chinese revolution & mao
TRANSCRIPT
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Slide 1
Revolution in Chinaand Communist China
(How does this compare with the Russian Revolution and Stalin’s
Soviet Union)
This presentation relies heavily on a power point created by Dan McDowell. Teaching Point, ©2003
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Slide 2
Revolution in China
Where are the sources?
History is interpretation!
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Slide 3
Background
• The Qing Dynasty maintained limited power despite forced concessions to western nations and Japan at the beginning of the 20th century.
• Rural & urban workers, nationalists, communists, and intellectuals challenged the government.
• The dynasty fell in 1911 and a weak provisional government took its place.
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Slide 4
Background
• Between 1925 – 1937 the NATIONALISTS led by Chiang Kai-shek and the COMMUNISTS led by Mao Zedong fought for control of China with regional warlords.
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Slide 5
Nationalists vs Communists
• Chiang used brutal tactics against his rivals and violently attacked communists leaders and worker groups.
• Organized crime and Western powers supported Chiang.
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Slide 6
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Slide 7
Chiang Kai-shek• Encouraged continued
western investment in China and worked closely with foreign investors.
• He failed to consolidate power, improve the economy (especially the peasants), or modernize China
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Slide 8
The Long March
• In 1934 Chiang Kai-shek attacked the communist strong-hold in Hunan province.
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Slide 9
The Long March
• 100,000 men retreated 6000 miles over 370 days to a new communist base in Northern China.
• 30,000 soldiers remained
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Slide 10
Mao Zedong became the leader of the communists.
• Mao was more concerned with the plight of the Chinese peasant than Chinese urban workers.
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Slide 11
Mao Zedong
• Led the army in developing guerilla warfare tactics to fight the Nationalists and then Japanese
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Slide 12
Civil War / Japanese Invasion
• 1937 – Japan invaded China proper
• Communists and Nationalists fought the Japanese “separately together”.
• Communists were more effective in their guerilla war against the Japanese than the Nationalist army.
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Slide 13
Civil War & Cold War
• After WWII ended, civil war continued.
• The US began sending military and tactical help to Chiang Kai-shek and the USSR provided minimal help to Mao Zedong
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Slide 14
Communist Victory
1949
• Chiang Kai-shek & the Nationalists were driven out of mainland China to Taiwan, the Communists founded the People’s Republic of China.
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Slide 15
Power Base of Mao
• The Red Army was built.
• PEASANT support grew with redistribution of land by the government.
• OTHERS supported the government because of propaganda and education.
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Slide 16
Mao consolidated power
• Many who were nationalists, upper class, or dissidents were imprisoned in forced labor camps or killed.
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Slide 17
Economic Development
• Foreign economic influence was eliminated – most foreigners were kicked out of China
• A Soviet style five year plan was implemented to encourage collectivization of agriculture and rapid industrialization.
• (These efforts had limited success.)
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Slide 18
Women’s Status Improved“Women hold up half the sky.”
• Foot-binding ended and arranged marriages were limited
• Women could hold professions, join the army, and serve in the government.
• “Legal equality” with men.
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Slide 19
Women’s Status Improved?
• Women were working outside of the home AND still responsible for the home and childcare.
• Traditional emphasis on men as “superior” continued.
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Slide 20
The Hundred Flowers Policy
1957 • Goverment loosened control
of people• People were allowed to
question government policies• Significant rise in anti-
government rhetoric caused Mao to end the policy and arrest top critics
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Slide 21
Great Leap Forward
1958 - Mao attempted to reinvent Chinese economy
• Wished to industrialize outside the western model as quickly as possible– Eliminated private enterprise– Forced people out of the cities and into
communes– “Backyard steel mills” – small industrial
centers scattered throughout China
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Slide 22
Great Leap Forward = Great Leap Backward
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Slide 23
Great Leap Forward
• The plan failed miserably – famine caused 20 + million to die, steel production dropped
drastically, the program ended early, and Mao’s power was reduced
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Slide 24
Cultural Revolution
1960s• Mao wished to regain
power he lost in the Great Leap Forward and create another revolutionary movement.
• Created The Red Guard from the Chinese youth – students, peasants, & soldiers
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Slide 25
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Slide 26
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Slide 27
Cultural Revolution
• Red Guard attacked people in positions of power or privilege who publicly disagreed with Mao.
• Any “suspects” were imprisoned or forced into labor in rural areas.
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Slide 28
Cultural Revolution
• Traditional culture and education were destroyed.
• Cult of personality formed around Mao
• Eventually military leaders supported ending cultural revolution in fear that it would get out of control.
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Slide 29
China after Mao
• New communist leadership allowed some private business and farm ownership and created a stock exchange. Manufacturing increased drastically as trade boomed.
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Slide 30
China after Mao
• Overall, redistribution of wealth, education, healthcare, and living standards improved to higher levels.
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Slide 31
China after Mao
• Government control and lack of individual freedom along with a variety of economic and social problems still make China one of the least “free” places on the planet.
• Working conditions remain terrible.
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Slide 32
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Slide 33
China after Mao
• Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 --student and labor protesters were killed by government forces
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