mainstreaming eco-based adaptation in vulnerability assessments - paper

8/8/2019 Mainstreaming Eco-based Adaptation in Vulnerability Assessments - paper

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Aem`yxvleam`b xkl Ehe~xexmg`y e`h Vlh|im`b xkl S|o`lvefmomx} gc xkl

^ggv h|l xg Iomaexl Ike`bl

I.V.Ve`beèxke`/ J.êoe`myeam/ J.V.Jej|ae`| e`h F.Ebeyxm`

Efyxveix

Ae`} gc xkl v|veo ~ggv m` hlslog~m`b ig|`xvmly hl~l`h g` ebvmi|ox|vl e`h klìl mx my g`lgc xkl il`xveo evley gc cgi|y. Y|yxemèfol omslomkggh e~~vgeikly ie` fl |ylh ex fgxk ~gomi}e`h ~vgdlix olslo xg m`mxmexl `lr ~gslvx} vlh|ixmg` eixmsmxmly e`h aghmc} l{myxm`b eixmsmxmlyxg ma~vgsl omslomkggh mìgaly. Yx|hmly cvga agvl xke` 53 ig|`xvmly m` Ecvmie/ Ealvmie/L|vg~l e`h Eyme kesl mhl`xmcmlh 5>8 hmcclvl`x ~veixmily vlolse`x xg iomaexl ike`blehe~xexmg` ve`bm`b cvga xlik`gogb} hlslog~al`x xg aeèblal`x/ m`cveyxv|ix|vlhlslog~al`x/ omslyxgij/ bvg|`hrexlv hlslog~al`x e`h j`grolhbl. Ike`bly m`m`yxmx|xmgèo e`h aevjlx ig`hmxmg`y rmoo m`co|lìl xkl hlslog~al x gc xkl ehg~xmg`yxvexlbmly. Fgxk yxv|ix|veo +y|ik ey coggh lafe`jal`xy/ f|mohm`b hmjly gv ylereooy gvl`keìm b xkl èx|veo ylxxm b gv oe`hyie~l- e`h `g`!yxv|ix|veo m`xlvsl`xmg`y +~gomimly/j`grolhbl hlslog~al`x/ erevl`lyy e`h alxkghy e`h g~lvexm b ~veixmily/ mìo|hm`b~evxmim~exgv} alike myay/- klo~ vlh|il xkl ma~eix gc iomaexl ike`bl. C|vxklv/ aevjlxfeylh m`yxv|al`xy y|ik ey ivlhmxy e`h ivg~ m`y|veìl eoyg klo~ xkl kg|ylkgohy m` ae`}hlslog~m`b ig|`xvmly xg ig~l rmxk xkl |ìlvxem`xmly. M`cgvaeo m`yxmx|xmg`y eoyg ~oe} e jl}vgol ey xkl} vlo} g` l`cgvilal`x alxkghy `gx y|~~gvxlh f} xkl bgslvàl`x. Xkl m`cgvaeom`yxmx|xmg`y kesl vggxy m` xkl ogieo igaa|`mxmly e`h evl laflhhlh m` rmxk xkl l{myxm`bi|yxgay/ xvehmxmg`y/ v|oly gc ig`h|ix e`h flomlc. Ma~gymxmg` gc rexlv vmbkxy my bggh ieyl.Aem yxvleam b ehe~xexmg` e`h l`keìm b ehe~xmsl ie~eimx} ig|oh fl mìvleylh f}lìg|vebm`b ~evx`lvykm~y flxrll` m`cgvaeo ~vgilyyly e`h cgvaeo m`xlvsl`xmg`y xgceimomxexl ehe~xexmg` f} xkl ~ggv. Xkl igyx gc ehe~xexmg` m` hlslog~m`b ig|`xvmly rmoo flevg|`h \Y( 2.5 fmoomg`'}lev e`h ebvmi|ox|veo vlylevik e`h hlslog~al x/ mvvmbexmg`hlslog~al`x/ m`cveyxv|ix|vl e`h mvvmbexmg` lccmimlì} l`keìlal`x `llh agvl exxl`xmg`.

5.> M`xvgh|ixmg`

Iomaexl Ike`bl +II- key e smxeo vgol g` fmgy~klvl gc levxk. II e`h sevmefmomx} evligìlv`y gc k|ae`jm`h. Xkl ig`ylu|lìly gc iomaexl ike`bl mìo|hl aloxm`b boeimlvy/agvl gv olyy ~vlim~mxexmg`/ agvl e`h agvl l{xvlal rlexklv lsl`xy e`h ykmcxm`b yleyg`y.Rl evl bgm`b xg fl ecclixlh xkl agyx f} y|ik iomaexl ike`bly.Xkl iomaexl ike`bl keyyxevxlh cvga xkl oeyx xrg il`x|vmly h|l xg xkl e`xkvg~gbl`mi vloleyl gc bvll`kg|yl beylycvga cgyymo c|loy f|v`x. Xkmy rmoo ig`xm`|l e`h ike`bl xkl iomaexl m` xkl c|x|vl xgg. Xklaem` igìlv` vemylh f} bogfeo revam`b my xkex iomaexmi sevmexmg`y eoxlv xkl rexlv i}iol:m`hllh m` ae`} ieyly/ xkl hexe ykgr xkex xkl k}hvgogbmieo i}iol my eovleh} flm`b ma~eixlh+Hvebg`m 5==;/ F|ccg`m lx eo. 6>>6/ Oefex lx eo. 6>>8/ K|`xm`bxg` 6>>3/ MÎI 6>>2-. Xklike`bly m` ivg~~m`b ~exxlv`/ oe`h |yl ~exxlv` e`h gslv l{~ogmxexmg` gc rexlv yxgvebl evlhmyx|vfm b xkl k}hvgogbmieo i}iol gc ae`} iomaexmi vlbmg`y e`h vmslv feym`y. Xklk}hvgogbmieo i}iol m`sgosly ~vgilyy gc lse~gvexmg` e`h ~vlim~mxexmg` rkmik evl ~vlhmixlh

Xkl smlry l{~vlyylh m` xkmy ~e~lv'~vlyl`xexmg` evl xkl smlry gc xkl e|xkgv+y- e`h hg `gx `lilyyevmo} vlcolix xklsmlry gv ~gomimly gc xkl Eyme` Hlslog~al`x Fe`j +EHF-/ gv mxy Fgevh gc Hmvlixgvy/ gv xkl bgslvàl`xy xkl}vl~vlyl`x. EHF hgly `gx b|eve`xll xkl yg|vil/ gvmbmèomx}/ eii|vei}/ iga~olxl`lyy gv vlomefmomx} gc e`} yxexlal`x/m`cgvaexmg`/ hexe/ cm`hm`b/ m`xlv~vlxexmg`/ ehsmil/ g~m`mg`/ gv smlr ~vlyl`xlh/ `gv hgly mx aejl e`} vl~vlyl`xexmgìgìlv`m`b xkl yeal.


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xg ykmcx rmxk iomaexl ike`bl. Hlivleyl m` ag`ygg` vem`ceoo rg|oh vlh|il xkl y|vceilcogry e`h `lx vlikevbl gc bvg|`hrexlv olsloy. M` ehhmxmg`/ sevmefmomx} gc e``|eo ag`ygg`vem`ceoo eoyg olehy xg l{xvlal hvg|bkxy e`h cogghy ecclixm`b xkl ebvmi|ox|veo ~vgh|ixmgè`h èxmgèo lig`gamly. Yx|hmly g` m`xlv!e``|eo e`h og`b!xlva sevmefmomx} gc ag`ygg`vem`ceoo kesl eoyg m`hmiexlh xkex sevmexmg` m` vem`ceoo cgv xkl y|fig`xm`l`x my yxexmyxmieoo}

ymb`mcmie`x +Xke~om}eo e`h J|oykvlyxke 5==5/ Yvmseyxese lx eo. 5==6-. \ym`b xkl esemoefolomxlvex|vl e`h cmloh yx|hmly/ xkl ~e~lv l{eam`ly xkl g~xmg y gc vlh|im`b xkl s|o`lvefmomx}gc xkl ~ggv xkvg|bk m`xlbvexlh iomaexl ike`bl ehe~xexmg` yxvexlbmly.

6.> Iomaexl ike`bl e`h gslveoo bvg|`hrexlv |yl

Bvg|`hrexlv aeèblal`x ~vgfolay kesl ~gxl`xmeoo} k|bl ma~omiexmg`y h|l xg xklbogfeo revam`b. M`hme key lalvblh ey xkl bogfeo ikea~mg` m` bvg|`hrexlv mvvmbexmg`~|a~m b evg|`h 66>!69> FIA ~lv }lev/ rkmik my xrmil xkl eag|`x gc xkl \YE +Cmb|vl5-. G` xkl gxklv ke`h mx my eoyg `gxlh xkex e` eslvebl hvg~ m` bvg|`hrexlv olslo f} g`lalxlv rg|oh mìvleyl M`hme`y xgxeo ievfg` lamyymg`y f} gslv 5,/ flie|yl gc xkl c|loig`y|a~xmg` m` l{xveixm`b xkl yeal eag|`x gc rexlv +Aeoo lx eo. 6>>3-. Xkl evle

~vgdlixlh f} bvg|`hrexlv mvvmbexmg` m` 6>>9/ y|bblyxy xkex mìvleyl m` ievfg` lamyymgìg|oh fl 8.; , cgv leik alxlv hvg~ gc bvg|`hrexlv olsloy. Yk|joe lx eo./ 6>>9 eoygl{~oem` xkex lslv} alxlv hliom`l m` ~|a~m`b rexlv olsloy mìvleyly bvll` kg|yl beylamyymg`y f} < , m` M`hme. @lslvxklolyy/ Ievxlv 6>>2 y~limc} xkex èx|veo vlikevbl gcbvg|`hrexlv gii|vy m` evley rklvl slblxexmsl igslv my kmbk.

Ylslveo e|xkgvy kesl eoyg eij`grolhblh xkex xklvl my e` mìvleym`b xvl`h m`y|vceil xla~lvex|vl/ rmxk hlivleym`b xvl`hy m` vem`ceoo +Km`be`l lx eo. 5=;>6/ Jvm~eoe`m lxeo./ 5==3-. Ag`ygg` vem`ceoo my ig`ymhlvlh ey xkl ma~gvxe`x iomaexmi ~kl`gal`g` m` xklM`hme` y|fig`xm`l`x e`h xkl ehdgm`m`b Eyme` e`h Ecvmie` vlbmg`y. E`h xkl |xmomx} gc~vlim~mxexmg` ~vmaevmo} hl~l`hy |~g` mxy y~exmeo e`h xla~gveo hmyxvmf|xmg`. Ex xkl yealxmal e kmbk hlbvll gc igvvloexmg` eoyg l{myxy flxrll` xkl vem ceoo e`h ebvmi|ox|veo~vgh|ixmg` +Behbmo 6>>9-.


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Cmb|vl 5. Bvgrxk m` ebvmi|ox|veo bvg|`hrexlv |yl m` ylolixlh ig|`xvmly4 5=8>!6>5>

Yg|vil4 Ykek/ 6>>=

9.> Iomaexl ike`bl lcclixy g` ebvmi|ox|veo ~vgh|ixmg`

Ymìl ae`} gc xkl v|veo ~ggv m` hlslog~m`b ig|`xvmly hl~l`h g` ebvmi|ox|vl/ mx my

g`l gc xkl il`xveo evlèy m` rkmik xkl xkvlex ~gylh f} iomaexl ike`bl a|yx fl ig`cvg`xlhf} vlylevik m`yxmx|xmg`y e`h ma~olal`xm b eblìmly gv fghmly/ fl mx `g`bgslvàl`xeo gvbgslvàl`xeo. Xkl vli|vvl`x hvg|bkxy e`h cogghy xkvlexl` xkl omslomkggh gc fmoomg`y gc~lg~ol rkg hl~l`h g` xkl ebvmi|ox|vl cgv agyx gc xklmv `llhy. Ebvmi|ox|vl my `gx gò}yl`ymxmsl xg II f|x ex xkl yeal xmal mx my g`l gc xkl aedgv hvmslvy cgv II. Xkl iomaexlyl`ymxmsmx} gc ebvmi|ox|vl my |ìlvxem / ey xklvl my vlbmgèo sevmexmg` gc vem`ceoo/xla~lvex|vl/ ivg~y e`h ivg~~m`b y}yxlay/ ygmo e`h aeèblal`x ~veixmily. \`hlvyxe`hm`bxkl rlexklv ike`bly gslv e ~lvmgh gc xmal e`h ehd|yxm`b xkl aeèblal`x ~veixmilyxgrevhy eikmlsm`b flxxlv kevslyx my e ikeool`bl xg xkl bvgrxk gc ebvmi|ox|veo ylixgv ey erkgol. Xkl ivg~ ogyyly ae} mìvleyl mc xkl ~vlhmiexl iomaexl ike`bl mìvleyly xkl iomaexlsevmefmomx}. Hmcclvl`x ivg~y vly~g`h hmcclvl`xo} ey xkl bogfeo revam`b rmoo kesl e

iga~ol{ ma~eix. Ma~eix gc y|ik II g` ebvmi|ox|vl rmoo fl g`l gc xkl aedgv hlimhm`bceixgvy m`co|lìm`b xkl c|x|vl cggh yli|vmx}.

