the importance of punctuation!. a woman without her man is nothing. a woman, without her man, is...
TRANSCRIPT
The Importance of The Importance of Punctuation!Punctuation!
The Importance of The Importance of Punctuation!Punctuation!
A woman without her man is nothing.
A woman, without her man, is nothing.
A woman: without her, man is nothing.
Let’s eat, Grandma!.
Let’s eat Grandma!
Rules of CapitalizationRules of CapitalizationRules of CapitalizationRules of Capitalization
Do I need a capital letter?
Do I need a capital letter?
Or should that letter remain lower case?
Or should that letter remain lower case?
1. Capitalize the first 1. Capitalize the first letterletter of the of the first first wordword of a of a sentencesentence..1. Capitalize the first 1. Capitalize the first letterletter of the of the first first wordword of a of a sentencesentence..
the rotten pear sat in a puddle of goo the rotten pear sat in a puddle of goo on the kitchen counter.on the kitchen counter.
Dude, formal writing is not the same as texting your friend!
Dude, formal writing is not the same as texting your friend!
TThe rotten pear sat in a puddle of goo he rotten pear sat in a puddle of goo on the kitchen counter.on the kitchen counter.
Begin every sentence Begin every sentence with a capital letter!with a capital letter!Begin every sentence Begin every sentence with a capital letter!with a capital letter!
You are not supposed to begin a sentence with a You are not supposed to begin a sentence with a number!number!• If you are a star pitcher and the Yankees make If you are a star pitcher and the Yankees make
an offer, you would NOT write:an offer, you would NOT write:• $10,000,000 per game is not enough.$10,000,000 per game is not enough.
• Instead, you would write:Instead, you would write:• Ten million dollars per game is not enough.Ten million dollars per game is not enough.• A mere $10,000,000 per game is not A mere $10,000,000 per game is not
enough.enough.
2. Capitalize the pronoun2. Capitalize the pronoun II..2. Capitalize the pronoun2. Capitalize the pronoun II..
If that liar Darlene claims that she spent If that liar Darlene claims that she spent the night studying, i will say that i saw her the night studying, i will say that i saw her kissing Thomas at the movies.kissing Thomas at the movies.
If that liar Darlene claims that she spent If that liar Darlene claims that she spent the night studying, the night studying, II will say that will say that II saw saw her kissing Thomas at the movies.her kissing Thomas at the movies.
Don’t be lazy! Capitalize those I ’s.
You deserve a capital letter!
Don’t be lazy! Capitalize those I ’s.
You deserve a capital letter!
3. Capitalize 3. Capitalize proper nounsproper nouns..3. Capitalize 3. Capitalize proper nounsproper nouns..
On tuesday, september 18, elizabeth On tuesday, september 18, elizabeth cooked her first pot of squid eyeball stew. cooked her first pot of squid eyeball stew. On On TTuesday, uesday, SSeptember 18, eptember 18, EElizabeth lizabeth cooked her first pot of squid eyeball stew. cooked her first pot of squid eyeball stew.
Proper nouns include the days of the week,
the months of the year, and names.
Proper nouns include the days of the week,
the months of the year, and names.
Other Proper NounsOther Proper NounsOther Proper NounsOther Proper Nouns
TitlesTitles beforebefore NamesNames
Specific Specific PlacesPlaces
OrganizationsOrganizations CompaniesCompanies Product Product
NamesNames ReligionsReligions LanguagesLanguages
NationalitiesNationalities HolidaysHolidays DepartmentsDepartments Historical Historical
ErasEras Regions of the Regions of the
CountryCountry Course Course
NamesNames Titles of WorksTitles of Works
4. Titles Before Names4. Titles Before Names4. Titles Before Names4. Titles Before Names
PProfessor rofessor StoneStone
UUncle Jerryncle Jerry PPresident resident
ObamaObama
the nursing the nursing pprofessorrofessor
my my uunclencle the the ppresident of resident of
our stamp our stamp collecting clubcollecting club
Capitalize these!
