Mao

1893-1976Mao

Mao ZedongCommunistPolitical LeaderMilitary StrategistIntellectualTeacherPoetCalligrapherChina during Maos Formative Years

Mao was born in Hunan ProvinceChina Divided among Imperialists

Governed by a Nasty Old Lady and her Infant Grandson, Puyi

The Dowager Empress Cixi of the Qing Dynasty

Puyi reigned from the age of 2 until age 18From Humble Beginnings

Mao is the family name. Zedong was the eldest child of a fairly prosperous peasant family and so received some education.

1919 Photo with siblingsMAO ZEDONGAn Early Revolutionary Figure1911-1912 Mao served in a Hunan Province militia against imperial rule

Emperor Puyi in 1911

Maos University LifeMajored in educationWorked at the library at Peking (Beijing)Read Karl Marx and followed Lenins lead

Mao Hones His Skills as a RebelMay 4, 1919 Mao participated in the May Fourth Movement, a student-led protest that called for the modernization of China

Mao Turns Toward Communism1921 Mao participates in the founding of the Chinese Communist PartyUnder orders from the Comintern, Mao joins the Nationalists under Sun Yat-sen

Sun in 1920, a hero to the peasantsThe Alliance is Only TemporarySun dies leaving Chaing Kai-shek as leader of the KuomintangMao establishes a rebel base to wage guerilla war in 1927

Chaing in 1930The Long March1934-19356000 mile retreat87,000 Red Army soldiersKuomintang led by German Hans von SeecktCommunists led by Russian agents under German Otto BraunAfter the Reds lose their men, Mao takes over

Maos TacticsThe enemy advances, we retreat.The enemy camps, we harass.The enemy tires, we attack.The enemy retreats, we pursue.

Mao is referred to as the father of modern guerilla tacticsRed Army v KuomintangPeasant Support Turns the TideMaos Six Principles of the Red ArmyPut back all doors when you leave a house Rice-stalk mattresses must be bundled up again and returned Be polite. Help people when you can.Give back everything you borrow, even if its only a needle. Pay for all things broken, even if only a chopstick.Dont help yourself or search for things when people are not in their housesWomen and the Red ArmyTraditional Peasant SocietyWomen were second class citizensWives are expected to do what their husbands told them to doUnmarried women were the property of their familyUnder CommunismWomen were given far more rights (not equality)Women were recruited into the Red ArmyWorld War II Impacts Mao in China

Japan Eyes Chinas ResourcesPuyi is placed on the thrown of ManchuriaJapan invades the mainland in 1937Japans Rape of Nanking shocks the world.

Japans Emperor HirohitoEmperor Puyi Maos Guerilla War against JapanForces led by Zhu De and Lin BiaoAs soon as Japan surrenders, Mao turns on ChaingChaing flees to Taiwan (Formosa)

ZHUBIAOCHAINGMao Establishes the Peoples Republic1949 the Kuomintang are defeated at Nanking

The Great Leap ForwardAnnounce in 1958 as an attempt to increase agricultural and industrial productionCommunes contain as many as 75,000 peopleSelf-governing collective farms and factoriesEach family receives a share of the profits and a small plot of landSet-backs doom progressThree years of bad harvests and floodsUSSR decides to withdraw technical expertsDidnt Look before He Leaped!Words and pictures (propaganda) didnt measure up

Reliance on Industry Shortsighted

Steel will lead the wayMao Retires as Chairman-1962Replaced by Liu ShaoqiBecomes highly critical of Khrushchevs foreign policyBy 1966, Mao springs back with a vengeance!

Liu Shaoqi, Chinas PRC Chairman 1959-1968Nikita Khrushchev, USSR Chairman1953-1964Cultural Revolution1966-1976China, not the USSR will bring about World Revolution Mao and Lin Biao will purify ChinaEnd wage differentialsStrengthen collectivesEstablish a classless societyPurge out all counter-revolutionariesOust the revisionists with the Red Guard

End of Soviet-Chinese RelationsMadame Mao (the 5th) Gains Control

That Old Gang of Mine

Revolutionary or Reactionary?Four Cleansing Movement (1963)PoliticsEconomicsIdeasOrganization

Smash the old world/Establish a new world. Classical example of Red art from the early Cultural Revolution. A worker (or possibly Red Guard) crushes the crucifix, Buddha and classical Chinese text with his hammer, 1967.Cult of Personality

Red Guard formed in a middle schoolGoal to punish Maos political enemiesNeutralize intellectualsDeeper stage of the socialist systemAbolish the Four OldsInstill the 16 PointsThe Four OldsOld CustomsOld CultureOld HabitsOld IdeasThe 16 PointsFreedom of speechPeoples Liberation ArmyTo air ones view fullyTo write big-character postersTo hold great debatesThe right to strikeTo end the bourgeoisieChange the mental attitudes of the whole of societyTo criticize and crush capitalistsRepudiate reactionary academicsTransform artChange the superstructureConsolidate socialismDiscourage religionPurge all counter-revolutionCut class and travel to discuss Maos Thoughts

Victims of the Cultural RevolutionLiu Shaoqi was sent to a detention camp and diedDeng Xiaoping was sent 3 times for re-education

The last emperor, Puyi became and gardener and a productive member of the proletariatSome of the Effects of the RevolutionMass murder and forced suicidesMillions were humiliated publically Leaders were forced to self-criticizeMassive purges of local officialsDown to the Countryside MovementFamilies limited to one childAll Chinese are to wear simple peasant clothingCitizens must read Maos Quotations and memorize each oneTwo What-evers Death of Mao Zedong (1976)