
ust
ain
able
Con
sum
pti
on
and
Pro
du
ctio
n, w
ith
dev
elop
ed c
oun
trie
s ta
kin
g t
he
lead
.
70
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63 A
spira
tion
s
ECO
NO
MY
AN
DEM
PLO
YMEN
T O
BJE
CTI
VES
Out
com
e 10
: Pro
tect
an
d
enh
ance
our
env
iron
men
tal
asse
ts a
nd
nat
ural
reso
urce
s
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
p
riorit
ies
11.5
B
y 20
30, s
ign
ifica
ntl
y re
du
ce t
he
nu
mb
er o
f d
eath
s an
d t
he
nu
mb
er o
f peo
ple
aff
ecte
d a
nd
su
bst
anti
ally
dec
reas
e th
e d
irec
t ec
onom
ic lo
sses
re
lati
ve to
th
e g
lob
al g
ross
dom
esti
c p
rod
uct
ca
use
d b
y d
isas
ters
, in
clu
din
g w
ater
-rel
ated
d
isas
ters
, wit
h a
focu
s on
pro
tect
ing
th
e p
oor
and
p
eop
le in
vu
lner
able
sit
uat
ion
s.11
.6
By
2030
, red
uce
th
e ad
vers
e p
er c
apit
a en
viro
nm
enta
l im
pac
t of
cit
ies,
incl
ud
ing
by
pay
ing
sp
ecia
l att
enti
on to
air
qu
alit
y an
d
mu
nic
ipal
an
d o
ther
was
te m
anag
emen
t.12
.4 B
y 20
20, a
chie
ve t
he
envi
ron
men
tally
sou
nd
m
anag
emen
t of
ch
emic
als
and
all
was
tes
thro
ug
hou
t th
eir
life
cycl
e, in
acc
ord
ance
w
ith
ag
reed
inte
rnat
ion
al f
ram
ewor
ks, a
nd
si
gn
ifica
ntl
y re
du
ce t
hei
r re
leas
e to
air
, wat
er a
nd
so
il in
ord
er to
min
imis
e th
eir
adve
rse
imp
acts
on
h
um
an h
ealt
h a
nd
th
e en
viro
nm
ent.
12.5
By
2030
, su
bst
anti
ally
red
uce
was
te g
ener
atio
n
thro
ug
h p
reve
nti
on, r
edu
ctio
n, r
ecyc
ling
an
d
reu
se.
71
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63 A
spira
tion
s
ECO
NO
MY
AN
DEM
PLO
YMEN
T O
BJE
CTI
VES
Out
com
e 10
: Pro
tect
an
d
enh
ance
our
env
iron
men
tal
asse
ts a
nd
nat
ural
reso
urce
s
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
p
riorit
ies
12.c
Rat
ion
alis
e in
effi
cien
t fo
ssil-
fuel
su
bsi
die
s th
at
enco
ura
ge
was
tefu
l con
sum
pti
on b
y re
mov
ing
m
arke
t d
isto
rtio
ns,
in a
ccor
dan
ce w
ith
nat
ion
al
circ
um
stan
ces,
incl
ud
ing
by
rest
ruct
uri
ng
ta
xati
on a
nd
ph
asin
g o
ut
thos
e h
arm
ful
sub
sid
ies,
wh
ere
they
exi
st, t
o re
flect
th
eir
envi
ron
men
tal i
mp
acts
, tak
ing
fully
into
acc
oun
t th
e sp
ecifi
c n
eed
s an
d c
ond
itio
ns
of d
evel
opin
g
cou
ntr
ies
and
min
imis
ing
th
e p
ossi
ble
ad
vers
e im
pac
ts o
n t
hei
r d
evel
opm
ent
in a
man
ner
th
at
pro
tect
s th
e p
oor
and
th
e af
fect
ed c
omm
un
itie
s.
cou
ntr
ies.
13.1
Stre
ng
then
resi
lien
ce a
nd
ad
apti
ve c
apac
ity
to
clim
ate-
rela
ted
haz
ard
s an
d n
atu
ral d
isas
ters
in
all
13.2
In
teg
rate
clim
ate
chan
ge
mea
sure
s in
to n
atio
nal
p
olic
ies,
str
ateg
ies
and
pla
nn
ing
.13
.3 I
mp
rove
ed
uca
tion
, aw
aren
ess-
rais
ing
an
d
hu
man
an
d in
stit
uti
onal
cap
acit
y on
clim
ate
chan
ge
mit
igat
ion
, ad
apta
tion
, im
pac
t re
du
ctio
n
and
ear
ly w
arn
ing
.
72
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63 A
spira
tion
s
ECO
NO
MY
AN
DEM
PLO
YMEN
T O
BJE
CTI
VES
Out
com
e 10
: Pro
tect
an
d
enh
ance
our
env
iron
men
tal
asse
ts a
nd
nat
ural
reso
urce
s
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
p
riorit
ies
13.b
Pro
mot
e m
ech
anis
ms
for
rais
ing
cap
acit
y fo
r ef
fect
ive
clim
ate
chan
ge-
rela
ted
pla
nn
ing
an
d
man
agem
ent
in le
ast
dev
elop
ed c
oun
trie
s an
d
smal
l isl
and
dev
elop
ing
Sta
tes,
incl
ud
ing
focu
sin
g
on w
omen
, you
th a
nd
loca
l an
d m
arg
inal
ised
co
mm
un
itie
s.14
.2 B
y 20
20, s
ust
ain
ably
man
age
and
pro
tect
mar
ine
and
coa
stal
eco
syst
ems
to a
void
sig
nifi
can
t ad
vers
e im
pac
ts, i
ncl
ud
ing
by
stre
ng
then
ing
th
eir
resi
lien
ce, a
nd
tak
e ac
tion
for
thei
r re
stor
atio
n in
ord
er to
ach
ieve
hea
lth
y an
d
pro
du
ctiv
e oc
ean
s.14
.3 M
inim
ise
and
ad
dre
ss t
he
imp
acts
of o
cean
ac
idifi
cati
on, i
ncl
ud
ing
th
rou
gh
en
han
ced
sc
ien
tifi
c co
oper
atio
n a
t al
l lev
els.
By
2020
, con
serv
e at
leas
t 10
% o
f coa
stal
an
d m
arin
e ar
eas,
con
sist
ent
wit
h n
atio
nal
an
d in
tern
atio
nal
la
w a
nd
bas
ed o
n t
he
bes
t av
aila
ble
sci
enti
fic
info
rmat
ion
.15
.1 B
y 20
20, e
nsu
re t
he
con
serv
atio
n, r
esto
rati
on
and
su
stai
nab
le u
se o
f ter
rest
rial
an
d in
lan
d
fres
hw
ater
eco
syst
ems
and
th
eir
serv
ices
, in
par
ticu
lar
fore
sts,
wet
lan
ds,
mou
nta
ins
and
dry
lan
ds,
in li
ne
wit
h o
blig
atio
ns
un
der
in
tern
atio
nal
ag
reem
ents
.
73
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63 A
spira
tion
s
ECO
NO
MY
AN
DEM
PLO
YMEN
T O
BJE
CTI
VES
Out
com
e 10
: Pro
tect
an
d
enh
ance
our
env
iron
men
tal
asse
ts a
nd
nat
ural
reso
urce
s
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
p
riorit
ies
15.2
By
2020
, pro
mot
e th
e im
ple
men
tati
on o
f su
stai
nab
le m
anag
emen
t of
all
typ
es o
f for
ests
, h
alt
def
ores
tati
on, r
esto
re d
egra
ded
fore
sts
and
su
bst
anti
ally
incr
ease
aff
ores
tati
on a
nd
re
fore
stat
ion
glo
bal
ly.
15.3
By
2030
, com
bat
des
erti
fica
tion
, res
tore
d
egra
ded
lan
d a
nd
soi
l, in
clu
din
g la
nd
aff
ecte
d
by
des
erti
fica
tion
, dro
ug
ht
and
floo
ds,
an
d s
triv
e to
ach
ieve
a la
nd
deg
rad
atio
n-n
eutr
al w
orld
.15
.4 B
y 20
30, e
nsu
re t
he
con
serv
atio
n o
f mou
nta
in
ecos
yste
ms,
incl
ud
ing
th
eir
bio
div
ersi
ty, i
n o
rder
to
en
han
ce t
hei
r ca
pac
ity
to p
rovi
de
ben
efits
th
at
are
esse
nti
al fo
r su
stai
nab
le d
evel
opm
ent.
15.5
Tak
e u
rgen
t an
d s
ign
ifica
nt
acti
on to
red
uce
th
e d
egra
dat
ion
of n
atu
ral h
abit
ats,
hal
t th
e lo
ss o
f b
iod
iver
sity
an
d, b
y 20
20, p
rote
ct a
nd
pre
ven
t th
e ex
tin
ctio
n o
f th
reat
ened
sp
ecie
s.
74
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
Objectives
The objectives in Chapter 6 of the NDP include the following:
• To develop an inclusive rural economy through improved infrastructure and service delivery, a review of land tenure, service to small and micro farmers, a review of mining industry commitments to social investment, and tourism investments.
• To increase investment in irrigation infrastructure in Makhathini Flats and Umzimvubu River Basin as well as to create tenure security for communal farmers, especially women.
• To investigate different forms of financing and vesting of private property rights to land reform beneficiaries that do not hamper beneficiaries with a high debt burden.
Actions
These objectives would be achieved through the following actions:
• Focus on trade penetration and diplomatic presence in fast-growing markets (Asia, Brazil and Africa).
• Implement a focused regional integration strategy with an emphasis on road, rail
and port infrastructure in the region; reducing red tape, corruption and delays at border posts; using financial institutions to partner with businesses wanting to expand on the continent; strengthening regional cooperation in food and energy markets and water management, and identifying and promoting practical opportunities for cooperation based on complementary national endowments.
The implementation modalities for this priority area are articulated in Outcome 7 of the MTSF, which focuses on creating vibrant, equitable, sustainable rural communities contributing towards food security for all. There are some linkages with the SDGs which are very broad and hence are subject to varying interpretations similar to AU Agenda 2063. Broadly, this chapter and the SDGs have limited convergence. Whereas the NDP emphasises creating rural jobs in agriculture and agro-processing as well as ensuring that the terms of trade in the primary commodity sector are favourable to rural farmers, the SDG targets related to this aspect is focused on mostly the group of least developed countries, of which South Africa is not a member. The chapter resonates with Agenda 2063 Aspirations 1, 3 and 7.
Figure 8: Inclusive rural economy alignment with the SDG targets and Agenda 2063 priorities
INCLUSIVE RURAL ECONOMY
AU 2063 SDGs
ND
P O
bje
ctiv
e
Number of SDG and AU 2063 targets addressed
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Jobs in agriculture and agro-processing
Positive trade balance
NDP CHAPTER 6 - INCLUSIVE RURAL ECONOMY
75
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63 A
spira
tion
s
ECO
NO
MY
AN
DEM
PLO
YMEN
T O
BJE
CTI
VES
Out
com
e 10
: Pro
tect
an
d
enh
ance
our
env
iron
men
tal
asse
ts a
nd
nat
ural
reso
urce
s
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
p
riorit
ies
• A
n a
dd
itio
nal
643
00
0
dir
ect
job
s an
d 3
26
00
0 in
dir
ect
job
s in
th
e ag
ricu
ltu
re, a
gro
-p
roce
ssin
g a
nd
rela
ted
se
ctor
s b
y 20
30.
• M
ain
tain
a p
osit
ive
trad
e b
alan
ce fo
r p
rim
ary
and
p
roce
ssed
ag
ricu
ltu
ral
pro
du
cts.
• Im
pro
ved
lan
d
adm
inis
trat
ion
an
d s
pat
ial
pla
nn
ing
for
inte
gra
ted
d
evel
opm
ent
in r
ura
l are
as.
• Su
stai
nab
le la
nd
refo
rm
con
trib
uti
ng
to a
gra
rian
tr
ansf
orm
atio
n.
• Im
pro
ved
food
sec
uri
ty.
• Sm
allh
old
er p
rod
uce
rs
dev
elop
men
t an
d s
up
por
t (t
ech
nic
al, fi
nan
cial
, in
fras
tru
ctu
re) f
or a
gra
rian
tr
ansf
orm
atio
n.
• In
crea
sed
acc
ess
to
qu
alit
y in
fras
tru
ctu
re
and
fun
ctio
nal
ser
vice
s,
par
ticu
larl
y in
ed
uca
tion
, h
ealt
hca
re a
nd
pu
blic
tr
ansp
ort
in r
ura
l are
as.
• G
row
th o
f su
stai
nab
le r
ura
l en
terp
rise
s an
d in
du
stri
es
– re
sult
ing
in r
ura
l job
cr
eati
on.
1.1
By
2030
, era
dic
ate
extr
eme
pov
erty
for
all p
eop
le
ever
ywh
ere,
cu
rren
tly
mea
sure
d a
s p
eop
le li
vin
g
on le
ss t
han
$1.2
5 a
day
.1.2
B
y 20
30, r
edu
ce a
t le
ast
by
hal
f th
e p
rop
orti
on
of m
en, w
omen
an
d c
hild
ren
of a
ll ag
es li
vin
g in
p
over
ty in
all
its
dim
ensi
ons
acco
rdin
g to
nat
ion
al
defi
nit
ion
s.2.
1 B
y 20
30, e
nd
hu
ng
er a
nd
en
sure
acc
ess
by
all
peo
ple
, in
par
ticu
lar
the
poo
r an
d p
eop
le in
vu
lner
able
sit
uat
ion
s, in
clu
din
g in
fan
ts, t
o sa
fe,
nu
trit
iou
s an
d s
uffi
cien
t fo
od a
ll ye
ar ro
un
d.
2.2
By
2030
, en
d a
ll fo
rms
of m
aln
utr
itio
n, i
ncl
ud
ing
ac
hie
vin
g, b
y 20
25, t
he
inte
rnat
ion
ally
ag
reed
ta
rget
s on
stu
nti
ng
an
d w
asti
ng
in c
hild
ren
u
nd
er 5
yea
rs o
f ag
e, a
nd
ad
dre
ss t
he
nu
trit
ion
al
nee
ds
of a
dol
esce
nt
gir
ls, p
reg
nan
t an
d la
ctat
ing
w
omen
an
d o
lder
per
son
s.5.
a U
nd
erta
ke re
form
s to
giv
e w
omen
eq
ual
rig
hts
to
eco
nom
ic re
sou
rces
, as
wel
l as
acce
ss to
ow
ner
ship
an
d c
ontr
ol o
ver
lan
d a
nd
oth
er fo
rms
of p
rop
erty
, fin
anci
al s
ervi
ces,
inh
erit
ance
an
d
nat
ura
l res
ourc
es, i
n a
ccor
dan
ce w
ith
nat
ion
al
law
s.
1.1.1
Inco
mes
, Job
s an
d d
ecen
t w
ork
1.1.2
P
over
ty,
Ineq
ual
ity
and
H
un
ger
1.4.1
Sust
ain
able
an
d in
clu
sive
ec
onom
ic
gro
wth
1.5.1
Ag
ricu
ltu
ral
Pro
du
ctiv
ity
and
Pro
du
ctio
n3.
11.1
Dem
ocra
cy
and
Goo
d
Gov
ern
ance
3.12
.1 In
stit
uti
ons
and
Le
ader
ship
3.12
.2
Par
tici
pat
ory
Dev
elop
men
t an
d L
ocal
G
over
nan
ce7.
19.1
Afr
ica’
s p
lace
in
glo
bal
aff
airs
.7.
19.2
P
artn
ersh
ip7.
20.1
Afr
ican
Cap
ital
m
arke
t
76
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63 A
spira
tion
s
ECO
NO
MY
AN
DEM
PLO
YMEN
T O
BJE
CTI
VES
Out
com
e 10
: Pro
tect
an
d
enh
ance
our
env
iron
men
tal
asse
ts a
nd
nat
ural
reso
urce
s
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
p
riorit
ies
8.5
By
2030
, ach
ieve
full
and
pro
du
ctiv
e em
plo
ymen
t an
d d
ecen
t w
ork
for
all w
omen
an
d m
en,
incl
ud
ing
for
you
ng
peo
ple
an
d p
erso
ns
wit
h
dis
abili
ties
, an
d e
qu
al p
ay fo
r w
ork
of e
qu
al v
alu
e.8.
6 B
y 20
20, s
ub
stan
tial
ly re
du
ce t
he
pro
por
tion
of
you
th n
ot in
em
plo
ymen
t, ed
uca
tion
or
trai
nin
g.
7.20
.2 F
isca
l sys
tem
an
d P
ub
lic
Sect
or
Rev
enu
es7.
20.3
Dev
elop
men
t A
ssis
tan
ce
77
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
As a regional and continental leader in economic development, infrastructure and trade, South Africa has a critical role to play in Africa’s development. Regional integration and regional trade are key elements of this endeavour. In order to harness this position, the NDP recognises South Africa’s leadership responsibility and has prioritised inter-regional trade as a key instrument in promoting livelihoods, not only domestically, but also across the continent in a “win-win” spirit.
Objectives
In the NDP, the objectives under this priority include the following:
• To advocate for intra-regional trade in Southern Africa to increase from 7% of trade to 25% of trade by 2030.
• To increase South Africa’s trade with regional neighbours from 15% of our trade to 30%.
Actions
The actions to achieve these objectives are as follows:
• Focus on trade penetration and diplomatic presence in fast-growing markets (Asia, Brazil and Africa).
• Implement a focused regional integration strategy with an emphasis on road, rail and port infrastructure in the region; reducing red tape, corruption and delays at border posts; using financial institutions to partner with businesses wanting to expand on the continent; strengthening regional cooperation in food and energy markets and water management, and identifying and promoting practical opportunities for cooperation based on complementary national endowments.
As the table below shows, there is little direct alignment between this NDP objective and the SDGs as it is quite specific to the peculiar aspects of South Africa’s position on the African continent as opposed to the global SDGs. However, a large number of Agenda 2063 priority areas are addressed by this NDP objective, specifically in Aspiration 1 and 2, and 3 as well as the Afro-centric aspirations articulated in 6 and 7.
NDP CHAPTER 7 - SOUTH AFRICA IN THE REGION AND THE WORLD
Figure 9: South Africa in the region and the world - alignment of NDP objectives to SDGs and Agenda 2063
SOUTH AFRICA IN THE REGION AND THE WORLD
AU 2063 SDGs
ND
P O
bje
ctiv
e
Number of SDG and AU 2063 targets addressed
0 2 4 6 8 10
Intra-regional trade in SADC
Proportion of Trade with reegional neighbours
78
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
Tab
le 7
: Alig
nm
ent
of N
DP
Ch
apte
r 6
obje
ctiv
es t
o th
e M
TSF,
SD
Gs
and
Ag
end
a 20
63
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63
Asp
irati
ons
ECO
NO
MY
AN
DEM
PLO
YMEN
T O
BJE
CTI
VES
Out
com
e 11
: Cre
ate
a b
ette
r So
uth
Afr
ica
and
con
trib
ute
to a
bet
ter A
fric
a an
d a
bet
ter
wor
ld
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
p
riorit
ies
• In
tra-
reg
ion
al t
rad
e in
So
uth
ern
Afr
ica
shou
ld
incr
ease
fro
m7%
of t
rad
e to
25%
of t
rad
e b
y 20
30.
• So
uth
Afr
ica’
s tr
ade
wit
h
reg
ion
al n
eig
hb
ours
sh
ould
in
crea
se f
rom
15%
of o
ur
trad
e to
30
%.
• SA
’s n
atio
nal
pri
orit
ies
adva
nce
d in
bila
tera
l ag
reem
ents
.•
An
eco
nom
ical
ly in
teg
rate
d
Sou
ther
n A
fric
a.•
Pol
itic
al c
ohes
ion
wit
hin
So
uth
ern
Afr
ica
to e
nsu
re a
p
eace
ful,
secu
re a
nd
sta
ble
So
uth
ern
Afr
ican
reg
ion
.•
A p
eace
ful,
secu
re a
nd
st
able
Afr
ica.
• A
su
stai
nab
le d
evel
oped
, an
d e
con
omic
ally
in
teg
rate
d A
fric
a.•
An
eq
uit
able
an
d
just
Sys
tem
of G
lob
al
Gov
ern
ance
.•
Stro
ng
mu
tual
ly b
enefi
cial
So
uth
-Sou
th c
oop
erat
ion
.•
Ben
efici
al re
lati
ons
wit
h
stra
teg
ic fo
rmat
ion
s of
th
e N
orth
.
mar
kets
, in
clu
din
g t
hro
ug
h t
he
par
alle
l elim
inat
ion
of
all
form
s of
ag
ricu
ltu
ral e
xpor
t su
bsi
die
s an
d
all e
xpor
t m
easu
res
wit
h e
qu
ival
ent
effe
ct, i
n
acco
rdan
ce w
ith
th
e m
and
ate
of t
he
Doh
a D
evel
opm
ent
Rou
nd
.2.
c A
dop
t m
easu
res
to e
nsu
re t
he
pro
per
fu
nct
ion
ing
of f
ood
com
mod
ity
mar
kets
an
d
thei
r d
eriv
ativ
es a
nd
faci
litat
e ti
mel
y ac
cess
to
mar
ket
info
rmat
ion
, in
clu
din
g o
n fo
od
rese
rves
, in
ord
er to
hel
p li
mit
ext
rem
e fo
od
pri
ce v
olat
ility
.17
.6 E
nh
ance
Nor
th-S
outh
, Sou
th-S
outh
an
d
tria
ng
ula
r re
gio
nal
an
d in
tern
atio
nal
co
oper
atio
n o
n a
nd
acc
ess
to s
cien
ce,
tech
nol
ogy
and
inn
ovat
ion
an
d e
nh
ance
kn
owle
dg
e sh
arin
g o
n m
utu
ally
ag
reed
term
s,
incl
ud
ing
th
rou
gh
imp
rove
d c
oord
inat
ion
am
ong
exi
stin
g m
ech
anis
ms,
in p
arti
cula
r at
th
e U
nit
ed N
atio
ns
leve
l, an
d t
hro
ug
h a
glo
bal
te
chn
olog
y fa
cilit
atio
n m
ech
anis
m.
1.4.3
E
con
omic
d
iver
sifi
cati
on a
nd
re
silie
nce
3.11
.1 D
emoc
racy
an
d
Goo
d G
over
nan
ce3.
12.1
Inst
itu
tion
s an
d
Lead
ersh
ip3.
12.2
P
arti
cip
ator
y D
evel
opm
ent
and
Lo
cal G
over
nan
ce7.
19.1
Afr
ica’
s p
lace
in
glo
bal
aff
airs
.7.
19.2
P
artn
ersh
ip7.
20.1
Afr
ican
Cap
ital
m
arke
t7.
20.2
Fis
cal s
yste
m a
nd
P
ub
lic S
ecto
r R
even
ues
7.20
.3 D
evel
opm
ent
Ass
ista
nce
79
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63
Asp
irati
ons
ECO
NO
MY
AN
DEM
PLO
YMEN
T O
BJE
CTI
VES
Out
com
e 11
: Cre
ate
a b
ette
r So
uth
Afr
ica
and
con
trib
ute
to a
bet
ter A
fric
a an
d a
bet
ter
wor
ld
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
p
riorit
ies
17.9
En
han
ce in
tern
atio
nal
su
pp
ort
for
imp
lem
enti
ng
eff
ecti
ve a
nd
tar
get
ed
cap
acit
y-b
uild
ing
in d
evel
opin
g c
oun
trie
s to
su
pp
ort
nat
ion
al p
lan
s to
imp
lem
ent
all t
he
Sust
ain
able
Dev
elop
men
t G
oals
, in
clu
din
g
thro
ug
h N
orth
-Sou
th, S
outh
-Sou
th a
nd
tr
ian
gu
lar
coop
erat
ion
Tra
de.
17.10
Pro
mot
e a
un
iver
sal,
rule
s-b
ased
, op
en, n
on-
dis
crim
inat
ory
and
eq
uit
able
mu
ltila
tera
l tr
adin
g s
yste
m u
nd
er t
he
Wor
ld T
rad
e O
rgan
isat
ion
, in
clu
din
g t
hro
ug
h t
he
con
clu
sion
of n
egot
iati
ons
un
der
its
Doh
a D
evel
opm
ent
Ag
end
a.17
.11 S
ign
ifica
ntl
y in
crea
se t
he
exp
orts
of
dev
elop
ing
cou
ntr
ies,
in p
arti
cula
r w
ith
a v
iew
to
dou
blin
g t
he
leas
t d
evel
oped
cou
ntr
ies’
sh
are
of g
lob
al e
xpor
ts b
y 20
20.