Capitalize these!
But use lower case for these!But use lower
case for these!
Titles Before Names: Titles Before Names: Example ParagraphExample Paragraph
Titles Before Names: Titles Before Names: Example ParagraphExample Paragraph
It’s not true that Elizabeth’s It’s not true that Elizabeth’s grandmagrandma was was imprisoned for felonious sentence structure. imprisoned for felonious sentence structure. I know for a fact that I know for a fact that Uncle Bart Uncle Bart took the took the rap, although his rap, although his brotherbrother Alfred tried Alfred tried desperately to persuade desperately to persuade GrandmaGrandma to make to make a full confession. “My a full confession. “My sonson deserves to do deserves to do time,” said time,” said GrandmaGrandma, “because he split an , “because he split an infinitive when he was little and got away infinitive when he was little and got away with it.”with it.”
5. Specific Places5. Specific Places5. Specific Places5. Specific Places
TTito’s ito’s TTaco aco PPalacealace
NNew ew YYork ork CCity ity GGatorlandatorland
the the ttaco aco sstand tand outsideoutside
a a ccityity a a ttheme heme pparkark
Capitalize these!
Capitalize these!
But use lower case for these!But use lower
case for these!
6. Organizations6. Organizations6. Organizations6. Organizations
WWorld orld WWildlife ildlife FFundund
AAmerican merican RRed ed CCross ross
DDoctors octors WWithout ithout BBordersorders
an an eenvironmental nvironmental ggrouproup
an an eemergency mergency rresponse esponse aagencygency
a a mmedical edical hhumanitarian umanitarian oorganizationrganization
Capitalize these!
Capitalize these!
But use lower case for these!But use lower
case for these!
7. Companies7. Companies7. Companies7. Companies
SStarbucks tarbucks CCorporationorporation
TThe he CCoca-oca-CCola ola CCompany ompany
AApple pple IInc.nc.
a a ccoffee offee hhouseouse a a ssoda oda ssupplierupplier a a ccomputer omputer
mmanufactureranufacturer
Capitalize these!
Capitalize these!
But use lower case for these!But use lower
case for these!
8. Product Names8. Product Names8. Product Names8. Product Names
FFrappuccinorappuccino OOreo reo PPower ower MMacac
a a ffrozen rozen ccoffeeoffee a a ccookieookie a a ccomputeromputer
Capitalize these!
Capitalize these!
But use lower case for these!But use lower
case for these!
9. Religions9. Religions9. Religions9. Religions
BBuddhismuddhism SSeventh eventh DDay ay
AAdventistsdventists DDruidsruids
mmeditation editation ppracticeractice
vvegetariansegetarians nnature ature
wworshippersorshippers
Capitalize these!
Capitalize these!
But use lower case for these!But use lower
case for these!
10. Languages10. Languages10. Languages10. Languages
FFrench friesrench fries RRussian boar ussian boar SSpanish mosspanish moss
ffried ried ppotatoesotatoes wwild ild ppigsigs aair ir pplantslants
Capitalize these!
Capitalize these! But use lower
case for these!But use lower
case for these!
11. Nationalities11. Nationalities11. Nationalities11. Nationalities
BBraziliansrazilians the the FFrench rench ancient ancient
EEgyptiansgyptians
ssummerummer t touristsourists wwine ine
cconnoisseursonnoisseurs ppyramid yramid bbuildersuilders
Capitalize these!
Capitalize these!
But use lower case for these!But use lower
case for these!
12. Holidays12. Holidays12. Holidays12. Holidays
TThanksgivinghanksgiving HHalloweenalloween FFourth of ourth of JJulyuly
ffamilyamily d dinnerinner ccostume ostume ppartyarty ffireworks ireworks sshowhow
Capitalize these!
Capitalize these! But use lower
case for these!But use lower
case for these!
