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Man and Woman Language Variety DO YOU THINK THAT women are linguistically more polite than men??? By:

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Man and Woman Language Variety. DO YOU THINK THAT women are linguistically more polite than men??? By:. Great pressure to talk like a lady. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Man and Woman Language Variety

 Man and Woman Language Variety 

DO YOU THINK THAT women are linguistically more polite than men???By:

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Great pressure to talk like a lady

A girl is damned if she does, damned if she doesn’t. if she refuses to talk like a lady, she is ridiculed and given criticism as unfeminine; if she does learn, she is ridiculed as unable to think clearly, unable to take part in a serious discussion; in some sense, as less than fully human. These two choices which a woman has-TO BE LESS THAN A WOMAN OR LESS THAN A HUMAN-ARE HIGHLY PANFUL(Holmes, 2001:284)

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How are the language forms used men and women  in western societies?

 In  western  societies,  women  and  men  (whose social  roles  are  similar)  do  not  use  forms  that are completely different, but  they use different quantities or frequencies of the same form. For example: women use more  standard  forms than men, and men use more vernacular forms than women / women use more ing-forms than men  and  fewer  ing-forms  in words  like  coming or running. 

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But  in  western  communities,  such  differences are also  found  in  the  speech of different  social classes, therefore the language of women in the lower and higher classes is more similar to that of men in the same group.

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Gender speech difference

Tayana  is  a  young  Amazonian  Indian  woman. She  lived with her husband and children and a number of  other families in a longhouse beside the  river.  The  language  of  all  the  men  in  this tribe is Tuyuka and the language Tayana uses to talk to her children. She comes from a different tribe and her first language is Desano. She uses desano  to  her  husband,  and  he  replies  in Tuyuka.

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Yana, a north Am.Indian language

In Yana, a north American Indian language, some words used between men are longer than the same words used by women and to women, because the men’s forms sometimes add a suffix:

NO WOMEN’S FORM

MEN’S FORM

MEANING

1 BA BA-NA DEER2 YAA YAA-NA PERSON3 AU AU-NA FIRE4 NISAAKLU NISAAKLU-I HE MIGHT GO AWAY

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Japanese, watashiwa faizal des In Japanese, too, some of the men’s forms are longer, while female forms nouns are frequently prefixed by “O-”, a marker of polite or formal style.

NO WOMEN’S FORM MEN’S FORM MEANING

1 O-TOOSAN OYAJI FATHER

2 O-NAKA HARA STOMACH

3 O-ISHII UMAI DELICIOUS

4 TABERU KUU EAT

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6 women’s linguistic behavior1- Social status: women generally have a  lower social status  in society;  therefore they try  to acquire social status by using Standard English.

2- Women's role as guardian of society's values: women use more standard forms than men, because society tends to expect  'better' behavior from women than from men (women serve as modals for their children's speech).

3-  Subordinate  groups  must  be  polite:  women use more  standard  forms  than men,  because  children  and women are subordinate groups and they must avoid offending men, therefore they must speak carefully and politely.

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4- Vernacular forms express machismo: men prefer vernacular forms because they carry macho connotations of masculinity and toughness. Therefore women might not want to use such form, and use standard forms that associated with female values or femininity 

5- women's categories: Not all women marry men from the same social class, however it is perfectly possible for a women to be more educated then the man she marry, or even to have a more prestigious job than him.

6-  The  influence  of  the  interviewer  and  the  context:  women  tend  to  become  more  cooperative conversationalists than men.

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Robin Lakoff’s ling.features of women’s speech

1- Lexical hedges or fillers (you know, sort of, well, you see)2- Tag questions (she's very nice, isn’t she?)3- Rising intonation on declaratives (it's really good)4- 'Empty' adjectives (divine, charming, cute)5- Precise color terms (magenta, aquamarine)

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6- Intensifiers such as just and so (I like him so much)7- 'Hypercorrect' grammar (consistent use of standard verb forms)8- 'Super-polite' forms (indirect requests, euphemism)9- Avoidance of strong swear words (fudge, my goodness)10- Emphatic stress (it was a BRILLIANT performance)

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Man, woman or both man-woman lang.variety?

___ 1. “That’s a terrific story.”___ 2. “That’s an adorable story.”___ 3. “Damn it, the TV set broke!”___ 4. “Won’t you please close the door?”___ 5. “I was damn mad.”___ 6. “That was an adorable movie.”___ 7. “My goodness, that’s the President!”___ 8. “That’s a divine story.”___ 9. “I’ll be damned, there’s a friend of mine!”___ 10. “I was so tired.”

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M M/w M/W W/m W___ 1. “That’s a terrific story.”___ 2. “That’s an adorable story.”___ 3. “Damn it, the TV set broke!”___ 4. “Won’t you please close the door?”___ 5. “I was damn mad.”___ 6. “That was an adorable movie.”___ 7. “My goodness, that’s the President!”___ 8. “That’s a divine story.”___ 9. “I’ll be damned, there’s a friend of mine!”___ 10. “I was so tired.”

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Variable Classification

1 terrific MW2 / 6 adorable W3 damn it M4 won't you please W5 damn + ADJ. M7 my goodness W8 divine W9 I'll be damned M10 so W

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Q What are tag questions for Lakoff and what are their functions? According to Lakoff, Tag questions are syntactic devices that are used more by men to express uncertainty (she's very nice, isn't she) and they are used more by women to express positive politeness (you will study for the exam, won't you?).

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Interaction : Q Who interrupts more, men or women? Why? Studies showed that men, and even boys interrupt more, due to women's gender rather than to their role or occupation.

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 Q who gives more feedback during conversation, men or women? Studies  show  that  women  are  more cooperative and give more feedback.

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Q What is gossip? What functions does gossip have for women? What is men's equivalent activity to women's gossip? Gossip is a social not a referential function to affirm solidarity, and relieve feelings. The equivalent activity for gossip to men is mock-insults and abuse, with the function of expressing solidarity & maintaining social relationships.

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Thanks for your attention