Eiigvhm`b xg Ebbevreo 6>>;/ xkl rklex ~vgh|ixmg` hlivleyly gslv xkl xmal rmxkxkl ike`bl m` iomaexmi ig`hmxmg`y +5 hlbvll mìvleyl m` xla~lvex|vl-. H|vm`b xkl oeyxhliehl yx|hmly kesl fll` ig`h|ixlh m` YL Yg|xk Ealvmie xg eyylyy xkl ma~eix gc II e`hm`xlve``|eo sevmefmomx} g` ebvmi|ox|veo ~vgh|ixmg` e`h hlslog~m`b e~~omiexmg`y gc yleygèoiomaexl cgvlieyxy cgv xkl ebvmi|ox|veo ylixgv +Felxkbl` e`h Aevbm 5==< e`h Alyym e lxeo./ 5===-. Xkl yx|hmly kesl ig`ymhlvlh ivg~y yl~evexlo} e`h kesl fll` gvml`xlh xgmhl`xmc} ebvg`gami aeèblal`x ~veixmily xg flxxlv ig~l |~ rmxk iomaexl ike`bly e`hsevmefmomx}.

Cm`blv lx eo./ 6>5> keh xlyxlh xkl ma~eix gc iomaexl ike`bl g` Yrmyy aemtl~vgh|ixmg` rmxk e fmg~}kmyieo e`h lig`gami e~~vgeik. Yma~ol ehe~xexmg` g~xmg`y y|ik eyykmcxy m` ygrm`b hexly e`h ehd|yxal xy m` ~vgh|ixmg` m`xl`ymx} rmxk mvvmbexmg` rlvlig`ymhlvlh. Xkl vly|oxy ykgr xkex xkl ma~eix gc II g` }mloh olsloy my yaeoo f|x }mlohsevmefmomx} mìvleyly m` vem clh ~vgh|ixmg . Agvlgslv/ e|xkgvy cm`h xkex ike`bly m`m`yxmx|xmgèo e`h aevjlx ig`hmxmg`y rmoo m`co|lìl xkl hlslog~al`x gc xkl Yrmyy aemtl~vgh|ixmg` e`h ehg~xmg` gc mvvmbexmg` m` c|x|vl. Y|fylu|l`xo} ylslveo e~~vgeikly keslfll` e~~omlh xg yx|h} xkl ma~eix gc iomaexl ike`bl.

Xkvll e~~vgeikly kesl fll` rmhlo} |ylh m` xkl omxlvex|vl xg aley|vl xklyl`ymxmsmx} gc ebvmi|ox|veo ~vgh|ixmg` xg iomaexl ike`bl smt./ ivgyy!ylixmgèo aghloy/ebvg`gami!lig`gami aghloy/ e`h e` ebvg!ligogbmieo tg`l +ELT- aghloy. Xkl ebvg`gamie`h ebvg!ligogbmieo tg`l aghloy lyyl`xmeoo} yllj xg u|e`xmc} xkl ma~eix gc xklyle`xmim~exlh ike`bly g` ebvmi|ox|veo ~vgh|ixmg` y}yxlay agyxo} f} yma|oexm`b xklylike`bly |`hlv ig`xvgoolh ig`hmxmg`y. Lig`gami iga~g`l`xy evl ehhlh y|fylu|l`xo} xgea~omc} xklyl lcclixy xg oevblv evley e`h m` xlvay gc lig`gami ma~eix. Ivgyy ylixmgèoaghloy hmcclv m` lyylìl cvga xklyl aghloy f} vligb`mtm`b xkex h|vm`b xkl ~vgilyy gc IIxkl y}yxlay y|fdlixlh xg y|ik ike`bly hg xl`h xg lsgosl xg am`mamtl xkl vmyjy m`sgoslhe`h yxejlkgohlvy m` xklyl y}yxlay hg xl`h xg ehe~x xkvg|bk xlik`gogbmieo e`h sevmg|y


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gxklv g~xmg`y. Xkl ivgyy!ylixmgèo yx|hmly y|bblyx xkex ehe~xexmg` ig|oh vlh|il ivg~ ogyylym` hlslog~m`b ig|`xvmly. Xkl ivgyy!ylixmgèo e~~vgeik l{eam`ly ceva ~lvcgvaeìl eivgyyhmcclvl`x hmyxvmixy gv vlbmg`y |ym`b Vmievhme` x}~l gc aghloy.

Xkl agyx ma~gvxe`x ehse`xebl gc xkl Vmievhme` e~~vgeik my mxy efmomx} xg ie~x|vlxkl ehe~xexmg` xkex cevalvy aejl m` vly~g`yl xg ogieo l`smvgàl xeo ig`hmxmg`y. Mx

ie~x|vly xkl eix|eo vly~g`yl vexklv xke` xkl ig`xvgoolh g`ly. M` ehhmxmg`/ mx my ie~efol gcie~x|vm`b xkl cevalvy ikgmily gslv ivg~ am{ m`yxleh gc }mloh. E seomh ivmxmimya gc xklVmievhme` e~~vgeik my xkex mx key kmyxgvmieoo} eyy|alh xkl ~vmil xg fl lu|momfvm|a e`h mìeyl gc ymb`mcmie`x iomaexl ike`bl xkl ivg~ ~vmil ig|oh ike`bl cgv e ~vgog`blh ~lvmgh.\`hlv y|ik imvi|ayxeìly/ xkl Vmievhme` lyxmaexl rg|oh fl lmxklv gslv gv|`hlvlyxmaexm`b xkl iomaexl ike`bl ma~eixy/ hl~l`hm`b g` kgr xkl ~vmily ike`bl. Xklfmey rey ieoi|oexlh xg fl yaeoo m` agyx vlolse`x l{ea~oly gc iomaexl ike`bl +Al`hloygk`lx eo./ 5==3-. êoe`myeam lx eo./ 6>>= e~~omlh xkl aghlo xg xkl igeyxeo hmyxvmixy gc Xeamo @eh| yxexl m` M`hme e`h cg|`h xkex e``|eo e`h og`b xlva iomaexl sevmefoly l{lvxymb`mcmie`x m`co|lìly g` xkl hl~l`hl`x sevmefoly y|ik ey evle e`h }mloh.

8.> Ehg~xmg` l{~lvmlìly m` xkl ig`xl{x gc y|yxemèfol omslomkgghy

II key a|oxm!hmal`ymgèo lcclix g` k|ae`mx} m` xlvay gc ylslveo ygimg!lig`gami~evealxlvy. Mhl`xmc}m`b xkl ~evealxlvy xkex key efmomx} xg ehd|yx xg gv vligslv cvga xkl`lbexmsl ma~eixy e`h xejl ehse`xebl gc ~gymxmsl ma~eixy gc xkl i|vvl`x iomaexl sevmefmomx}my lyyl`xmeo. Klìl/ vlylevik key xejl` ehse`xebl gc iomaexl sevmefmomx} eivgyy oevblblgbve~kmieo evley/ xg yx|h} hmcclvl`x ehe~xexmg` yxvexlbmly. Yiml`xmcmi yx|hmly m` xklig`xl{x gc y|ik ehe~xmsl ie~eimx} xg s|o`lvefmomx} kesl eoyg hlslog~lh +êxx lx eo. 6>>>2-. G`l gc xkl re}y xg |`hlvyxe`h omslomkggh y}yxlay my xg eèo}tl xkl ig~m`be`h ehe~xmsl yxvexlbmly ~|vy|lh f} m`hmsmh|eoy e`h igaa|`mxmly ey e vly~g`yl xg l{xlvèoykgijy e`h yxvlyyly y|ik ey hvg|bkx/ imsmo yxvmcl e`h ~gomi} cemo|vly. Xklvl my/ kgrlslv/ e`ma~gvxe`x hmyxmìxmg` flxrll` ig~m`b e`h ehe~xmsl yxvexlbmly. Ig~m`b yxvexlbmly evl gcxl`

e ykgvx!xlva vly~g`yl xg e y~limcmi ykgij/ y|ik ey hvg|bkx. Eixmg`y ig|oh mìo|hlyrmxikm`b xg i|oxmsexmg` gc hvg|bkx!vlymyxe x ivg~y gv vlomeìl g` l{xlvèo cggh emh.Ehe~xmsl yxvexlbmly/ g` xkl gxklv ke`h/ l`xemo e og`b!xlva ike`bl m` flkesmgv ~exxlv`y ey evly|ox gc e ykgij gv yxvlyy.

Xklvl my `g ym bol y|yxem efol omslomkggh e~~vgeik e`h eoo lolal`xy m` xkle~~vgeikly evl ymamoev. Y|yxemèfol omslomkggh e~~vgeikly ie` fl |ylh ex fgxk ~gomi} e`h~vgdlix olslo xg m`mxmexl `lr ~gslvx} vlh|ixmg` eixmsmxmly e`h aghmc} l{myxm`b eixmsmxmly xgma~vgsl omslomkggh mìgaly. Y|yxemèfol omslomkggh xkm`jm`b ig`ymhlvy s|o`lvefmomxmly gceoo jm`hy gc il`xveo xg xkl re}y m` rkmik omslomkgghy evl yke~lh. Xrg aem` ey~lixy gcs|o`lvefmomx} evl ig`ymhlvlh rmxkm` xkl y|yxemèfol omslomkggh e~~vgeik/ 5- xkl l{xl`x xg

rkmik hmcclvl`x bvg|~y evl l{~gylh xg ~evxmi|oev xvl`hy/ ykgijy e`h yleygèomx} e`h 6-kgr xklmv omslomkgghy evl ecclixlh f} xklyl m`co|lìly.

M` ae`} ig|`xvmly omslyxgij my eoyg ig`ymhlvlh ey xkl feijfg`l gc ebvmi|ox|vl e`heoyg ig`ymhlvlh ey e` eyylx rkmik ie` fl |ylh h|vm`b ~lvmghy gc hmyxvlyy/ ey xkl} ~vgsmhlhve|bkx ~grlv e`h ceva}evh ae`|vl. Xkl} eoyg kesl e` mìvleym`b hlae`h cgv omslyxgij~vgh|ixy rkmik gcclvy aevjlx g~~gvx|`mxmly e`h mìgal cgv yaeoo kgohlv ~vgh|ilvy e`hoe`holyy +Jvmyxdme`yg`/ 6>>=-. Omslyxgij ~vgh|ixmg` bogfeoo} ceily mìvleym`b ~vlyy|vlflie|yl gc `lbexmsl l`smvgàl`xeo ma~omiexmg`y ~evxmi|oevo} flie|yl gc bvll`kg|yl bey


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lamyymg`y +Yxlm`cloh lx eo./ 6>>3-. Flymhly xklyl bvll`kg|yl beyly/ kmbk rexlvvlu|mvlal`x m` omslyxgij ~vgh|ixmg` y}yxla my e aedgv igìlv`. Xkl vloexmg`ykm~ flxrllòmslyxgij e`h xkl l`smvgàl`x evl iga~ol{ e`h e~~lev xg fl smlrlh slv} hmcclvl`xo} cvgahlslog~lh e`h hlslog~m`b ig|`xv} ~lvy~lixmsl. Xkl iomaexl ike`bl ma~eixy gc omslyxgij~vgh|ixmg` kesl fll` rmhlo} kmbkombkxlh/ ~evxmi|oevo} xkgyl eyygimexlh rmxk ve~mho}

mìvleym`b m`h|yxvmeo omslyxgij g~lvexmg`y m` Eyme +yxlm`cloh lx eo./ 6>>3-. Fo|aalo lx eo.6>5> eoyg l{~oem`lh efg|x xkl omslyxgij ig`xvmf|xmg` xg iomaexl ike`bl e`h yxvexlbmly cgvig| xlveixm`b `lbexmsl l`smvgàl`xeo lcclix ie|ylh f} omslyxgij. Xkl e|xkgvy keslvl~gvxlh efg|x xkl cllh amxmbexmg` g~xmg`y cgv vlh|im`b xkl ievfg` lamyymg`.

Xmoo lx eo./ 6>5> vlsmlrlh 52 yx|hmly igslvm`b hexe cvga agvl xke` 53 ig|`xvmly mÈcvmie/ Ealvmie/ L|vg~l e`h Eyme e`h cg|`h 5>8 hmcclvl`x ~veixmily vlolse`x xg iomaexlike`bl ehe~xexmg` +xefol 5-.

Xefol 54 Ehe~xexmg` ~veixmily ~lv iexlbgv}

Iexlbgv} gc ehe~xexmg`@g. gc hmcclvl`x

~veixmily@g. gc ~veixmily al`xmg`lhmìo|hm`b a|oxm~ol e`yrlvy

Ceva aeèblal`x e`hxlik`gogb}

Bgslvàl`x m`xlvsl`xmg`y m`m`cveyxv|ix|vl/ kleoxk e`h vmyjvlh|ixmg`

66 6=

J`grolhbl aeèblal`x/`lxrgvjy e`h bgslvèìl

5= 95

Xgxeo 5>8 665>.