13. Departments13. Departments13. Departments13. Departments
DDivision of ivision of MMotor otor VVehiclesehicles
OOrlando rlando FFire ire DDepartmentepartment
IInternal nternal RRevenue evenue SServiceervice
ddriver’sriver’s l licenseicense ffirefightersirefighters ttax ax ccollectorsollectors
Capitalize these!
Capitalize these!
But use lower case for these!But use lower
case for these!
14. Historical Eras14. Historical Eras14. Historical Eras14. Historical Eras
LLate ate CCretaceousretaceous
OOld ld KKingdom ingdom the the GGreat reat
DDepressionepression
wwhen hen ddinosaurs inosaurs llivedived
pproliferation of roliferation of ppyramidsyramids
ppoor oor eeconomic conomic ttimesimes
Capitalize these!
Capitalize these!
But use lower case for these!But use lower
case for these!
15. Regions of the 15. Regions of the CountryCountry
15. Regions of the 15. Regions of the CountryCountry
the the SSouthouth the the NNortheastortheast the the WWestest
the the ssouth exitouth exit blowing from theblowing from the
nnortheastortheast wwest of the mallest of the mall
Capitalize these!
Capitalize these!
But use lower case for these!But use lower
case for these!
16. Course Names16. Course Names16. Course Names16. Course Names
FFundamentals undamentals of of BBiologyiology
IIntermediate ntermediate AAlgebra lgebra
CContemporary ontemporary LLiteratureiterature
bbiologyiology aalgebralgebra lliteratureiterature
Capitalize these!
Capitalize these!
But use lower case for these!But use lower
case for these!
17. Titles of Works17. Titles of Works17. Titles of Works17. Titles of Works
MMoby-oby-DDickick AAliensliens TThrillerhriller
a thick a thick nnovelovel the best the best mmovie ovie
ever madeever made a dance a dance aalbumlbum
Capitalize these!
Capitalize these! But use lower
case for these!But use lower
case for these!
Quick TestQuick TestQuick TestQuick Test
Directions:Directions: In the items that follow, choose In the items that follow, choose the option that corrects an error in the the option that corrects an error in the underlined portion(s). If no error exists, choose underlined portion(s). If no error exists, choose “No change is necessary.”“No change is necessary.”
Show me what you
know.
Show me what you
know.
Answers to Handout Answers to Handout Quiz!Quiz!
Answers to Handout Answers to Handout Quiz!Quiz!
Byron likes spicy foods, so he chose the Asian Byron likes spicy foods, so he chose the Asian
chicken wrap. Martha prefers bland dishes and chicken wrap. Martha prefers bland dishes and
ordered a large basket of french fries.ordered a large basket of french fries.
A.A.asianasianB.B.LargeLargeC.C.FrenchFrenchD.D.No change is necessary.No change is necessary.
Item 1Item 1Item 1Item 1
Byron likes spicy foods, so he chose the Byron likes spicy foods, so he chose the AsianAsian AAchicken wrap. Martha prefers bland dishes and chicken wrap. Martha prefers bland dishes and
ordered a ordered a largelarge basket of basket of frenchfrench fries. fries. B CB C
A.A.asianasianB.B.LargeLargeC.C.FrenchFrenchD.D.No change is necessary.No change is necessary.
Byron likes spicy foods, so he chose the Byron likes spicy foods, so he chose the AsianAsian AAchicken wrap. Martha prefers bland dishes and chicken wrap. Martha prefers bland dishes and
ordered a ordered a largelarge basket of basket of FrenchFrench fries. fries. B B CC
A.A.asianasianB.B.LargeLargeC.C.FrenchFrenchD.D.No change is necessary.No change is necessary.
Item 2Item 2Item 2Item 2
Janelle will take Fundamentals of Biology next Janelle will take Fundamentals of Biology next
semester; she hates Science classes but needs the semester; she hates Science classes but needs the
credits to transfer to a university.credits to transfer to a university.