17.12
Rea
lise
tim
ely
imp
lem
enta
tion
of d
uty
-fre
e an
d q
uot
a-fr
ee m
arke
t ac
cess
on
a la
stin
g
bas
is fo
r al
l lea
st d
evel
oped
cou
ntr
ies,
co
nsi
sten
t w
ith
Wor
ld T
rad
e O
rgan
isat
ion
d
ecis
ion
s, in
clu
din
g b
y en
suri
ng
th
at
pre
fere
nti
al r
ule
s of
ori
gin
ap
plic
able
to
imp
orts
fro
m le
ast
dev
elop
ed c
oun
trie
s ar
e tr
ansp
aren
t an
d s
imp
le, a
nd
con
trib
ute
to
faci
litat
ing
mar
ket
acce
ss S
yste
mic
issu
es
Pol
icy
and
inst
itu
tion
al c
oher
ence
.
80
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
The provision of human settlements has been a top priority in the NDP and was seen as a key element of stability and social cohesion in the Diagnostic Report. This chapter was meant to address historical imbalances in the provision of decent settlements and improve the quality of services available to South Africans.
Objectives
Objectives include the following:
• To achieve strong and efficient spatial planning systems.
• To upgrade informal settlements and move people closer to their places of work.
• To improve public transport. • To locate factories and businesses in or
close to dense urban townships.
Actions
The proposed actions include:
• Institute reforms to the current planning system for improved coordination.
• Develop a strategy for densification of cities and resource allocation to promote better located housing and settlements.
• Provide substantial investment to ensure safe, reliable and affordable public transport.
• Introduce spatial development frameworks and norms, including improving the balance between location of jobs and people.
• Conduct a comprehensive review of the grant and subsidy regime for housing with a view to ensure diversity in product and finance options that would allow for more household choice and greater spatial mix and flexibility, and should include a focused strategy on the housing gap market, involving banks, subsidies and employer housing schemes.
• Create a national spatial restructuring fund.• Integrate currently defused funding. • Establish a national observatory for spatial
data and analysis. • Provide incentives for citizen activity for
local planning and development of spatial compacts.
• Introduce mechanisms that would make land markets work more effectively for the poor and support rural and urban livelihoods.
SDG Target 1.4 and SDG 11 are specifically aligned to this chapter. AU Agenda 2063 Aspiration 1, 3, 6 and 7 also align to this chapter.
NDP CHAPTER 8 - TRANSFORMING HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
Figure 10: Transforming Human Settlements
AU 2063 SDGs
ND
P O
bje
ctiv
e
Number of SDG and AU 2063 targets addressed
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Spatial planning
Informal settlements upgrade
More people living closer to their places of work
Better quality public transport
More jobs in or close to dense, urban townships
81
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
Tab
le 9
: Alig
nm
ent
of N
DP
Ch
apte
r 8
to t
he
MTS
F, S
DG
s an
d A
gen
da
2063
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63
Asp
irati
ons
ECO
NO
MY
AN
DEM
PLO
YMEN
T O
BJE
CTI
VES
Out
com
e 8:
Sus
tain
able
h
uman
set
tlem
ents
an
d
imp
rove
d q
ualit
y of
hou
seh
old
life
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
p
riorit
ies
• St
ron
g a
nd
effi
cien
t sp
atia
l pla
nn
ing
sys
tem
, w
ell i
nte
gra
ted
acr
oss
the
sph
eres
of g
over
nm
ent.
• U
pg
rad
e al
l in
form
al
sett
lem
ents
on
su
itab
le,
wel
l-loc
ated
lan
d b
y 20
30.
• M
ore
peo
ple
livi
ng
clo
ser
to
thei
r p
lace
s of
wor
k.•
Bet
ter
qu
alit
y p
ub
lictr
ansp
ort.
• M
ore
job
s in
or
clos
e to
d
ense
, urb
an to
wn
ship
s.
• A
deq
uat
e h
ousi
ng
an
d
imp
rove
d q
ual
ity
of li
vin
g
envi
ron
men
ts.
• A
fun
ctio
nal
ly e
qu
itab
le
resi
den
tial
pro
per
ty m
arke
t.•
En
han
ced
inst
itu
tion
al
cap
abili
ty fo
r ef
fect
ive
coor
din
atio
n o
f
sp
atia
l in
form
atio
n.
1.4 B
y 20
30, e
nsu
re t
hat
all
men
an
d w
omen
, in
p
arti
cula
r th
e p
oor
and
th
e vu
lner
able
, hav
e eq
ual
rig
hts
to e
con
omic
reso
urc
es, a
s w
ell
as a
cces
s to
bas
ic s
ervi
ces,
ow
ner
ship
an
d
con
trol
ove
r la
nd
an
d o
ther
form
s of
pro
per
ty,
inh
erit
ance
, nat
ura
l res
ourc
es, a
pp
rop
riat
e n
ew te
chn
olog
yan
d fi
nan
cial
ser
vice
s, in
clu
din
g m
icro
fin
ance
.11
.1 B
y 20
30, e
nsu
re a
cces
s fo
r al
l to
adeq
uat
e, s
afe
and
aff
ord
able
hou
sin
g a
nd
bas
ic s
ervi
ces
and
u
pg
rad
e sl
um
s.11
.2
By
2030
, pro
vid
e ac
cess
to s
afe,
aff
ord
able
, ac
cess
ible
an
d s
ust
ain
able
tra
nsp
ort
syst
ems
for
all,
imp
rovi
ng
road
saf
ety,
not
ably
b
y ex
pan
din
g p
ub
lic t
ran
spor
t, w
ith
sp
ecia
l at
ten
tion
to t
he
nee
ds
ofth
ose
in v
uln
erab
le s
itu
atio
ns,
wom
en, c
hild
ren
, p
erso
ns
wit
h d
isab
iliti
es a
nd
old
er p
erso
ns.
11.3
B
y 20
30, e
nh
ance
incl
usi
ve a
nd
su
stai
nab
le
urb
anis
atio
n a
nd
cap
acit
y fo
r p
arti
cip
ator
y,
inte
gra
ted
an
d s
ust
ain
able
hu
man
set
tlem
ent
pla
nn
ing
an
dm
anag
emen
t in
all
cou
ntr
ies.
Inco
mes
, Job
s an
d
dec
ent
wor
k1.1
.4
Mod
ern
an
d
Live
able
Hab
itat
s an
d B
asic
Qu
alit
y Se
rvic
es1.3
.1 H
ealt
h a
nd
N
utr
itio
n1.4
.1 Su
stai
nab
le a
nd
in
clu
sive
eco
nom
ic
gro
wth
3.11
.2
Hu
man
Rig
hts
, Ju
stic
e an
d T
he
Ru
le o
f Law
3.12
.1 In
stit
uti
ons
and
Le
ader
ship
3.12
.2
Par
tici
pat
ory
Dev
elop
men
t an
d
Loca
l Gov
ern
ance
4.13
.1 M
ain
ten
ance
an
d
Pre
serv
atio
n o
f P
eace
an
d S
ecu
rity
82
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63
Asp
irati
ons
ECO
NO
MY
AN
DEM
PLO
YMEN
T O
BJE
CTI
VES
Out
com
e 8:
Sus
tain
able
h
uman
set
tlem
ents
an
d
imp
rove
d q
ualit
y of
hou
seh
old
life
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
p
riorit
ies
By
2030
, pro
vid
e u
niv
ersa
l acc
ess
to s
afe,
incl
usi
ve a
nd
ac
cess
ible
, gre
en a
nd
pu
blic
sp
aces
, in
par
ticu
lar
for
wom
en a
nd
ch
ildre
n, o
lder
per
son
s an
d
per
son
s w
ith
dis
abili
ties
.11
.b B
y 20
20, s
ub
stan
tial
ly in
crea
se t
he
nu
mb
er o
f ci
ties
an
d h
um
an s
ettl
emen
ts a
dop
tin
g a
nd
im
ple
men
tin
g in
teg
rate
d p
olic
ies
and
pla
ns
tow
ard
s in
clu
sion
, res
ourc
e ef
fici
ency
, mit
igat
ion
an
d a
dap
tati
on to
clim
ate
chan
ge,
resi
lien
ce
to d
isas
ters
, an
d d
evel
op a
nd
imp
lem
ent,
in
line
wit
h t
he
Sen
dai
Fra
mew
ork
for
Dis
aste
r R
isk
Red
uct
ion
20
15–2
030,
hol
isti
c d
isas
ter
risk
m
anag
emen
t at
all
leve
ls.
7.19
.2
Par
tner
ship
7.20
.1 A
fric
an C
apit
al
mar
ket
7.20
.2 F
isca
l sys
tem
an
d
Pu
blic
Sec
tor
Rev
enu
es7.
20.3
Dev
elop
men
t A
ssis
tan
ce
83
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
Chapter 9 of the NDP provides a substantially detailed account of the efforts needed to respond to the challenge of quality education identified in the Diagnostic Report. It calls for improvements in the provision of education services across all levels, starting from prioritising early childhood development, including pre-school education. The NDP proposes a number of far-reaching interventions among which the following are key:
Objectives
• To prioritise early childhood development among the measures to improve the quality of education and long-term prospects of future generations.
• To channel dedicated resources towards ensuring that all children are well cared for from an early age and receive appropriate emotional, cognitive and physical development stimulation.
• To ensure all children have at least 2 years of preschool education.
• To ensure that about 90% of learners in grades 3, 6 and 9 achieve 50% or more in the annual national assessments in literacy, math and science.
• To ensure that between 80 – 90% of learners complete 12 years of schooling and/or vocational education with at least 80% successfully passing the exit exams.
• To eradicate infrastructure backlogs and ensure that all schools meet the minimum standards by 2016.
• To expand the college system with a focus on improving quality.
• To provide 1 million learning opportunities through Community Education and Training Centres.
• To improve the throughput rate to 80% by 2030.
• To produce 30 000 artisans per year. • To increase enrolment at universities by
at least 70% by 2030 so that enrolments increase to about 1.62 million from 950 000 in 2010.
• To increase the number of students eligible to study towards maths and science-based degrees to 450 000 by 2030.
• To increase the percentage of PhD qualified staff in the higher education sector from the current 34% to over 75% by 2030.
• To produce more than 100 doctoral graduates per million per year by 2030; implying an increase from 1420 in 2010 to well over 5 000 a year.
• To expand science, technology and innovation outputs by increasing research and development spending by the government and through encouraging industry to do so.
The successful implementation of the Education, Training and Innovation chapter of the NDP will have far-reaching and long-term implications for all the other aspirations articulated therein. A good education system is critical for the success of industry, agriculture, health and also increases productivity, while innovation breeds scientific progress in all spheres of human endeavour. With regards to the sector’s contribution to the SDGs, education has a quite strong vertical and horizontal alignment, covering many SDG targets. The figure below shows the extent to which the NDP objectives align with the SDG targets.
Outcome 1 of the MTSF, quality basic education, provides the implementation framework for this chapter.
NDP CHAPTER 9 - IMPROVING EDUCATION, TRAINING AND INNOVATION
84
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
Actions
The actions at various levels of education provision include:
• Introduce nutrition during the first 1000 days as part of ECD.
• Increase state funding for universal access.• Develop capacity development initiatives
as well as the provision of incentive schemes for well-performing schools and the introduction of professional accreditation for teachers. There is very strong convergence between this NDP chapter and all targets in SDG 4, 5, 8 and 9 while the AU Agenda 2063 Aspiration 1, 3 and Aspiration 6 are reflected strongly.
Figure 11: Improving education, training and innovation alignment to MTSF, SDGs and Agenda 2063
AU 2063 SDGs
ND
P O
bje
ctiv
e
Number of SDG and AU 2063 targets addressed
0 5 10 15 20 25
Prioritize Early Child Development
Allocate dedicated resources to ECD
All children to have at least 2 years of pre-school
About 90% in grades 3, 6 and 9 pass ANA in math, science, lit
Betweeen 80-90% complete 12 years of schooling education
Eradicat infrastructural backlogs
Expand college system
Provide 1 million learning opportunities throughout to 80%
Produce 30 000 artisans per year
Increase enrolment at universities
Increase math and science degrees
Increase & PhDs
Produce 100 doctoral graduates
Expand science, technology and innovation outputs
IMPROVING EDUCATION, TRAINING AND INNOVATION
85
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63
Asp
irati
ons
IMP
RO
VIN
G E
DU
CA
TIO
N,
TRA
ININ
G A
ND
INN
OV
ATI
ON
Out
com
e 1:
Qua
lity
basi
c ed
ucat
ion
an
d s
kills
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
p
riorit
ies
• M
ake
earl
y ch
ildh
ood
d
evel
opm
ent
a to
p p
rior
ity
amon
g t
he
mea
sure
s to
imp
rove
th
e q
ual
ity
of e
du
cati
on a
nd
lon
g-
term
pro
spec
ts o
f fu
ture
g
ener
atio
ns.
Ded
icat
ed
reso
urc
es s
hou
ld b
e ch
ann
elle
d to
war
ds
ensu
rin
g t
hat
all
child
ren
ar
e w
ell c
ared
for
from
an
ear
ly a
ge
and
rece
ive
app
rop
riat
e em
otio
nal
, co
gn
itiv
e an
d p
hys
ical
d
evel
opm
ent
stim
ula
tion
.•
All
child
ren
sh
ould
hav
e at
le
ast
2 ye
ars
of p
re-s
choo
l
edu
cati
on.
• Im
pro
ved
qu
alit
y of
te
ach
ing
an
d le
arn
ing
th
rou
gh
th
e d
evel
opm
ent,
sup
ply
an
d e
ffec
tive
u
tilis
atio
n o
f tea
cher
s.•
Imp
rove
d t
he
qu
alit
y of
te
ach
ing
an
d le
arn
ing
th
rou
gh
th
e p
rovi
sion
of
infr
astr
uct
ure
an
d le
arn
ing
m
ater
ials
.•
Reg
ula
r an
nu
al n
atio
nal
as
sess
men
ts to
tra
ck
imp
rove
men
ts in
th
e q
ual
ity
of te
ach
ing
an
d
lear
nin
g (A
NA
).•
Imp
rove
d G
rad
e R
an
d
pla
nn
ing
for
the
exte
nsi
on
of E
CD
.
4.1
By
2030
, en
sure
th
at a
ll g
irls
an
d b
oys
com
ple
te f
ree,
eq
uit
able
an
d q
ual
ity
pri
mar
y
and
sec
ond
ary
edu
cati
on le
adin
g to
rele
van
t an
d e
ffec
tive
lear
nin
g o
utc
omes
.4
.1 B
y 20
30, e
nsu
re t
hat
all
gir
ls a
nd
boy
s h
ave
acce
ss to
qu
alit
y ea
rly
child
hoo
d d
evel
opm
ent,
care
an
d p
re-p
rim
ary
edu
cati
on s
o th
at t
hey
ar
e re
ady
for
pri
mar
y ed
uca
tion
.4
.3
By
2030
, en
sure
eq
ual
acc
ess
for
all w
omen
an
d m
en to
aff
ord
able
an
d q
ual
ity
tech
nic
al,
voca
tion
al a
nd
tert
iary
ed
uca
tion
, in
clu
din
g
un
iver
sity
.4
.4
By
2030
, su
bst
anti
ally
incr
ease
th
e n
um
ber
of
you
th a
nd
ad
ult
s w
ho
hav
e re
leva
nt
skill
s, in
clu
din
g te
chn
ical
an
d v
ocat
ion
al
skill
s, fo
r em
plo
ymen
t, d
ecen
t jo
bs
and
en
trep
ren
eurs
hip
.4
.5
By
2030
, elim
inat
e g
end
er d
isp
arit
ies
in
edu
cati
on a
nd
en
sure
eq
ual
acc
ess
to a
ll le
vels
of
ed
uca
tion
an
d v
ocat
ion
al t
rain
ing
for
the
vuln
erab
le, i
ncl
ud
ing
per
son
s w
ith
dis
abili
ties
, in
dig
enou
s p
eop
les
and
ch
ildre
n in
vu
lner
able
si
tuat
ion
s.4
.6
By
2030
, en
sure
th
at a
ll yo
uth
an
d a
su
bst
anti
al
pro
por
tion
of a
du
lts,
bot
h m
en
and
wom
en, a
chie
ve li
tera
cy a
nd
nu
mer
acy.
1.1.1
Inco
mes
, Job
s an
d
dec
ent
wor
k1.1
.2
Pov
erty
, In
equ
alit
y an
d H
un
ger
1.1.4
M
oder
n a
nd
Li
vab
le H
abit
ats
and
Bas
ic Q
ual
ity
Serv
ices
1.2.1
Ed
uca
tion
an
d
STI s
kills
dri
ven
re
volu
tion
1.4.2
ST
I dri
ven
M
anu
fact
uri
ng
/ In
du
stri
aliz
atio
n
and
Val
ue
Ad
dit
ion
1.4.3
E
con
omic
d
iver
sifi
cati
on a
nd
re
silie
nce
2.8.
1 Fr
amew
ork
and
In
stit
uti
ons
for
a U
nit
ed A
fric
a
Tab
le 10
: A
lign
men
t of
ND
P C
hap
ter
9 ob
ject
ives
wit
h t
he
MTS
F, S
DG
tar
get
s an
d A
gen
da
2063
86
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63
Asp
irati
ons
IMP
RO
VIN
G E
DU
CA
TIO
N,
TRA
ININ
G A
ND
INN
OV
ATI
ON
Out
com
e 1:
Qua
lity
basi
c ed
ucat
ion
an
d s
kills
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
p
riorit
ies
• A
bou
t 90
% o
f lea
rner
s in
g
rad
es 3
, 6 a
nd
9 m
ust
ac
hie
ve 5
0%
or
mor
e in
th
e an
nu
al n
atio
nal
as
sess
men
ts in
lite
racy
, m
ath
an
d s
cien
ce. B
etw
een
80
– 9
0%
of l
earn
ers
shou
ld
com
ple
te 12
yea
rs o
f sc
hoo
ling
an
d o
r vo
cati
onal
ed
uca
tion
wit
h a
t le
ast
80%
su
cces
sfu
lly p
assi
ng
th
e ex
it e
xam
s.•
Era
dic
ate
infr
astr
uct
ure
b
ackl
ogs
and
en
sure
th
at a
ll sc
hoo
ls m
eet
the
min
imu
m s
tan
dar
ds
by
2016
.
• A
cre
dib
le o
utc
omes
-fo
cuse
d p
lan
nin
g a
nd
ac
cou
nta
bili
ty s
yste
m
(bu
ildin
g t
he
cap
acit
y of
th
e st
ate
to in
terv
ene
and
su
pp
ort
qu
alit
y ed
uca
tion
.•
Par
tner
ship
s fo
r a
stro
ng
ed
uca
tion
sys
tem
.
4.7
B
y 20
30, e
nsu
re t
hat
all
lear
ner
s ac
qu
ire
the
know
led
ge
and
ski
lls n
eed
ed to
pro
mot
e su
stai
nab
le d
evel
opm
ent,
incl
ud
ing
, am
ong
ot
her
s, t
hro
ug
h e
du
cati
on fo
r su
stai
nab
le
dev
elop
men
t an
d s
ust
ain
able
life
styl
es, h
um
an
rig
hts
, gen
der
eq
ual
ity,
pro
mot
ion
of a
cu
ltu
re
of p
eace
an
d n
on-v
iole
nce
, glo
bal
cit
izen
ship
an
d a
pp
reci
atio
n o
f cu
ltu
ral d
iver
sity
an
d c
ult
ure
’s c
ontr
ibu
tion
to s
ust
ain
able
d
evel
opm
ent.
4.a
B
uild
an
d u
pg
rad
e ed
uca
tion
faci
litie
s th
at
are
child
, dis
abili
ty a
nd
gen
der
sen
siti
ve
and
pro
vid
e sa
fe, n
on-v
iole
nt,
incl
usi
ve a
nd
ef
fect
ive
lear
nin
g e
nvi
ron
men
ts fo
r al
l.5.
b
En
han
ce t
he
use
of e
nab
ling
tech
nol
ogy,
in
par
ticu
lar
info
rmat
ion
an
d c
omm
un
icat
ion
s te
chn
olog
y, to
pro
mot
e th
e em
pow
erm
ent
of
wom
en.
8.2
Ach
ieve
hig
her
leve
ls o
f eco
nom
ic p
rod
uct
ivit
y th
rou
gh
div
ersi
fica
tion
, tec
hn
olog
ical
u
pg
rad
ing
an
d in
nov
atio
n, i
ncl
ud
ing
th
rou
gh
a
focu
s on
hig
h-v
alu
e ad
ded
an
d la
bou
r-in
ten
sive
sec
tors
.
3.11
.1 D
emoc
racy
an
d
Goo
d G
over
nan
ce3.
11.2
H
um
an R
igh
ts,
Just
ice
and
Th
e R
ule
of L
aw3.
12.2
P
arti
cip
ator
y D
evel
opm
ent
and
Lo
cal G
over
nan
ce6.
17.1
Wom
en a
nd
Gir
ls
Em
pow
erm
ent
6.18
E
ng
aged
Yo
uth
Em
pow
erm
ent
and
Ch
ildre
n7.
19.1
Afr
ica’
s p
lace
in
glo
bal
aff
airs
.7.
19.2
P
artn
ersh
ip7.
20.1
Afr
ican
Cap
ital
m
arke
t7.
20.2
Fis
cal s
yste
m a
nd
P
ub
lic S
ecto
r R
even
ues
7.20
.3 D
evel
opm
ent
Ass
ista
nce
87
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utc
ome
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63
Asp
iratio
ns
IMP
RO
VIN
G E
DU
CA
TIO
N,
TRA
ININ
G A
ND
INN
OVA
TIO
NO
utc
ome
1: Q
ual
ity b
asic
ed
uca
tion
an
d s
kills
Dire
ctly
imp
acte
d
prio
ritie
s
• E
xpan
d t
he
colle
ge
syst
em
wit
h a
focu
s on
imp
rovi
ng
q
ual
ity.
Bet
ter
qu
alit
y w
ill b
uild
con
fid
ence
in
the
colle
ge
sect
or a
nd
at
trac
t m
ore
lear
ner
s.
The
reco
mm
end
ed
par
tici
pat
ion
rat
e of
25%
w
ould
acc
omm
odat
e ab
out
1.25
mill
ion
en
rolm
ents
.•
Pro
vid
e 1 m
illio
n le
arn
ing
op
por
tun
itie
s th
rou
gh
C
omm
un
ity
Ed
uca
tion
an
d
Trai
nin
g C
entr
es.
• Im
pro
ve t
he
thro
ug
hp
ut
rate
to 8
0%
by
2030
.•
Pro
du
ce 3
0 0
00
art
isan
s p
er y
ear.
• In
crea
se e
nro
lmen
t at
u
niv
ersi
ties
by
at le
ast
70%
b
y 20
30 s
o th
at e
nro
lmen
ts
incr
ease
to a
bou
t 1.6
2 m
illio
n f
rom
950
00
0 in
20
10.
9.5
En
han
ce s
cien
tifi
c re
sear
ch, u
pg
rad
e th
e te
chn
olog
ical
cap
abili
ties
of i
nd
ust
rial
sec
tors
in
all
cou
ntr
ies,
in p
arti
cula
r d
evel
opin
g
cou
ntr
ies,
incl
ud
ing
, by
2030
, en
cou
rag
ing
in
nov
atio
n a
nd
su
bst
anti
ally
incr
easi
ng
th
e n
um
ber
of r
esea
rch
an
d d
evel
opm
ent
wor
kers
p
er 1
mill
ion
peo
ple
an
d p
ub
lic a
nd
pri
vate
re
sear
ch a
nd
dev
elop
men
t sp
end
ing
.9.
b
Sup
por
t d
omes
tic
tech
nol
ogy
dev
elop
men
t, re
sear
ch a
nd
inn
ovat
ion
in d
evel
opin
g
cou
ntr
ies,
incl
ud
ing
by
ensu
rin
g a
con
du
cive
p
olic
y en
viro
nm
ent
for,
inte
r al
ia, i
nd
ust
rial
d
iver
sifi
cati
on a
nd
val
ue
add
itio
n to
co
mm
odit
ies.
9.c
Sig
nifi
can
tly
incr
ease
acc
ess
to in
form
atio
n
and
com
mu
nic
atio
ns
tech
nol
ogy
and
str
ive
to
pro
vid
e u
niv
ersa
l an
d a
ffor
dab
le a
cces
s to
th
e In
tern
et in
leas
t d
evel
oped
cou
ntr
ies
by
2020
.
88
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63
Asp
irati
ons
IMP
RO
VIN
G E
DU
CA
TIO
N,
TRA
ININ
G A
ND
INN
OV
ATI
ON
Out
com
e 1:
Qua
lity
basi
c ed
ucat
ion
an
d s
kills
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
p
riorit
ies
• In
crea
se t
he
nu
mb
er o
f st
ud
ents
elig
ible
to s
tud
y to
war
ds
mat
h a
nd
sci
ence
-b
ased
deg
rees
to 4
50 0
00
b
y 20
30.
• In
crea
se t
he
per
cen
tag
e of
P
hD
qu
alifi
ed s
taff
in t
he
hig
her
ed
uca
tion
sec
tor
from
th
e cu
rren
t 34
% to
ov
er 7
5% b
y 20
30.