AiIevx`l} e`h Yaejxkm` +6>5>- ~gm`x g|x xkex rexlv my xkl ~vmìm~eo alhm|axkvg|bk rkmik xkl ygimlxeo yxvlyyly gc iomaexl ike`bl rmoo fl ae`mclyxlh. Eoxkg|bk xkll{eix ma~eixy vlaem` |ìlvxem`/ m` ae`} ~oeily/ lsl` rklvl xgxeo vem`ceoo mìvleyly/iomaexl ike`bl rmoo agyx omjlo} mìvleyl vem`ceoo sevmefmomx}. Rmxkg|x hg|fx xkgyl rkgrmoo fl agyx ehslvylo} ecclixlh evl xkl ~ggv/ rkg eovleh} yxv|bbol xg ig~l rmxk l{myxm`bsevmefmomx}. Xkl} rmoo cm`h mx mìvleym`bo} hmccmi|ox xg ~vgxlix xklmv ceamomly/ omslomkgghy e`hcggh y|~~o} cvga xkl `lbexmsl ma~eixy gc yleygèo vem`ceoo e`h hvg|bkxy e`h cogghy/ eoo gcrkmik rmoo fl l{eilvfexlh f} iomaexl ike`bl.

Klìl/ rexlv yxgvebl ~oe} e aedgv vgol cgv fgxk y|yxemèfol hlslog~al`x e`h

ehe~xexmg` xg iomaexl ike`bl. F} ~vgsmhm`b e f|cclv/ rexlv yxgvebl vlh|ily vmyj e`hgccylxy ygal gc xkl ~gxl`xmeo `lbexmsl ma~eixy gc iomaexl ike`bl/ xklvlf} vlh|im`b xkls|o`lvefmomx} gc ~lg~ol. Rexlv yxgvebl ie` l`keìl fgxk rexlv yli|vmx} e`h ebvmi|ox|veo~vgh|ixmsmx} +cmb|vl 6-.

^vlyl`x iomaexls|o`lvefmomx}+~vl!ehe~xexmg`-

Rexlv yxgvebl+ehe~xexmg`yxvexlb}-

Mìvleylhesemoefmomx} e`heiilyy xg rexlv

5. Mìvleylh ehe~xmsl ie~eimx}6. Mìvleylh ebvmi|ox|veo

~vgh|ixmsmx}9. Mìvleylh rexlv yli|vmx}

C|x|vl iomaexls|o`lvefmomx} +~gyx!ehe~xexmg`-


6/23

Cmb|vl 64 Rexlv yxgvebl ey e` ehe~xexmg` yxvexlb} xg vlh|il iomaexl s|o`lvefmomx}

Yg|vil4 AiIevx`l} e`h Yaejxkm`/ 6>5>

Yxgvebl key mxy gr` `mikl m` xlvay gc xlik`mieo cleymfmomx}/ ygimglig`gamiy|yxemèfmomx}/ ma~eix g` kleoxk e`h l`smvgàl`x e`h m`yxmx|xmgèo vlu|mvlal`xy. Leik`llhy xg fl ig`ymhlvlh ievlc|oo} rmxkm` xkl ig xl{x gc mxy blgbve~kmi/ i|ox|veo e`h~gomxmieo ogiexmg`. Cgv m`yxeìl/ êoe`myeam lx eo./ 6>5> key ig`ymhlvlh sevmg|y xe`jaeèblal`x g~xmg`y m` M`hme cgv y|yxem`m`b xe`j mvvmbexmg` ~gxl`xmeo e`h rexlv yxgveblh|l xg iomaexl ike`bly. Xkl sevmg|y aeèblal`x g~xmg`y lseo|exlh f} xkl e|xkgvy evlvlyg|vil agfmomtexmg` xkvg|bk a|oxm~ol |yly/ ig`slvymg` gc xe`j m`xg ~lvigoexmg` ~g`hy/ieèo om`m`b e`h yo|mil aeèblal`x/ om`jm`b xe`j ygimeo e`h xe`j hlymomxm`b e`h xe`jaghlv`myexmg` +xefol 6-.

Xefol 64 Lseo|exmg` gc hmcclvl`x xe`j ma~vgslal`x yxvexlbmly |`hlv iomaexl ike`bl

Yxvexlbmly^vgh|ixmsmx

} vexmg

Lu|mx}

vexmg F'I vexmg MVV +,-

Yo|mil aghmcmiexmg` 5.> ! >.< >

Yo|mil aeèblal`x 5.5 6.3 5> 586

Ieèo om`m`b 5.9 5.3 5.; 68.8

Ehhmxmgèo rlooy 5.9 5.< 5.2 69..; 5 5.< 69.6

Yo|mil aeèblal`x * ehhmxmgèorlooy * ieèo om`m`b

5.< 5.6 5.2 69.2

Vgxexmg` aeèblal`x

ehhmxmgèo rlooy * ieèo om`m`b

5.< 5.6 5.8 96.5>

Yo|mil aeèblal`x mìvleylh xkl vmil ~vgh|ixmg` f} 58 ,. Xkl g~xmg`y gc ieèo om`m`b~vgsmhm`b ehhmxmgèo rlooy e`h yo|mil vgxexmg` mìvleylh xgxeo vmil ~vgh|ixmg` f} flxrll`9> e`h 93 ,. Xkl bvlexlyx ~vgh|ixmg` mìvleyl gii|vvlh rkl` aeèblal`x e`h ~k}ymieom`slyxal`x yxvexlbmly rlvl |ylh m` igafmèxmg`.

Xkl gxklv g~xmg`y mìo|hl cggh yxgvebl e`h aeèblal`x yxvexlbmly cgv y|yxemèfolomslomkggh. M` Lxkmg~me cevalvy evl klesmo} vlome`x g` vem`!clh y|fymyxlìl ebvmi|ox|vl. Xkloeij gc yxgvebl m`cveyxv|ix|vl ale`y cevalvy kesl omamxlh efmomx} xg ig~l rmxk hvg|bkxye`h cogghy. Xklyl omamxexmg`y evl lyxmaexlh xg igyx xkl lig`ga} g`l!xkmvh gc mxy bvgrxk

~gxl`xmeo. Xkl Lxkmg~me` ieyl my e bggh moo|yxvexmg` gc xkl |vbl`x `llh cgv e~~vg~vmexlm`slyxal xy m` rexlv yxgvebl xg mìvleyl ebvmi|ox|veo ~vgh|ixmsmx} e`h xg l`y|vl xkexcevalvy kesl g~xmg`y cgv ehd|yxm`b xg xkl igam`b iomaexl ike`bly +MRAM/ 6>>= ~gomi}fvmlc-.

Xkl ykmcx m` xkl ivg~~m`b ~exxlv` rg|oh eoyg vl~vlyl`x xkl ehe~xexmg` flkesmg|v gcxkl cevalvy. Cgv m`yxeìl/ m` Xeamo @eh| |`hlv Ie|slv} vmslv feym` cevalvy kesl ykmcxlhxkl ivg~~m`b ~exxlv` xg xkl ike`bm`b iomaexmi ig`hmxmg`y. Xefol 9 ~vgsmhly xkl ike`bly m`


7/23

ivg~~m`b ~exxlv` ehg~xlh f} xkl yea~ol cevalvy. Mx bmsly xkl m`cgvaexmg` g` xkl ivg~~m`b~exxlv` cgoogrlh f} xkl cevalvy < }levy ebg e`h h|vm`b i|vvl`x }lev e`h xkl xve`ymxmg`y.

Xefol 9. Ivg~~m`b ~exxlv` ike`bly gslv }levy

I|vvl`x ]lev Xgxeo

Cmsl]levyEbg Ivg~ êhh Aemtl Ygvbk|a Bvg|`h`| Igxxg` Y|bevie`l Igig`|x

êhh} 568 9 9 ! 56 55 ! 5

Ygvbk|a ! ! ! ! ! ! ! >

Bvg|`h`| 5 ! ! ! ! ! ! 5

Igxxg` 3 ! ! 6 56 ! ! 6>

Y|bevie`l 6 ! ! ! ! ! 6 8

Igig`|x ! ! ! ! ! 6 ! 6

Xgxeo 599 9 9 6 68 59 6 5;>

Mx ig|oh fl yll` xkex xkl i|oxmsexmg` gc xkl aedgv yxefol ivg~ +~ehh}- key hlivleylhiga~evlh xg igaalvimeo ivg~ y|ik ey y|bevie`l e`h igxxg`. Efg|x ;< ~lv il`x gc xklcevalvy/ rkg vemylh ~ehh} cmsl }levy ebg/ keh ykmcxlh xg gxklv igaalvimeo ivg~y. Xkl~lvil`xebl gc igaalvimeo ivg~ bvgrlvy y|ik ey igxxg` e`h y|bevie`l key mìvleylh cvga55 ~lv il`x xg 58 e`h 6.66 xg 2.66 ~lv il`x vly~lixmslo}. Gxklv cevalvy keh yrmxiklh gslvxg aemtl e`h ygvbk|a ivg~y rkmik hlae`h olyy rexlv. Xkl ~lvil`xebl gc bvg|`h`|xi|oxmsexmg` key mìvleylh cvga >.5>-. \`hlv e hmyeyxlv vmyj vlh|ixmg` m`mxmexmsl feylh |~g` ~vlyl`x e`h kmyxgvmieo

l{~lvmlìly/ xklvl my e bvlexlv omjlomkggh xkex hlymb` omamxy cgv yxv|ix|veo aley|vly/ y|ikey coggh lafe`jal`xy/ rmoo `gx fl ehlu|exl m` xkl ceil gc iomaexl ike`bl. Ymamoev myy|lyig|oh fl ceilh rkl` ig`ymhlvm`b ike`bly m` xkl cvlu|lì} e`h ylslvmx} gc yxgvay/hvg|bkx/ e`h gxklv iomaexl!vloexlh ~kl`galè/ mìo|hm`b yle!olslo vmyl. M`mxmexmslycgi|ylh g` iomaexl ike`bl ehe~xexmg` evl agvl omjlo} xg hlymb` yxv|ix|veo aley|vly rmxkig`ymhlvexmg` cgv `lr ~vlhmixlh ma~eixy +Xlevc|`h 6>>;-. Xkl yxv|ix|veo m`xlvsl`xmg`yie` m`sgosl ~|xxm`b |~ gc evxmcmimeo ~k}ymieo yxv|ix|vly m` xkl oe`hyie~l +l.b. f|mohm`bhmjly gv ylereooy gv l`keìm`b xkl èx|veo ylxxm`b gv oe`hyie~l m` y|ik e ae``lv yg ey xg


8/23

~vgsmhl ~vgxlixmg` cvga xkl iomaexl!vloexlh igeyxeo ketevhy-/ ~oe`xm`b gc ae`bvgsly/fleik `g|vmykal`x/ ig`yxv|ixm`b vlylvsgmvy lxi. Cgv rexlv vlyg|vily/ rexlv yxgvebl ie` flig`ymhlvlh e ig xm`||a gc y|vceil e`h y|fy|vceil g~xmg`y +Cmb|vl 9-. Leik key e`ma~gvxe`x vgol xg ~oe} |`hlv xkl vmbkx imvi|ayxeìly e`h ie` ig`xvmf|xl xg cggh yli|vmx}e`h ~gslvx} vlh|ixmg`.

Eoo xkl yxgvebl e`h agmyx|vl ig`xvgo g~xmg`y hgly`x cmx cgv eoo xkl ~|v~gyly. Cgvl{ea~ol/ l`keìm b ygmo agmyx|vl ie` fl`lcmx ebvmi|ox|vl f|x rmoo `gx ig`xvmf|xl xgk}hvg~grlv ~vgh|ixmg` gv m`h|yxvmeo e`h hgalyxmi y|~~o}. M` e`} bmsl` ogiexmg` xklma~eix gc hmcclvl`x x}~ly gc yxgvebl g` ~gslvx} ie` sev} ymb`mcmie`xo} rmxkygal g~xmg`y flm b a|ik agvl lcclixmsl m` vlh|im b ~gslvx} xke`gxklvy +Kebgy lx eo./ 6>5>-. M` gxklv rgvhy/ fgvlkgoly ae} kesl ebvlexlv ma~eix xke` yaeoo vlylvsgmvy m` ygal imvi|ayxeìly e`h smil!slvye m` gxklvy. Mx my `gx eore}y iolev rk} e ~evxmi|oev g~xmg` myy|iilyyc|o ygalxmaly e`h m`lcclixmsl gxklvy.

Cmb|vl 94 Igìl~x|eomtexmg` gc xkl ~k}ymieo rexlv yxgvebl ig`xm`||a.