A.A.fundamentals of biologyfundamentals of biologyB.B.sciencescienceC.C.UniversityUniversityD.D.No change is necessary.No change is necessary.
Janelle will take Janelle will take Fundamentals of BiologyFundamentals of Biology next next AAsemester; she hates semester; she hates ScienceScience classes but needs the classes but needs the BBcredits to transfer to a credits to transfer to a universityuniversity.. CC
A.A.fundamentals of biologyfundamentals of biologyB.B.sciencescienceC.C.UniversityUniversityD.D.No change is necessary.No change is necessary.
Janelle will take Janelle will take Fundamentals of BiologyFundamentals of Biology next next AAsemester; she hates semester; she hates sciencescience classes but needs the classes but needs the BBcredits to transfer to a credits to transfer to a universityuniversity.. CC
A.A.fundamentals of biologyfundamentals of biologyB.B.sciencescienceC.C.UniversityUniversityD.D.No change is necessary.No change is necessary.
Item 3Item 3Item 3Item 3
My family prefers to cook a ham on holidays, but My family prefers to cook a ham on holidays, but
uncle Bart is a vegetarian, so my mother prepares uncle Bart is a vegetarian, so my mother prepares
““tofurkey” for him.tofurkey” for him.
A.A.HolidaysHolidaysB.B.UncleUncleC.C.VegetarianVegetarianD.D.No change is necessary.No change is necessary.
My family prefers to cook a ham on My family prefers to cook a ham on holidaysholidays, but , but AAuncleuncle Bart is a Bart is a vegetarianvegetarian, so my mother prepares , so my mother prepares BB CC““tofurkey” for him.tofurkey” for him.
A.A.HolidaysHolidaysB.B.UncleUncleC.C.VegetarianVegetarianD.D.No change is necessary.No change is necessary.
My family prefers to cook a ham on My family prefers to cook a ham on holidaysholidays, but , but AAUncleUncle Bart is a Bart is a vegetarianvegetarian, so my mother prepares , so my mother prepares BB CC““tofurkey” for him.tofurkey” for him.
A.A.HolidaysHolidaysB.B.UncleUncleC.C.VegetarianVegetarianD.D.No change is necessary.No change is necessary.
Item 4Item 4Item 4Item 4
Dai is vietnamese, but she grew up in Puerto Dai is vietnamese, but she grew up in Puerto
Rico, where she attended cooking school; now Rico, where she attended cooking school; now
she is the head chef at the Cuban restaurant on she is the head chef at the Cuban restaurant on
Orange Avenue.Orange Avenue.
A.A.VietnameseVietnameseB.B.Cooking SchoolCooking SchoolC.C.cubancubanD.D.No change is necessary.No change is necessary.
Dai is Dai is vietnamesevietnamese, but she grew up in Puerto , but she grew up in Puerto AARico, where she attended Rico, where she attended cooking schoolcooking school; now ; now BBshe is the head chef at the she is the head chef at the CubanCuban restaurant on restaurant on CCOrange Avenue.Orange Avenue.
A.A.VietnameseVietnameseB.B.Cooking SchoolCooking SchoolC.C.cubancubanD.D.No change is necessary.No change is necessary.
Dai is Dai is VietnameseVietnamese, but she grew up in Puerto , but she grew up in Puerto AARico, where she attended Rico, where she attended cooking schoolcooking school; now ; now BBshe is the head chef at the she is the head chef at the CubanCuban restaurant on restaurant on CCOrange Avenue.Orange Avenue.
A.A.VietnameseVietnameseB.B.Cooking SchoolCooking SchoolC.C.cubancubanD.D.No change is necessary.No change is necessary.
Item 5Item 5Item 5Item 5
Turn left! We need to go west on Highway 50; Turn left! We need to go west on Highway 50;
otherwise, we will be heading toward otherwise, we will be heading toward
Daytona beach.Daytona beach.