• P
rod
uce
mor
e th
an 10
0
doc
tora
l gra
du
ates
per
m
illio
n p
er y
ear
by
2030
. Th
at im
plie
s an
incr
ease
fr
om 14
20 in
20
10 to
wel
l ov
er 5
00
0 a
yea
r.•
Exp
and
sci
ence
, tec
hn
olog
y an
d in
nov
atio
n o
utp
uts
by
incr
easi
ng
rese
arch
an
d
dev
elop
men
t sp
end
ing
b
y th
e g
over
nm
ent
and
th
rou
gh
en
cou
rag
ing
in
du
stry
to d
o so
.
89
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
Objectives
The key objectives include:• To increase the average male and female
life expectancy at birth to 70 years by progressively improving TB prevention and cure.
• To reduce maternal, infant and child mortality; to significantly reduce the prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases.
• To reduce injury, accidents and violence by 50% from 2010 levels.
• To deploy primary health care teams to provide care to families and communities.
• To provide greater access to an equal standard of care, regardless of people’s income.
• To fill posts with skilled, committed and competent individuals.
Actions
For these objectives to be achieved, the NDP proposes the following actions:• Address the social determinants that affect
health and disease.• Prevent and reduce the disease burden.• Implement a National Health Insurance
programme and build human resources in the health sector.
• Bring in additional capacity and expertise to strengthen the health system at the district level.
• Implement a national health information
system to ensure that all parts of the system have the required information to achieve their responsibilities effectively;
• Put in place a human resource strategy with national norms and standards for staffing, linked to a package of care.
• Determine the minimum qualifications for hospital managers.
• Prevent and control epidemic burdens through deterring and treating HIV/AIDS, new epidemics and alcohol abuse.
• Improve the allocation of resources and the availability of health personnel in the public sector.
• Improve the quality of care, operational efficiency, health worker morale and leadership and innovation.
• Accelerate the production of community health specialists in the five main specialist areas (medicine, surgery, including anaesthetics, obstetrics, paediatrics, and psychiatry) and train more nurses.
• Recruit, train and deploy 700 000 community health workers to implement community-based primary health care.
• There exists a very strong convergence between the objectives actions spelt out under this priority area with the SDG target 1.1, 1.2 and 1.4; all the targets under SDG 3 and SDG 5.6. A healthy population is one of the key drivers of Agenda 2063, hence this chapter resonates to AU Agenda 2063 Aspiration 1, 3, 4 6 and 7
NDP CHAPTER 10 - HEALTH CARE FOR ALL
Figure 12: Health care for all and its alignment to the SDGs and Agenda 2063
AU 2063 SDGs
ND
P O
bje
ctiv
e
Number of SDG and AU 2063 targets addressed
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Life expectancy increase
Reduce maternal, infant and child mortality
Reduce prevalence on non-communicable
Reduce injury, acccidents and violencee
Deploy primary health care teams
Access to care
Fill posts with skilled workers
90
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63
Asp
irati
ons
HEA
LTH
CA
RE
FOR
ALL
Out
com
e 2:
A lo
ng
an
d
hea
lthy
life
for a
ll So
uth
A
fric
ans
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
prio
ritie
s
• In
crea
se t
he
aver
age
mal
e an
d fe
mal
e lif
e ex
pec
tan
cy
at b
irth
to 7
0 y
ears
.•
Pro
gre
ssiv
ely
imp
rove
TB
p
reve
nti
on a
nd
cu
re.
• R
edu
ce m
ater
nal
, in
fan
t an
d c
hild
mor
talit
y.•
Sig
nifi
can
tly
red
uce
th
e p
reva
len
ce o
f non
- co
mm
un
icab
le c
hro
nic
d
isea
ses.
• R
edu
ce in
jury
, acc
iden
ts
and
vio
len
ce b
y 50
% f
rom
20
10 le
vels
.•
Dep
loy
pri
mar
y h
ealt
h
care
team
s p
rovi
de
care
to
fam
ilies
an
d c
omm
un
itie
s.•
Eve
ryon
e m
ust
hav
e ac
cess
to
an
eq
ual
sta
nd
ard
of
care
, reg
ard
less
of t
hei
r in
com
e.•
Fill
pos
ts w
ith
ski
lled
, co
mm
itte
d a
nd
com
pet
ent
ind
ivid
ual
s.
• U
niv
ersa
l Hea
lth
co
vera
ge
pro
gre
ssiv
ely
ach
ieve
d t
hro
ug
h t
he
imp
lem
enta
tion
of N
atio
nal
H
ealt
h In
sura
nce
.•
Imp
rove
d q
ual
ity
of h
ealt
h
care
.•
Imp
lem
ent
the
re-
eng
inee
rin
g o
fP
rim
ary
Hea
lth
Car
e.•
Red
uce
d h
ealt
h c
are
cost
s.•
Imp
rove
d h
um
an re
sou
rces
fo
r h
ealt
h.
• Im
pro
ved
hea
lth
m
anag
emen
t an
d
lead
ersh
ip.
• Im
pro
ved
hea
lth
faci
lity
pla
nn
ing
an
d in
fras
tru
ctu
re
dev
elop
men
t.•
HIV
AID
S an
d T
B p
reve
nte
d
and
su
cces
sfu
lly m
anag
ed.
1.1
By
2030
, era
dic
ate
extr
eme
pov
erty
for
all
peo
ple
eve
ryw
her
e, c
urr
entl
y m
easu
red
as
peo
ple
livi
ng
on
less
th
an $
1.25
a d
ay.
1.2
By
2030
, red
uce
at
leas
t b
y h
alf t
he
pro
por
tion
of m
en, w
omen
an
d c
hild
ren
of
all a
ges
livi
ng
in p
over
ty in
all
its
dim
ensi
ons
acco
rdin
g to
nat
ion
al d
efin
itio
ns.
1.4 B
y 20
30, e
nsu
re t
hat
all
men
an
d w
omen
, in
par
ticu
lar
the
poo
r an
d t
he
vuln
erab
le,
hav
e eq
ual
rig
hts
to e
con
omic
reso
urc
es, a
s w
ell a
s ac
cess
to b
asic
ser
vice
s, o
wn
ersh
ip
and
con
trol
ove
r la
nd
an
d o
ther
form
s of
p
rop
erty
, in
her
itan
ce, n
atu
ral r
esou
rces
, ap
pro
pri
ate
new
tech
nol
ogy
and
fin
anci
al
serv
ices
, in
clu
din
g m
icro
fin
ance
.3.
1 B
y 20
30, r
edu
ce t
he
glo
bal
mat
ern
al
mor
talit
y ra
tio
to le
ss t
han
70
per
100,
00
0
live
bir
ths.
3.2
By
2030
, en
d p
reve
nta
ble
dea
ths
of
new
bor
ns
and
ch
ildre
n u
nd
er 5
yea
rs o
f ag
e,
wit
h a
ll co
un
trie
s ai
min
g to
red
uce
neo
nat
al
mor
talit
y to
at
leas
t as
low
as
12 p
er 1,
00
0
live
bir
ths
and
un
der
-5 m
orta
lity
to a
t le
ast
as lo
w a
s 25
per
1,0
00
live
bir
ths.
Inco
mes
, Job
s an
d d
ecen
t w
ork
1.1.2
P
over
ty, I
neq
ual
ity
and
Hu
ng
er1.1
.4
Mod
ern
an
d L
ivab
le
Hab
itat
s an
d B
asic
Q
ual
ity
Serv
ices
1.3.1
Hea
lth
an
d N
utr
itio
n2.
8.1
Fram
ewor
k an
d
Inst
itu
tion
s fo
r a
Un
ited
Afr
ica
3.11
.1 D
emoc
racy
an
d
Goo
d G
over
nan
ceH
um
an R
igh
ts, J
ust
ice
and
Th
e R
ule
of L
aw3.
12.1
Inst
itu
tion
s an
d
Lead
ersh
ip4
.14.1
Inst
itu
tion
al
stru
ctu
re fo
r A
U
Inst
rum
ents
on
P
eace
an
d S
ecu
rity
Tab
le 11
: A
lign
men
t of
ND
P C
hap
ter
10 o
bje
ctiv
es w
ith
th
e M
TSF,
SD
G t
arg
ets
and
Ag
end
a 20
63
91
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63
Asp
irati
ons
HEA
LTH
CA
RE
FOR
ALL
Out
com
e 2:
A lo
ng
an
d
hea
lthy
life
for a
ll So
uth
A
fric
ans
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
prio
ritie
s
• M
ater
nal
, in
fan
t an
d c
hild
m
orta
lity
red
uce
d.
• E
ffici
ent
Hea
lth
M
anag
emen
t In
form
atio
n
Syst
em d
evel
oped
an
d
imp
lem
ente
d fo
r im
pro
ved
d
ecis
ion
mak
ing
.
3.3
3.3
By
2030
, en
d t
he
epid
emic
s of
AID
S,
tub
ercu
losi
s, m
alar
ia a
nd
neg
lect
ed t
rop
ical
d
isea
ses
and
com
bat
hep
atit
is, w
ater
-bor
ne
dis
ease
s an
d o
ther
com
mu
nic
able
dis
ease
s.3.
4
By
2030
, red
uce
by
one-
thir
d p
rem
atu
re
mor
talit
y fr
om n
on-c
omm
un
icab
le d
isea
ses
thro
ug
h p
reve
nti
on a
nd
tre
atm
ent
and
p
rom
ote
men
tal h
ealt
h a
nd
wel
lbei
ng
.3.
5 St
ren
gth
en t
he
pre
ven
tion
an
d t
reat
men
t of
su
bst
ance
ab
use
, in
clu
din
g n
arco
tic
dru
g
abu
se a
nd
har
mfu
l use
of a
lcoh
ol.
3.6
By
2020
, hal
ve t
he
nu
mb
er o
f glo
bal
dea
ths
and
inju
ries
fro
m ro
ad t
raffi
c ac
cid
ents
.3.
7 B
y 20
30, e
nsu
re u
niv
ersa
l acc
ess
to s
exu
al
and
rep
rod
uct
ive
hea
lth
car
e se
rvic
es,
incl
ud
ing
for
fam
ily p
lan
nin
g, i
nfo
rmat
ion
an
d e
du
cati
on, a
nd
th
e in
teg
rati
on o
f re
pro
du
ctiv
e h
ealt
h in
to n
atio
nal
str
ateg
ies
and
pro
gra
mm
es.
3.8
Ach
ieve
un
iver
sal h
ealt
h c
over
age,
incl
ud
ing
fi
nan
cial
ris
k p
rote
ctio
n, a
cces
s to
qu
alit
y es
sen
tial
hea
lth
-car
e se
rvic
es a
nd
acc
ess
to s
afe,
eff
ecti
ve, q
ual
ity
and
aff
ord
able
es
sen
tial
med
icin
es a
nd
vac
cin
es fo
r al
l.
You
th E
mp
ower
men
t an
d
Ch
ildre
n7.
19.1
Afr
ica’
s p
lace
in
glo
bal
aff
airs
.7.
20.1
Afr
ican
Cap
ital
m
arke
t7.
20.2
Fis
cal s
yste
m a
nd
P
ub
lic S
ecto
r R
even
ues
7.20
.3 D
evel
opm
ent
Ass
ista
nce
92
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63 A
spira
tion
s
HEA
LTH
CA
RE
FOR
ALL
Out
com
e 2:
A lo
ng
an
d
hea
lthy
life
for a
ll So
uth
A
fric
ans
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
p
riorit
ies
5.6
En
sure
un
iver
sal a
cces
s to
sex
ual
an
d
rep
rod
uct
ive
hea
lth
an
d re
pro
du
ctiv
e ri
gh
ts
as a
gre
ed in
acc
ord
ance
wit
h t
he
Pro
gra
mm
e of
Act
ion
of t
he
Inte
rnat
ion
al C
onfe
ren
ce o
n
Pop
ula
tion
an
d D
evel
opm
ent
and
th
e B
eijin
g
Pla
tfor
m fo
r A
ctio
n a
nd
th
e ou
tcom
e d
ocu
men
ts
of t
hei
r re
view
con
fere
nce
s.
93
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
Objectives
Social exclusion was one of the hallmarks of the pre-1994 political dispensation, which resulted in creating one of the most unequal societies in the world. To address this, a far-reaching, broad-based social protection system was a key priority of the NDP. To this end, the objectives of the social protection programme of the Government include the following:• To ensure progressively and through
multiple avenues that no one lives below a defined minimum social floor.
• To ensure all children enjoy services and benefits aimed at facilitating access to nutrition, health care, education, social care and safety.
• To address problems such as hunger, malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies that affect physical growth and cognitive development, especially among children.
• To address the skills deficit in the social welfare sector.
• To provide support to the unemployed through various active labour market initiatives such as public works programmes, training and skills development, and other labour market-related incentives.
• To ensure that all working individuals make adequate provision for retirement through mandated savings while the state provides measures to make pensions safe and sustainable.
• To ensure that social protection systems respond to the growth of temporary and part-time contracts, and the increasing importance of self-employment and establish mechanisms to cover the risks associated with such.
• To create an effective social welfare system that delivers better results for vulnerable groups, with the state playing a larger role
compared to when the Diagnostic Report was launched.
Actions
The actions are as follows:• Together with social partners such as
CSOs, determine a social floor that can be progressively realised through rising employment, higher earnings and social grants and other aspects of the social wage.
• There should be an increase in the supply of four categories of social service professionals to 55 000, to respond to the demand for appropriate basic social welfare services, i.e. social workers, auxiliary or assistant social workers, community development workers, and child and youth care workers.
• The main elements of a comprehensive food security and nutrition strategy should be identified while incentives that encourage a culture of individual saving for risks and loss of income due to old age, illness, injury or loss of work for workers in both the formal and informal sectors should be created.
• Explore designs of a mixture of financing and institutional frameworks that enables those in the informal economy to participate in contributory social insurance schemes.
NDP CHAPTER 11 - SOCIAL PROTECTION
94
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
• Mechanisms and incentives to assist the unemployed to access the labour market should be pursued
• There should be an expansion of existing public employment initiatives to create opportunities for the unemployed.
• A consolidated institutional framework that supports coherent policy implementation, integrated social security administration, and effective regulation and oversight of the system should be developed.
This NDP chapter has a strong alignment to SDG 1, SDG 2, SDG 4 and SDG 10 as described in the figure below. Aspiration 1, 4 and 6 are premised on pulling Africans out of extreme poverty through various means. Social protection is one of the main conduits for resources to reach those who lie in extreme poverty.
Figure 13: Social protection - alignment of NDP to SDGs and Agenda 2063
AU 2063 SDGs
ND
P O
bje
ctiv
e
Number of SDG and AU 2063 targets addressed
0 2 4 6 8 10
No one below minimum social floor
Children access to basic social services
Address hunger, malnutrition
Address skills deficit
Income support to the enemployed
Retirement savings programme
Social protection is progressive
Effective social welfare system
95
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63
Asp
irati
ons
SOC
IAL
PR
OTE
CTI
ON
Out
com
e 13
: Aco
mp
reh
ensi
ve, r
esp
onsi
ve
and
sus
tain
able
soc
ial
pro
tect
ion
sys
tem
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
p
riorit
ies
• E
nsu
re p
rog
ress
ivel
y an
d
thro
ug
h m
ult
iple
ave
nu
es
that
no
one
lives
bel
ow a
d
efin
ed m
inim
um
soc
ial
floor
.•
All
child
ren
sh
ould
en
joy
serv
ices
an
d b
enefi
ts
aim
ed a
t fa
cilit
atin
g a
cces
s to
nu
trit
ion
, hea
lth
car
e,
edu
cati
on, s
ocia
l car
e an
d
safe
ty.
• A
dd
ress
pro
ble
ms
such
as
hu
ng
er, m
aln
utr
itio
n a
nd
m
icro
nu
trie
nt
defi
cien
cies
th
at a
ffec
t p
hys
ical
g
row
th a
nd
cog
nit
ive
dev
elop
men
t, es
pec
ially
am
ong
ch
ildre
n.
• A
dd
ress
th
e sk
ills
defi
cit
in
the
soci
al w
elfa
re s
ecto
r.
• St
ren
gth
enin
g s
ocia
l w
elfa
re d
eliv
ery
thro
ug
h
leg
isla
tive
, pol
icy
refo
rms;
ca
pac
ity
bu
ildin
g.
• Im
pro
ved
qu
alit
y an
d
acce
ss to
Ear
ly C
hild
hoo
d
Dev
elop
men
t Se
rvic
es fo
r ch
ildre
n a
ged
0-4
.•
Stre
ng
then
ed c
omm
un
ity
dev
elop
men
t in
terv
enti
ons.
• D
eep
enin
g s
ocia
l as
sist
ance
an
d e
xpan
din
g
acce
ss to
soc
ial s
ecu
rity
.•
Op
tim
al s
yste
ms
to
stre
ng
then
coo
rdin
atio
n,
inte
gra
tion
, pla
nn
ing
, m
onit
orin
g a
nd
eva
luat
ion
of
soc
ial p
rote
ctio
n
serv
ices
.
1.1
By
2030
, era
dic
ate
extr
eme
pov
erty
for
all
peo
ple
eve
ryw
her
e, c
urr
entl
y m
easu
red
as
peo
ple
livi
ng
on
less
th
an $
1.25
a d
ay.
1.2
By
2030
, red
uce
at
leas
t b
y h
alf t
he
pro
por
tion
of
men
, wom
en a
nd
ch
ildre
n o
f all
ages
livi
ng
in
pov
erty
in a
ll it
s d
imen
sion
s ac
cord
ing
to
nat
ion
al d
efin
itio
ns.
1.3
Imp
lem
ent
nat
ion
ally
ap
pro
pri
ate
soci
al
pro
tect
ion
sys
tem
s an
d m
easu
res
for
all,
incl
ud
ing
floo
rs, a
nd
by
2030
ach
ieve
su
bst
anti
al c
over
age
of t
he
poo
r an
d t
he
vuln
erab
le.
1.4
By
2030
, en
sure
th
at a
ll m
en a
nd
wom
en, i
n
par
ticu
lar
the
poo
r an
d t
he
vuln
erab
le, h
ave
equ
al r
igh
ts to
eco
nom
ic re
sou
rces
, as
wel
l as
acc
ess
to b
asic
ser
vice
s, o
wn
ersh
ip a
nd
co
ntr
ol o
ver
lan
d a
nd
oth
er fo
rms
of p
rop
erty
, in
her
itan
ce, n
atu
ral r
esou
rces
, ap
pro
pri
ate
new
te
chn
olog
y an
d fi
nan
cial
ser
vice
s, in
clu
din
g
mic
rofi
nan
ce.
Inco
mes
, Job
s an
d
dec
ent
wor
k1.1
.2
Pov
erty
, In
equ
alit
y an
d H
un
ger
1.1.3
So
cial
sec
uri
ty
and
pro
tect
ion
In
clu
din
g P
erso
ns
wit
h D
isab
iliti
es1.4
.1 Su
stai
nab
le
and
incl
usi
ve
econ
omic
gro
wth
2.9.
1 Fi
nan
cial
an
d
Mon
etar
y In
stit
uti
ons
3.11
.1 D
emoc
racy
an
d
Goo
d G
over
nan
ce3.
11.2
H
um
an R
igh
ts,
Just
ice
and
Th
e R
ule
of L
aw
Tab
le 10
: Alig
nm
ent
of N
DP
Ch
apte
r 11
ob
ject
ives
wit
h t
he
MTS
F, S
DG
s an
d A
gen
da
2063
96
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63
Asp
irati
ons
SOC
IAL
PR
OTE
CTI
ON
Out
com
e 13
: Aco
mp
reh
ensi
ve, r
esp
onsi
ve
and
sus
tain
able
soc
ial
pro
tect
ion
sys
tem
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
p
riorit
ies
• A
dd
ress
th
e sk
ills
defi
cit
in
the
soci
al w
elfa
re s
ecto
r.•
Pro
vid
e in
com
e su
pp
ort
to
the
un
emp
loye
d t
hro
ug
h
vari
ous
acti
ve la
bou
r m
arke
t in
itia
tive
s su
ch a
s p
ub
lic w
orks
pro
gra
mm
es,
trai
nin
g a
nd
ski
lls
dev
elop
men
t, an
d o
ther
la
bou
r m
arke
t-re
late
d
ince
nti
ves.
• A
ll w
orki
ng
ind
ivid
ual
s sh
ould
mak
e ad
equ
ate
pro
visi
on fo
r re
tire
men
t th
rou
gh
man
dat
ed
savi
ng
s. T
he
stat
e sh
ould
p
rovi
de
mea
sure
s to
m
ake
pen
sion
s sa
fe a
nd
su
stai
nab
le.
1.b
Cre
ate
sou
nd
pol
icy
fram
ewor
ks a
t th
e n
atio
nal
, reg
ion
al a
nd
inte
rnat
ion
al le
vels
, b
ased
on
pro
-poo
r an
d g
end
er-s
ensi
tive
d
evel
opm
ent
stra
teg
ies,
to s
up
por
t ac
cele
rate
d
inve
stm
ent
in p
over
ty e
rad
icat
ion
act
ion
s.2.
1 B
y 20
30, e
nd
hu
ng
er a
nd
en
sure
acc
ess
by
all
peo
ple
, in
par
ticu
lar
the
poo
r an
d p
eop
le in
vu
lner
able
sit
uat
ion
s, in
clu
din
g in
fan
ts, t
o sa
fe,
nu
trit
iou
s an
d s
uffi
cien
t fo
od a
ll ye
ar ro
un
d.
2.2
By
2030
, en
d a
ll fo
rms
of m
aln
utr
itio
n,
incl
ud
ing
ach
ievi
ng
, by
2025
, th
e in
tern
atio
nal
ly a
gre
ed t
arg
ets
on s
tun
tin
g a
nd
w
asti
ng
in c
hild
ren
un
der
5 y
ears
of a
ge,
an
d
add
ress
th
e n
utr
itio
nal
nee
ds
of a
dol
esce
nt
gir
ls, p
reg
nan
t an
d la
ctat
ing
wom
en a
nd
old
er
per
son
s.4
.1 B
y 20
30, e
nsu
re t
hat
all
gir
ls a
nd
boy
s co
mp
lete
fre
e, e
qu
itab
le a
nd
qu
alit
y p
rim
ary
and
sec
ond
ary
edu
cati
on, l
ead
ing
to re
leva
nt
and
eff
ecti
ve le
arn
ing
ou
tcom
es.
4.2
B
y 20
30, e
nsu
re t
hat
all
gir
ls a
nd
boy
s h
ave
acce
ss to
qu
alit
y ea
rly
child
hoo
d d
evel
opm
ent,
care
an
d p
re-p
rim
ary
edu
cati
on s
o th
at t
hey
ar
e re
ady
for
pri
mar
y ed
uca
tion
.
3.12
.1 In
stit
uti
ons
and
Le
ader
ship
4.13
.1 M
ain
ten
ance
an
d P
rese
rvat
ion
of
Pea
ce a
nd
Se
curi
ty4
.14.1
Inst
itu
tion
al
stru
ctu
re fo
r A
U In
stru
men
ts
on P
eace
an
d
Secu
rity
6.17
.1 W
omen
an
d G
irls
E
mp
ower
men
t6.
17.2
Vio
len
ce &
D
iscr
imin
atio
n
agai
nst
Wom
en
and
Gir
ls6.
18.1
You
th
Em
pow
erm
ent
and
Ch
ildre
n7.
20.1
Afr
ican
Cap
ital
m
arke
t7.
20.3
Dev
elop
men
t A
ssis
tan
ce
97
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63
Asp
irati
ons
SOC
IAL
PR
OTE
CTI
ON
Out
com
e 13
: Aco
mp
reh
ensi
ve, r
esp
onsi
ve
and
sus
tain
able
soc
ial
pro
tect
ion
sys
tem
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
p
riorit
ies
• So
cial
pro
tect
ion
sys
tem
s m
ust
resp
ond
to t
he
gro
wth
of t
emp
orar
y an
d
par
t-ti
me
con
trac
ts, a
nd
th
e in
crea
sin
g im
por
tan
ce
of s
elf-
emp
loym
ent
and
es
tab
lish
mec
han
ism
s to
co
ver
the
risk
s as
soci
ated
w
ith
su
ch.
• C
reat
e an
eff
ecti
ve s
ocia
l w
elfa
re s
yste
m t
hat
d
eliv
ers
bet
ter
resu
lts
for
vuln
erab
le g
rou
ps,
w
ith
th
e st
ate
pla
yin
g a
la
rger
role
com
par
ed to
n
ow. C
ivil
soci
ety
shou
ld
com
ple
men
t g
over
nm
ent
init
iati
ves.
4.4
B
y 20
30, s
ub
stan
tial
ly in
crea
se t
he
nu
mb
er
of y
outh
an
d a
du
lts
wh
o h
ave
rele
van
t sk
ills,
incl
ud
ing
tech
nic
al a
nd
voc
atio
nal
sk
ills,
for
emp
loym
ent,
dec
ent
job
s an
d
entr
epre
neu
rsh
ip.