Yg|vil4 AiIevx`l} e`h Yaejkxm`/ 6>5>

Cgv l{ea~ol/ m` Bkeè/ ygal yaeoo vlylvsgmvy kesl olh xghmslvymcmiexmg` e`h agvl yxefol e`h vlomefol mìgal cgv cevalvy rkmoyxgxklvy/ ig`yxv|ixlh `levf} |`hlv yllam`bo} eoagyx mhl`xmieoig`hmxmg`y/ kesl ym`b|oevo} cemolh xg fvm b efg|x ymb`mcmie`x ike`bl.Klìl/ m` e`} bmsl` ymx|exmg`/ leik x}~l gc yxgvebl key mxy gr` `mikl m`

Eu|mclvy

Y\FY\VCE

IL

Y\VCE

IL

Eiil

yy

Mìvleym`b yxgveblvlomefmomx}

Mìvleym`b yxgveblvlomefmomx}

^g`hy e`hxe`jy

Ygmoagmyx|vl

@ex|veo rlxoe`hy +oejly/yrea~y/ lxi.-

Mìvleym`bi

e~mxeo/l`smvg

àl`xeoe`hygimeo

igyxy

e`

h

ae

ebla

l`xiga~ol{mx}

hll~ykeoogr

Vlylvsgmvy

yaeoo oevbl

Eoo gc xkl efgsl

ôe`xm`bivg~y

Fgvlkgoly/ hll~' ykeoogr rlooy/lxi.

Hmvlix/F|ijlxy/~|a~y

Hea g|xolxy/~|a~y/ gcc!xejlxgrlvy


9/23

xlvay gc xlik`mieo cleymfmomx}/ ygimg!lig`gami y|yxemèfmomx} e`hm`yxmx|xmgèo vlu|mvlal`xy/ ey rloo ey ma~eix g` ~|fomi kleoxk e`h xkll`smvgàl`x.

@g`!yxv|ix|veo aley|vly vlclv xg ~gomimly/ j`grolhblhlslog~al`x/ erevl`lyy e`h alxkghy e`h g~lvexm`b ~veixmily/

mìo|hm`b ~evxmim~exgv} alike`myay/ rkmik ie` vlh|il vmyj e`h vloexlhma~eixy +MYHV/ 6>5>-. Xklyl `g`!yxv|ix|veo aley|vly evl rloo ~oeilhxg ylvsl fgxk hmyeyxlv vmyj vlh|ixmg` e`h iomaexl ike`bl ehe~xexmgèbl`he. Xkl h}èamya eyygimexlh rmxk xvem`m`b e`h erevl`lyy!vemym`bale`y xkex ~lg~ol e`h m`yxmx|xmg`y ie` e~~o} yjmooy e`h j`grolhbl m`hmcclvl`x imvi|ayxeìly ey xkl} lalvbl. Cgv l{ea~ol/ erevl`lyy!vemym`b ey e iga~g`l`x gc e` levo} rev m`b y}yxla xg ig~l rmxki|vvl`x coggh vmyjy my rloo ~oeilh xg cgva e` lcclixmsl feymy |`hlv ehmcclvl`x c|x|vl coggh yilèvmg. M`xlbvexm`b iomaexl ike`bl vmyjy vlu|mvly agvlcol{mfol/ ~vlsl`xmsl e`h cgvrevh!oggjm`b e~~vgeikly/ e`h rmoo m`sgosl olbeo/ m`yxmx|xmgèoe`h ~gomi} ike`bly. Cgv l{ea~ol/ iomaexl ike`bl ehe~xexmg` ig|oh fl ceimomxexlh xkvg|bkbvlexlv |yl gc aevjlx!feylh m`yxv|al`xy y|ik ey lccmiml`x rexlv ~vmim`b e`h rexlvaevjlxy/ e`h vmyj!feylh m`y|veìl cgv ~vg~lvxmly/ cogghy e`h hvg|bkxy.

M` xkl efylìl gc aevjlx feylh m`yxv|al`xy y|ik ey ivlhmxy e`h ivg~ m`y|veìl/ceva kg|ylkgohy m` ae`} hlslog~m`b ig|`xvmly rmoo `gx `lilyyevmo} bvgr xkl agyx~vgcmxefol ivg~y. Vexklv/ xkl} rmoo ikggyl xg hlsgxl ygal +gv eoo- gc xklmv oe`h xg ogr vmyj/ogr!}mloh ivg~y m` gvhlv xg l`y|vl xkex xkl} rmoo y|vsmsl lsl` m` rgvyx!ieyl yilèvmgy m`rkmik ae`} gc xkl ivg~y cemo. Xklvl my e` g`bgm`b hlfexl efg|x kgr y|ik aevjlx cemo|vlyecclix xkl l{xl`x xg rkmik/ e`h kgr ve~mho}/ cevalvy m` hlslog~m`b ig|`xvmly ehe~x xgiomaexl ike`bl/ e`h rkex xkl ~gomi} ma~omiexmg`y gc xkmy evl. Ehblv +5===/ 6>>9- cm`hyxkex ygimeo e`h m`yxmx|xmgèo ie~mxeo my iv|imeo cgv cevam`b igaa|`mxmly ie~eimx} xg ehe~x.

Lejm` e`h E~~l`hm`m +6>>;- evb|l xkex xvehmxmgèo e|xg`gag|y ehe~xexmg` xg iomaexlsevmefmomx} my agvl col{mfol xke` ~oe``lh ehe~xexmg` eixmsmxmly evl omjlo} xg fl. Yklraejl+6>>;-/ yx|h}m`b Yg|xk Ecvmie` cevalvy/ evb|ly xkex ae`} gc xkla evl kmbko} s|o`lvefolxg iomaexl co|ix|exmg`y ey mx my/ e`h klìl vmyj flm`b ecclixlh y|fyxe`xmeoo} f} ehhmxmgèoiomaexl ike`bl. Lejm` +6>>>;- yx|h} xkl vgol gc vmyj eslvymg` cgv cevam`b yxvexlbmly gcgyxl`ymfo} ~vgcmx ae{mamtm`b igaalvimeo cevalvy m` I}~v|y/ e`h cm`h xkex ~lvilmslh vmyjaexxlvy ig`ymhlvefo} lsl` cgv xklyl cevalvy. A|ye`bg e`h ^lxlv +6>>2- ioema xkex `lmxklv

~gomi}aejlvy `gv cevalvy j`gr kgr yl`ymxmsl hmcclvl`x ebvmi|ox|veo eixmsmxmly eix|eoo} evlxg iomaexl co|ix|exmg`y/ e`h yx|h} xkl yig~l cgv ehe~xexmg` yxvexlbmly bmsl` xklylomamxexmg`y. @}g`b lx eo. +6>>2- evb|l xkex Ecvmie` cevalvy eovleh} kesl e vmik ylx gcig~m`b yxvexlbmly xkex ~gomi}aejlvy e`h gxklvy ie` hver |~g`: Fevvmgy lx eo. +6>>;-/ g`xkl gxklv ke`h/ evb|l xkex kmyxgvmieo l{~lvmlìl hlag`yxvexly xkex Ecvmie` cevalvy keslomxxol ie~eimx} xg ig~l rmxk iomaexl co|ix|exmg`y. Ie`hlo +6>>2-/ Aehhmyg` +6>>2- e`h@klaeiklè e`h Keyye` +6>>2- hmyi|yy xkl ma~gvxeìl gc eiilyy xg m`y|veìl e`h eiilyyxg ivlhmx cgv e|xg`gag|y ehe~xexmg`. Gybggh lx eo. +6>>;- yx|h} xkl yig~l cgv m`xvgh|im`b


10/23

ivg~ m`y|veìl eag`b Aeoerme` cevalvy ey e ale`y gc klo~m`b xkla ig~l rmxk iomaexlike`bl.

Xkl iomaexl ike`bl e`h hmyeyxlv vmyj aeèblal`x igaa|`mxmly eoyg vligb`mtle`h eiil~x xkex xkl ~ggv evl kmbko} ecclixlh f} xkl iomaexl ketevhy. Xkmy my h|l xg e oeijgc eiilyy xg xkl ale`y f} rkmik xkl} ie` ma~vgsl xklmv vlymomlìl/ rklxklv xkmy my m`

lig`gami/ ygimeo/ ~k}ymieo/ gv l`smvgàl`xeo xlvay. Yg cgv fgxk ehe~xexmg` e`h hmyeyxlvvmyj vlh|ixmg`/ ~gslvx} vlh|ixmg` e`h y|yxem efol èx|veo vlyg|vil aeèblal x evllyyl`xmeo iga~g`l`xy gc vlh|im b s|o lvefmomx} xg ketevhy e`h iomaexl ike`bl. XklBgslvàl`x gc M`hme key fvg|bkx efg|x e ~evehmba ykmcx m` xkl e~~vgeik xg hmyeyxlvaeèblal`x. Xkl `lr e~~vgeik ~vgillhy cvga xkl ig`smixmg` xkex hlslog~al`x ie``gxfl y|yxemèfol |òlyy xkl e~~vgeik my f|mox m`xg xkl hlslog~al`x ~vgilyy.

Cevalvy m` M`hme evl eoyg ~vgsmhlh rmxk ilvxem` y|~~gvx alike`myay m` xkl cgva gcy|fymhmly g` m`~|xy/ ivg~ m`y|veìl/ ygcx oge`y lxi xg iga~l`yexl xkl ~vgh|ixmg` ogyylyh|l xg l{xvlal lsl`xy e`h iomaexl ike`bl. Gslv xkl }levy xkl ivg~ m`y|veìl yiklalykesl |`hlvbg`l ae`} ike`bly. Cmvyxo}/ mx rey feylh g` m`hmsmh|eo e~~vgeik cgveyylyyal`x ogyyly e`h m`hla`mx} ~e}al`x rkmik |`h|o} mì|vvlh eham`myxvexmsl igyx xgslv} kmbk eag|`x e`h omamxlh xg slv} clr ivg~y. Oexlv kgagbl`lg|y evle e~~vgeik rey~vg~gylh cgv mìvleym`b smefmomx} gc ivg~ m`y|veìl f} ogrlvm`b xkl eham`myxvexmsl igyxye`h ma~vgslh e~~vgeik xg eyylyy }mloh ogyy/ flymhly l{~e`hm`b xkl yiklal xg amoolxygmoyllhy e`h ilvxem` ~|oyly. Ivg~ m`y|veìl rey om`jlh xg e ceva ivlhmx rklvl xejm`bm`y|veìl ~gomi} rey aehl iga~|oygv} cgv eoo oge`ll cevalvy e`h g~xmgèo cgv `g`!oge`llcevalvy. M` vlil`x }levy/ xkl bgslvàl`x key ~vg~gylh e smooebl ~eìke}ex +smooebleham`myxvexmsl |`mx- ey e` m`y|veìl |`mx rklvl evle ig`xm`|g|y gc 5>> klixevl e`h agvlmy ig`ymhlvlh ey e |`mx cgv ~e}m`b m`hla`mx} xg cevalvy. . M` e ieyl yx|h} cvga Xeamo@eh|/ mx rey cg|`h xkex gò} 3>, gc xkl cevalvy y|vsl}lh rlvl erevl gc xkl ivg~m`y|veìl e`h m` xkmy gò} >; hlslog~lhxkl iga~gymxl s|o`lvefmomx} m`hl{ vloexlh xg iomaexl ike`bl cgv xkl hmcclvl`x ebvg!iomaexmitg`ly gc Xeamo @eh|/ M`hme. Xkl yx|h} igìo|hlh xkex Yg|xklv` tg`l e`h Rlyxlv` tg`lgc xkl yxexl evl agyx s|o`lvefol xg iomaexl ike`bl. Eiigvhm`bo} xkl Hlcmimx Vem`ceooHmyxvmf|xmg` M`hl{ +HVHM- rey hlvmslh xg yeclb|evh xkl cevalvy cvga xkl ehslvyl lcclixgc vem`ceoo +[esmlv lx eo 6>>;-. Xkl hlcmimx vem`ceoo m`y|veìl yiklal ie` fl |ylh xg

~vgsmhl m`y|veìl ~vgxlixmg` xg xkl cevalv ebem`yx hliom lh vem`ceoo/ rkmik my hllalh xgehslvylo} ecclix xkl ivg~ h|vm`b mxy i|oxmsexmg` ~lvmgh. Hlcmimx vem`ceoo m`y|veìl ~e}g|xyevl om`jlh xg eii|a|oexlh ogr vem ceoo. Xkl M`hme` bgslvàl x key m`xvgh|ilh xklrlexklv feylh ivg~ m`y|veìl m` agyx gc xkl yxexly xg gslvigal xkl vmyj ketevhy.