A.A.WestWestB.B.highway 50highway 50C.C.Daytona BeachDaytona BeachD.D.No change is necessNo change is necessaary.ry.
Turn left! We need to go Turn left! We need to go westwest on on Highway 50Highway 50; ; AA BBotherwise, we will be heading toward otherwise, we will be heading toward
Daytona beachDaytona beach.. CC
A.A.WestWestB.B.highway 50highway 50C.C.Daytona BeachDaytona BeachD.D.No change is necessNo change is necessaary.ry.
Turn left! We need to go Turn left! We need to go westwest on on Highway 50Highway 50; ; AA BBotherwise, we will be heading toward otherwise, we will be heading toward
Daytona BeachDaytona Beach.. CC
A.A.WestWestB.B.highway 50highway 50C.C.Daytona BeachDaytona BeachD.D.No change is necessNo change is necessaary.ry.
Item 6Item 6Item 6Item 6
Katelyn used her last dollar to buy m&m candies; Katelyn used her last dollar to buy m&m candies;
she would have enjoyed a Pepsi to wash them she would have enjoyed a Pepsi to wash them
down but the cafeteria prices were too expensive.down but the cafeteria prices were too expensive.
A.A.M&MM&MB.B.pepsipepsiC.C.CafeteriaCafeteriaD.D.No change is necessary.No change is necessary.
Katelyn used her last dollar to buy Katelyn used her last dollar to buy m&mm&m candies; candies; AAshe would have enjoyed a she would have enjoyed a PepsiPepsi to wash them to wash them BBdown but the down but the cafeteriacafeteria prices were too expensive. prices were too expensive. CC
A.A.M&MM&MB.B.pepsipepsiC.C.CafeteriaCafeteriaD.D.No change is necessary.No change is necessary.
Katelyn used her last dollar to buy Katelyn used her last dollar to buy M&MM&M candies; candies; AAshe would have enjoyed a she would have enjoyed a PepsiPepsi to wash them to wash them BBdown but the down but the cafeteriacafeteria prices were too expensive. prices were too expensive. CC
A.A.M&MM&MB.B.pepsipepsiC.C.CafeteriaCafeteriaD.D.No change is necessary.No change is necessary.
Item 7Item 7Item 7Item 7
Juan is taking a religion class this semester; he Juan is taking a religion class this semester; he
likes the professor and the readings, but he most likes the professor and the readings, but he most
enjoys the intoxicating perfume that Isabella, his enjoys the intoxicating perfume that Isabella, his
tablemate, wears.tablemate, wears.
A.A.ReligionReligionB.B.ProfessorProfessorC.C.PerfumePerfumeD.D.No change is necessary.No change is necessary.
Juan is taking a Juan is taking a religionreligion class this semester; he class this semester; he AAlikes the likes the professorprofessor and the readings, but he most and the readings, but he most BBenjoys the intoxicating enjoys the intoxicating perfumeperfume that Isabella, his that Isabella, his CCtablemate, wears.tablemate, wears.
A.A.ReligionReligionB.B.ProfessorProfessorC.C.PerfumePerfumeD.D.No change is necessary.No change is necessary.
Juan is taking a Juan is taking a religionreligion class this semester; he class this semester; he AAlikes the likes the professorprofessor and the readings, but he most and the readings, but he most BBenjoys the intoxicating enjoys the intoxicating perfumeperfume that Isabella, his that Isabella, his CCtablemate, wears.tablemate, wears.
A.A.ReligionReligionB.B.ProfessorProfessorC.C.PerfumePerfumeD.D.No change is necessary.No change is necessary.
Item 8Item 8Item 8Item 8
Patrick visited the police station to see if someone Patrick visited the police station to see if someone
had found Squeeze, his 9-foot albino python, but had found Squeeze, his 9-foot albino python, but
officer Rodriguez said that no reptiles had been officer Rodriguez said that no reptiles had been
recently caught.recently caught.