4.5
B
y 20
30, e
limin
ate
gen
der
dis
par
itie
s in
ed
uca
tion
an
d e
nsu
re e
qu
al a
cces
s to
all
leve
ls
of e
du
cati
on a
nd
voc
atio
nal
tra
inin
g fo
r th
e vu
lner
able
, in
clu
din
g p
erso
ns
wit
h d
isab
iliti
es,
ind
igen
ous
peo
ple
s an
d c
hild
ren
in v
uln
erab
le
situ
atio
ns.
4.6
B
y 20
30, e
nsu
re t
hat
all
you
th a
nd
a s
ub
stan
tial
p
rop
orti
on o
f ad
ult
s, b
oth
men
an
d w
omen
, ac
hie
ve li
tera
cy a
nd
nu
mer
acy.
10.1
By
2030
, pro
gre
ssiv
ely
ach
ieve
an
d s
ust
ain
in
com
e g
row
th o
f th
e b
otto
m 4
0%
of t
he
pop
ula
tion
at
a ra
te h
igh
er t
han
th
e n
atio
nal
av
erag
e.10
.4 A
dop
t p
olic
ies,
esp
ecia
lly fi
scal
, wag
e an
d
soci
al p
rote
ctio
n p
olic
ies,
an
d p
rog
ress
ivel
y ac
hie
ve g
reat
er e
qu
alit
y.
98
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
Objective
Chapter 12 objectives are as follows:• To achieve safer communities by 2030;
people living in South Africa will feel safe and have no fear of crime at home, at school and at work, and enjoy an active community life free of fear.
• To enable women to walk freely in the street and children to play safely outside.
• To ensure that the police service is a well-resourced professional institution staffed by highly skilled officers who value their work, serve the community, safeguard lives and property without discrimination, protect the peaceful against violence, and respect the rights of all to equality and justice.
Actions
The actions for these objectives are as follows:• Safety audits should be done in all
communities focusing on crime and safety conditions of the most vulnerable in the community, and all schools should have learner safety plans
• The police force should be demilitarised,
and all police personnel should be trained in professional police ethics and practice.
• Increase community participation in crime prevention and safety initiatives.
• The National Rural Safety Strategy Plan must be implemented in high-risk areas involving all roleplayers and stakeholders.
• Compulsory community service must be extended to all law graduates to enhance access to justice and provide work opportunities for graduate lawyers.
These aspirations will be implemented through Outcome 3 of the MTSF and are addressed by SDG 3 – Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages - targets 3.5, 3.6 and 3.7. There is also strong congruence with SDG target 5.1, 5.2, 10.7 and all targets in SDG 16. The chapter contributes to 18 SDG targets. Aspiration 4 and 6 of the AU Agenda 2063 are directly linked to chapter 12 of the NDP. The NDP emphasises that the transformation of the economy should involve the active participation and empowerment of women. Additionally, it proposes a range of measures to achieve gender equality. The plan prioritises the safety and protection of women and children.
NDP CHAPTER 12 - BUILDING SAFER COMMUNITIES
99
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63
Asp
irati
ons
BU
ILD
ING
SAFE
R C
OM
MU
NIT
IES
Out
com
e 3:
All
peo
ple
inSo
uth
Afr
ica
are
and
feel
saf
eD
irect
ly im
pact
ed
prio
ritie
s
• In
203
0 p
eop
le li
vin
g in
So
uth
Afr
ica
feel
saf
e an
d
hav
e n
o fe
ar o
f cri
me.
Th
ey
feel
saf
e at
hom
e, a
t sc
hoo
l an
d a
t w
ork,
an
d t
hey
en
joy
an a
ctiv
e co
mm
un
ity
life
free
of f
ear.
• W
omen
can
wal
k fr
eely
in
the
stre
et, a
nd
th
e ch
ildre
n
can
pla
y sa
fely
ou
tsid
e.•
The
pol
ice
serv
ice
is a
wel
l-re
sou
rced
pro
fess
ion
al
inst
itu
tion
sta
ffed
by
hig
hly
ski
lled
offi
cers
wh
o va
lue
thei
r w
ork,
ser
ve t
he
com
mu
nit
y, s
afeg
uar
d
lives
an
d p
rop
erty
wit
hou
t d
iscr
imin
atio
n, p
rote
ct t
he
pea
cefu
l ag
ain
st v
iole
nce
, an
d re
spec
t th
e ri
gh
ts o
f all
to e
qu
alit
y an
d ju
stic
e.
• R
edu
ced
leve
ls o
f con
tact
cr
ime.
• A
n e
ffici
ent
and
eff
ecti
ve
crim
inal
just
ice
syst
em.
• So
uth
Afr
ica’
s b
ord
ers
effe
ctiv
ely
def
end
ed,
pro
tect
ed, s
ecu
red
, an
d
wel
l-man
aged
.•
Secu
re c
yber
spac
e.•
En
sure
dom
esti
c st
abili
ty.
• Id
enti
ty o
f all
per
son
s in
So
uth
Afr
ica
know
n a
nd
sec
ure
d.
• C
orru
pti
on in
th
e p
ub
lic
and
pri
vate
sec
tors
re
du
ced
.
3.5
Stre
ng
then
th
e p
reve
nti
on a
nd
tre
atm
ent
of s
ub
stan
ce a
bu
se, i
ncl
ud
ing
nar
coti
c d
rug
ab
use
an
d h
arm
ful u
se o
f alc
ohol
.3.
6 B
y 20
20, h
alve
th
e n
um
ber
of g
lob
al d
eath
s an
d in
juri
es f
rom
road
tra
ffic
acci
den
ts.
3.7
By
2030
, en
sure
un
iver
sal a
cces
s to
sex
ual
an
d
rep
rod
uct
ive
hea
lth
car
e se
rvic
es, i
ncl
ud
ing
for
fam
ily p
lan
nin
g, i
nfo
rmat
ion
an
d e
du
cati
on,
and
th
e in
teg
rati
on o
f rep
rod
uct
ive
hea
lth
into
n
atio
nal
str
ateg
ies
and
pro
gra
mm
es.
5.1
En
d a
ll fo
rms
of d
iscr
imin
atio
n a
gai
nst
all
wom
en a
nd
gir
ls e
very
wh
ere.
10.7
Fac
ilita
te o
rder
ly, s
afe,
reg
ula
r an
d re
spon
sib
le
mig
rati
on a
nd
mob
ility
of p
eop
le, i
ncl
ud
ing
th
rou
gh
th
e im
ple
men
tati
on o
f pla
nn
ed a
nd
w
ell-
man
aged
mig
rati
on p
olic
ies.
16.1
Sig
nifi
can
tly
red
uce
all
form
s of
vio
len
ce a
nd
re
late
d d
eath
rat
es e
very
wh
ere.
16.2
En
d a
bu
se, e
xplo
itat
ion
, tra
ffick
ing
an
d a
ll fo
rms
of v
iole
nce
ag
ain
st a
nd
tort
ure
of
child
ren
.16
.3 P
rom
ote
the
rule
of l
aw a
t th
e n
atio
nal
an
d
inte
rnat
ion
al le
vels
an
d e
nsu
re e
qu
al a
cces
s to
ju
stic
e fo
r al
l.
1.1.4
M
oder
n a
nd
Li
vab
le H
abit
ats
and
Bas
ic Q
ual
ity
Serv
ices
1.4.4
H
osp
ital
ity/
Tou
rism
2.8.
1 Fr
amew
ork
and
In
stit
uti
ons
for
a U
nit
ed A
fric
a3.
11.1
Dem
ocra
cy a
nd
G
ood
Gov
ern
ance
3.11
.2
Hu
man
Rig
hts
, Ju
stic
e an
d T
he
Ru
le o
f Law
3.12
.1 In
stit
uti
ons
and
Le
ader
ship
3.12
.2
Par
tici
pat
ory
Dev
elop
men
t an
d
Loca
l Gov
ern
ance
4.13
.1 M
ain
ten
ance
an
d P
rese
rvat
ion
of
Pea
ce a
nd
Se
curi
ty
Tab
le 11
: Alig
nm
ent
of N
DP
Ch
apte
r 12
ob
ject
ives
wit
h t
he
MTS
F, S
DG
s an
d A
gen
da
2063
100
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63
Asp
irati
ons
BU
ILD
ING
SAFE
R C
OM
MU
NIT
IES
Out
com
e 3:
All
peo
ple
in
Sout
h A
fric
a ar
e an
d fe
el s
afe
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
p
riorit
ies
16.4
By
2030
, sig
nifi
can
tly
red
uce
illic
it fi
nan
cial
an
d a
rms
flow
s, s
tren
gth
en t
he
reco
very
an
d
retu
rn o
f sto
len
ass
ets
and
com
bat
all
form
s of
or
gan
ised
cri
me.
16.5
Su
bst
anti
ally
red
uce
cor
rup
tion
an
d b
rib
ery
in
all t
hei
r fo
rms.
16.6
Dev
elop
eff
ecti
ve, a
ccou
nta
ble
an
d t
ran
spar
ent
inst
itu
tion
s at
all
leve
ls.
16.7
En
sure
resp
onsi
ve, i
ncl
usi
ve, p
arti
cip
ator
y an
d
rep
rese
nta
tive
dec
isio
n m
akin
g a
t al
l lev
els.
16.8
Bro
aden
an
d s
tren
gth
en t
he
par
tici
pat
ion
of
dev
elop
ing
cou
ntr
ies
in t
he
inst
itu
tion
s of
g
lob
al g
over
nan
ce.
16.9
By
2030
, pro
vid
e le
gal
iden
tity
for
all,
incl
ud
ing
b
irth
reg
istr
atio
n.
16.10
En
sure
pu
blic
acc
ess
to in
form
atio
n a
nd
p
rote
ct fu
nd
amen
tal f
reed
oms,
in a
ccor
dan
ce
wit
h n
atio
nal
leg
isla
tion
an
d in
tern
atio
nal
ag
reem
ents
.16
.a S
tren
gth
en re
leva
nt
nat
ion
al in
stit
uti
ons,
in
clu
din
g t
hro
ug
h in
tern
atio
nal
coo
per
atio
n,
for
bu
ildin
g c
apac
ity
at a
ll le
vels
, in
par
ticu
lar
in
dev
elop
ing
cou
ntr
ies,
to p
reve
nt
viol
ence
an
d
com
bat
terr
oris
m a
nd
cri
me.
16.b
Pro
mot
e an
d e
nfo
rce
non
-dis
crim
inat
ory
law
s an
d p
olic
ies
for
sust
ain
able
dev
elop
men
t.
4.14
.1 In
stit
uti
onal
st
ruct
ure
for
AU
Inst
rum
ents
on
Pea
ce a
nd
Se
curi
ty4
.15.1
Fully
op
erat
ion
al
and
fun
ctio
nal
A
PSA
Pill
ars
6.17
.1 W
omen
an
d G
irls
E
mp
ower
men
t6.
17.2
Vio
len
ce &
D
iscr
imin
atio
n
agai
nst
Wom
en
and
Gir
ls6.
18.1
You
th
Em
pow
erm
ent
and
Ch
ildre
n7.
19.1
Afr
ica’
s p
lace
in
glo
bal
aff
airs
.7.
20.1
Afr
ican
Cap
ital
m
arke
t7.
20.2
Fis
cal s
yste
m a
nd
P
ub
lic S
ecto
r R
even
ues
7.20
.3 D
evel
opm
ent
Ass
ista
nce
101
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
Objectives
The objectives of this chapter include the following:• To create a state that can play a
developmental and transformative role in society.
• To nurture a public service immersed in the development agenda but insulated from undue political interference.
• To ensure that staff at all levels have the authority, experience, competence and support, they need to do their jobs.
• To ensure that relations between national, provincial and local government be improved through a more proactive approach to managing the intergovern-mental system.
• To ensure that clear governance structures and stable leadership enable state-owned enterprises (SOEs) to achieve their developmental potential.
Actions
The actions include the following:• Create an administrative head of the public
service with responsibility for managing the career progression of all staff and put in place a hybrid approach to top appointments that stabilise the politi-cal-administrative interface and allows for the reconciliation of administrative and political priorities.
• Enhance the role of the Public Service Commission to champion and monitor norms and standards to ensure that only competent and suitably experienced people are appointed to senior positions.
• Amend the Public Service Act to locate responsibility for human-resources management with the head of department.
• Establish a formal graduate recruitment scheme for the public service with provision for mentoring, training and reflection.
• Formulate long-term skills development strategies for senior managers, technical professionals and local government staff.
• Use assessment mechanisms such as exams, group exercises and competency tests to build confidence in recruitment systems and use placements and secondments to enable staff to develop an experience of working in other spheres of government.
• Use differentiation to ensure a better fit between the capacity and responsibilities of provinces and municipalities.
• Take a more proactive approach to resolving coordination problems and a more long-term approach to building capacity and deliver some local government services on an agency basis, where municipalities or districts lack capacity.
• Make the public service and local government careers of choice.
• Improve relations between national, provincial and local government.
• Adopt a less hierarchical approach to coordination so that routine issues can be dealt with on a day-to-day basis between mid-level officials as well as promote the use of the cluster system to focus on strategic cross-cutting issues and the Presidency to bring different parties together when coordination breaks down. This chapter is only reflected in SDG 16 which focuses on promoting peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, and to provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels and is reflected in Aspiration 1, 3, 4 and 6 of the AU Agenda 2063.
NDP CHAPTER 13 - BUILDING A CAPABLE AND DEVELOPMENTAL STATE
102
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
Figure 14: Building a capable and developmental state alignment with SDGs and Agenda 2063
AU 2063 SDGs
ND
P O
bje
ctiv
e
Number of SDG and AU 2063 targets addressed
0 2 4 6 8 10
No one below minimum social floor
Children access to basic social services
Address hunger, malnutrition
Address skills deficit
Income support to the enemployed
Retirement savings programme
Social protection is progressive
Effective social welfare system
103
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63
Asp
irati
ons
BU
ILD
ING
A C
APA
BLE
DEV
ELO
PM
ENTA
L ST
ATE
Out
com
e 12
: An
effi
cien
t, ef
fect
ive
and
dev
elop
men
t-or
ien
ted
pub
lic s
ervi
ce
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
p
riorit
ies
• A
sta
te t
hat
is c
apab
le o
f p
layi
ng
a d
evel
opm
enta
l an
d t
ran
sfor
mat
ive
role
.•
A p
ub
lic s
ervi
ce im
mer
sed
in
th
e d
evel
opm
ent
agen
da
bu
t in
sula
ted
fr
om u
nd
ue
pol
itic
al
inte
rfer
ence
.•
Staf
f at
all l
evel
s h
ave
the
auth
orit
y, e
xper
ien
ce,
com
pet
ence
an
d s
up
por
t th
ey n
eed
to d
o th
eir
job
s.•
Rel
atio
ns
bet
wee
n n
atio
nal
, p
rovi
nci
al a
nd
loca
l g
over
nm
ent
are
imp
rove
d
thro
ug
h a
mor
e a
pro
acti
ve
app
roac
h to
man
agin
g t
he
inte
rgov
ern
men
tal s
yste
m.
• C
lear
gov
ern
ance
st
ruct
ure
s an
d s
tab
le
lead
ersh
ip e
nab
le s
tate
-ow
ned
en
terp
rise
s (S
OE
s) to
ach
ieve
th
eir
dev
elop
men
tal p
oten
tial
.
• A
sta
ble
pol
itic
al-
adm
inis
trat
ive
inte
rfac
e.•
A p
ub
lic s
ervi
ce t
hat
is a
ca
reer
of c
hoi
ce.
• Su
ffici
ent
tech
nic
al a
nd
sp
ecia
list
pro
fess
ion
al s
kills
.•
Effi
cien
t an
d e
ffec
tive
m
anag
emen
t an
d
oper
atio
ns
syst
ems.
• P
rocu
rem
ent
syst
ems
that
d
eliv
er v
alu
e fo
r m
oney
.•
Incr
ease
d re
spon
sive
nes
s of
pu
blic
ser
van
ts a
nd
ac
cou
nta
bili
ty to
cit
izen
s.•
Imp
rove
d in
ter-
dep
artm
enta
l coo
rdin
atio
n
and
inst
itu
tion
alis
atio
n o
f lo
ng
-ter
m p
lan
nin
g.
• Im
pro
ved
mec
han
ism
s to
p
rom
ote
eth
ical
beh
avio
ur
in t
he
pu
blic
ser
vice
.
11.a
Su
pp
ort
pos
itiv
e ec
onom
ic, s
ocia
l an
d
envi
ron
men
tal l
inks
bet
wee
n u
rban
, per
i-urb
an
and
ru
ral a
reas
by
stre
ng
then
ing
nat
ion
al a
nd
re
gio
nal
dev
elop
men
t p
lan
nin
g.
16.3
Pro
mot
e th
e ru
le o
f law
at
the
nat
ion
al a
nd
in
tern
atio
nal
leve
ls a
nd
en
sure
eq
ual
acc
ess
to
just
ice
for
all.
16.4
By
2030
, sig
nifi
can
tly
red
uce
illic
it fi
nan
cial
an
d a
rms
flow
s, s
tren
gth
en t
he
reco
very
an
d
retu
rn o
f sto
len
ass
ets
and
com
bat
all
form
s of
or
gan
ised
cri
me.
16.5
Su
bst
anti
ally
red
uce
cor
rup
tion
an
d b
rib
ery
in
all t
hei
r fo
rms.
16.6
Dev
elop
eff
ecti
ve, a
ccou
nta
ble
an
d t
ran
spar
ent
inst
itu
tion
s at
all
leve
ls.
16.7
En
sure
resp
onsi
ve, i
ncl
usi
ve, p
arti
cip
ator
y an
d
rep
rese
nta
tive
dec
isio
n m
akin
g a
t al
l lev
els.
16.10
En
sure
pu
blic
acc
ess
to in
form
atio
n a
nd
p
rote
ct fu
nd
amen
tal f
reed
oms,
in a
ccor
dan
ce
wit
h n
atio
nal
leg
isla
tion
an
d in
tern
atio
nal
ag
reem
ents
.16
.b P
rom
ote
and
en
forc
e n
on- d
iscr
imin
ator
y la
ws
and
pol
icie
s fo
r su
stai
nab
le d
evel
opm
ent.
1.1.4
M
oder
n a
nd
Li
vab
le H
abit
ats
and
Bas
ic Q
ual
ity
Serv
ices
1.4.1
Sust
ain
able
an
d in
clu
sive
ec
onom
ic g
row
th2.
8.1
Fram
ewor
k an
d
Inst
itu
tion
s fo
r a
Un
ited
Afr
ica
2.10
.1 C
omm
un
icat
ion
s an
d In
fras
tru
ctu
re
Con
nec
tivi
ty3.
11.1
Dem
ocra
cy a
nd
G
ood
Gov
ern
ance
H
um
an R
igh
ts,
Just
ice
and
Th
e R
ule
of L
aw3.
11.2
H
um
an R
igh
ts,
Just
ice
and
Th
e R
ule
of L
aw
Tab
le 12
: Alig
nm
ent
of N
DP
Ch
apte
r 13
ob
ject
ives
to
the
MTS
F, S
DG
s an
d A
gen
da
2063
104
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63
Asp
irati
ons
BU
ILD
ING
A C
APA
BLE
DEV
ELO
PM
ENTA
L ST
ATE
Out
com
e 12
: An
effi
cien
t, ef
fect
ive
and
dev
elop
men
t-or
ien
ted
pub
lic s
ervi
ce
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
p
riorit
ies
3.12
.2
Par
tici
pat
ory
Dev
elop
men
t an
d
Loca
l Gov
ern
ance
4.14
.1 In
stit
uti
onal
st
ruct
ure
for
AU
Inst
rum
ents
on
Pea
ce a
nd
Se
curi
ty4
.15.1
Fully
op
erat
ion
al
and
fun
ctio
nal
A
PSA
Pill
ars
5.16
.3 C
ult
ura
l Her
itag
e,
Cre
ativ
e A
rts
and
B
usi
nes
ses
7.19
.1 A
fric
a’s
pla
ce in
g
lob
al a
ffai
rs.
7.19
.2
Par
tner
ship
7.20
.1 A
fric
an C
apit
al
mar
ket
7.20
.2 F
isca
l sys
tem
an
d
Pu
blic
Sec
tor
Rev
enu
es7.
20.3
Dev
elop
men
t A
ssis
tan
ce
105
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
Objectives
Fighting corruption was identified as a key priority in the Diagnostic Report. The NDP’s objectives in this area are:• To create a corruption-free society.
• To create a high adherence to ethics throughout society.
• To have a government that is accountable to its people.
Actions
To achieve these objectives, the actions are as follows:• Enhance the capacity of corruption fighting
agencies and make public education part of the mandate of the anti-corruption agencies.
• Strengthen and resource the National AntiCorruption Forum.
• Expand the scope of whistle-blower protection to include disclosure to bodies other than the Public Protector and the
Auditor-General as well as strengthen measures to ensure the security of whistle-blowers.
• Centralise oversight of tenders of long duration or above a certain amount and achieve the developmental potential of state-owned enterprises.
• Report on corruption in the private sector and ensure that it is monitored by an agency like the Public Protector.
• Promote restraint-of-trade agreements for senior civil servants and politicians at all levels of government and all corrupt officials should be made individually liable for all losses incurred because of their corrupt actions.
These broad objectives are reflected in SDG 16, especially targets 16.5 and 16.6 though all targets under SDG 16 do contribute towards the objectives stated in the NDP chapter 14. This chapter contributes to 16 SDG targets
NDP CHAPTER 14 - FIGHTING CORRUPTION
106
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63
Asp
irati
ons
FIG
HTI
NG
CO
RR
UP
TIO
NO
utco
me
12: A
n e
ffici
ent,
effe
ctiv
e an
d d
evel
opm
ent-
orie
nte
d p
ublic
ser
vice
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
p
riorit
ies
• A
cor
rup
tion
-fre
e so
ciet
y,
a h
igh
ad
her
ence
to e
thic
s th
rou
gh
out
soci
ety
and
a
gov
ern
men
t th
at is
ac
cou
nta
ble
to it
s p
eop
le.
• A
sta
ble
pol
itic
al-
adm
inis
trat
ive
inte
rfac
e.•
A p
ub
lic s
ervi
ce t
hat
is a
ca
reer
of c
hoi
ce.
• Su
ffici
ent
tech
nic
al a
nd
sp
ecia
list
pro
fess
ion
al s
kills
.•
Effi
cien
t an
d e
ffec
tive
m
anag
emen
t an
d
oper
atio
ns
syst
ems.
• P
rocu
rem
ent
syst
ems
that
d
eliv
er v
alu
e-fo
r-m
oney
.•
Incr
ease
d re
spon
sive
nes
s of
pu
blic
ser
van
ts a
nd
ac
cou
nta
bili
ty to
cit
izen
s.•
Imp
rove
d in
ter-
dep
artm
enta
l coo
rdin
atio
n
and
inst
itu
tion
alis
atio
n o
f lo
ng
-ter
m p
lan
nin
g.
• Im
pro
ved
mec
han
ism
s to
p
rom
ote
eth
ical
beh
avio
ur
in t
he
pu
blic
ser
vice
.
16.3
Pro
mot
e th
e ru
le o
f law
at
the
nat
ion
al a
nd
in
tern
atio
nal
leve
ls a
nd
en
sure
eq
ual
acc
ess
to
just
ice
for
all.
16.4
By
2030
, sig
nifi
can
tly
red
uce
illic
it fi
nan
cial
an
d a
rms
flow
s, s
tren
gth
en t
he
reco
very
an
d
retu
rn o
f sto
len
ass
ets
and
com
bat
all
form
s of
or
gan
ised
cri
me.
16.5
Su
bst
anti
ally
red
uce
cor
rup
tion
an
d b
rib
ery
in
all t
hei
r fo
rms.
16.6
Dev
elop
eff
ecti
ve, a
ccou
nta
ble
an
d
tran
spar
ent
inst
itu
tion
s at
all
leve
ls.
16.7
En
sure
resp
onsi
ve, i
ncl
usi
ve, p
arti
cip
ator
y an
d
rep
rese
nta
tive
dec
isio
n m
akin
g a
t al
l lev
els.
16.10
En
sure
pu
blic
acc
ess
to in
form
atio
n a
nd
p
rote
ct fu
nd
amen
tal f
reed
oms,
in a
ccor
dan
ce
wit
h n
atio
nal
leg
isla
tion
an
d in
tern
atio
nal
ag
reem
ents
.16
.b P
rom
ote
and
en
forc
e n
on- d
iscr
imin
ator
y la
ws
and
pol
icie
s fo
r su
stai
nab
le d
evel
opm
ent.
Soc
ial s
ecu
rity
an
d p
rote
ctio
n
Incl
ud
ing
Per
son
s w
ith
Dis
abili
ties
2.8.
1 Fr
amew
ork
and
In
stit
uti
ons
for
a U
nit
ed A
fric
a3.