Xkl ~e}g|x yxv|ix|vl sevmly cvga ivg~ e`h xkl ~keyl e`h rey moo|yxvexlh m` Cmb|vl8. Xkl yxvmjl gv |~~lv xkvlykgoh igvvly~g`hy xg xkl 9> }lev eslvebl eii|a|oexlh vem`ceoogc xkl vly~lixmsl vlclvlìl rlexklv yxexmg`. Rkmol xkl l{mx gv ogrlv xkvlykgoh my m`xl`hlh


11/23

xg lu|eo xkl rexlv vlu|mvlal`x gc xkl vly~lixmsl ivg~ `lilyyev} xg esgmh iga~olxl ivg~cemo|vl. Cvga Cmb|vl 8/ mx ie` fl gfylvslh xkex xkl vem`ceoo m`y|veìl ~gomi} ~e}y tlvg mceii|a|oexlh vem`ceoo h|vm`b xkl ~keyl l{illhy cmvyx xvmbblv gv |~~lv xkvlykgoh. Gxklvrmyl/xkl ~gomi} ~e}y vlu|mvlh eag|`x cgv leik aa gc vem`ceoo hlcmimlì} vloexmsl xg xkl cmvyxxvmbblv/ |`xmo xkl ylig`h xvmbblv gv ogrlv xkvlykgoh my vleiklh. Mc vem`ceoo my flogr xkl

ylig`h xvmbblv seo|l/ xkl ~gomi} ~e}y e cm{lh ae{ma|a m`hla`mx}.

ê}g|x cg

Vy. 6>>>

Vy. =>>

Cmb|vl 84 Yxv|ix|vl gc m`y|veìl ig`xveix

Yg|vil4 [esmlvlx eo./ 6>>;

E`gxklv l{~oeèxmg` cgv cevalvy omamxlh ehg~xmg` gc xlik`mieo g~xmg`y xg ehe~x xgiomaexl ike`bl flbm`y rmxk xklmv rmoom`b`lyy e`h efmomx} xg eiil~x `lr ~veixmily +Ymlflvx/Xggbggh/ e`h J`mlvma 6>>3-. Cevalvy rmoom`b`lyy hl~l`hy g` xklmv lig`gami m`xlvlyxy/ygimeo e`h ligogbmieo seo|ly e`h `gvay/ erevl`lyy gc xkl ~vgfola/ e`h yloc!~lvil~xmg`.Vgìgom lx eo./ 6>>6/ 6>>8/ 6>>< yx|hmlh cevalvy |`hlvyxe`hm`b gc yleygèo vem`ceoocgvlieyxy m` F|vjmè Ceyg. Xkl} cg|`h xkex cevalvy xkm`j gc vem`ceoo ey e ~vgilyy vexklvxke` m` xlvay gc e u|e`xmx}/ ey yiml`xmyxy hg. Xkl e|xkgvy evb|l/ cevalvy rmoo `gx eiil~xcgvlieyxy/ |òlyy xkl} evl ehd|yxlh xg xklmv |`hlvyxe`hm`by. êxx e`h Brexe +6>>6- ig`cmvaxklyl cm`hm`by. E yx|h} m` Tmafefrl f} Bvgxkae`` e`h êxx +6>> Ealomgvexm`b lcclixy gc yxv|ix|veo e`h `g`!yxv|ix|veo aley|vly/ xkl lig`gami

igyxy e`h fl`lcmxy cgv y|ik m`xlvsl`xmg`y m` agyx s|o`lvefol ylixgvy ygal ieyl

yx|hmly

Eiigvhm`b xg Ehblv lx eo. +6>>9- ehe~xexmg` my xkl ehd|yxal`x gc e y}yxla xgaghlvexl xkl ma~eixy gc iomaexl ike`bl/ xg xejl ehse`xebl gc `lr g~~gvx|`mxmly gv xg


12/23

ig~l rmxk xkl ig`ylu|lìly. Yxlv`/ 6>>3 vloexly ehe~xexmg` xg f|mohm`b vlymomlìl/ e`hvligb`myly xkex mx rmoo fl e jl} vly~g`yl xg vlh|il s|o`lvefmomx} xg iomaexl ike`bl.Ehe~xexmg` my `gx omamxlh xg hmyivlxl ~vgdlixy +Olev}/ 5===-/ y|ik ey heay e`h yle reooy. Mxmìo|hly e rmhl ve`bl gc ehd|yxal`xy f} l`xmxmly y|ik ey kg|ylkgohy/ cmvay e`h gxklvm`yxmx|xmg`y m` vly~g`yl xg xkl lcclixy gc iomaexl ike`bl e`h sevmefmomx}. Xklyl mìo|hl

y|ik eixmsmxmly ey aeèbm`b èx|veo vlyg|vily/ m`~|x am{ly m` ~vgh|ixmg`/ e`h ike`bly mòery/ ~vgbveay/ ~gomimly e`h m`slyxal xy. M` bl`lveo/ ehe~xexmg` xg iomaexl ike`bl~vlyl`xy mxyloc ey e` lig`gami ~vgfola flie|yl mx ehhvlyyly xkl fmbblv ~vgfola gceoogiexm`b yievil vlyg|vily xg exxem` y|yxemèfol hlslog~al`x. Mb`gvm`b iomaexl ike`bl f}`gx f|mohm b ehe~xmsl aley|vly rmoo lsl x|eoo} heaebl lig`gami bvgrxk e`h gxklvey~lixy gc k|ae` e`h èx|veo rlooflm`b/ e`h xkvlexl`y xg vlslvyl xkl bem`y aehl m` xklylevley gslv xkl ~eyx ylslveo hliehly. Xkl vmyjy ~gylh f} iomaexl ike`bl xg hlslog~al`xrmoo fl aeèblh agvl lccmiml`xo} f} ~|xxm`b xkla m` xkl aem`yxvlea gc hlslog~al`x+BXT/ 6>>2-.

Ehe~xexmg` xg iomaexl ike`bl ie` fl ey ykgvx v|` gv e og`b v|` ey ykgr` m` xkl

xefol 8. Oggjm`b ex xklyl ehe~xexmg` iexlbgvmly/ xkl e|xkgv +Yxlv` 6>>3- aejl mx iolev xkexxkl} rmoo `gx ig`ymyx l{io|ymslo} gc l{~omimx ehe~xexmg` hlimymg`y. Cmvay rmoo ~vly|aefo}yllj xg ae{mamtl xklmv ~vgcmxy e`h kg|ylkgohy xklmv |xmomx}/ `g aexxlv rkex xkl iomaexlymx|exmg` e`h `g aexxlv rkex ~oe``lh ehe~xexmg` ~gomimly evl flm`b ievvmlh g|x. Xkliomaexl e`h xkl ~oe``lh ehe~xexmg` rmoo ecclix rkex ikgmily cmvay e`h kg|ylkgohy ieàejl/ e`h klìl eoyg ecclix xklmv flkesmg|v/ f|x xkl} rmoo `gx ecclix xklmv gslveoogfdlixmsly: xkl} rmoo ecclix gò} kgr y|iilyyc|o cmvay e`h kg|ylkgohy evl m` vleikm`bxkgyl gfdlixmsly. M` ~veixmil/ xkmy ale`y xkex igyx!fl`lcmx eèo}ymy my omjlo} xg fl xkl gò}cvealrgvj rmxkm` rkmik mx my ale m`bc|o xg eyylyy iomaexl ike`bl ~gomimly+Alxvglig`gamie/ 6>>8: Oligiu e`h ykeomtm/ 6>>2: Ebvereoe e`h Ce`jke|ylv/ 6>>;-.

Xefol 8 L{ea~oly gc ehe~xexmg` x}~ly

X}~l gc vly~g`yl

xg ehe~xexmgÈ|xg`ga|y ôe``lh gv ~gomi} hvmsl`

Ykgvx v|` Aejm`b ykgvx v|` ehd|yxal`xy+l.b. ike`bm`b ivg~ ~oe`xm`bhexly-/ Y~vlehm`b xkl ogyyly+l.b. ~ggom`b vmyj xkvg|bkm`y|veìl-

Hlslog~m`b bvlexlv|`hlvyxe`hm`b gc iomaexl vmyjy+l.b. vlylevikm`bvmyjy e`h ievv}m`b g|x es|o`lvefmomx} eyylyyal`x-Ma~vgsm`b lalvblì} vly~g`yl+l.b. levo} rev`m`b y}yxlay-

Og`b v|` M`slyxm`b m` iomaexl vlymomlìl

mc c|x|vl lcclixy evl vloexmslo}rloo |`hlvyxggh e`h fl`lcmxyley} xg ie~x|vl c|oo}/l.b. ogieomylh mvvmbexmg` g`cevay

M`slyxm`b xg ivlexl gv aghmc}

aedgv m`cveyxv|ix|vl +l.b. oevblvvlylvsgmv yxgvebl/ mìvleylhhvemèbl ie~eimx}/ kmbklv ylereooy-. Esgmhm`b xkl ma~eixy+l.b. oe`h!|yl ~oe``m`b xg vlyxvmixhlslog~al`x m` coggh~oem`y gv mèvley gc mìvleym`b evmhmx}-

Yg|vil4 Yxlv`/ 6>>3


13/23

M` ebvmi|ox|vl/ xkl ehe~xexmg` cgi|y g` xkl ma~olal`xm`b aley|vly xkex klo~ f|mohv|veo omslomkgghy xkgyl evl agvl vlymoml`x xg iomaexl sevmefmomx} e`h hmyeyxlv. Lsl` xkg|bkoevbl `|aflv gc yx|hmly g` il`xveo lyxmaexl gc ehe~xexmg` igyx key `gx lalvblh/ evloexmslo} èvvgr ve`bl gc lyxmaexly key lalvblh cvga sevmg|y yx|hmly cgoogrm`b sevmlx}gc a}xkgogbmly +Yxlv`/ 6>>3: \@CIII/ 6>>=: êvv} lx eo./ 6>>= e`h @loyg` lx eo./ 6>>=-.

@loyg` lx eo 6>>=/ l{eam`l rlocevl m` c|x|vl yilèvmgy rmxk e`h rmxkg|x iomaexlike`bl/ lyxmaexl xkl igyxy gc ehe~xm`b xg iomaexl ike`bl e`h l{eam`l xkl fl`lcmxy m`xlvay gc vlh|ilh s|o`lvefmomx} xg iomaexl ike`bl.

Xefol , mìvleyl m` ivg~ }mloh bvgrxk gslv feylom`l

9> , mìvleyl m` e`maeo `|aflvy bvgrxk

8> , mìvleyl m` ~vgh|ixmg` bvgrxk gc gmoy e`h aleoy

6< , mìvleyl m` mvvmbexlh evle bvgrxk

5< , hlivleyl m` vem`!clh evle bvgrxk

5< , mìvleyl m` feym` rexlv lccmimlì} f} 6>Yg|vil4 @loyg` lx eo./ 6>>=

Eiigvhm`b xg @loyg` lx eo 6>>=/ iomaexl!ike`bl ehe~xexmg` my mìvleym`bo} g` xklebl`he gc vlyleviklvy/ ~gomi}aejlvy/ e`h ~vgbvea hlslog~lvy rkg evl erevl xkex iomaexlike`bl my vleo e`h xkvlexl`y xg |`hlvam`l ygimeo e`h ligogbmieo y|yxemèfmomx}. Iomaexlike`bl mìvleyly ikmoh aeo`|xvmxmg` e`h vlh|ily ieogvml ig`y|a~xmg` hveaexmieoo} +Xefol ~lvil xgc xkl xgxeo. Gc xkex eag|`x/ xkl seyx aedgvmx} my cgv v|veo vgehy. Yg|xk Eyme m`slyxal`xyevl efg|x (5.< fmoomg` ~lv }lev/ rmxk Oexm` Ealvmie e`h xkl Ievmffle` iogyl flkm`h rmxk(5.6 fmoomg` ~lv }lev. Leyx Eyme e`h xkl êimcmi `llhy evl d|yx |`hlv (5 fmoomg` ~lv }lev.Ebvmi|ox|veo vlylevik my ma~gvxe`x m` eoo xkvll gc xklyl vlbmg`y/ ey evl mvvmbexmg`m`slyxal`xy. \òmjl Y|f!Yekeve` Ecvmie/ vgeh m`slyxal`xy m` xklyl vlbmg`y evl vloexmslo}yaeoo. Rmxk ehhmxmgèo m`slyxal xy m` hlslog~lh ig|`xvmly/ y~moogslv lcclixy xg xkl

hlslog~m`b rgvoh vlh|il xkl `llh cgv ehe~xexmg` m`slyxal`xy yombkxo}. Cgv l{ea~ol/ rmxkxkl @IEV yilèvmg/ xkl e``|eo m`slyxal`x `llh my (2.5 fmoomg` mc ~vgh|ixmsmx}l{~l`hmx|vly evl gò} m` xkl hlslog~m`b rgvoh. Rmxk hlslog~lh!ig|`xv} ~vgh|ixmsmx}m`slyxal`xy/ xkex eag|`x hvg~y xg (3.; fmoomg`. Xkl jl} alyyebly lafghmlh m` xklylvly|oxy ~gm`x xg xkl ma~gvxeìl gc ma~vgsm`b xkl ~vgh|ixmsmx} gc ebvmi|ox|vl ey e ale`y gcallxm`b xkl c|x|vl ikeool`bly xkex iomaexl ike`bl +@loyg` lx eo/ 6>>=-.

J|aev e`h êvmjk +6>>5- e`h Ye`bkm e`h Al`hloygk` +6>>;- kesl lyxmaexlh xkex|`hlv aghlvexl iomaexl ike`bl yilèvmgy/ xklvl ig|oh fl efg|x = , hliom`l m` ceva!olslo


14/23

`lx vlsl`|ly m` M`hme. Agvl ehslvyl ma~eixy evl l{~lixlh m` kmbk seo|lh ebvmi|ox|veovlbmg`y y|ik ey ^|`def/ Kev}eè/ \xxev ^vehlyk/ B|devex e`h Vedeyxke`.

