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Main Characteristics of Anthropology Peoples and Cultures of Europe

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The Fields of General Anthropology archaeology physical or biological anthropology (bioanthropology) socio / cultural anthropology linguistic anthropology

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The Fields of General Anthropology archaeology physical or biological anthropology (bioanthropology) socio / cultural anthropology linguistic anthropology

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www.tamu.edu/anthropology/news.html

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Main Characteristics culture as a primary concept comparative methods as major approaches to the study of human behavior development and structure holism or the study of "humankind" as a whole, as a primary goal of anthropology

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Main Characteristics culture as a primary concept comparative methods as major approaches to the study of human behavior development and structure holism or the study of "humankind" as a whole, as a primary goal of anthropology

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Main Characteristics culture learned shared transmitted from generation to generation based on symbols integrated

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Main Characteristics culture is not inherited (i.e., is not biological) is not instinct

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Main Characteristics cultures are integrated interact and change

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The Concept of Culture Microculture a distinct pattern of learned and shared behavior and thinking found within larger cultures such as ethnic groups in localized regions local cultures

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microcultures can include ethnic groups within nations e.g., Anishinabe (Chippewa; Ojibwa) e.g., Rom (Gypsies) e.g., Irish Travellers sometimes incorrectly called Gypsies e.g., Basques e.g., Kurds e.g., Australian Aboriginals The Concept of Culture

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Microculture a distinct pattern of learned and shared behavior and thinking found within larger cultures such as ethnic groups in localized regions local cultures Macroculture a distinct pattern of learned and shared behavior and thinking that crosses local boundaries, such as transnational culture and global culture The Concept of Culture

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macrocultures can include groups across nations e.g., Rom (Gypsies) e.g., ? Al Qaeda The Concept of Culture

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Main Characteristics culture as a primary concept comparative methods as major approaches to the study of human behavior development and structure holism or the study of "humankind" as a whole, as a primary goal of anthropology

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Main Characteristics comparative method as a major approach to the study of human behavior the comparative method compares things

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Main Characteristics comparative method One form of comparative method was pioneered by Fred Eggan (University of Chicago) Social anthropology and the method of controlled comparison American Anthropologist, 56:743-61 (1954)

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Main Characteristics comparative method One form of comparative method was pioneered by Fred Eggan (University of Chicago) Social anthropology and the method of controlled comparison American Anthropologist, 56:743-61 (1954)

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Main Characteristics comparative method Other methods... compare things regionally in an attempt to understand process

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Main Characteristics comparative method Other methods... compare things regionally in an attempt to understand process

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Main Characteristics the comparative method compares things, for e.g., process of domestication / civilization maize Mexico wheat Turkey rice China manioc Brazil millet Africa

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Main Characteristics the comparative method compares things, for e.g., process of domestication / civilization maize Mexico wheat Turkey rice China manioc Brazil millet Africa

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Origin of Domestication for Selected Plants Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th Ed., p. 342. rice 7,000 ybp manioc 4,200 ybp maize 4,200 ybp wheat 10,500 ybp millet 4,000 ybp

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Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th Ed., p. 333. Time line for Ch. 14 Food Production. Neolithic Chapter 14 Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9 th Ed. Food Production A Biocultural Revolution

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Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th Ed., p. 333. Time line for Ch. 14 Food Production. Neolithic Tehuacn

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Tehuacn Valley, Puebla, Mexico Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th Ed., p. 432. maize 4,200 ybp

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Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th Ed., p. 333. Time line for Ch. 14 Food Production. Neolithic

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Early Neolithic sites Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th Ed., p. 349.

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Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th Ed., p. 333. Time line for Ch. 14 Food Production. Neolithic

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Mehrgarh One of the earliest Neolithic settlements of southern Asia, Pakistan Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th Ed., p. 352.

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Main Characteristics culture as a primary concept comparative methods as major approaches to the study of human behavior development and structure holism or the study of "humankind" as a whole, as a primary goal of anthropology

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The Fields of General Anthropology archaeology physical or biological anthropology (bioanthropology) socio / cultural anthropology linguistic anthropology

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http://www.tamu.edu/anthropology/news.html 1 2 3 4 The main fields of general anthropology

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holism

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difficult terms

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Glossary ethnography scientific description of cultures (a portrait of a people)

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Glossary ethno graphy graph from the Greek, meaning something written or drawn

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Glossary ethnology comparative study of cultures

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Glossary ethology scientific study of the social behavior of animals, especially in their natural environments note that there is no n in ethology

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Glossary primatology scientific study of the social behavior of primates, especially (non-human primates) apes and monkeys

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Glossary primates prosimians (pre-monkeys) monkeys apes and also humans

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http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth1602/pcprim.html

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Glossary non-human primates prosimians (pre-monkeys) monkeys apes

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non-human primates

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Glossary primatologist usually refers to one who studies the behavior and social lives of chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, monkeys, etc. e.g., Jane Goodall, Diane Fossy, Birute Galdikas-Brindamour

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Main Characteristics culture as a primary concept comparative method as major approach to the study of human behavior holism or the study of "humankind" as a whole, as a primary theoretical goal of anthropology fieldwork as a primary research technique (participant observation)

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Glossary Other important terms include...

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Glossary ethnocentrism judging other cultures by the standards of ones own culture rather than by the standards of that particular culture

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Glossary cultural relativism the perspective that each culture must be understood in terms of the values and ideas of that culture and should not be judged by the standards of another

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Glossary absolute cultural relativism the perspective that says a person from one culture should not question the rightness or wrongness of behavior or ideas in other cultures because that would be ethnocentric

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Glossary absolute cultural relativism World War II Holocaust arranged underage marriage female genital mutilations withholding of medical treatment of children for religious reasons polygyny....

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http://www.dailytexanonline.com/news/2004/03/26/StateLocal/Polygamists.Might.Be.Building.In.Texas-642621.shtml

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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7333004.stm

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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7431848.stm

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http://www.presstelegram.com/Stories/0,1413,204%257E23187%257E2235392,00.html

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www.wuwm.com/programs/news/view_news.php?articleid=2242

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Glossary critical cultural relativism offers an alternative view that poses questions about cultural practices and ideas in terms of who accepts them and why, and who they might be harming or helping

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Multiple Cultural Worlds people live in multiple cultural worlds

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class race ethnicity gender age institutions

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units of analysis may include: one person (e.g., Paul Buffalo, Nan) the family (e.g., Strodtbeck) the community a region culture area a culture / subculture Chicanos Irish Irish Travellers (Gypsies) Rom (Gypsies) Basques Catalans

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units of analysis may include: one person (e.g., Paul Buffalo, Nan) the family (e.g., Strodtbeck) the community a region culture area a culture / subculture Chicanos Irish Irish Travellers (Gypsies) Rom (Gypsies) Basques Catalans

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http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/Buffalo/Intro-Temp2.html Paul Buffalo Meditating Medicine

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http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth3635/cetexts.html#Nan Sharon Gmelch Nan: The Life of an Irish Traveling Woman, Revised Edition. Long Grove: IL: Waveland Press, 1991. (ISBN: 0881336025)

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This was earlier advocated by: Bronislow Malinowski Edward Sapir (Sapir-Whorf hypothesis) Margaret Mead

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units of analysis may include: one person (e.g., Paul Buffalo) the family (e.g., Strodtbeck) the community a region culture area a culture / subculture Chicanos Irish Irish Travellers (Gypsies) Rom (Gypsies) Basques Catalans

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