11.1
Dem
ocra
cy a
nd
G
ood
Gov
ern
ance
3.11
.2
Hu
man
Rig
hts
, Ju
stic
e an
d T
he
Ru
le o
f Law
3.12
.1 In
stit
uti
ons
and
Le
ader
ship
3.12
.2
Par
tici
pat
ory
Dev
elop
men
t an
d
Loca
l Gov
ern
ance
4.13
.1 M
ain
ten
ance
an
d P
rese
rvat
ion
of
Pea
ce a
nd
Se
curi
ty
Tab
le 13
: Alig
nm
ent
of N
DP
Ch
apte
r 14
ob
ject
ives
to
the
MTS
F, S
DG
s an
d A
gen
da
2063
107
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63
Asp
irati
ons
FIG
HTI
NG
CO
RR
UP
TIO
NO
utco
me
12: A
n e
ffici
ent,
effe
ctiv
e an
d d
evel
opm
ent-
orie
nte
d p
ublic
ser
vice
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
p
riorit
ies
4.14
.1 In
stit
uti
onal
st
ruct
ure
for
AU
Inst
rum
ents
on
Pea
ce a
nd
Se
curi
ty4
.15.1
Fully
op
erat
ion
al
and
fun
ctio
nal
A
PSA
Pill
ars
6.17
.2 V
iole
nce
&
Dis
crim
inat
ion
ag
ain
st W
omen
an
d G
irls
7.19
.1 A
fric
a’s
pla
ce in
g
lob
al a
ffai
rs.
7.19
.2
Par
tner
ship
7.20
.1 A
fric
an C
apit
al
mar
ket
108
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63
Asp
irati
ons
FIG
HTI
NG
CO
RR
UP
TIO
NO
utco
me
12: A
n e
ffici
ent,
effe
ctiv
e an
d d
evel
opm
ent-
orie
nte
d p
ublic
ser
vice
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
p
riorit
ies
• A
cor
rup
tion
-fre
e so
ciet
y,
a h
igh
ad
her
ence
to e
thic
s th
rou
gh
out
soci
ety
and
a
gov
ern
men
t th
at is
ac
cou
nta
ble
to it
s p
eop
le.
• A
sta
ble
pol
itic
al-
adm
inis
trat
ive
inte
rfac
e.•
A p
ub
lic s
ervi
ce t
hat
is a
ca
reer
of c
hoi
ce.
• Su
ffici
ent
tech
nic
al a
nd
sp
ecia
list
pro
fess
ion
al s
kills
.•
Effi
cien
t an
d e
ffec
tive
m
anag
emen
t an
d
oper
atio
ns
syst
ems.
• P
rocu
rem
ent
syst
ems
that
d
eliv
er v
alu
e-fo
r-m
oney
.•
Incr
ease
d re
spon
sive
nes
s of
pu
blic
ser
van
ts a
nd
ac
cou
nta
bili
ty to
cit
izen
s.•
Imp
rove
d in
ter-
dep
artm
enta
l coo
rdin
atio
n
and
inst
itu
tion
alis
atio
n o
f lo
ng
-ter
m p
lan
nin
g.
• Im
pro
ved
mec
han
ism
s to
p
rom
ote
eth
ical
beh
avio
ur
in t
he
pu
blic
ser
vice
.
16.3
Pro
mot
e th
e ru
le o
f law
at
the
nat
ion
al a
nd
in
tern
atio
nal
leve
ls a
nd
en
sure
eq
ual
acc
ess
to
just
ice
for
all.
16.4
By
2030
, sig
nifi
can
tly
red
uce
illic
it fi
nan
cial
an
d a
rms
flow
s, s
tren
gth
en t
he
reco
very
an
d
retu
rn o
f sto
len
ass
ets
and
com
bat
all
form
s of
or
gan
ised
cri
me.
16.5
Su
bst
anti
ally
red
uce
cor
rup
tion
an
d b
rib
ery
in
all t
hei
r fo
rms.
16.6
Dev
elop
eff
ecti
ve, a
ccou
nta
ble
an
d
tran
spar
ent
inst
itu
tion
s at
all
leve
ls.
16.7
En
sure
resp
onsi
ve, i
ncl
usi
ve, p
arti
cip
ator
y an
d
rep
rese
nta
tive
dec
isio
n m
akin
g a
t al
l lev
els.
16.10
En
sure
pu
blic
acc
ess
to in
form
atio
n a
nd
p
rote
ct fu
nd
amen
tal f
reed
oms,
in a
ccor
dan
ce
wit
h n
atio
nal
leg
isla
tion
an
d in
tern
atio
nal
ag
reem
ents
.16
.b P
rom
ote
and
en
forc
e n
on- d
iscr
imin
ator
y la
ws
and
pol
icie
s fo
r su
stai
nab
le d
evel
opm
ent.
Soc
ial s
ecu
rity
an
d
pro
tect
ion
Incl
ud
ing
P
erso
ns
wit
h D
isab
iliti
es2.
8.1
Fram
ewor
k an
d
Inst
itu
tion
s fo
r a
Un
ited
Afr
ica
3.11
.1 D
emoc
racy
an
d
Goo
d G
over
nan
ce3.
11.2
H
um
an R
igh
ts,
Just
ice
and
Th
e R
ule
of L
aw3.
12.1
Inst
itu
tion
s an
d
Lead
ersh
ip3.
12.2
P
arti
cip
ator
y D
evel
opm
ent
and
Lo
cal G
over
nan
ce4
.13.1
Mai
nte
nan
ce
and
Pre
serv
atio
n
of P
eace
an
d
Secu
rity
Tab
le 13
: Alig
nm
ent
of N
DP
Ch
apte
r 14
ob
ject
ives
to
the
MTS
F, S
DG
s an
d A
gen
da
2063
109
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63
Asp
irati
ons
FIG
HTI
NG
CO
RR
UP
TIO
NO
utco
me
12: A
n e
ffici
ent,
effe
ctiv
e an
d d
evel
opm
ent-
orie
nte
d p
ublic
ser
vice
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
p
riorit
ies
4.14
.1 In
stit
uti
onal
st
ruct
ure
for
AU
Inst
rum
ents
on
Pea
ce a
nd
Se
curi
ty4
.15.1
Fully
op
erat
ion
al
and
fun
ctio
nal
A
PSA
Pill
ars
6.17
.2 V
iole
nce
&
Dis
crim
inat
ion
ag
ain
st W
omen
an
d G
irls
7.19
.1 A
fric
a’s
pla
ce in
g
lob
al a
ffai
rs.
7.19
.2
Par
tner
ship
7.20
.1 A
fric
an C
apit
al
mar
ket
110
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
Objective
The NDP states that “Our vision is a society where opportunity is not determined by race or birthright; where citizens accept that they have both rights and responsibilities. Most critically, we seek a united, prosperous, non-racial, non-sexist and democratic South Africa”.
Actions
The actions proposed by the NDP to fulfil this objective include the following:• Implement measures to encourage school
assemblies to promulgate the Preamble of the Constitution in a language of choice.
• Implement simple measures like the bill of responsibilities to be used at schools and prominently displayed in each workplace.
• Institute sustained campaigns against racism, sexism, homophobia and xenophobia.
• Improve public services and spaces as well as build integrated housing and sports facilities in communities to ensure sharing of common spaces across race and class.
• Encourage all South Africans to learn at least one indigenous language, business to encourage and reward employees who do so.
• Promote citizen participation in forums such as Integrated Development Plans, Ward Committees, School Governing Boards and Community Policing Forums.
• Work towards a social compact for growth, employment and equity
This objective is covered under SDG target 10.2 - which states that “By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability,
race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status”, and target 10.3 - “Ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome, including by eliminating discriminatory laws, policies and practices and promoting appropriate legislation, policies and action in this regard”. It is also in congruence with SDG 16 covering most of the targets.
These aspects are covered by Aspiration 3, 4 and 6 in AU Agenda 2063. This chapter has a strong vertical alignment to a small but critical number of SDG targets.
NDP CHAPTER 15 – NATION BUILDING AND SOCIAL COHESION
111
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pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63
Asp
irati
ons
NA
TIO
N B
UIL
DIN
G A
ND
SO
CIA
L C
OH
ESIO
NO
utco
me
14: A
div
erse
, so
cial
ly c
ohes
ive
soc
iety
wit
h
a co
mm
on n
atio
nal
iden
tity
(Nat
ion
Bui
ldin
g)
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
p
riorit
ies
• O
ur
visi
on is
a s
ocie
ty
wh
ere
opp
ortu
nit
y is
not
d
eter
min
ed b
y ra
ce o
r b
irth
rig
ht;
wh
ere
citi
zen
s ac
cep
t th
at t
hey
hav
e b
oth
ri
gh
ts a
nd
resp
onsi
bili
ties
. M
ost
crit
ical
ly, w
e se
ek
a u
nit
ed, p
rosp
erou
s,
non
- rac
ial,
non
-sex
ist
and
d
emoc
rati
c So
uth
Afr
ica.
• Fo
ster
ing
con
stit
uti
onal
va
lues
.•
Eq
ual
op
por
tun
itie
s,
incl
usi
on a
nd
red
ress
.•
Pro
mot
ing
soc
ial c
ohes
ion
ac
ross
soc
iety
th
rou
gh
in
crea
sed
inte
ract
ion
ac
ross
rac
e an
d c
lass
.•
Pro
mot
ing
act
ive
citi
zen
ry
and
lead
ersh
ip.
10.2
By
2030
, em
pow
er a
nd
pro
mot
e th
e so
cial
, ec
onom
ic a
nd
pol
itic
al in
clu
sion
of a
ll,
irre
spec
tive
of a
ge,
sex
, dis
abili
ty, r
ace,
et
hn
icit
y, o
rig
in, r
elig
ion
or
econ
omic
or
oth
er
stat
us.
10.3
En
sure
eq
ual
op
por
tun
ity
and
red
uce
in
equ
alit
ies
of o
utc
ome,
incl
ud
ing
by
elim
inat
ing
dis
crim
inat
ory
law
s, p
olic
ies
and
pra
ctic
es a
nd
pro
mot
ing
ap
pro
pri
ate
leg
isla
tion
, pol
icie
s an
d a
ctio
n in
th
is re
gar
d.
16.1
Sig
nifi
can
tly
red
uce
all
form
s of
vio
len
ce a
nd
re
late
d d
eath
rat
es e
very
wh
ere.
16.2
En
d a
bu
se, e
xplo
itat
ion
, tra
ffick
ing
an
d a
ll fo
rms
of v
iole
nce
ag
ain
st a
nd
tort
ure
of
child
ren
.16
.3 P
rom
ote
the
rule
of l
aw a
t th
e n
atio
nal
an
d
inte
rnat
ion
al le
vels
an
d e
nsu
re e
qu
al a
cces
s to
ju
stic
e fo
r al
l.16
.5 S
ub
stan
tial
ly re
du
ce c
orru
pti
on a
nd
bri
ber
y in
al
l th
eir
form
s.16
.6 D
evel
op e
ffec
tive
, acc
oun
tab
le a
nd
tra
nsp
aren
t in
stit
uti
ons
at a
ll le
vels
.16
.7 E
nsu
re re
spon
sive
, in
clu
sive
, par
tici
pat
ory
and
re
pre
sen
tati
ve d
ecis
ion
mak
ing
at
all l
evel
s.
Hos
pit
alit
y/To
uri
sm2.
8.1
Fram
ewor
k an
d
Inst
itu
tion
s fo
r a
Un
ited
Afr
ica
3.11
.1 D
emoc
racy
an
d
Goo
d G
over
nan
ce3.
11.2
H
um
an R
igh
ts,
Just
ice
and
Th
e R
ule
of L
aw3.
12.1
Inst
itu
tion
s an
d
Lead
ersh
ip4
.13.1
Mai
nte
nan
ce
and
Pre
serv
atio
n
of P
eace
an
d
Secu
rity
4.14
.1 In
stit
uti
onal
st
ruct
ure
for
AU
Inst
rum
ents
on
Pea
ce a
nd
Se
curi
ty4
.15.1
Fully
op
erat
ion
al
and
fun
ctio
nal
A
PSA
Pill
ars
Tab
le 14
: Alig
nm
ent
of N
DP
Ch
apte
r 15
to
the
MTS
F, S
DG
s an
d A
gen
da
2063
112
Ma
pp
ing
th
e N
ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
ND
P A
rea
and
Ob
ject
ives
MTS
F O
utco
me
SDG
Tar
get
Lin
kag
es to
Ag
end
a 20
63
Asp
irati
ons
NA
TIO
N B
UIL
DIN
G A
ND
SO
CIA
L C
OH
ESIO
NO
utco
me
14: A
div
erse
, so
cial
ly c
ohes
ive
soci
ety
wit
h
a co
mm
on n
atio
nal
iden
tity
(Nat
ion
Bui
ldin
g)
Dire
ctly
impa
cted
p
riorit
ies
16.10
En
sure
pu
blic
acc
ess
to in
form
atio
n a
nd
p
rote
ct fu
nd
amen
tal f
reed
oms,
in a
ccor
dan
ce
wit
h n
atio
nal
leg
isla
tion
an
d in
tern
atio
nal
ag
reem
ents
.16
.a S
tren
gth
en re
leva
nt
nat
ion
al in
stit
uti
ons,
in
clu
din
g t
hro
ug
h in
tern
atio
nal
coo
per
atio
n,
for
bu
ildin
g c
apac
ity
at a
ll le
vels
, in
par
ticu
lar
in
dev
elop
ing
cou
ntr
ies,
to p
reve
nt
viol
ence
an
d
com
bat
terr
oris
m a
nd
cri
me.
16.b
Pro
mot
e an
d e
nfo
rce
non
- dis
crim
inat
ory
law
s an
d p
olic
ies
for
sust
ain
able
dev
elop
men
t.
5.15
.3
Cu
ltu
ral H
erit
age,
C
reat
ive
Art
s an
d
Bu
sin
esse
s6.
17.1
Wom
en a
nd
Gir
ls
Em
pow
erm
ent
6.17
.2 V
iole
nce
&
Dis
crim
inat
ion
ag
ain
st W
omen
an
d G
irls
7.19
.1 A
fric
a’s
pla
ce in
g
lob
al a
ffai
rs.
7.20
.1 A
fric
an C
apit
al
mar
ket
7.20
.2 F
isca
l sys
tem
an
d
Pu
blic
Sec
tor
Rev
enu
es7.
20.3
Dev
elop
men
t A
ssis
tan
ce
113
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pp
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ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
Perhaps the most important section of this analysis is to conduct a gap analysis of the incongruences between the NDP and the SDGs, and between the NDP and Agenda 2063. Whereas the gap was established to be in the region of 26% for the SDG targets, 94.87% of Aspirations, their Goals and Priorities in Agenda 2063 are fully addressed by the NDP. Only 5.17% represents a gap between the NDP and Agenda 2063. Since the NDP was developed to respond to the findings of the diagnostic report, there is a strong likelihood that some elements of the SDGs were left out. There are a number of reasons why there may be gaps between the NDP and SDG targets or Agenda 2063 Goals and priority areas:1. SDG targets/Agenda 2063 priorities are not
a priority for South Africa.2. SDG targets/Agenda 2063 priorities are a
priority for South Africa but are being dealt with outside the NDP framework.
3. NDP Objectives are critical to South Africa but not reflected in the SDG/Agenda 2063 frameworks.
Agenda 2063
Aspiration 5: Africa with a Strong Cultural Identity Common Heritage, Values and Ethics.
This Aspiration has one goal (Goal 16) which advocates for the pre-eminence of African Cultural Renaissance. The goal has three priority areas as follows:5.16.1 Values and Ideals of Pan Africanism5.16.2 Cultural Values and African Renaissance5.16.3 Cultural Heritage, Creative Arts and Businesses
The NDP acknowledges that South Africa’s development is affected by what happens in the region and the world. It argues that South Africa’s evolving international engagement is based on Pan-Africanism and South-South solidarity (Niewkerk, 2014). The strategic drivers of the South African government’s foreign policy are anchored on a Pan-Africanist and South-South international relations orientation
with a particular role as African stabiliser and developer. The NDP focusses on the role of trade with Africa and the rest of the world in positioning South Africa with respect to the rest of the world, and not so much in the promotion of African values and ideals of Pan-Africanism. These principles are implicit in many of the action points in the NDP but are not explicitly spelt out. The Department for International Relations and Cooperation (DIRCO) is responsible for positioning South Africa in the region and beyond. In its strategic plan, DIRCO recognizes that the NDP is linked to the Southern African Development Community (SADC) development mechanism, the Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan, and the continental programme as encapsulated in the African Union Agenda 2063. DIRCO’s strategic plan and Annual Performance Plan for 2014 covered the following action steps:• Strengthen the African Union (AU)
Commission.
• Develop agenda 2063 and the post 2015 African Common Position.
• Implement the AU/New Partnership for Development infrastructure programmes contained in the Programme for Infrastructure Development in Africa, the Presidential Infrastructure Championing Initiative and the North- South Corridor.
• Promote regional peace in Africa.
• Support negotiations on the Tripartite Free Trade and Area and the Southern African Customs Union for the purpose of advancing regional economic integration.
• Establish the South African Development Partnership Agency which will focus on African development priorities.
All these elements point to South Africa’s unique approach to global issues as expressed in the philosophy of Ubuntu which recognises that it is in South Africa’s interest to promote and support the positive development of others.
GAP ANALYSIS
114
Ma
pp
ing
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ati
on
al
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
The SDGs
The following sections detail the gaps that exist between the NDP and the SDGs. It assesses each of the SDG targets that do not have any corresponding objectives in the NDP and provides an analysis of the measures and strategies that the government of South Africa is taking to address the SDG targets outside the limitations of the NDP. The following SDG targets were found not to have any linkages with the NDP.
SDG 3.a: Strengthen the implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in all countries, as appropriate.
This target is not prioritised in the NDP. However, South Africa was one of the first signatories to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), which aims to ban tobacco advertising, to highlight health warning labels on tobacco products, to protect the public against secondary smoking, to control the illicit tobacco trade and to promote tobacco taxes. It will become law once 40 countries have ratified the convention. Current tobacco control measures in South Africa were largely consistent with the minimum requirements of the convention. The South African Tobacco Control Amendment Act was currently being amended to bring it fully in line with the convention. Some of the proposed amendments to the Act include banning the use of terms like light, mild and extra mild on tobacco products, raising the age restriction on tobacco sales from 16 to 18 years and enlarging health warnings to cover at least 50% of tobacco product containers18. This initiative is spearheaded by the Department of Health.
SDG 5.3: Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation
Although this target is not prioritised in the NDP, the South African government has a very comprehensive programme called the South African Integrated Programme of Action (POA) addressing Violence against Women
and Children (VAWC). This programme is coordinated by the Department of Social Development and involves an Inter-Ministe-rial Committee on Violence against Women and Children, which seeks to step up national efforts to stop all forms of abuse of women and children. The POA outlines actions designed to prevent VAWC, to improve the implementation of existing laws and services aimed at victims of violence and to provide adequate support services. The proposed interventions and programmes in the POA outline an extensive range of existing and new measures aimed at complementing existing initiatives such as the Thuthuzela Care Centres, Sexual Offences Courts and other victim empowerment initiatives19. One such initiative, which is aimed at improving services to women and children who experience violence and abuse, is the establishment of the Gender-Based Violence Command Centre by the Department of Social Development. Further, the South African Law Reform Commission has been investigating and acting towards phasing out a traditional practice known as Ukuthwala, which is largely practised by Nguni groups. It allows room for forced child marriages to older men, especially in rural areas, leaving girls vulnerable to abduction, rape, violent abuse and premature marriages.
18 Health Systems Trust, 2017 - http://www.hst.org.za/news/sa-leads-way-anti-tobacco-convention19 Department of Social Development - http://www.dsd.gov.za/index2.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=607&Itemid=
115
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pp
ing
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ati
on
al
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ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n t
o t
he
Un
ite
d N
ati
on
s a
nd
Afr
ica
n U
nio
n S
ust
ain
ab
le D
eve
lop
me
nt
Ag
en
da
s
SDG 5.5: Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision making in political, economic and public life
The NDP is not explicit about this target, though it is subsumed under chapter 15: Nation Building and Social Cohesion which emphasises that transformation of the economy should involve the active participation and empowerment of women. Government has also drafted the Women Empowerment and Gender Equality Bill, which will enforce gender parity in decision-making structures in both the private and public sectors.
SDG 6.2: By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation.
Paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations.
The area of equitable sanitation and hygiene was not prioritised in the NDP though a lot of work is being done by various government as well as civil society institutions. A lot of legislative measures have been passed since 1994, and include:• Constitution of the Republic of South Africa
Act 108 of 1996 (Constitution)• Water Services Act 108 of 1997 (Water
Services Act)• Housing Act 107 of 1997 (Housing Act) • National Water Act 36 of 1998 • Local Government: Municipal Structures
Act 117 of 1998 (Municipal Structures Act) • Promotion of Administrative Justice Act 3
of 2000 (PAJA) • Local Government: Municipal Systems Act
32 of 2000 (Municipal Systems Act) • Local Government: Municipal Finance
Management Act 56 of 2003.• National Health Act 61 of 2003 • Intergovernmental Relations Framework
Act 13 of 2005 (IGR Act) • Division of Revenue Act (DORA)
(promulgated annually)
The Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS) has been providing policy frameworks and
guidance on water and sanitation, including the following:• White Paper on Water Supply and
Sanitation Policy (DWAF 1994);• National Sanitation Policy (DWAF 1996);• White Paper on Basic Household Sanitation
(DWAF 2001); and• Strategic Framework for Water Services:
Water is Life; Sanitation is Dignity (DWAF 2003)
SDG 6.a: By 2030, expand international cooperation and capacity-building support to developing countries in water and sani-tation-related activities and programmes, including water harvesting, desalination, water efficiency, wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse technologies
Although South Africa has entered into bilateral agreements with neighbouring countries such as the Joint Bilateral Commission for Cooperation (JBCC) between South Africa and Lesotho covering, among other areas of mutual interest, construction of the Metolong Dam, nothing was expressly mentioned in the NDP.
SDG 7.3: By 2030, double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency
Although energy is a key priority in the NDP especially as it relates to increased access to energy by households, as well as seeking alternative e sources (renewable energy and nuclear); the question of improving energy efficiency and South Africa’s contribution to global energy efficiency was not discussed.
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SDG 8.7: Take immediate and effective measures to eradicate forced labour, end modern slavery and human trafficking and secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2025, end child labour in all its forms.
This area is not explicitly mentioned in the NDP, but a lot is being done to combat child labour. The Child Labour Programme of Action (CLPA) remains the key national strategy on the elimination of child labour in the country. The Department of Labour (DoL) has also issued guidelines on child labour. It is a criminal offence to employ a child under the age of 15, except if you have a permit from the DoL to employ children in the performing arts while children aged 15 to 18 may not be employed to do work inappropriate for their age or work that places them at risk.
SDG 8.8: Protect labour rights and promote safe and secure working environments for all workers, including migrant workers, in particular women migrants, and those in precarious employment.
This SDG target is of critical importance to South Africa as manifested in the many institutions that protect the rights of workers such as the Department of Labour itself, the numerous number of trade unions, The Commission for Conciliation Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA) and the National Economic Development and Labour Council (NEDLAC). Although historically, South Africa has depended on migrant labourers in the mining, hospitality and agricultural sectors, not enough protection has been accorded to these workers, and they are susceptible to lower wages and exploitation. This is an area which needs further intervention. There is no mention of protecting the rights of informal workers, unpaid care and domestic work. This necessitates further consideration.
SDG 8.9: By 2030, devise and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products.
The tourism sector accounts for a substantial
amount of the country’s revenue, contributes about 9% to the country’s GDP and supports around 10% of jobs in the country. The Department of Tourism has established an Enterprise Development PMU following the conclusion of the Tourism Enterprise Partnership (TEP), while South African Tourism (SAT) has developed a model which is bearing positive results in business tourism. Tourism was not one of the areas prioritised in the NDP.
SDG 8.10: Strengthen the capacity of domestic financial institutions to encourage and expand access to banking, insurance and financial services for all. South Africa’s financial sector is a well-developed part of its core economy. It is the engine which drives economic development, growth and investment through lending to the private sector and households. This sector is well catered for, and there appears to have been no need for the sector to be included in the NDP. Under the overall authority of the South African Reserve bank, South Africa boasts of 23 locally controlled banks, 6 foreign-controlled banks, 15 branches of foreign banks, 2 mutual banks and a number of Development Finance Institutions including the Development Bank of Southern Africa, Land and Agricultural Development Bank of South Africa, Post Bank and the Industrial Development Corporation.20
20 http://www.expatica.com/za/finance/Listing-of-banking-institutions-in-South-Africa_105795.html
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SDG 10.5: Improve the regulation and monitoring of global financial markets and institutions and strengthen the implementation of such regulations
This target is not reflected in the NDP as it was deemed not to be relevant for the needs of the NDP. As South Africa increasingly gets involved in global financial markets, such as the newly formed BRICS Bank, there will be a need to get more insight into global financial markets regulatory mechanisms.