A.A.Police StationPolice StationB.B.PythonPythonC.C.OfficerOfficerD.D.No change is necessary.No change is necessary.
Patrick visited the Patrick visited the police stationpolice station to see if someone to see if someone AAhad found Squeeze, his 9-foot albino had found Squeeze, his 9-foot albino pythonpython, but , but BBofficerofficer Rodriguez said that no reptiles had been Rodriguez said that no reptiles had been CCrecently caught.recently caught.
A.A.Police StationPolice StationB.B.PythonPythonC.C.OfficerOfficerD.D.No change is necessary.No change is necessary.
Patrick visited the Patrick visited the police stationpolice station to see if someone to see if someone AAhad found Squeeze, his 9-foot albino had found Squeeze, his 9-foot albino pythonpython, but , but BBOfficerOfficer Rodriguez said that no reptiles had been Rodriguez said that no reptiles had been CCrecently caught.recently caught.
A.A.Police StationPolice StationB.B.PythonPythonC.C.OfficerOfficerD.D.No change is necessary.No change is necessary.
Item 9Item 9Item 9Item 9
Jeffrey thought he would hate humanities, but Jeffrey thought he would hate humanities, but
once Professor Kimble reached the Italian once Professor Kimble reached the Italian
renaissance, the beautiful marble nudes got renaissance, the beautiful marble nudes got
Jeffrey’s attention.Jeffrey’s attention.
A.A.HumanitiesHumanitiesB.B.professorprofessorC.C.RenaissanceRenaissanceD.D.No change is necessary.No change is necessary.
Jeffrey thought he would hate Jeffrey thought he would hate humanitieshumanities, but , but AAonce once ProfessorProfessor Kimble reached the Italian Kimble reached the Italian BBrenaissancerenaissance, the beautiful marble nudes got , the beautiful marble nudes got CCJeffrey’s attention.Jeffrey’s attention.
A.A.HumanitiesHumanitiesB.B.professorprofessorC.C.RenaissanceRenaissanceD.D.No change is necessary.No change is necessary.
Jeffrey thought he would hate Jeffrey thought he would hate humanitieshumanities, but , but AAonce once ProfessorProfessor Kimble reached the Italian Kimble reached the Italian BBRenaissanceRenaissance, the beautiful marble nudes got , the beautiful marble nudes got CCJeffrey’s attention.Jeffrey’s attention.
A.A.HumanitiesHumanitiesB.B.professorprofessorC.C.RenaissanceRenaissanceD.D.No change is necessary.No change is necessary.
Item 10Item 10Item 10Item 10
Niki is a practicing hindu, so she was offended Niki is a practicing hindu, so she was offended
when Sean pulled into a McDonald’s drive-thruwhen Sean pulled into a McDonald’s drive-thru
to order a Big Mac.to order a Big Mac.
A.A.HinduHinduB.B.mcdonald’smcdonald’sC.C.big macbig macD.D.No change is necessary.No change is necessary.
Niki is a practicing Niki is a practicing hinduhindu, so she was offended , so she was offended AAwhen Sean pulled into a when Sean pulled into a McDonald’sMcDonald’s drive-thru drive-thru BBto order a to order a Big MacBig Mac.. CC
A.A.HinduHinduB.B.mcdonald’smcdonald’sC.C.big macbig macD.D.No change is necessary.No change is necessary.
Niki is a practicing Niki is a practicing HinduHindu, so she was offended , so she was offended AAwhen Sean pulled into a when Sean pulled into a McDonald’sMcDonald’s drive-thru drive-thru BBto order a to order a Big MacBig Mac.. CC
A.A.HinduHinduB.B.mcdonald’smcdonald’sC.C.big macbig macD.D.No change is necessary.No change is necessary.
the end.the end.TThe end.he end.TThe he EEnd.nd.
Better.Better.