Gxklv yx|h} key ~vlhmixlh xkex xkl mìvleyl m` ae{ma|a xla~lvex|vl m` Xvmik}/I|hheogvl e`h ^vleafeo|v hmyxvmixy gc Xeamoèh| rmoo vly|ox m` e ogyy gc 2=,/ 98 , e`h99, vly~lixmslo} m` `lx vlsl`|l. Xkl e|xkgvy kesl eoyg hlslog~lh ~vlhmixmg`y gc iomaexl

ike`bl yilèvmgy cgv Xeamo @eh| f} |ym`b KEHIA9 yilèvmg +êoe`myeam lx eo. 6>>=-.

Xefol 3. KEHIA9 ^vgdlixmg`y e`h ogyyly m` `lx vlsl`|l hlvmslh cvga aghloy |ym`bylig`hev} hexe +Vy >>>' eivl-

Vlbmg` Ae{!Xla~lvex|vl Vem`ceoo Am`!

Sloogvl !5.6; !>.>6 !>.=8

Hkevae~|vm !5.93 !>.>6 !5.9=

^lveafeo|v !9.>6 !>.>5 6.83

Veaèh !>.9> >.>> >.2;

@mobvmy 55.39 >.>9 !2.;6

I|hheogvl !5.2= >.>6 !>.68

Je`}ej|aevm >.98 !>.>6 !>.>3Xe`des|v !5.86 >.>5 !>.88

Igmafexgvl !5.9< !>.>9 !5..>5 !>.66

Xgxeo +L{il~x @mobvmy- !5.88 !>.>5 !>.5;

\ym`b xklyl seo|ly ey rloo ey xkl vly|oxy gc xkl aevbmèo lcclixy cvga ivgyy ylixmg` hexe/~vgdlixlh `lx ogyyly m` vlsl`|l ~lv eivl eyygimexlh rmxk KEHIA9 yilèvmgy cgv hmcclvl`xhmyxvmixy rey rgvjlh g|x +xefol 3-. Xkl vly|oxy ykgr xkex KEYIA9 yilèvmg rmoo keslae{ma|a lcclix g` ^lveafeo|v cevalvy rmxk e ogyy gc efg|x Vy.9>>> ~lv eivl cgoogrlhf} Xvmik} cevalvy rkgyl ogyyly rmoo fl evg|`h Vy. 628> ~lv eivl.

2.>. Vgol gc m`cgvaeo m`yxmx|xmg`y m` ma~olal`xexmg` gc m`xlbvexlh ehe~xexmg`

yxvexlbmly

Xkl bogfeo yieol gc iomaexl ike`bl m`sgosly oevbl yieol ~gomimly. Igyxy gcm`cgvaexmg` e`h l`cgvilal`x evl mìvleym b rkl` e xg~!hgr` ~gomi} my e~~omlh+Rmoomeayg` 5=;>>8-. Eoxkg|bk cgvaeo m`yxmx|xmg`y ~oe} e fmbblvvgol m` aghlv ygimlxmly/ xkl ma~gvxeìl gc m`cgvaeo m`yxmx|xmg`y ykg|oh `gx flhmyvlbevhlh +M`bvea e`h @llo 5==;: Rgvoh Fe`j 6>>6-. Fgxk xkl cgvaeo e`h m`cgvaeo


15/23

kesl e vgol m` ehe~xexmg` xg iomaexl ike`bl. Xkl cgvalv gcclv vmbmh l`cgvilal`x/ rkmol xkloexxlv |yl ogieoo} vggxlh iga~omeìl feylh g` xvehmxmg`.

Cgv m`yxeìl m` M`hme/ xkl xlik`gogb} gc rexlv |yl cgv ebvmi|ox|vl key hlslog~lhgslv e ~lvmgh gc ae`} il`x|vmly e`h mxy kmyxgv} key v|` ~eveoolo rmxk ~exxlv`y gc k|ae`ylxxolal`x e`h cgvaexmg` gc smooebl ygimlxmly +Yxlrevh/ 5=>/ agvl xke` 2< ~lvil`x gc xkl hmyeyxlvy e`h =< ~lvil`x gchmyeyxlv!vloexlh hlexky m` xkl ^kmom~~m`ly rlvl flie|yl gc iomaexl ketevhy4 x}~kgg`y

e`h xgvèhgly/ cogghm`b/ e`h oe`hyomhly flm`b xkl agyx ~vgam`l`x ketevhy. Ecxlv xklAevigy vlbmal/ ae`} hlslog~al`x @BGy m` xkl ^kmom~~m`ly m`xlbvexlh vlomlc e`hvlkefmomxexmg` yxvexlbmly m`xg xklmv eixmg` ~vgbvea. Xklyl yxvexlbmly mìo|hl ygimg!lig`gami ~vgdlixy xg vlh|il ogieo s|o`lvefmomx}/ alhmexmg` gc xkl cogr gc bgslvàl`x e`hm`xlvèxmgèo eyymyxeìl/ igaa|`mx}!feylh hmyeyxlv aeèblal`x/ yaeoo yieolm`cveyxv|ix|vl hlslog~al`x/ e`h xvem`m`b cgv ie~eimx} f|mohm`b. M` g`l m`xlvlyxm`b ieyl/@BGy yxecc cgi|ylh g` s|o lvefol igaa| mxmly xg mhl`xmc} ogieo olehlvy/ ig`h|ixlhketevh e`h s|o`lvefmomx} eèo}ymy/ m`mxmexlh xvem m`b vloexlh xg hmyeyxlv aeèblal`x/ e`hlyxefomyklh smooebl olslo igaamxxlly xg cgyxlv lcclixmsl hmyeyxlv vly~g`yly. Gxklv @BGykesl ~vgsmhlh cmèìmeo e`h xlik`mieo eyymyxeìl xg klo~ m` igaa|`mx}!feylh hmyeyxlvaeèblal`x eixmsmxmly. Xklyl l{ea~oly ykgr xkl ivmxmieo vgol gc ogieo m`cgvaeo

m`yxmx|xmg`y m` e`} evle!feylh lccgvx xg |`hlvxejl ehe~xexmg` aley|vly +O|è/ 6>>5-.Aem`yxvleam`b ehe~xexmg` e`h l`keìm`b ehe~xmsl ie~eimx} ig|oh fl mìvleylh f}

lìg|vebm`b ~evx`lvykm~y flxrll` m`cgvaeo ~vgilyyly e`h cgvaeo m`xlvsl`xmg`y xgceimomxexl ehe~xexmg . E` l{ea~ol gc xkl m`xlveixmg` flxrll` cgvaeo e`h m`cgvaeom`yxmx|xmg`y ie` fl yll` m` xkl Ykm`}e`be vlbmg` m` `gvxklv` Xe`te`me. Xkl vlbmg` mygii|~mlh aemò} f} xkl ebvg~eyxgveo Y|j|ae ~lg~ol. Xkl vlbmg` |ylh xg fl l{xl`ymslo}cgvlyxlh/ f|x vlogiexmg` yiklaly/ hvg|bkx/ gslv!bvetm`b/ ieyk ivg~ i|oxmsexmg`/ hlyxv|ixmg`gc cgvlyxy xg rm~l g|x xylxyl co} e`h mìvleylh hlae`h cgv cmvlrggh kesl vlh|ilh


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~vgh|ixmsmx} e`h mìvleylh ygmo lvgymg`. \ym`b m`hmbl`g|y j`grolhbl/ xkl Y|j|ae ~lg~ol~veixmil e èx|veo vlyg|vil aeèblal`x y}yxla ieoolh `bmxmom e Y|j|ae rgvh ale`m`blìogy|vl. Rgvjm`b iogylo} rmxk xvehmxmgèo m`yxmx|xmg`yex xkl ogieo olslo/ e ~vgdlix |`hlvxkl Am myxv} gc @ex|veo Vlyg|vily e`h Xg|vmya key vlsmslh xkl Y|j|ae ~lg~ol"yxvehmxmgèo ig`ylvsexmg` ~veixmily. Xkl Ykm`}e`be oe`hyie~l my `gr ike`bm`b. Rgvjm`b

xkvg|bk ogieo m`yxmx|xmg`y/ cevalvy evl l`bebm`b m` ebvgcgvlyxv} |ym`b hlbvehlh ivg~oe`hye`h ve`bloe`hy/ la~og}m`b xvehmxmgèo smooebl b|evhy/ e`h ig`ylvsm`b slblxexmg` f}iogym`b gcc `bmxmomy cgv vlbl`lvexmg`. Xkvg|bk ~oe`xm b eixmsmxmly e`h igaa|`mx}m`sgoslal`x/ `bmxmom xghe} ~vgsmhly omslomkgghy vlyg|vily cgv igaa| mxmly m` xkl vlbmg`rkl` l`smvgàl`xeo ig`hmxmg`y hlxlvmgvexl +\@CIII/ 6>>6-.

Cvga xkl ~gm`x gc rexlv vlyg|vil aeèblal`x xkl gxklv yx|h} cvga Jej|ae`|/6>>= evb|ly xkex m`cgvaeo m`yxmx|xmg`y ylx|~ rmxk xkl y|~~gvx gc @BG cgv ivlexm berevl`lyy e`h xvem`m`b key ma~vgslh xkl rexlv ~vgh|ixmsmx} f} 65 , m` iga~evmyg` rmxkcgvaeo m`yxmx|xmg`y m` E`hkve ^vehlyk/ M`hme. Xkmy ma~vgslal`x |`hlv yievimx} gc rexlvrmxk xkl ike`bm`b iomaexl rg|oh kesl ehhlh ehse`xebl.

;.>. Jl} m`ymbkxy e`h vligaal`hexmg`y cgv Eyme` ~gomi} aejlvy cgv m`h|im`baley|vly xkex ig|oh fl xejl` ex fgxk xkl èxmgèo e`h vlbmgèo olslo xg vlh|il xkl

s|o`lvefmomx} xg mìgal bl`lvexmg` g~~gvx|`mxmly.

Ehe~xexmg` my mìvleym`bo} yll` ey e` m`lsmxefol e`yrlv xg xkl ikeool`bly ~gylh f}iomaexl ike`bl. Ehe~xexmg` my e` lyyl`xmeo m`bvlhml`x m` fgxk xkl ehe~xexmg` iga~g`l`xe`h m` xkl hlslog~al`x gc ehe~xexmg` ~gomimly. M` xkl hmyi|yymg`y efgsl/ mx my iolev xkex e`ma~gvxe`x cmvyx yxl~ m` xkl lig`gami eèo}ymy gc ehe~xexmg` xg iomaexl ike`bl myeyylyyal`x gc xkl ma~eixy gc sevmg|y iomaexl ike`bl yilèvmgy ex hmyebbvlbexlh olsloy.Xkl èxmgèo e`h yxexl olslo eyylyyal xy gc leik ig| xv} evl `llhlh cgv hlymb m`blcclixmsl ehe~xexmg` yxvexlbmly. Y|ik lyxmaexly rg|oh fl ma~gvxe`x cgv iomaexl`lbgxmexmg`y ey rloo ey cgv vlyg|vil eoogiexmg . Xkl |ylc|o re} cgvrevh ae} flig`yxv|ixm`b gc igyx i|vsly rkmik hlag`yxvexl xkl igyxy gc a|oxm~ol ehe~xexmg` yxvexlbmly.M` ehhmxmg`/ xg xkl igyxy e`h fl`lcmxy gc ehe~xexmg` yxvexlbmly/ ievlc|o lig`gami eèo}ymyg` xkl m`yxv|al`xy xkex ig|oh ceimomxexl ehe~xexmg` my lyyl`xmeo.

Xkl vlyleviklvy ykg|oh eoyg ema xg flxxlv |`hlvyxe`h xkl rexlv vlyg|vily e`hyxgvebl |`hlv hmcclvl`x ygimeo e`h ligogbmieo ig`hmxmg`y. Xkmy rmoo ~vgsmhl m`ymbkxy m`xg ~gxl`xmeo iomaexl ike`bl ma~eixy g` rexlv y|~~o} e`h hlae`h: xkl ygimeo e`hl`smvgàl`xeo ma~eixy gc hmcclvl`x yxgvebl g~xmg`y: xkl ma~omiexmg`y cgv yieom`b!|~ yaeooyieol m`xlvsl`xmg`y. Ehe~xexmg` xg iomaexl ike`bl e`h eyygimexlh lig`gami eèo}ymy evl`gx rmhlo} |`hlvyxggh/ ly~limeoo} m` ~gomi} e`h vlylevik imvioly m` ae`} hlslog~m`big| xvmly. Klìl xklvl my e `llh cgv hlymb m`b xkl ykgvx!xlva xvem`m b ~vgbveay cgv

hmcclvl`x yxejlkgohlvy e`h cgv ievlc|o og`b!xlva olev`m`b xkvg|bk igooefgvexmsl vlylevik.Xklvl my e `llh xg xkm`j efg|x `lr xggoy y|ik ey Vmievhme` aghloy cgv

cgvlieyxm`b e|xg`gag|y ehe~xexmg` xg iomaexl ike`bl. \ylh rmhlo}/ xkmy aghlo ie` klo~m`cgva ~gomi}aejlvy efg|x xkl c|x|vl `llhy gc ebvmi|ox|veo ~gomi}. Mx ie` klo~ cgvlieyx m`rkex re}y cevalvy rmoo rmyk xg ehe~x. ^gomi} aejlvy ie` |yl xklyl cgvlieyxy xg ~|x~gomimly m` ~oeil xkex aejl xkl ~evxmi|oev ehe~xexmg` leymlv.