SDG 10.a: Implement the principle of special and differential treatment for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, in accordance with World Trade Organisation agreementsSouth Africa, being one of the most developed countries in Africa, is obliged to observe the WTO agreements for the treatment of LDCs. There is reference to this in Chapter 7 of the NDP South Africa in the Region and the World, though reference to this specific SDG is not explicit.
SDG 10.c: By 2030, reduce to less than 3% the transaction costs of migrant remittances and eliminate remittance corridors with costs higher than 5%.
South Africa enjoys the services of hundreds of thousands of migrant labourers in the mining and agricultural sectors, and more recently in the services sector. However, remitting funds earned locally to their countries of origin requires a significant amount of paperwork and cost, which has regularly been tightened by the Reserve Bank of South Africa. “Every single transaction in South Africa that involves a movement of money into or out of the country is regulated by the exchange controls. There are no exceptions – it does not matter what the amount is, or who is involved in the transaction. The South African Reserve Bank (SARB) supervises the system of exchange controls, as well as all capital in and outflows. The SARB delegates some authority to local authorised dealers (usually the large commercial banks) who supervise transactions on their behalf.”21
SDG 11.c: Support least developed countries, including through financial and technical assistance, in building sustainable and resilient buildings utilising local materials.
Although South African construction companies often go into the African continent to support the construction of resilient buildings using local materials, the initiatives are not explicitly spelt out in the NDP. The role of South Africa in the region and the world – Chapter 7 – is limited only to issues of trade with regional neighbours. A potentially rich area of research to determine the extent to which South African private operators engage with other African entities in addressing this SDG is worth exploring, especially in the tourism and retail sectors.
SDG 12.1: Implement the 10-year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns, all countries taking action, with developed countries taking the lead, taking into account the development and capabilities of developing countries.
This target was not articulated in the NDP as it did not feature in the outcomes of the diagnostic report and the subsequent development of the NDP. However, this has become one of the cornerstones of the New Development Agenda and needs to be followed through with the development of some parallel initiative to promote sustainable consumption and production.
21 http://www.moneytransfersouthafrica.org/foreign-exchange-regulations/
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SDG 12.b: Develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development impacts for sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products.
Tourism is recognised as a critical sector in South Africa’s development programme. The National Tourism Sector Strategy (NTSS) provides the framework for the development of this sector with the aim of transforming tourism to accommodate more local tourism products and foster inclusive growth. In 2015, a total of 8,903,773 foreign tourists visited South Africa with over 1,6 million local and international tourists visiting the Kruger National Park in the same year.
SDG 13.a: Implement the commitment undertaken by developed-country parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to a goal of mobilising jointly $100 billion annually by 2020 from all sources to address the needs of developing countries in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation and fully operationalise the Green Climate Fund through its capitalisation as soon as possible.
This target was not relevant to the requirements for developing the NDP in line with the Diagnostic Report. However, South Africa is a leading proponent of addressing the impact of climate change and is a signatory to the 21st Conference of Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (CoP 21). South Africa has a National Strategy for Sustainable Development, a National Climate Change Response Policy, Green Economy Strategy, and Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) – which outlines our country’s energy mix. This is in addition to its Industrial Policy and Action Plan that recognises that energy efficiency and less-carbon intensive production are central tenets of a green economy. A National Adaptation Strategy is under development to guide South Africa’s efforts to plan for and adapt to the impacts of climate change. South Africa’s approach balances its contribution as a responsible global citizen to the international effort to curb emissions, with the need to
address economic growth, job creation and poverty alleviation.
SDG 14.7: By 2030, increase the economic benefits to small island developing states and least developed countries from the sustainable use of marine resources, including through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism.
Not applicable.SDG 14.a: Increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacity and transfer marine technology, taking into account the Inter-governmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in particular, small island developing states and least developed countries.
Not applicable.SDG 14.b: Provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets.
Not applicable.SDG 14.c: Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources by implementing international law as reflected in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which provides the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources, as recalled in paragraph 158 of “The future we want”.
Although South Africa is not an LDC nor a small island developing state as specified by the SDG target, in the area of sustainable use of marine resources, the country embarked upon “Operation Phakisa” – a “Big Fast Results Methodology” through which the Malaysian government had achieved significant government and economic transformation within a very short time as a model to solve local problems.
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To this effect, Operation Phakisa was applied to the country’s marine sector, named “Oceans Economy”, covering marine transport and manufacturing, offshore oil and gas exploration, aquaculture, and marine protection services and ocean governance. The initial results are positive, but more time is needed to fully appreciate the benefits of this initiative.22
SDG 15.6: Promote fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilisation of genetic resources and promote appropriate access to such resources, as internationally agreed.
South Africa, through the National Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), became involved in discussions on Plant Genetic Resources and related matters during the late 1980s and has since ratified the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and is in the process of ratifying the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. South Africa became a member of the SADC Plant Genetic Resources Centre (SPGRC) in 1995. The DAFF has a programme on genetic resources which seeks to ensure the conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. The functions include:• To collect, characterise and evaluate plant
genetic resources for food and agriculture.• To promote the value of plant genetic
resources for food and agriculture.• Regulate access to plant genetic resources
for food and agriculture• To ensure equitable sharing of any benefits
arising from the utilisation of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture.
• To manage international agreements, protocols relevant to plant genetic resources for food and agriculture.
SDG 15.7: Take urgent action to end poaching and trafficking of protected species of flora and fauna and address both demand and supply of illegal wildlife products
South Africa is the third most biologically diverse country in the world. Combating any
threat to this biodiversity and ecosystem requires coordinated and harmonised approaches at regional, national and global levels. The Department of Environmental Affairs is a central authority in the country’s efforts to combat the erosion of biodiversity. In response to the scourge of wildlife crime, such as the recent spate of attacks on the rhino population, the department spearheaded the establishment of both the biodiversity enforcement unit and the multi-stakeholder national wildlife crime reaction unit. Capacity will be increased in an attempt to address the current and future potential wildlife crimes. The African Rhino Conservation Plan promotes a long-term continental vision to secure viable, growing and valued rhino populations across the African landscape and to ensure that continental rhino numbers increase over the period 2015 – 2020.
SDG 15.a: Mobilise and significantly increase financial resources from all sources to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity and ecosystems.
South Africa’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) is a well thought out requirement of contracting parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The NBSAP identifies priorities for biodiversity management and aligns these to the global agenda, as well as national development imperatives. The costing South Africa’s NBSAP and the development of a resource mobilisation plan are well articulated in the plan and will be pursued through the Biodiversity Finance Initiative (BIOFIN). BIOFIN is a global initiative funded by the European Union and managed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). BIOFIN is working in pilot countries, including South Africa, to develop a comprehensive national resource mobilising strategy.
22 https://www.environment.gov.za/speech/presidentzuma operationphakisa
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The strategy also calls for Improving cost-effec-tiveness through the mainstreaming of biodiversity into national development and sectoral planning and develop a methodology for quantifying the biodiversity finance gap at the national level.
SDG 17.1: Strengthen domestic resource mobilisation, including through international support to developing countries, to improve domestic capacity for tax and other revenue collection.
Not relevant to South Africa.SDG 17.2: Developed countries to implement their official development assistance commitments, including the commitment by many developed countries to achieve the target of 0.7% of gross national income for official development assistance (ODA/ GNI) to developing countries and 0.15 to 0.20% of ODA/GNI to least developed countries; ODA providers are encouraged to consider setting a target to provide at least 0.20% of ODA/GNI to least developed countries.
Not applicable.SDG 17.3: Mobilise additional financial resources for developing countries from multiple sources.
Not applicable.SDG 17.4: Assist developing countries in attaining long-term debt sustainability through coordinated policies aimed at fostering debt financing, debt relief and debt restructuring, as appropriate, and address the external debt of highly indebted poor countries to reduce debt distress.
Not applicableSDG 17.5: Adopt and implement investment promotion regimes for least developed countries.
Not applicable.SDG 17.7: Promote the development, transfer, dissemination and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies to developing countries on favourable terms, including on concessional and preferential terms as mutually agreed.
Not applicable.SDG 17.13: Enhance global macroeconomic stability, including through policy coordination and policy coherence.
Not applicable.SDG 17.15: Respect each country’s policy space and leadership to establish and implement policies for poverty eradication and sustainable development: Multi-stakeholder partnerships.
Not applicable.SDG 17.16: Enhance the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development, complemented by multi-stakeholder partnerships that mobilise and share knowledge, expertise, technology and financial resources, to support the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals in all countries, in particular developing countries.
In 2015, South Africa’s Gross Domestic Product crossed the R4 trillion mark while the budget for 2016/2017 put in place measures to narrow the fiscal deficit and stabilise its gross loan debt. South Africa remains the economic powerhouse and the largest African provider of assistance on the continent despite having its own share of domestic development challenges. Since 2007 there has been discussion to formalise, rationalise, co-ordinate and provide structure to South Africa’s development co-operation through the establishment of the South African International Development Agency (SAIDA), later modified to the South African Development Partnership Agency (SADPA).23
23 https://www.saiia.org.za/research-reports/347-south-african-development-partnership-agency-sadpa-strategic-aid-or-development-packages-for-africa/file
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In order to fulfil its envisaged and existing obligations, South Africa requires a substantial amount of resources. South Africa receives a minuscule amount of assistance from donors to the tune of around 0.4632% of Gross National Income. Domestically, The South African Revenue Service (SARS) is responsible for revenue collection in the domestic market. SARS is an organ of the state outside the Public Service with the mandate of collecting and administering all national taxes, duties and levies imposed under national legislation. Although revenue collection and the mandate of SARS is not explicitly spelt out in the NDP, there is an implicit assumption that all programmes identified in the NDP cannot be implemented without a robust domestic resource envelope.
SDG 17.17: Encourage and promote effective public, public-private and civic society partnerships, building on the experience and resourcing strategies of partnerships: Data, monitoring and accountability.
Not applicable.SDG 17.18: By 2020, enhance capacity-building support to developing countries, including for least developed countries and small island developing states, to increase significantly the
availability of high-quality, timely and reliable data disaggregated by income, gender, age, race, ethnicity, migratory status, disability, geographic location and other characteristics relevant in national contexts.
The NDP recognises that international and regional contexts affect South Africa in many ways. Emerging markets, particularly China, India and Brazil, have far-reaching consequences in existing and future trading relationships. Demand shifts in China will have a significant impact on the levels of domestic demand for natural resources, while the emergence of more consumers in developing countries will equally broaden opportunities for trade. Although the SDG 17 targets listed above specifically refer to the interface between developed countries and least developed countries and SIDS, South Africa sees itself at the core of enhancing partnerships with other countries on the continent. Internally, there are numerous measures instituted to enhance service delivery through Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). PPPs have been regulated under the Public Finance Management Act (1999) (PFMA) and Treasury Regulation 16, providing a clear and transparent framework for government and its private sector partners to enter into a mutually beneficial commercial transaction for the public good.
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The Rapid Integrated Assessment highlights the convergence between South Africa’s NDP and SDG targets, as well as the gaps between the two frameworks. It is clear from this analysis that the level of convergence between the NDP objectives and SDG targets is quite high. The analysis states from the onset that the NDP was a reflection of the challenges which were identified in the Diagnostic Report and could thus not be expected to be completely in tandem with the SDGs which explains the gaps between the two. Further, owing to South Africa’s leadership role in most global and continental processes preceding the adoption of the SDGs and the African Union Agenda 2063, it would be expected that there would be a significant level of convergence between South Africa’s own development frameworks and the global/continental agendas.
The analysis presents a first step in assessing the degree to which South Africa’s plans reflect the objectives of the SDGs and Agenda 2063 Aspirations. Whereas the analysis concludes that 94.87 per cent of the priorities in the African Union’s Agenda 2063 are reflected directly in the NDP, the remaining 5.13 per cent do appear as indirect reflections in the NDP. Thus there are no gaps registered between the AU Agenda 2063 and the NDP. The gaps that are analysed in this study all relate to the SDGs. These gaps do not in any way, suggest that South Africa is not addressing them. It simply means that much as they do not appear in the NDP, many of them are being addressed comprehensively outside the scope of the NDP through some other sectoral approaches. These gaps are analysed comprehensively in the gap analysis while those which have no relevance to the country context are labelled as such. The gap analysis shows that South Africa has a wealth of plans and strategies, many of which are well aligned to with the SDGs but are not being implemented within the scope of the NDP.
The analysis also helps to map SDG targets that
need to be addressed by multiple departments and policy areas where actions can affect multiple SDGs. This points to the critical need for strong cross-sector institutional arrangements to promote sectoral interlinkages, prioritisation, and budgeting which are key elements to SDG achievement – identifying priority drivers and investments that can make progress towards multiple SDG targets at the same time.
The assessment conducted in this study should be read in conjunction with the Statistics SA’s baseline report on SDG indicators which will ultimately be used to track progress on the implementation on the NDP and sectoral strategies’ impact on the SDGs. In the Rapid Integrated Assessment, 96 SDG targets were directly addressed by one or more NDP objective(s); 29 SDG targets were partially addressed by one or more NDP objective(s) while 44 SDG targets were not at all addressed by the NDP. Out of this, 32 targets were addressed by other frameworks and strategies outside the NDP, while 12 of these did not apply to the South African context.
KEY MESSAGES.
1. The NDP and the African Union Agenda 2063 are fully aligned at the confluence between NDP Objectives and Agenda 2063 Priorities. 94.87 per cent of the priorities in Agenda 2063 are directly addressed by the objectives in the NDP, while only 5.13 per cent are addressed indirectly.
2. The priorities that are indirectly addressed by the NDP are all related to Pan-Africanism focusing on Africa’s cultural identity as espoused in Aspiration 5.which is about promoting “an Africa with a strong cultural identity, common heritage, values and ethics.”
CONCLUSION
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3. While the NDP refers to South Africa’s position in Africa and the world, it does not explicitly mention these ideals, though they do form the very fabric of South African society – Ubuntu.
4. While some Agenda 2063 priorities are indirectly addressed by NDP Objectives, All Aspirations are aligned with the broad objectives of the NDP.
5. The NDP and the SDGs are highly aligned, with a convergence ratio of 74%. This means that 74% of the 169 SDG targets are covered by the NDP.
6. Only 12 SDG targets do not apply to the South African context.
7. Most NDP objectives with a redistributive slant affect the highest number of SDG targets – these have a direct impact on the SDGs, while other NDP objectives could be construed as catalytic or enablers.
8. The NDP objectives classified into high impact, medium impact and low impact should be read in tandem with the SDG
indicator framework which Statistics South Africa has developed to measure progress towards attaining the SDGs.
9. If any of the SDG targets becomes a key priority, the analysis can guide policymakers as to which interventions could yield the best positive impact on particular SDG targets, while the gaps provide guidance on what SDG targets need to be addressed if they are currently not.
10. The multi-sectoral nature of SDG intervention is clear from the analysis. Some SDG targets will require a multi-pronged approach, while others are sector-specific. Equally, some sector-specific interventions may result in positive or negative impacts elsewhere.
11. The remaining 26% (44 targets) of the 169 SDG targets are not covered within the framework of the NDP. Out of this, 32 targets are being addressed comprehensively in other programmes and strategies running in parallel to the NDP.
26%SDG targets not
addressed
in NDP: 44/169
17%SDG targets partially
addressed: 29/169
57%SDG targets fully
addressed: 96/169
Figure 15: NDP-SDGs Alignment
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26%SDG not applicable:
12/44
74%SDG targets addressed
in other sectoral
programmes: 32/44
Figure 16: Detail of SDG targets not addressed by the NDP
94.87Directly addressed by NDP
5.13Indirectly addressed
by NDP
Figure 17: Direct and indirect impacted Agenda 2063 priorities
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Operational chapters of the National Development Plan and their respective objectives
Chapter 3: Economy and employment• The unemployment rate should fall from
24.9% in June 2012 to 14% by 2020 and to 6% by 2030. This requires an additional 11 million jobs. Total employment should rise from 13 million to 24 million.
• The proportion of adults working should increase from 41% to 61%.
• The proportion of adults in rural areas working should rise from 29% to 40%.
• The labour force participation rate should rise from 54% to 65%.
• Gross Domestic Product (GDP) should increase by 2.7 times in real terms, requiring average annual GDP growth of 5.4% over the period. GDP per capita should increase from about R50 000 per person in 2010 to R110 000 per person in 2030 at constant prices.
• The proportion of national income earned by the bottom 40% should rise from about 6% today to 10% in 2030.
• Ownership of assets to historically disadvantaged groups should be broadened. Exports (as measured in volume terms) should grow by 6% a year to 2030 with non-traditional exports growing by 10% a year. National savings should be increased from 16% of GDP to 25%. The level of gross fixed capital formation should rise from 17% to 30%.
Chapter 4: Economic infrastructure• The proportion of people with access to the
electricity grid should rise to at least 90% by 2030, with non-grid options available for the rest.
• The country would need an additional 29 000MW of electricity by 2030. About 10 900MW of existing capacity is to be retired, implying new build of more than 40 000MW.
• At least 20 000MW of this capacity should come from renewable sources.
• Ensure that all people have access to clean, potable water and that there is enough water for agriculture and industry, recognising the trade-offs in the use of water.
• Water demand in urban areas should be reduced to 15% below the business-as-usual scenario by 2030.
• The proportion of people who use public transport for regular commutes will expand significantly. By 2030, public transport should be user-friendly, less environmentally damaging, cheaper and integrated or seamless.
• Durban port capacity should increase from 3 million containers a year to 20 million by 2040.
• There should be competitively priced and widely available broadband.
Chapter 5: Environmental sustainability and resilience• There should be a set of indicators for
natural resources, accompanied by the publication of annual reports on the health of identified resources to inform policy.
• A target for the amount of land and oceans under protection (presently about 7.9 million ha of land, 848km of coastline and 4 172 square km of ocean are protected).
• Achieve the peak, plateau and decline trajectory for greenhouse gas emissions, with the peak being reached around 2025.
• By 2030, an economy-wide carbon price should be entrenched.
• Zero-emission building standards by 2030. • Absolute reductions in the total volume of
waste disposed to landfill each year. • At least 20 000MW of renewable energy
should be contracted by 2030. • Improved disaster preparedness for
extreme climate events.
APPENDIX 1 :
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• Increased investment in new agricultural technologies, research and the development of adaptation strategies for the protection of rural livelihoods and expansion of commercial agriculture.
Chapter 6: Inclusive rural economy• An additional 643 000 direct jobs and
326 000 indirect jobs in the agriculture, agro-processing and related sectors by 2030.
• Maintain a positive trade balance for primary and processed agricultural products.
Chapter 7: South Africa in the region and the world• Intra-regional trade in Southern Africa
should increase from 7% of trade to 25% of trade by 2030.
• South Africa’s trade with regional neighbours should increase from 15% of our trade to 30%.
Chapter 8: Transforming human settlements• Strong and efficient spatial planning
system, well-integrated across the spheres of government.
• Upgrade all informal settlements on suitable, well-located land by 2030.
• More people are living closer to their places of work.
• Better quality of public transport. • More jobs in or close to dense, urban
townships.
Chapter 9: Improving education, training and innovation• Make early childhood development a top
priority among the measures to improve the quality of education and long-term prospects of future generations. Dedicated resources should be channelled towards ensuring that all children are well cared for from an early age and receive appropriate emotional, cognitive and physical development stimulation.
• All children should have at least two years of pre-school education.
• About 90% of learners in grades 3, 6 and 9
must achieve 50% or more in the annual national assessments in literacy, math and science. Between 80 – 90% of learners should complete 12 years of schooling and or vocational education with at least 80% successfully passing the exit exams.
• Eradicate infrastructure backlogs and ensure that all schools meet the minimum standards by 2016.
• Expand the college system with a focus on improving quality. Better quality will build confidence in the college sector and attract more learners. The recommended participation rate of 25% would accommodate about 1.25 million enrolments.
• Provide 1 million learning opportunities through Community Education and Training Centres.
• Improve the throughput rate to 80% by 2030.
• Produce 30 000 artisans per year. • Increase enrolment at universities by at
least 70% by 2030 so that enrolments increase to about 1.62 million from 950 000 in 2010.
• Increase the number of students eligible to study towards math- and science-based degrees to 450 000 by 2030.
• Increase the per centage of PhD qualified staff in the higher education sector from the current 34% to over 75% by 2030.
• Produce more than 100 doctoral graduates per million per year by 2030. That implies an increase from 1420 in 2010 to well over 5 000 a year.
• Expand science, technology and innovation outputs by increasing research and development spending by the government and through encouraging industry to do so.
Chapter 10: Health care for all• Increase the average male and female
life expectancy at birth to 70 years. Progressively improve TB prevention and cure.
• Reduce maternal, infant and child mortality.
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• Significantly reduce the prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases.
• Reduce injury, accidents and violence by 50% from 2010 levels.
• Deploy primary healthcare teams to provide care to families and communities.
• Everyone must have access to an equal standard of care, regardless of their income.
• Fill posts with skilled, committed and competent individuals.
Chapter 11: Social protection• Ensure progressively and through multiple
avenues that no one lives below a defined minimum social floor.
• All children should enjoy services and benefits aimed at facilitating access to nutrition, health care, education, social care and safety.
• Address problems such as hunger, malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies that affect physical growth and cognitive development, especially among children.
• Address the skills deficit in the social welfare sector.
• Provide income support to the unemployed through various active labour market initiatives such as public works programmes, training and skills development, and other labour market-related incentives.
• All working individuals should make adequate provision for retirement through mandated savings. The state should provide measures to make pensions safe and sustainable.
• Social protection systems must respond to the growth of temporary and part-time contracts, and the increasing importance of self-employment and establish mechanisms to cover the risks associated with such.
• Create an effective social welfare system that delivers better results for vulnerable groups, with the state playing a larger role compared to now. Civil society should complement government initiatives.
Chapter 12: Building safer communities
• In 2030 people living in South Africa feel safe and have no fear of crime. They feel safe at home, at school and at work, and they enjoy an active community life free of fear.
• Women can walk freely in the street, and the children can play safely outside.
• The police service is a well-resourced professional institution staffed by highly skilled officers who value their work, serve the community, safeguard lives and property without discrimination, protect the peaceful against violence, and respect the rights of all to equality and justice.
Chapter 13: Building a capable and developmental state• A state that is capable of playing a
developmental and transformative role. • A public service immersed in the
development agenda but insulated from undue political interference.
• Staff at all levels have the authority, experience, competence and support they need to do their jobs.
• Relations between national, provincial and local government are improved through a more proactive approach to managing the intergovernmental system.
• Clear governance structures and stable leadership enable state-owned enterprises (SOEs) to achieve their developmental potential.
Chapter 14: Fighting corruption• A corruption-free society, a high
adherence to ethics throughout society and a government that is accountable to its people.
Chapter 15: Nation-building and social cohesion• Our vision is a society where opportunity
is not determined by race or birthright; where citizens accept that they have both rights and responsibilities. Most critically, we seek a united, prosperous, non-racial, non-sexist and democratic South Africa.
Source: National Planning Commission (2012), Executive Summary – National Development Plan 2030 – Our Future, Make it Work.
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MTSF OutcomesOutcome 1: Quality basic education• Improved quality of teaching and learning
through the development, supply and effective utilisation of teachers.
• Improved quality of teaching and learning through the provision of infrastructure and learning materials.
• Regular annual national assessments (ANA) to track improvements in the quality of teaching and learning.
• Improved Grade R and planning for the extension of ECD.
• A credible outcomes-focused planning and accountability system (building the capacity of the state to intervene and support quality education.
• Partnerships for a strong education system.
Outcome 2: A long and healthy life for all South Africans• Universal health coverage progressively
achieved through the implementation of National Health Insurance.
• Improved quality of health care. • Implement the re-engineering of primary
health care. • Reduced health care costs. • Improved human resources for health. • Improved health management and
leadership. • Improved health facility planning and
infrastructure development. • HIV AIDS and TB prevented and successfully
managed. • Maternal, infant and child mortality
reduced. • Efficient Health Management Information
System developed and implemented for improved decision making.
Outcome 3: All people in South Africa are and feel safe• Reduced levels of contact crime. • An efficient and effective criminal justice
system.
• South Africa’s borders effectively defended, protected, secured, and well-managed.
• Secure cyberspace. • Domestic stability ensured. • Identity of all persons in South Africa
known and secured. • Corruption in the public and private sectors
reduced.
Outcome 4: Decent employment through inclusive growth• Productive investment is effectively
crowded in through the infrastructure build programme.
• The productive sectors account for a growing share of production and employment.
• Elimination of unnecessary regulations and lower price increases for key input fosters investment and economic growth.
• Workers’ education and skills increasingly meet economic needs.
• Spatial imbalances in economic opportunities are addressed through expanded employment in agriculture, the build programme and densification in the metros.
• Macroeconomic conditions support em-ployment-creating growth.
• Reduced workplace conflict and improved collaboration between government, organised business and organised labour.
• Economic opportunities for historically excluded and vulnerable groups are expanded and the number of sustainable small business and cooperatives is improved markedly.
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• Public employment schemes provide relief for the unemployed and build community solidarity and agency.
• Investment in research, development and innovation supports inclusive growth by enhancing productivity of existing and emerging enterprises and improving the living conditions of the poor.
Outcome 5: A skilled and capable workforce to support an inclusive growth path• A credible institutional mechanism for
labour market and skills planning. • Increased access and success in
programmes leading to intermediate and high level learning.
• Increased access to high-level occupationally directed programmes in needed areas.
• Increased access to occupationally directed programmes in needed areas and thereby expanded availability of intermediate level skills with a focus on artisan skills.
Outcome 6: An efficient, competitive and responsive economic infrastructure network• Regulation, funding and investment
approved. • Reliable generation, transmission and
distribution of energy ensured. • Maintenance, strategic expansion,
operational efficiency, capacity and competitiveness of our logistics and transport infrastructure ensured.
• Maintenance and supply availability of our bulk water resources ensured.
• Expansion, modernisation, access and affordability of our information and communication infrastructure ensured.
Outcome 7: Vibrant, equitable, sustainable rural communities contributing towards food security for all• Improved land administration and spatial
planning for integrated development in rural areas.
• Sustainable land reform contributing to agrarian transformation.
• Improved food security. • Smallholder producers development and
support (technical, financial, infrastructure) for agrarian transformation.
• Increased access to quality infrastructure and functional services, particularly in education, healthcare and public transport in rural areas.
• Growth of sustainable rural enterprises and industries – resulting in rural job creation.
Outcome 8: Sustainable human settlements and improved quality of household life• Adequate housing and improved quality of
living environments. • A functionally equitable residential
property market. • Enhance institutional capability for effective
coordination of spatial information.
Outcome 9: Responsive, accountable, effective and efficient local government• Members of society have sustainable and
reliable access to basic services. • Intergovernmental and democratic
governance arrangements for a functional system of cooperative governance and participatory democracy strengthened.
• Sound financial and administrative management.
• Promotion of social and economic development.
• Local public management programme expanded through Community Work Programme.
Outcome 10: Protect and enhance our environmental assets and natural resources• Ecosystems are sustained and natural
resources are used efficiently. • An effective climate change mitigation
and adaptation response. • An environmentally sustainable,
low-carbon economy resulting from a well-managed just transition.
• Enhanced governance systems and capacity.
• Sustainable human communities.
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Outcome 11: Create a better South Africa and contribute to a better Africa and a better world• SA’s national priorities advanced in bilateral
agreements. • An economically integrated Southern
Africa. • Political cohesion within Southern Africa
to ensure a peaceful, secure and stable Southern African region.
• A peaceful, secure and stable Africa. • A sustainable developed, and economically
integrated Africa. • An equitable and just system of global
governance. • Strong mutually beneficial South-South
cooperation. • Beneficial relations with strategic
formations of the North.
Outcome 12: An efficient, effective and deve-lopment-oriented public service• A stable political-administrative interface. • A public service that is a career of choice. • Sufficient technical and specialist
professional skills. • Efficient and effective management and
operations systems. • Procurement systems that deliver value for
money. • Increased responsiveness of public
servants and accountability to citizens. • Improved inter-departmental coordination
and institutionalisation of long-term planning.
• Improved mechanisms to promote ethical behaviour in the public service.
Outcome 13: A comprehensive, responsive and sustainable social protection system• Strengthening social welfare delivery
through legislative, policy reforms; capacity building.
• Improved quality and access to Early Childhood Development Services for children aged 0-4.
• Strengthened community development interventions.
• Deepening social assistance and expanding access to social security.
• Optimal systems to strengthen coordination, integration, planning, monitoring and evaluation of social protection services.
Outcome 14: A diverse, socially cohesive society with a common national identity (nation-building)• Fostering constitutional values. • Equal opportunities, inclusion and redress. • Promoting social cohesion across society
through increased interaction across race and class.
• Promoting active citizenry and leadership
AU Agenda 2063 AspirationsAspiration 1.A prosperous Africa based on inclusive growth and sustainable development• African people have a high standard of
living, and quality of life, sound health and well-being;
• Well educated and skilled citizens, underpinned by science, technology and innovation for a knowledge society is the
norm, and no child misses school due to poverty or any form of discrimination;
• Cities and other settlements are hubs of cultural and economic activities, with modernised infrastructure, and people have access to affordable and decent housing including housing finance together with all the basic necessities of life such as water, sanitation, energy, public transport and ICT;
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• Economies are structurally transformed to create shared growth, decent jobs and economic opportunities for all;
• Modern agriculture for increased production, productivity and value addition contributes to farmer and national prosperity and Africa’s collective food security; and
• Africa’s unique natural endowments, its environment and ecosystems, including its wildlife and wildlands, are healthy, valued and protected, with climate-resilient economies and communities.
Aspiration 2.An integrated continent, politically united, based on the ideals of Pan Africanism and the vision of Africa’s Renaissance• Be a United Africa; • Have world-class, integrative infrastructure
that crisscrosses the continent; • Have dynamic and mutually beneficial
links with her Diaspora; and • Be a continent of seamless borders and
management of cross-border resources through dialogue.
Aspiration 3.An Africa of good governance, democracy, respect for human rights, justice and the rule of law• Be a continent where democratic values,
culture, practices, universal principles of human rights, gender equality, justice and the rule of law are entrenched; and
• Have capable institutions and transformative leadership in place at all levels.
Aspiration 4.A peaceful and secure Africa• An entrenched and flourishing culture of
human rights, democracy, gender equality, inclusion and peace;
• Prosperity, security and safety for all citizens; and
• Mechanisms to promote and defend the continent’s collective security and interests.
Aspiration 5.An Africa with a strong cultural identity,
common heritage, values and ethics• Pan Africanism will be fully entrenched; • The African Renaissance has reached its
peak; and • Our diversity in culture, heritage, languages
and religion shall be a cause of strength, including the tangible and intangible heritage of Africa’s island states.
Aspiration 6.An Africa whose development is people-driven, relying on the potential of African people, especially its women and youth, and caring for children• Is people-centred and caring; • Puts children first; • Has empowered women to play their
rightful role in all spheres of life; • Has full gender equality in all spheres of
life; and • Has engaged and empowered youth.
Aspiration 7.Africa as a strong, united and influential global player and partner
• A major social, political and economic force in the world, with her rightful share of the global commons (land, oceans and space);
• An active and equal participant in global affairs, multilateral institutions, and a driver for peaceful co-existence, tolerance and a sustainable and just world; and
• Fully capable and have the means to finance her development.
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Agenda 2063 Aspirations, Goals and Priority AreasAspirations 7Goals 19Priority Areas 39
1 A Prosperous Africa, based on Inclusive Growth and Sustainable Development1.1 A High Standard of Living, Quality of
Life and Well Being for All Citizens1.1.1 Incomes, Jobs and decent work1.1.2 Poverty, Inequality and Hunger1.1.3 Social security and protection
Including Persons with Disabilities1.1.4 Modern and Livable Habitats and
Basic Quality Services
1.2 Well Educated Citizens and Skills revolution underpinned by Science, Technology and Innovation1.2.1 Education and STI skills-driven
revolution
1.3 Healthy and well-nourished citizens1.3.1 Health and Nutrition
1.4 Transformed Economies1.4.1 Sustainable and inclusive economic
growth1.4.2 STI driven Manufacturing / Industriali-
zation and Value Addition1.4.3 Economic diversification and
resilience1.4.4 Hospitality/Tourism
1.5 Modern Agriculture for increased productivity and production1.5.1 Agricultural Productivity and
Production
1.6 Blue/ ocean economy for accelerated economic growth1.6.1 Marine Resources and Energy1.6.2 Ports Operations and Marine
Transport
1.7 Environmentally sustainable and clima-
te-resilient economies and communities1.7.1 Sustainable natural resource
management and biodiversity conservation
1.7.2 Sustainable consumption and production patterns
1.7.3 Water security1.7.4 Climate resilience and natural
disasters preparedness and prevention
1.7.5 Renewable energy
2 An Integrated Continent Politically united and based on the ideals of Pan Africanism and the vision of African Renaissance
2.8 United Africa (Federal or Confederate)
2.8.1 Framework and Institutions for a United Africa
2.9 Continental Financial and Monetary Institutions are established and functional2.9.1 Financial and Monetary Institutions
2.10 World-Class Infrastructure criss crosses Africa2.10.1 Communications and Infrastructure
Connectivity
3 An Africa of Good Governance, Democracy, Respect for Human Rights, Justice and the Rule of Law
3.11 Democratic values, practices, universal principles of human rights, justice and the rule of law entrenched3.11.1 Democracy and Good Governance3.11.2 Human Rights, Justice and The Rule
of Law
3.12 Capable institutions and transformative leadership in place3.12.1 Institutions and Leadership3.12.2 Participatory Development and
Local Governance
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4 A Peaceful and Secure Africa4.13 Peace Security and Stability is preserved
4.13.1 Maintenance and Preservation of Peace and Security
4.14 A Stable and Peaceful Africa4.14.1 Institutional structure for AU
Instruments on Peace and Security
4.15 A Fully functional and operational APSA4.15.1 Fully operational and functional
APSA Pillars
5 Africa with a Strong Cultural Identity Common Heritage, Values and Ethics
5.16 African Cultural Renaissance is pre-eminent5.16.1 Values and Ideals of Pan Africanism5.16.2 Cultural Values and African
Renaissance5.16.3 Cultural Heritage, Creative Arts and
Businesses
6 An Africa Whose Development is people-driven, relying on the potential offered by African People, especially
its Women and Youth, and caring for Children
6.17 Full Gender Equality in All Spheres of Life6.17.1 Women and Girls Empowerment6.17.2 Violence & Discrimination against
Women and Girls
6.18 Engaged and Empowered Youth and Children6.18.1 Youth Empowerment and Children
7 An Africa as A Strong, United, Resilient and Influential Global Player and Partner
7.19 Africa as a major partner in global affairs and peaceful co-existence7.19.1 Africa’s place in global affairs.7.19.2 Partnership
7.20 Africa takes full responsibility for financing her development7.20.1 African Capital market7.20.2 Fiscal system and Public Sector
Revenues7.20.3 Development Assistance
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APPENDIX 5: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Sustainable Development Goal
SDG Targets SDG Indicators
Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere
1.1 By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day
1.1.1 Proportion of population below the international poverty line, by sex, age, employment status and geographical location (urban/rural)
1.2 By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions
1.2.1 Proportion of population living below the national poverty line, by sex and age
1.2.2 Proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions
1.3 Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable
1.3.1 Proportion of population covered by social protection floors/systems, by sex, distinguishing children, unemployed persons, older persons, persons with disabilities, pregnant women, newborns, work-injury victims and the poor and the vulnerable
1.4 By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services, including microfinance
1.4.1 Proportion of population living in households with access to basic services
1.4.2 Proportion of total adult population with secure tenure rights to land, with legally recognized documentation and who perceive their rights to land as secure, by sex and by type of tenure
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Sustainable Development Goal
SDG Targets SDG Indicators
Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere
1.5 By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters
1.5.1 Number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population
1.5.2 Direct economic loss attributed to disasters in relation to the global gross domestic product (GDP)
1.5.3 Number of countries that adopt and implement national disaster risk reduction strategies in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030
1.5.4 Proportion of local governments that adopt and implement local disaster risk reduction strategies in line with national disaster risk reduction strategies
1.a Ensure significant mobilization of resources from a variety of sources, including through enhanced development cooperation, in order to provide adequate and predictable means for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, to implement programmes and policies to end poverty in all its dimensions
1.a.1 Proportion of domestically generated resources allocated by the government directly to poverty reduction programmes
1.a.2 Proportion of total government spending on essential services (education, health and social protection)
1.a.3 Sum of total grants and non-debt-creating inflows directly allocated to poverty reduction programmes as a proportion of GDP
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Sustainable Development Goal
SDG Targets SDG Indicators
Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere
1.b Create sound policy frameworks at the national, regional and international levels, based on pro-poor and gender-sensitive development strategies, to support accelerated investment in poverty eradication actions
1.b.1 Proportion of government recurrent and capital spending to sectors that disproportionately benefit women, the poor and vulnerable groups
Sustainable Development Goal
SDG Targets SDG Indicators
Goal 2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
2.1 By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round
2.1.1 Prevalence of undernourishment
2.1.2 Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in the population, based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES)
2.2 By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of age, and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women and older persons
2.2.1 Prevalence of stunting (height for age
<-2 standard deviation from the median of the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards) among children under 5 years of age
2.2.2 Prevalence of malnutrition (weight for height >+2 or <-2 standard deviation from the median of the WHO Child Growth Standards) among children under 5 years of age, by type (wasting and overweight)
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Sustainable Development Goal
SDG Targets SDG Indicators
Goal 2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
2.4 By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality
2.4.1 Proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture
2.5 By 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through soundly managed and diversified seed and plant banks at the national, regional and international levels, and promote access to and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, as internationally agreed
2.5.1 Number of plant and animal genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in either medium- or long
2.5.2 Proportion of local breeds classified as being at risk, not at risk or at unknown
2.a Increase investment, including through enhanced international cooperation, in rural infrastructure, agricultural research and extension services, technology development and plant and livestock gene banks in order to enhance agricultural productive capacity in developing countries, in particular, least developed countries
2.a.1 The agriculture orientation index for government expenditures
2.a.2 Total official flows (official development assistance plus other official flows) to the agriculture sector
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Sustainable Development Goal
SDG Targets SDG Indicators
Goal 2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
2.b Correct and prevent trade restrictions and distortions in world agricultural markets, including through the parallel elimination of all forms of agricultural export subsidies and all export measures with equivalent effect, in accordance with the mandate of the Doha Development Round
2.b.1 Agricultural export subsidies
2.c Adopt measures to ensure the proper functioning of food commodity markets and their derivatives and facilitate timely access to market information, including on food reserves, in order to help limit extreme food price volatility
2.c.1 Indicator of food price anomalies
Sustainable Development Goal
SDG Targets SDG Indicators
Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
3.1 By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births
3.1.1 Maternal mortality ratio
3.1.2 Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel
3.2 By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births
3.2.1 Under-5 mortality rate 3.2.2 Neonatal mortality rate
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Sustainable Development Goal
SDG Targets SDG Indicators
Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
3.3 By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases
3.3.1 Number of new HIV infections per 1,000 uninfected population, by sex, age and key populations
3.3.2 Tuberculosis incidence per 100,000 population
3.3.3 Malaria incidence per 1,000 population
3.3.4 Hepatitis B incidence per 100,000 population
3.3.5 Number of people requiring interventions against neglected tropical diseases
3.4 By 2030, reduce by one-third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being
3.4.1 Mortality rate attributed to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory disease
3.4.2 Suicide mortality rate
3.5 Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol
3.5.1 Coverage of treatment interventions (pharmacological, psychosocial and rehabilitation and aftercare services) for substance use disorders
3.5.2 Harmful use of alcohol, defined according to the national context as alcohol per capita consumption (aged 15 years and older) within a calendar year in litres of pure alcohol
3.6 By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents
3.6.1 Death rate due to road traffic injuries
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Sustainable Development Goal
SDG Targets SDG Indicators
Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
3.7 By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and programmes
3.7.1 Proportion of women of reproductive age (aged 15–49 years) who have their need for family planning satisfied with modern methods
3.7.2 Adolescent birth rate (aged 10–14 years; aged 15–19 years) per 1,000 women in that age group
3.8 Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health-care services and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all
3.8.1 Coverage of essential health services (defined as the average coverage of essential services based on tracer interventions that include reproductive, maternal, new-born and child health, infectious diseases, non- communicable diseases and service capacity and access, among the general and the most disadvantaged population)
3.8.2 Proportion of population with large household expenditures on health as a share of total household expenditure or income
3.9 By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination
3.9.1 Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution
3.9.2 Mortality rate attributed to unsafe water, unsafe sanitation and lack of hygiene (exposure to unsafe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for All (WASH) services)
3.9.3 Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning
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Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
3.a Strengthen the implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in all countries, as appropriate
3.a.1 Age-standardized prevalence of current tobacco use among persons aged 15 years and older
3.b Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for the communicable and non-communicable diseases that primarily affect developing countries, provide access to affordable essential medicines and vaccines, in accordance with the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, which affirms the right of developing countries to use to the full the provisions in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights regarding flexibilities to protect public health, and, in particular, provide access to medicines for all
3.b.1 Proportion of the target population covered by all vaccines included in their national programme
3.b.2 Total net official development assistance to medical research and basic health sectors
3.b.3 Proportion of health facilities that have a core set of relevant essential medicines available and affordable on a sustainable basis
3.c Substantially increase health financing and the recruitment, development, training and retention of the health workforce in developing countries, especially in least developed countries and small island developing States
3.c.1 Health worker density and distribution
3.d Strengthen the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning, risk reduction and management of national and global health risks
3.d.1 International Health Regulations (IHR) capacity and health emergency preparedness
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Goal 4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
4.1 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes
4.1.1 Proportion of children and young people (a) in grades 2/3; (b) at the end of primary; and (c) at the end of lower secondary achieving at least a minimum proficiency level in
4.2 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, care and pre-primary education so that they are ready for primary education
4.2.1 Proportion of children under 5 years of age who are developmentally on track in health, learning and psychosocial well-being, by sex
4.2.2 Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age), by sex
4.3 By 2030, ensure equal access for all women and men to affordable and quality technical, vocational and tertiary education, including university
4.3.1 Participation rate of youth and adults in formal and non-formal education and training in the previous 12 months, by sex
4.4 By 2030, substantially increase the number of youth and adults who have relevant skills, including technical and vocational skills, for employment, decent jobs and entrepreneurship
4.4.1 Proportion of youth and adults with information and communications technology (ICT) skills, by type of skill
4.5 By 2030, eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal access to all levels of education and vocational training for the vulnerable, including persons with disabilities, indigenous peoples and children in vulnerable situations
4.5.1 Parity indices (female/male, rural/urban, bottom/ top wealth quintile and others such as disability status, indigenous peoples and conflict-affected, as data become available) for all education indicators on this list that can be
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Goal 4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
4.6 By 2030, ensure that all youth and a substantial proportion of adults, both men and women, achieve literacy and numeracy
4.6.1 Proportion of population in a given age group achieving at least a fixed level of proficiency in functional (a) literacy and (b) numeracy skills, by sex
4.7 By 2030, ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development, including, among others, through education for sustainable development and sustainable lifestyles, human rights, gender equality, promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence, global citizenship and appreciation of cultural diversity and of culture’s contribution to sustainable development
4.7.1 Extent to which (i) global citizenship education and (ii) education for sustainable development, including gender equality and human rights, are mainstreamed at all levels in (a) national education policies; (b) curricula; (c) teacher education; and (d) student assessment
4.a Build and upgrade education facilities that are child, disability and gender sensitive and provide safe, non-violent, inclusive and effective learning environments for all
4.a.1 Proportion of schools with access to (a) electricity;
(b) the Internet for pedagogical purposes; (c) computers for pedagogical purposes; (d) adapted infrastructure and materials for students with disabilities; (e) basic drinking water; (f) single-sex basic sanitation facilities; and (g) basic handwashing facilities (as per the WASH indicator definitions)
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Goal 4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
4.b By 2020, substantially expand globally the number of scholarships available to developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island developing States and African countries, for enrolment in higher education, including vocational training
4.b.1 Volume of official development assistance flows for scholarships by sector and type of study
4.c By 2030, substantially increase the supply of qualified teachers, including through international cooperation for teacher training in developing countries, especially least developed countries and small island developing States
4.c.1 Proportion of teachers in (a) pre-primary; (b) primary;
(c) lower secondary; and (d) upper secondary education who have received at least the minimum organized teacher training (e.g. pedagogical training) pre-service or in-service required for teaching at the relevant level in a given country
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Goal 5. Achieve gender equality andempower all women and girls
5.1 End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere
5.1.1 Whether or not legal frameworks are in place to promote, enforce and monitor equality and non- discrimination on the basis of sex
5.2 Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation
5.2.1 Proportion of ever-partnered women and girls aged 15 years and older subjected to physical, sexual or psychological violence by a current or former intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by form of violence and by age
5.2.2 Proportion of women and girls aged 15 years and older subjected to sexual violence by persons other than an intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by age and place of occurrence
5.3 Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation
5.3.1 Proportion of women aged 20–24 years who were married or in a union before age 15 and before age 18
5.3.2 Proportion of girls and women aged 15–49 years who have undergone female genital mutilation/cutting, by age
5.4 Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of public services, infrastructure and social protection policies and the promotion of shared responsibility within the household and the family as nationally appropriate
5.4.1 Proportion of time spent on unpaid domestic and care work, by sex, age and location
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Goal 5. Achieve gender equality and
5.5 Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision- making in political, economic and public life
5.5.1 Proportion of seats held by women in (a) national parliaments and (b) local governments
empower all women and girls
5.6 Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights as agreed in accordance with the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development and the Beijing Platform for Action and the outcome documents of their review conferences
5.6.1 Proportion of women aged 15–49 years who make their own informed decisions regarding sexual relations, contraceptive use and reproductive health care
5.6.2 Number of countries with laws and regulations that guarantee full and equal access to women and men aged 15 years and older to sexual and reproductive health care, information and education
5.a Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to ownership and control over land and other forms of property, financial services, inheritance and natural resources, in accordance with national laws
5.a.1 (a) Proportion of total agricultural population with ownership or secure rights over agricultural land, by sex; and (b) share of women among owners or rights-bearers of agricultural land, by type of tenure
5.a.2 Proportion of countries where the legal framework (including customary law) guarantees women’s equal rights to land ownership and/or control
5.b Enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular, information and communications technology, to promote the empowerment of women
5.b.1 Proportion of individuals who own a mobile telephone, by sex
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Goal 5. Achieve gender equality andempower all women and girls
5.c Adopt and strengthen sound policies and enforceable legislation for the promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls at all levels
5.c.1 Proportion of countries with systems to track and make public allocations for gender equality and women’s empowerment
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Goal 6. Ensure availability and sustainable management ofwater and sanitation for all
6.1 By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all
6.1.1 Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services
6.2 By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations
6.2.1 Proportion of population using safely managed sanitation services, including a hand-washing facility with soap and water
6.3 By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing the release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally
6.3.1 Proportion of wastewater safely treated
6.3.2 Proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water quality
6.4 By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity
6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
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Goal 6. Ensure availability and sustainable management ofwater and sanitation for all
6.5 By 2030, implement integrated water resources management at all levels, including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate
6.5.1 Degree of integrated water resources management implementation (0–100)
6.5.2 Proportion of transboundary basin area with an operational arrangement for water cooperation
6.6 By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes
6.6.1 Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time
6.a By 2030, expand international cooperation and capacity-building support to developing countries in water- and sanitation-related activities and programmes, including water harvesting, desalination, water efficiency, wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse technologies
6.a.1 Amount of water- and sanitation-related official development assistance that is part of a government- coordinated spending plan
6.b Support and strengthen the participation of local communities in improving water and sanitation management
6.b.1 Proportion of local administrative units with established and operational policies and procedures for participation of local communities in water and sanitation management
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Goal 7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
7.1 By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services
7.1.1 Proportion of population with access to electricity
7.1.2 Proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technology
7.2 By 2030, increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix
7.2.1 Renewable energy share in the total final energy consumption
7.3 By 2030, double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency
7.3.1 Energy intensity measured in terms of primary energy and GDP
7.a By 2030, enhance international cooperation to facilitate access to clean energy research and technology, including renewable energy, energy efficiency and advanced and cleaner fossil-fuel technology, and promote investment in energy infrastructure and clean energy technology
7.a.1 International financial flows to developing countries in support of clean energy research and development and renewable energy production, including in hybrid systems
7.b By 2030, expand infrastructure and upgrade technology for supplying modern and sustainable energy services for all in developing countries, in particular, least developed countries, small island developing States and landlocked developing countries, in accordance with their respective programmes of support
7.b.1 Investments in energy efficiency as a proportion of GDP and the amount of foreign direct investment in financial transfer for infrastructure and technology to sustainable development services
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Goal 8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainableeconomic growth, full and productive employment anddecent work for all
8.1 Sustain per capita economic growth in accordance with national circumstances and, in particular, at least 7 per cent gross domestic product growth per annum in the least developed countries
8.1.1 Annual growth rate of real GDP per capita
8.2 Achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification, technological upgrading and innovation, including through a focus on high-value-added and labour-intensive sectors
8.2.1 Annual growth rate of real GDP per employed person
8.3 Promote development-oriented policies that support productive activities, decent job creation, entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, and encourage the formalization and growth of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises, including through access to financial services
8.3.1 Proportion of informal employment in non-agriculture employment, by sex
8.4 Improve progressively, through 2030, global resource efficiency in consumption and production and endeavour to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation, in accordance with the 10-Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production, with developed countries taking the lead
8.4.1 Material footprint, material footprint per capita, and material footprint per GDP
8.4.2 Domestic material consumption, domestic material consumption per capita, and domestic
8.5 By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value
8.5.1 Average hourly earnings of female and male employees, by occupation, age and persons with disabilities
8.5.2 Unemployment rate, by sex, age and persons with disabilities
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Goal 8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainableeconomic growth, full and productive employment anddecent work for all
8.6 By 2020, substantially reduce the proportion of youth not in employment, education or training
8.6.1 Proportion of youth (aged 15–24 years) not in education, employment or training
8.7 Take immediate and effective measures to eradicate forced labour, end modern slavery and human trafficking and secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2025 end child labour in all its forms
8.7.1 Proportion and number of children aged 5–17 years engaged in child labour, by sex and age
8.8 Protect labour rights and promote safe and secure working environments for all workers, including migrant workers, in particular, women migrants, and those in precarious employment
8.8.1 Frequency rates of fatal and non- fatal occupational injuries, by sex and migrant status
8.8.2 Level of national compliance with labour rights (freedom of association and collective bargaining) based on International Labour Organization (ILO) textual sources and national legislation by sex and migrant status
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Goal 9. Build resilient infrastructure,promote inclusive and sustainableindustrialization and foster innovation