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Ivg~ m`y|veìl my e vmyj aeèblal`x alike`mya xg xmhl gslv xkl ivg~ cemo|vl.Agyx gc xkl cevalvy evl `gx erevl efg|x xkl rlexklv feylh m`y|veìl ~vlam|aieoi|oexmg`y m` ae`} ~evxy gc xkl hlslog~m`b ig| xvmly. Klìl/ ~vgsmhm`b ie~eimx} f|mohm b e`h erevl`lyy ~vgbveay rg|oh klo~ xkla xg j`gr efg|x xkl ~vgilh|vl.Vlylevik yx|hmly ykg|oh eoyg fl hlslog~lh xg j`gr efg|x xkl cevalvy rmoom`b`lyy xg ~e}

cgv xkl rlexklv m`y|veìl yiklaly e`h ygim!lig`gami ig`hmxmg`y gc cevalvy. Xkmy rg|ohbmsl xkl m`cgvaexmg` xg xkl ~gomi} aejlvy xkex xkl cevalvy rmoom`b`lyy xg ~e} ey ~vlam|acgv xkl vmyj aeèblal`x h|l xg xkl iomaexl ike`bly. Xkl vlylevik yx|hmly hlslog~lh g`xkl rlexklv feylh m`y|veìl my omamxlh xg xkl hv} gv vem`clh iomaexmi ig`hmxmg`y gò}. Xklyx|hmly gv igìl~xy kesl xg fl c|vxklv l{xl`hlh xg xkl mvvmbexlh evley e`h ivg~y eoyg.

Xkl yxexl gv èxmgèo bgslvàl`xy kesl xg ievv} yx|hmly cgv xkl vmslv feym`y gvvlbmg`y xg mhl`xmc} xkl s|o`lvefol evley f} ieoi|oexm`b S|o`lvefmomx} m`hl{. Xkmy rg|ohklo~ xkl ~gomi} aejlvy xg igìl`xvexl agvl g` xkl kmbko} s|o`lvefol e`h kgx y~gx evley f}hlslog~m`b xkl ehe~xexmg` yxvexlbmly. Ievlc|o mhl`xmcmiexmg` e`h eèo}ymy gc xkl l{myxm behe~xmg` alike myay xg iomaexl ike`bl m` hmcclvl`x l`smvgàl`xy rmoo klo~ xg cm`l x|`lxkl yxvexlbmly cgv aem` yxvleam`b e`h |~yieom`b xkla rmxk e vlylevik e`h ~gomi} cgi|y.

Ymìl iomaexl ike`bl my bveh|eo e`h xkl ma~eix my aevbmèo gslv }levy/ mx myma~gvxe`x xg l{eam`l e~~vg~vmexl ykgvx e`h og`b xlva m`xlvsl`xmg`y. Xkl ehe~xexmg` ~veixmily flm b ~veixmilh m` xkl l{xvlal ymx|exmg`y ykg|oh fl hgi|al`xlh e`h xklhgi|al`xlh m`xlvsl`xmg`y ykg|oh fl bvg|~lh |`hlv xkl ykgvx xlva e`h og`b xlvaiexlbgvmly e`h `llh xg fl ma~olal`xlh. Xkl ykgvx xlva m`xlvsl`xmg`y `gvaeoo} ve`bl cvgaxkl ehg~xmg` gc ivg~ sevmlxmly xg rexlv aeèblal`x ~veixmily xg y|mx xkl iomaexl ike`bly.Xkl xve`yeixmg` igyx gc xklyl m`xlvsl`xmg y ykg|oh fl rgvjlh g|x cgv |~yieom`b xkly|iilyy yxgvmly. Xkl og`bxlva m`xlvsl`xmg`y `gvaeoo} vlclv xkl bgslvàl`x ~vgbveayxkex rmoo klo~ ehhvlyy xkl iomaexl ike`bl ma~eixy. Y|ik yxvexlbmly ig|oh eoyg vlygosl xklc|`hm`b ~vgfola. Xkl ~gomi} aejlvy ykg|oh eoyg igìl`xvexl g` xkl kmbko} s|o`lvefolevley e`h eiigvhm`bo} bmsl` ilvxem ehe~xexmg` ~veixmily xkvg|bk ie~eimx} f|mohm b~vgbveay. Xkmy ~vmaevmo} mìo|hly xkl ivlexmg`y gc yxgvebl ceimomxmly fgxk ex igaa|`mx}e`h ceva olslo.

Jl} ~gomi} vligaal`hexmg`y +vlbmgèo e`h èxmgèo olslo-4

M` xkl smlr gc xkl efgsl hmyi|yymg`y xkl cgoogrm`b ylx gc vligaal`hexmg`y evl aehl4

5. Yx|h} e`h u|e`xmc} xkl l{xl`x gc xkl iomaexl ike`bl ma~eix m` hmcclvl`x vlbmg`y'ig|`xvmly |ym`b |~hexlh m`cgvaexmg` vloexm`b xg iomaexl ike`bl.

6. L{eam`l xkl l{xl`x gc ehe~xexmg` alike`myay `llhlh |`hlv hmcclvl`x ig|`xv}ymx|exmg`y e`h rgvjg|x xkl u|e`x|a gc m`slyxal`xy `llhlh |`hlv hmcclvl`x ey~lixy y|ik

ey vlylevik/ mvvmbexmg`/ m`cveyxv|ix|vl/ xlik`gogb} xve`yclv lxi./ M` xkl ieyl gcebvmi|ox|vl/ vlylevik e`h hlslog~al`xy ey~lixy xkex fggyx ivg~ ~vgh|ixmsmx} ykg|oh flemalh ex.

9. Hlymb` e`h ma~olal`x e~~vg~vmexl m`xlvsl`xmg`y xkvg|bk yxejlkgohlv ~evxmim~exmg` exvlbmgèo olslo

8. Aejl ebvmi|ox|veo ehe~xexmg` e jl} ebl`he ~gm`x rmxkm` xkl m`xlvèxmgèo iomaexl


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`lbgxmexmg` ~vgilyy rmxk cggh yli|vmx} ey xkl aem` bgeo.

>9. Ehe~xexmg` xg iomaexlike`bl m` xkl hlslog~m`b rgvoh/ ^vgbvlyy m` Hlslog~al`x Yx|hmly 9+9-4 52=5=>3. Xkl Lig`gamiy gc Iomaexl Ike`bl4 Xkl Yxlv` Vlsmlr.Ieafvmhbl \`mslvymx} ^vlyy/ Ieafvmhbl/ \J

Ehblv/ R.@. 5===. Ygimeo s|o`lvefmomx} xg iomaexl ike`bl e`h l{xvlaly m` igeyxeo

Smlxèa. Rgvoh Hlslog~al`x 624 68=63=.Ehblv/ R.@. 6>>9. Ygimeo ie~mxeo/ igoolixmsl eixmg`/ e`h ehe~xexmg` xg iomaexl ike`bl.

Lig`gami Blgbve~k} 2=4 9;28>8.

Ebbevreo/ ^/ J. 6>>;. M`hmey u|lyx cgv cggh yli|vmx} m` ike`bm`b iomaexl. YEEVIrgvjykg~ g` iomaexl ike`bl e`h èx|veo hmyeyxlvy/ Jexkae`h|/ E|b 65!66/ 6>>;.

Ebvereoe/ Y e`h Ce`jke|ylv/ Y. 6>>;. Lig`gami Ey~lixy gc Ehe~xexmg` xg IomaexlIke`bl4 Igyxy/ fl`lcmxy e`h ~gomi} m`yxv|al`xy. GLIH/ êvmy.

Felxkbl`/ R.L. e`h Aevbm`/ B.G. 5==>6. Sevmetmg`mIomaexmikl m` Mxeome @lbom \oxmam 59> E``m. Fgoolxxm`g Blgcmymig E``g [[MMM.

Ie`hlo/ C.A. 6>>2. Iomaexl ike`bl e`h xkl bogfeo m`y|veìl m`h|yxv}4 Ma~eixy e`h~vgfolay m` Oexm` Ealvmie. Bl`lse ê~lvy g` Vmyj e`h M`y|veìl4 Myy|ly e`h^veixmil 964 6=98.

Ievxlv/ V.I. 6>>2. Iomaexl/ ^g~|oexmg` e`h bvg|`hrexlv m` Ecvmie. M xlvèxmgèoig`clvlìl g` bvg|`hrexlv e`h iomaexl m` Ecvmie/ Jea~eoe/ \be`he. 68!6; D|`l6>>;.

Hvebg`m/ R. 5==;. Ygal ig`ymhlvexmg`y g` iomaexmi ike`bly/ rexlv vlyg|vily e`h rexlv`llhy m` xkl Mxeome` vlbmg` yg|xk gc xkl 89;@. M`4 MYYEV/ E. Y. # FVGR@/ @.+lhy- Rexlv/ L`smvgàl`x e`h Ygimlx} m` Xmaly gc Iomaexmi Ike`bl. Jo|rlv/685625.

Lejm`/ K e`h E~~l`hm`m/ J. 6>>;. Omslomkggh ike`bl/ cevam`b/ e`h aeèbm`b coggh vmyjm` xkl Olvae Seool}/ Al{mig. Ebvmi|ox|vl e`h K|ae` Seo|ly 6


19/23

Lejm`/ K. 6>>5>. Mvvmbexmg` ey ehe~xexmg` yxvexlb} xg iomaexlike`bl e fmg~k}ymieo e`h lig`gami e~~vemyeo cgv Yrmyy aemtl ~vgh|ixmg`.Iomaexl ike`bl/ sgo. 5>9.

Behbmo/ Y. 6>>9. Xkl M`hme` ag`ygg` e`h mxy sevmefmomx}. E``|eo Vlsmlr gc Levxk e`hôe`lxev} Yimlìly/ Sgo. 95 86=!832

Bvgga/ F./ Jg|`hg|vm/ ^./ @e|bly/ I. e`h Xkgaey/ E. 6>>;. Xkl yxgv} gc xkl agal`x4Vmyj eslvyl I}~vmgx cevalvy vly~g`h xg hvg|bkx aeèblal`x. E~~omlh Lig`gamiy8>4 95>2. Lig`gami e~~vgeikly xg iomaexl ike`bl ehe~xexmg` e`h xklmv vgol m` ~vgdlix~vmgvmxmyexmg` e`h e~~vemyeo. Yx|h} igaamyymg`lh f} xkl Clhlveo Am`myxv} cgv

Lig`gami Igg~lvexmg` e`h Hlslog~al`x.Kebgy/ C./ Be}exkvm/ D./ Er|oeiklr/ Y. F./ Og|oylblh/ A. e`h ]moae/ E. H. 6>5>.

^gslvx} ma~eixy gc ebvmi|ox|veo rexlv aeèblal`x xlik`gogbmly m` Lxkmg~me.Rexlv ^gomi}. Cgvxkigam`b.

Km`be`l/ O. Y./ V|~e J|aev/ J e`h Veaeè A|vxk}/ F K.5=;5>. Xlvam`gogb} g` hmyeyxlv vmyj aeèblal`x.kxx~4''rrr.|`myhv.gvb'l`b'omfvev}'omf!xlvam`gogb}!l`b.kxa

MRAM. 6>>=. Col{mfol rexlv yxgvebl g~xmg`y e`h ehe~xexmg`y xg iomaexl ike`bl. Rexlv~gomi} fvmlc/ Myy|l 95.

Jej|ae`|/ J. V. 6>>=. Lig`gami Eèo}ymy e`h Aeèblal`x gc Mvvmbexmg` Y}yxlay |`hlv

Y|fymhmtlh Lolixvmimx} Vlbmal m` xkl Ylam!evmh Vlbmg` gc E`hkve ^vehlyk/ M`hme.Cevam`b e`h V|veo Y}yxlay Lig`gamiy/ Sgo.==. Aevbvec ~|fomyklvy.

Jvm~eoe`m/ V. K./ Mèahev/ Y. V. e`h Yg`xejjl/ @. E. 5==3. Vem`ceoo sevmefmomx} gslvFe`boehlyk e`h @l~eo4 Iga~evmyg` e`h ig``lixmg` rmxk clex|vly gslv M`hme. M`x.D. Iomaexgo./ Sgo. 53/ 3;=!2>9


20/23

Jvmyxde`yg`/ ^. 6>>=. Xkl vgol gc omslyxgij m` ~gslvx} ~exkre}y. ^vgillhm`by gc E`maeo`|xvmxmg` eyygimexmg` rgvoh ig`clvlìl/ 58!52 Clfv|ev} 6>>=/ @lr Hlokm/ M`hme.^~ 92!8>.