9.1 Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional and transborder infrastructure, to support economic development and human well-being, with a focus on affordable and equitable access for all
9.1.1 Proportion of the rural population
9.1.2 Passenger and freight volumes, by mode of transport
9.2 Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and, by 2030, significantly raise industry’s share of employment and gross domestic product, in line with national circumstances, and double its share in least developed countries
9.2.1 Manufacturing value-added as a proportion of GDP and per capita
9.2.2 Manufacturing employment as a proportion of total employment
9.3 Increase the access of small-scale industrial and other enterprises, in particular in developing countries, to financial services, including affordable credit, and their integration into value chains and markets
9.3.1 Proportion of small-scale industries
9.3.2 Proportion of small-scale industries with a loan or line of credit
9.4 By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable, with increased resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes, with all countries taking action in accordance with their respective capabilities
9.4.1 CO2 emission per unit of value-added
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Goal 9. Build resilient infrastructure,promote inclusive and sustainableindustrialization and foster innovation
9.5 Enhance scientific research, upgrade the technological capabilities of industrial sectors in all countries, in particular developing countries, including, by 2030, encouraging innovation and substantially increasing the number of research and development workers per 1 million people and public and private research and development spending
9.5.1 Research and development
9.5.2 Researchers (in full-time equivalent) per million inhabitants
9.a Facilitate sustainable and resilient infrastructure development in developing countries through enhanced financial, technological and technical support to African countries, least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States
9.a.1 Total official international support (official development assistance plus other official flows) to infrastructure
9.b Support domestic technology development, research and innovation in developing countries, including by ensuring a conducive policy environment for, inter alia, industrial diversification and value addition to commodities
9.b.1 Proportion of medium and high-tech industry value added in total value-added
9.c Significantly increase access to information and communications technology and strive to provide universal and affordable access to the Internet in least developed countries by 2020
9.c.1 Proportion of population covered by a mobile network, by technology
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Goal 10. Reduce inequality within and among countries
10.1 By 2030, progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom 40 per cent of the population at a rate higher than the national average
10.1.1 Growth rates of household expenditure or income per capita among the bottom 40 per cent of the population and the total population
10.2 By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status
10.2.1 Proportion of people living below 50 per cent of median income, by sex, age and persons with disabilities
10.3 Ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome, including by eliminating discriminatory laws, policies and practices and promoting appropriate legislation, policies and action in this regard
10.3.1 Proportion of population reporting having personally felt discriminated against or harassed in the previous 12 months on the basis of a ground of discrimination prohibited under international human rights law
10.4 Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage and social protection policies, and progressively achieve greater equality
10.4.1 Labour share of GDP, comprising wages and social protection transfers
10.5 Improve the regulation and monitoring of global financial markets and institutions and strengthen the implementation of such regulations
10.5.1 Financial Soundness Indicators
10.6 Ensure enhanced representation and voice for developing countries in decision-making in global international economic and financial institutions in order to deliver more effective, credible, accountable and legitimate institutions
10.6.1 Proportion of members and voting rights of developing countries in international organizations
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Goal 10. Reduce inequality within and among countries
10.7 Facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people, including through the implementation of planned and well-managed migration policies
10.7.1 Recruitment cost borne by employee as a proportion of yearly income earned in the country of destination
10.7.2 Number of countries that have implemented well- managed migration policies
10.a Implement the principle of special and differential treatment for developing countries, in particular, least developed countries, in accordance with World Trade Organization agreements
10.a.1 Proportion of tariff lines applied to imports from least developed countries and developing countries with zero-tariff
10.b Encourage official development assistance and financial flows, including foreign direct investment, to States where the need is greatest, in particular, least developed countries, African countries, small island developing States and landlocked developing countries, in accordance with their national plans and programmes
10.b.1 Total resource flows for development, by recipient and donor countries and type of flow (e.g. official development assistance, foreign direct investment and other flows)
10.c By 2030, reduce to less than 3 per cent the transaction costs of migrant remittances and eliminate remittance corridors with costs higher than 5 per cent
10.c.1 Remittance costs as a proportion of the amount remitted
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Goal 11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
11.1 By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums
11.1.1 Proportion of urban population living in slums, informal settlements or inadequate housing
11.2 By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons
11.2.1 Proportion of population that has convenient access to public transport, by sex, age and persons with disabilities
11.3 By 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and management in all countries
11.3.1 Ratio of land consumption rate to population
11.3.2 Proportion of cities with a direct participation structure of civil society in urban planning and management that operate regularly and democratically
11.4 Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage
11.4.1 Total expenditure (public and private) per capita spent on the preservation, protection and conservation of all cultural and natural heritage, by type of heritage (cultural, natural, mixed and World Heritage Centre designation), level of government (national, regional and local/municipal), type of expenditure (operating expenditure/investment) and type of private funding (donations in kind, private non-profit sector and sponsorship)
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Goal 11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
11.5 By 2030, significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected and substantially decrease the direct economic losses relative to global gross domestic product caused by disasters, including water-related disasters, with a focus on protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations
11.5.1 Number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population
11.5.2 Direct economic loss in relation to global GDP, damage to critical infrastructure and number of disruptions to basic services, attributed to disasters
11.6 By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management
11.6.1 Proportion of urban solid waste regularly collected and with adequate final discharge out of total urban solid waste generated, by cities
11.6.2 Annual mean levels of fine particulate matter (e.g. PM2.5 and PM10) in cities (population weighted)
11.7 By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities
11.7.1 Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open space for public use for all, by sex, age and persons with disabilities
11.7.2 Proportion of persons victim of physical or sexual harassment, by sex, age, disability status and place of occurrence, in the previous 12 months
11.a Support positive economic, social and environmental links between urban, peri-urban and rural areas by strengthening national and regional development planning
11.a.1 Proportion of population living in cities that implement urban and regional development plans integrating population projections and resource needs, by size of city
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Goal 11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
11.b By 2020, substantially increase the number of cities and human settlements adopting and implementing integrated policies and plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, resilience to disasters, and develop and implement, in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030, holistic disaster risk management at all levels
11.b.1 Number of countries that adopt and implement national disaster risk reduction strategies in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030
11.b.2 Proportion of local governments that adopt and implement local disaster risk reduction strategies in line with national disaster risk reduction strategies
11.c Support least developed countries, including through financial and technical assistance, in building sustainable and resilient buildings utilizing local materials
11.c.1 Proportion of financial support to the least developed countries that is allocated to the construction and retrofitting of sustainable, resilient and resource-efficient buildings utilizing local materials
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Goal 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and productionpatterns
12.1 Implement the 10-Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns, all countries taking action, with developed countries taking the lead, taking into account the development and capabilities of developing countries
12.1.1 Number of countries with sustainable consumption and production (SCP) national action plans or SCP mainstreamed as a priority or a target into national policies
12.2 By 2030, achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources
12.2.1 Material footprint, material footprint per capita, and material footprint per GDP
12.2.2 Domestic material consumption, domestic material consumption per capita, and domestic material consumption per GDP
12.3 By 2030, halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post- harvest losses
12.3.1 Global food loss index
12.4 By 2020, achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle, in accordance with agreed international frameworks, and significantly reduce their release to air, water and soil in order to minimize their adverse impacts on human health and the environment
12.4.1 Number of parties to international multilateral environmental agreements on hazardous waste, and other chemicals that meet their commitments and obligations in transmitting information as required by each relevant agreement
12.4.2 Hazardous waste generated per capita and proportion of hazardous waste treated, by type of treatment
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Goal 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and productionpatterns
12.5 By 2030, substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse
12.5.1 National recycling rate, tons of
material recycled
12.6 Encourage companies, especially large and transnational companies, to adopt sustainable practices and to integrate sustainability information into their reporting cycle
12.6.1 Number of companies publishing sustainability reports
12.7 Promote public procurement practices that are sustainable, in accordance with national policies and priorities
12.7.1 Number of countries implementing sustainable public procurement policies and action plans
12.8 By 2030, ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and awareness for sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with nature
12.8.1 Extent to which (i) global citizenship education and (ii) education for sustainable development (including climate change education) are mainstreamed in (a) national education policies; (b) curricula; (c) teacher education; and (d) student assessment
12.a Support developing countries to strengthen their scientific and technological capacity to move towards more sustainable patterns of consumption and production
12.a.1 Amount of support to developing countries on research and development for sustainable consumption and production and environmentally sound technologies
12.b Develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development impacts for sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products
12.b.1 Number of sustainable tourism strategies or policies and implemented action plans with agreed monitoring and evaluation tools
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Goal 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and productionpatterns
12.c Rationalize inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption by removing market distortions, in accordance with national circumstances, including by restructuring taxation and phasing out those harmful subsidies, where they exist, to reflect their environmental impacts, taking fully into account the specific needs and conditions of developing countries and minimizing the possible adverse impacts on their development in a manner that protects the poor and the affected communities
12.c.1 Amount of fossil-fuel subsidies per unit of GDP (production and consumption) and as a proportion of total national expenditure on fossil fuels
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Goal 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
13.1 Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate- related hazards and natural disasters in all countries
13.1.1 Number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population
13.1.2 Number of countries that adopt and implement national disaster risk reduction strategies in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030
13.1.3 Proportion of local governments that adopt and implement local disaster risk reduction strategies in line with national disaster risk reduction strategies
13.2 Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning
13.2.1 Number of countries that have communicated the establishment or operationalization of an integrated policy/ strategy/plan which increases their ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change, and foster climate resilience and low greenhouse gas emissions development in a manner that does not threaten food production (including a national adaptation plan, nationally determined contribution, national communication, biennial update report or other)
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Goal 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
13.3 Improve education, awareness-raising and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning
13.3.1 Number of countries that have integrated mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning into primary, secondary and tertiary curricula
13.3.2 Number of countries that have communicated the strengthening of institutional, systemic and individual capacity-building to implement adaptation, mitigation and technology transfer, and development actions
13.a Implement the commitment undertaken by developed- country parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to a goal of mobilizing jointly $100 billion annually by 2020 from all sources to address the needs of developing countries in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation and fully operationalize the Green Climate Fund through its capitalization as soon as possible
13.a.1 Mobilized amount of United States dollars per year between 2020 and 2025 accountable towards the $100 billion commitment
13.b Promote mechanisms for raising capacity for effective climate change-related planning and management in least developed countries and small island developing States, including focusing on women, youth and local and marginalized communities
13.b.1 Number of least developed countries and small island developing States that are receiving specialized support, and amount of support, including finance, technology and capacity-building, for mechanisms for raising capacities for effective climate change-related planning and management, including focusing on women, youth and local and marginalized communities
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Goal 14. Conserve and sustainablyuse the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainabledevelopment
14.1 By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution
14.1.1 Index of coastal eutrophication and floating plastic debris density
14.2 By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans
14.2.1 Proportion of national exclusive economic zones managed using ecosystem- based approaches
14.3 Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels
14.3.1 Average marine acidity (pH) measured at agreed suite of representative sampling stations
14.4 By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics
14.4.1 Proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels
14.5 By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific information
14.5.1 Coverage of protected areas in relation to marine areas
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Goal 14. Conserve and sustainablyuse the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainabledevelopment
14.6 By 2020, prohibit certain forms of fisheries subsidies which contribute to overcapacity and overfishing, eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and refrain from introducing new such subsidies, recognizing that appropriate and effective special and differential treatment for developing and least developed countries should be an integral part of the World Trade Organization fisheries subsidies negotiations
14.6.1 Progress by countries in the degree of implementation of international instruments aiming to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing
14.7 By 2030, increase the economic benefits to small island developing States and least developed countries from the sustainable use of marine resources, including through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism
14.7.1 Sustainable fisheries as a proportion of GDP in small island developing States, least developed countries and all countries
14.a Increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacity and transfer marine technology, taking into account the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in particular small island developing States and least developed countries
14.a.1 Proportion of total research budget allocated to research in the field of marine technology
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Goal 14. Conserve and sustainablyuse the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainabledevelopment
14.b Provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets
14.b.1 Progress by countries in the degree of application of a legal/regulatory/policy/ institutional framework which recognizes and protects access rights for small-scale fisheries
14.c Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources by implementing international law as reflected in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which provides the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources, as recalled in paragraph 158 of “The future we want
14.c.1 Number of countries making progress in ratifying, accepting and implementing through legal, policy and institutional frameworks, ocean-related instruments that implement international law, as reflected in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, for the conservation and sustainable use of the oceans and their resources
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Goal 15. Protect, restore and promotesustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems,sustainably manageforests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse landdegradation and halt biodiversity loss
15.1 By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under international agreements
15.1.1 Forest area as a proportion of total land area
15.1.2 Proportion of important sites for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity that are covered by protected areas, by ecosystem type
15.2 By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally
15.2.1 Progress towards sustainable forest management
15.3 By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation- neutral world
15.3.1 Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area
15.4 By 2030, ensure the conservation of mountain ecosystems, including their biodiversity, in order to enhance their capacity to provide benefits that are essential for sustainable development
15.4.1 Coverage by protected areas of important sites for mountain biodiversity
15.4.2 Mountain Green Cover Index 15.5.1 Red List Index
15.5 Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species
15.5.1 Red List Index
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Goal 15. Protect, restore and promotesustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems,sustainably manageforests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse landdegradation and halt biodiversity loss
15.6 Promote fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and promote appropriate access to such resources, as internationally agreed
15.6.1 Number of countries that have adopted legislative, administrative and policy frameworks to ensure fair and equitable sharing of benefits
15.7 Take urgent action to end poaching and trafficking of protected species of flora and fauna and address both demand and supply of illegal wildlife products
15.7.1 Proportion of traded wildlife that was poached or illicitly trafficked
15.8 By 2020, introduce measures to prevent the introduction and significantly reduce the impact of invasive alien species on land and water ecosystems and control or eradicate the priority species
15.8.1 Proportion of countries adopting relevant national legislation and adequately resourcing the prevention or control of invasive alien species
15.9 By 2020, integrate ecosystem and biodiversity values into national and local planning, development processes, poverty reduction strategies and accounts
15.9.1 Progress towards national targets established in accordance with Aichi Biodiversity Target 2 of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020
15.a Mobilize and significantly increase financial resources from all sources to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity and ecosystems
15.a.1 Official development assistance and public expenditure on conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems
15.b Mobilize significant resources from all sources and at all levels to finance sustainable forest management and provide adequate incentives to developing countries to advance such management, including for conservation and reforestation
15.b.1 Official development assistance and public expenditure on conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems
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Goal 15. Protect, restore and promotesustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems,sustainably manageforests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse landdegradation and halt biodiversity loss
15.c Enhance global support for efforts to combat poaching and trafficking of protected species, including by increasing the capacity of local communities to pursue sustainable livelihood opportunities
15.c.1 Proportion of traded wildlife that was poached or illicitly trafficked
Sustainable Development Goal
SDG Targets SDG Indicators
Goal 16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainabledevelopment, provide access tojustice for all and build effective,accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
16.1 Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere
16.1.1 Number of victims of intentional homicide per 100,000 population, by sex and age
16.1.2 Conflict-related deaths per 100,000 population, by sex, age and cause
16.1.3 Proportion of population subjected to physical, psychological or sexual violence in the previous 12 months
16.1.4 Proportion of population that feel safe walking alone around the area they live
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Goal 16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainabledevelopment, provide access tojustice for all and build effective,accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
16.2 End abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of violence against and torture of children
16.2.1 Proportion of children aged 1–17 years who experienced any physical punishment and/or psychological aggression by caregivers in the past month
16.2.2 Number of victims of human trafficking per 100,000 population, by sex, age and form of exploitation
16.2.3 Proportion of young women and men aged 18–29 years who experienced sexual violence by age 18
16.3 Promote the rule of law at the national and international levels and ensure equal access to justice for all
16.3.1 Proportion of victims of violence in the previous 12 months who reported their victimization to competent authorities or other officially recognized conflict resolution mechanisms
16.3.2 Unsentenced detainees as a proportion of overall prison population
16.4 By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime
16.4.1 Total value of inward and outward illicit financial flows (in current United States dollars)
16.4.2 Proportion of seized, found or surrendered arms whose illicit origin or context has been traced or established by a competent authority in line with international instruments
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Goal 16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainabledevelopment, provide access tojustice for all and build effective,accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
16.5 Substantially reduce corruption and bribery in all their forms
16.5.1 Proportion of persons who had at least one contact with a public official and who paid a bribe to a public official, or were asked for a bribe by those public officials, during the previous 12 months
16.5.2 Proportion of businesses that had at least one contact with a public official and that paid a bribe to a public official, or were asked for a bribe by those public officials during the previous 12 months
16.6 Develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions at all levels
16.6.1 Primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget, by sector (or by budget codes or similar)
16.6.2 Proportion of population satisfied with their last experience of public services
16.7 Ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making at all levels
16.7.1 Proportions of positions (by sex, age, persons with disabilities and population groups) in public institutions (national and local legislatures, public service, and judiciary) compared to national distributions
16.7.2 Proportion of population who believe decision- making is inclusive and responsive, by sex, age, disability and population group
16.8 Broaden and strengthen the participation of developing countries in the institutions of global governance
16.8.1 Proportion of members and voting rights of developing countries in international organizations
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Goal 16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainabledevelopment, provide access tojustice for all and build effective,accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
16.9 By 2030, provide legal identity for all, including birth registration
16.9.1 Proportion of children under 5 years of age whose births have been registered with a civil authority, by age
16.10 Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms, in accordance with national legislation and international agreements
16.10.1 Number of verified cases of killing, kidnapping, enforced disappearance, arbitrary detention and torture of journalists, associated media personnel, trade unionists and human rights advocates in the previous 12 months
16.10.2 Number of countries that adopt and implement constitutional, statutory and/or policy guarantees for public access to information
16.a Strengthen relevant national institutions, including through international cooperation, for building capacity at all levels, in particular in developing countries, to prevent violence and combat terrorism and crime
16.a.1 Existence of independent national human rights institutions in compliance with the Paris Principles
16.b Promote and enforce non- discriminatory laws and policies for sustainable development
16.b.1 Proportion of population reporting having personally felt discriminated against or harassed in the previous 12 months on the basis of a ground of discrimination prohibited under international human rights law
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Goal 17. Strengthen the means ofimplementation and revitalize the Global Partnershipfor Sustainable Development
Finance
17.1 Strengthen domestic resource mobilization, including through international support to developing countries, to improve domestic capacity for tax and other revenue collection
17.1.1 Total government revenue as a proportion of GDP, by source
17.1.2 Proportion of domestic budget funded by domestic taxes
17.2 Developed countries to implement fully their official development assistance commitments, including the commitment by many developed countries to achieve the target of 0.7 per cent of gross national income for official development assistance (ODA/GNI) to developing countries and 0.15 to 0.20 per cent of ODA/GNI to least developed countries; ODA providers are encouraged to consider setting a target to provide at least 0.20 per cent of ODA/ GNI to least developed countries
17.2.1 Net official development assistance, total and to least developed countries, as a proportion of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Development Assistance Committee donors’ gross national income (GNI)
17.3 Mobilize additional financial resources for developing countries from multiple sources
17.3.1 Foreign direct investment (FDI), official development assistance and South-South cooperation as a proportion of total domestic budget
17.3.2 Volume of remittances (in United States dollars) as a proportion of total GDP
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Goal 17. Strengthen the means ofimplementation and revitalize the Global Partnershipfor Sustainable Development
17.4 Assist developing countries in attaining long- term debt sustainability through coordinated policies aimed at fostering debt financing, debt relief and debt restructuring, as appropriate, and address the external debt of highly indebted poor countries to reduce debt distress
17.4.1 Debt service as a proportion of exports of goods and services
17.5 Adopt and implement investment promotion regimes for least developed countries
17.5.1 Number of countries that adopt and implement investment promotion regimes for least developed countries
Technology
17.6 Enhance North-South, South-South and triangular regional and international cooperation on and access to science, technology and innovation and enhance knowledge- sharing on mutually agreed terms, including through improved coordination among existing mechanisms, in particular at the United Nations level, and through a global technology facilitation mechanism
17.6.1 Number of science and/or technology cooperation agreements and programmes between countries, by type of cooperation
17.6.2 Fixed Internet broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, by speed
dissemination and diffusion of environmentally sound
technologies to developing countries on favourable terms, including on concessional and preferential terms, as mutually agreed
for developing countries to promote the development, transfer, dissemination
and diffusion of environmentally sound
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Goal 17. Strengthen the means ofimplementation and revitalize the Global Partnershipfor Sustainable Development
17.8 Fully operationalize the technology bank and science, technology and innovation capacity-building mechanism for least developed countries by 2017 and enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communications technology
17.8.1 Proportion of individuals using the Internet
Capacity-building
17.9 Enhance international support for implementing effective and targeted capacity-building in developing countries to support national plans to implement all the Sustainable Development Goals, including through North- South, South-South and triangular cooperation
17.9.1 Dollar value of financial and technical assistance (including through North-South, South-South and triangular cooperation) committed to developing countries
Trade
17.10 Promote a universal, rules-based, open, non- discriminatory and equitable multilateral trading system under the World Trade Organization, including through the conclusion of negotiations under its Doha Development Agenda
17.10.1 Worldwide weighted tariff-average
17.11 Significantly increase the exports of developing countries, in particular with a view to doubling the least developed countries’ share of global exports by 2020
17.11.1 Developing countries’ and least developed countries’ share of global exports
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Sustainable Development Goal
SDG Targets SDG Indicators
Goal 17. Strengthen the means ofimplementation and revitalize the Global Partnershipfor Sustainable Development
17.12 Realize timely implementation of duty-free and quota-free market access on a lasting basis for all least developed countries, consistent with World Trade Organization decisions, including by ensuring that preferential rules of origin applicable to imports from least developed countries are transparent and simple, and contribute to facilitating market access
17.12.1 Average tariffs faced by developing countries, least developed countries and small island developing States
Systemic issuesPolicy and institutional coherence
17.13 Enhance global macroeconomic stability, including through policy coordination and policy coherence
17.13.1 Macroeconomic Dashboard
17.14 Enhance policy coherence for sustainable development
17.14.1 Number of countries with mechanisms in place to enhance policy coherence of sustainable development
17.15 Respect each country’s policy space and leadership to establish and implement policies for poverty eradication and sustainable development
17.15.1 Extent of use of country-owned results frameworks and planning tools by providers of development cooperation
Multi-stakeholder partnerships
17.16 Enhance the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development, complemented by multi-stakeholder partnerships that mobilize and share knowledge, expertise, technology and financial resources, to support the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals in all countries, in particular developing countries
17.16.1 Number of countries reporting progress in multi- stakeholder development effectiveness monitoring frameworks that support the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals
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Sustainable Development Goal
SDG Targets SDG Indicators
Goal 17. Strengthen the means ofimplementation and revitalize the Global Partnershipfor Sustainable Development
17.17 Encourage and promote effective public, public- private and civil society partnerships, building on the experience and resourcing strategies of partnerships
17.17.1 Amount of United States dollars committed to public-private and civil society partnerships
17.18 By 2020, enhance capacity-building support to developing countries, including for least developed countries and small island developing States, to increase significantly the availability of high-quality, timely and reliable data disaggregated by income, gender, age, race, ethnicity, migratory status, disability, geographic location and other characteristics relevant in national contexts
17.18.1 Proportion of sustainable development indicators produced at the national level with full disaggregation when relevant to the target, in accordance with the Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics
17.18.2 Number of countries that have national statistical legislation that complies with the Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics
17.18.3 Number of countries with a national statistical plan that is fully funded and under implementation, by source of funding
17.19 By 2030, build on existing initiatives to develop measurements of progress on sustainable development that complement gross domestic product, and support statistical capacity-building in developing countries
17.19.1 Dollar value of all resources made available to strengthen statistical capacity in developing countries
17.19.2 Proportion of countries that (a) have conducted at least one population and housing census in the last 10 years; and (b) have achieved 100 per cent birth registration and 80 per cent death registration
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