J|aev/ J.Y.J./ e`h êvmjk/ D. 6>>5. M`hme` Ebvmi|ox|vl e`h iomaexl yl`ymxmsmx}. BogfeoL`smvgàl`xeo ike`bl/ 55+6-4 582!5>8-. Lsmhlìl cgv bogfeo v|`gccmìvleyl vloexlh xg iomaexl revam`b. Ehseìly m` Rexlv Vlyg|vily/ 62/ 395386.

Olev}/ @. 5===. E cvealrgvj cgv fl`lcmx!igyx eèo}ymy gc ehe~xexmg` xg iomaexl ike`ble`h iomaexl sevmefmomx}. Amxmbexmg` e`h Ehe~xexmg` Yxvexlbmly cgv Bogfeo Ike`bl84 9>295;.

Oligiu/ C e`h Ykeomtm/ T. 6>>2. Kgr ambkx iomaexl ike`bl ecclix lig`gami bvgrxk m`hlslog~m`b ig|`xvmly7 E vlsmlr gc xkl bvgrxk omxlvex|vl rmxk e iomaexl ol`y.^gomi} vlylevik rgvjm`b ~e~lv 895>5 Hmyeyxlv amxmbexmg` e`h ~vl~evlh`lyy4 xkl ieyl gc @BGy m` xkl ^kmom~~m`ly.

Hmyeyxlvy 6>>5/ 6< +9- 653! 663Aehhmyg`/ H. 6>>2. Xkl ^lvil~xmg` gc e`h Ehe~xexmg` xg Iomaexl Ike`bl m` Ecvmie.

^gomi} Vlylevik Rgvjm`b ê~lv 89>;. Rgvoh Fe`j.

Aeoo/ V. J./ B|~xe E./ Ym`bk V./ Ym`bk V. Y e`h Vexkgvl O. Y. 6>>3. Rexlv vlyg|vily e`hiomaexl ike`bl4 E` M`hme` ^lvy~lixmsl. I|vvl`x Yimlìl/ Sgo. =>/ @g. 56/ 6< D|`l6>>3.

Aiievx`l}/ A e`h Yaejxkm`.S. 6>5>. Rexlv yxgvebl m` e` lve gc iomaexl ike`bl4Ehhvlyym`b xkl ikeool`bl gc mìvleym`b vem`ceoo sevmefmomx}. M`xlvèxmgèo RexlvAeèblal`x M`yxmx|xl/ Fo|l ê~lv.

Al`hhloygk`/ V e`h @gvhke|y.R. 5==3. Xkl Ma~eix gc Bogfeo Revam`b g` Ebvmi|ox|vl4

Vl~o}. Ealvmie` Lig`gami Vlsmlr/ 5956!595: 8=9!>8. Igyxm`b xkl ma~eixy gc iomaexl ike`bl m` xkl \J4 Gslvsmlr gcb|mhlom`ly. \JIM^ Xlik`mieo vl~gvx.

A|ye`bg/ D.J. e`h ^lxlv/ I. 6>>2. E Fe}lyme` e~~vgeik xgrevhy ceimomxexm`b iomaexlike`bl ehe~xexmg` vlylevik g` xkl Yg|xk Ecvmie` ebvmi|ox|veo ylixgv. Ebvljg` 83468=. Iomaexl ike`bl4 Ma~eix g` ebvmi|ox|vl e`h igyxy gcehe~xexmg`. Cggh ~gomi} vl~gvx/ M`xlvèxmgèo Cggh ^gomi} Vlylevik M`yxmx|xl/+MC^VM-/ Reykm`bxg` H.I

@klaeiklè/ I e`h Keyye`/ V.A. 6>>2. Amivg!Olslo Eèo}ymy gc Cevalvy Ehe~xexmg` xgiomaexl Ike`bl m` Yg|xklv` Ecvmie. MC^VM Hmyi|yymg` ê~lv 258. M`xlvèxmgèoCggh ^gomi} Vlylevik M`yxmx|xl.


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@}g`b/ E./ Ehlymè/ C e`h Gyae` Loeyke/ F. 6>>2. Xkl seo|l gc m`hmbl`g|y j`grolhblm` iomaexl ike`bl amxmbexmg` e`h ehe~xexmg` yxvexlbmly m` xkl Ecvmie` Yeklo.Amxmbexmg` e`h Ehe~xexmg` Yxvexlbmly cgv Bogfeo Ike`bl 564 2;22=2.

Gybggh/ H.L./ Y|evlt/ ^./ Ke`yl`/ D./ Ievvmu|mv}/ A. e`h Amykve/ E. 6>>;. M`xlbvexm`bYleygèo Cgvlieyxy e`h M`y|veìl cgv Ehe~xexmg` eag`b Y|fymyxlìl Cevalvy4

Xkl Ieyl gc Aeoerm. ^gomi} Vlylevik Rgvjm`b ê~lv 835>. Iomaexl ike`bl e`h rexlv

y|~~omly4g~xmg`y cgv y|yxem`m`b xe`j mvvmbexmg` ~gxl`xmeo m` M`hme. Vlsmlr gc

Ebvmi|ox|vl/ Lig`gami e`h ~gomxmieo Rlljo}/ Sgo.[OS @GY 63 # 62/ D|`l 63/

6>5>/ 5;9!5=>.

êoe`myeam/ J./ ^. êveaeymsea/ I.V. Ve`beèxke`/ ^.J. Ebbevreo e`h Y. Yl`xkmoèxke`/6>>=. U|e`xmc}m`b S|o`lvefmomx} e`h Ma~eix gc Iomaexl Ike`bl g` ^vgh|ixmg` gcAedgv Ivg~y m` Xeamo @eh|/ M`hme/ Cvga Klehrexlvy xg xkl Gile`!K}hvgogbmieoike`bl e`h Rexlvyklh Aeèblal`x/ Xe}ogv # Cveìmy Bvg|~/ Og`hg`/ \.J/MYF@ =2;!>!85=!>=. Eyylyym`b xkligyxy gc ehe~xexmg` xg iomaexl ike`bl E vlsmlr gc \@CIII e`h gxklv vlil`xyx|hmly +Og`hg`4 M`xlvèxmgèo M`yxmx|xl gc L`smvgàl`x e`h Hlslog~al`x e`hBve`xkea M`yxmx|xl cgv iomaexl ike`bl/ Ma~lvmeo Igoolbl/ Og`hg`.

êxx/ E. e`h Brexe/ I. 6>>6. Lcclixmsl yleygèo iomaexl cgvlieyx e~~omiexmg`4 l{eam`m`big`yxvem`xy cgv y|fymyxlìl cevalvy m` Tmafefrl. Bogfeo L`smvgàl`xeo Ike`bl

564 5;>8. Alxlgvgogbmieo ale`m`by4|`hlvyxe`hm`by gc yleygèo vem`ceoo cgvlieyxy f} cevalvy gc F|vjmè Ceyg. M`

Rlexklv/ iomaexl e`h i|ox|vl/ lh. Y. Yxve|yy e`h F. Gvogsl. G{cgvh4 Flvb.Vgìgom/ I./ J. M`bvea/ J. e`h Jmvykl`/ ^. 6>>6. Vlehm`b xkl vem`y4 ogieo j`grolhbl e`h

vem`ceoo cgvlieyxm`b eag`b cevalvy gc F|vjmè Ceyg. Ygimlx} e`h @ex|veoVlyg|vily 5.

V|~ej|aev/ J./ Jvmykè J|aev/ J. e`h ê`x/ B. F. 5==8. Hm|vèo ey}aalxv} gc y|vceilxla~lvex|vl xvl`hy gslv M`hme. Blg~k}ymieo Vlylevik Olxxlv/ 65/ 322!3;>


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Yeolxk/ A. V. e`h Hmèv. E. 6>>8. Xkl M`yxmx|xmgèo lig`gamiy gc rexlv4 E ivgyyy!ig|`xv}eèo}ymy gc m`yxmx|xmg`y e`h ~lvcgvaeìl. Xkl Rgvoh Fe`j. Lhrevh Lobev/Ikloxl`kea/ \J # @gvxkea~xg`/ A.E. \YE.

Ye`bkm/ E e`h Al`hloygk`/ V. 6>>;. Xkl ma~eixy gc bogfeo revam`b g` cevalvy m` Fvetmoe`h M`hme. Bogfeo L`smvgàl`xeo Ike`bl/ 5; +8-4 3Ykek/ X. 6>>=. Xeam`b xkl Eèvik}4 Bvg|`hrexlv Bgslvèìl m` Yg|xk Eyme. VCC ^vlyy/Vlyg|vily cgv xkl c|x|vl/ Reykm`bxg`/ HI

Yklraejl/ Y. 6>>;. S|o`lvefmomx} e`h xkl Ma~eix gc Iomaexl Ike`bl m` Yg|xk EcvmieyOma~g~g Vmslv Feym`. MC^VM Hmyi|yymg` ê~lv ;>8. M`xlvèxmgèo Cggh ^gomi}Vlylevik M`yxmx|xl

Yk|joe/ ^V/ @emv/ V./ Je~ykl/ A./ Bevb/ E./ Feoey|fveae`mea/ Y./ Al`g`/ H. e`hYkevae/ J.J. 6>>9. Hlslog~al`x e`h Iomaexl4 E` Eyylyyal`x cgv M`hme.\`~|fomyklh vl~gvx y|famxxlh xg \IILL/ Hlàevj f} xkl M`hme` M`yxmx|xl gcAeèblal`x/ Ekaehefeh+kxx~4''rrr.hlslog~al`xcmvyx.gvb'm`hme'vl~gvx'c|oovl~gvx.~hc-

Ymlflvx/ V./ Xggbggh/ A. e`h J`mlvma/ E. 6>>3. Ceixgvy ecclixm`b L|vg~le` cevalvy~evxmim~exmg` m` fmghmslvymx} ~gomimly. Ygimgogbme V|veomy 83 +8-4 95;98>.

Ym`bk/ @. e`h Yg`xejjl/ @. E. 6>>6. G` iomaexl co|ix|exmg`y e`h l`smvgàl`xeo ike`blygc xkl M`hg!Be`blxmi ~oem`y/ M`hme. Iomaexmi Ike`bl/ Sgo. >>< Dgke``lyf|vb/ Yg|xk Ecvmie.

Yvmseyxese/ K/ @./ Hlre`/ F. @./ Hmjykmx/ Y.j./ Veg/ B. Y. ^./ Ym`bk Y.Y e`h Veg/ J. V.5==6. Hlieheo xvl`hy m` iomaexl gslv M`hme/ Ae|yea/ 89/ 2!6>

Yxlm`cloh. K./ Blvflv. ^./ Reyylèev/ X./ Ieyxlo.S./ Vgyeoly/ A. e`h Hl Kee`/ I. 6>>3.Omslyxgijy og`b ykehgr l`smvgàl`xeo myy|ly e`h g~xmg`y. CEG/ Vgal Mxeo}.

Yxlrevh/ D.K. 5=;. Om`jm`b iomaexl ike`bl ehe~xexmg` e`h hmyeyxlv vlh|ixmg`.kxx~4''rrr.xlevc|`h.gvb'rlfhgiy'Rlfymxl'Iea~emb`m`b'IIEWe`hWHVVWrlf.~hc

Xke~om}eo/ S. e`h J|oykvlyxke/ Y. A. 5==5. Iomaexl ike`bl e`h xvl`hy gslv M`hme/Ae|yea/ Sgo. 86/ 999!99;.

Xmoo// F./ Evx`lv/ E./ Ymlflvx/ V. E`h Ymlflv/ Y.6>5>. Amivg!olslo ~veixmily xg ehe~x xg

iomaexl ike`bl cgv Ecvmie` yaeoo!yieol cevalvy. MC^VM hmyi|yymg` ~e~lv >>=>6. Ig`ylvsm`b bvetm`b e`h cghhlv oe`hy xkvg|bk vlcgvlyxexmg`. Hexe feylg` ogieo ig~m`b yxvexlbmlykxx~4''aem`hf.|`ciii.m`x'~|fomi'ehe~xexmg`'ehe~xexmg`Wieylyx|h}.~o7mhW~vgdlix1552

Rmoomeayg`/ G. 5=;


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Rgvoh Fe`j/ 6>>6. Rgvoh hlslog~al`x vl~gvx 6>>64 f|mohm`b m`yxmx|xmg`y cgv aevjlxy/G{cgvh4 G{cgvh \`mslvymx} ^vlyy.

[esmlv/ B./ Xgr`yl`/ V. e`h Smijlv}/ S. 6>>;. ^exxlv`y gc vem`ceoo m`y|ve`il ~evxmim~exmg`m` v|veo M`hme. Rgvoh Fe`j Lig`gami Vlsmlr. ~~4 5!6;

mainstreaming eco-based adaptation in vulnerability assessments - paper

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