www.castlegroup.co.uk

Copyright Castle Group Ltd 2010

Simon Bull, Castle Group Ltd

www.castlegroup.co.uk

Copyright Castle Group Ltd 2010

Lone Working & Connected Safety

Keeping Workers Safe Wherever They Are

Why Bother?

•  Corporate Manslaughter & Corporate Homicide Act 2007

•  2016 Sentencing Guidelines

•  Civil Claims

•  Insurance & General Cost of Incidents

•  Victims and Their Families!

Lone working…

Lone Working

•  “Someone who works by themselves without close or direct supervision.” (HSE)

•  How Many do You Have?

•  How Long Would It Take To Find Them?

What you Need

•  Policy and Risk Assessment

•  Training

•  Monitoring §  Lone Worker Devices or Apps

§  Alarm Receiving Centre

•  Response - Internal or External?

•  Post Incident Procedure

Working Alone (INDG73)

Lone worker Policy:

•  Who is a Lone Worker?

•  Where do they Work?

•  Define Safe System of Work §  Use of LWD?

•  Personal and Organisation Responsibilities

•  What Controls are in Place?

•  Emergency and Escape Procedures

Prohibited Lone Working

•  Young People Cannot Work Alone!

•  Vehicles Carrying Explosives

•  Confined Space Working

•  Fumigation Work

•  Diving Operations

Case Study - Anchor Services

•  Security Guard Killed Working Alone

•  CO From Petrol Generator

•  Failed to Assess Risks Properly

•  Lone Worker Policy not Implemented

•  £20,000 Plus £35,656 Costs

Risk Assessment

•  Employers should identify the following: §  Chemicals or Hazardous Substances?

§  Lifting Large Objects?

§  Risk of Violence/aggression?

§  Vulnerable Individual?

§  English as first language?

What is Connected Safety?

•  Real-Time

•  Alerts and Feedback

•  Voice Communication

•  Multiple Hazards §  Lone Working

§  Hazardous Environments

§  Confined Space Entry

Portable Gas Detection

•  Where and When is Exposure Happening?

•  Near-miss Reporting Often Neglected

•  Manual Upload of Data

•  Reliant on Worker Response

Blackline Safety G7

•  3G cellular and satellite

•  Gas Detection, Falls, No-motion, Check-ins, SOS

•  Real-time Alerting

•  Two-way Voice and Text

•  Mass Notification

•  Live Evacuation Management

•  Emergency Response

Copyright Castle Group Ltd 2010

The Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005

How are You Measuring up?

Why is HAVS a Problem?

•  HSE Intervention

•  Prosecution

•  Claims (Litigation)

•  Injury and Disability

Claims, Claims, Claims

•  NO WIN, NO FEE!

•  £6,761.03 compensation for victim of Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome!

•  £15,000 compensation for construction worker who developed HAVS!

•  over £100,000 for a road worker exposed to regular and repetitive use of a jack hammer!

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

VWF and Carpal Tunnel

Vibration White Finger Carpal tunnel syndrome

Prosecutions Date Organisation Fine March 2018 Tai Calon Community Housing £30,000 Nov 2016 Thanet DistrictCouncil £250,000 April 2016 Sandvik £292,000 Dec 2015 Linde Trucks £64,000 June 2015 Plaxton £100,000 May 2014 Babcock £20,000 Dec 2013 Onesubsea UK £144,000 Jan 2012 Suffolk CC £91,000 April 2011 Land Rover £80,000

Definitions

•  HAVS - Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome §  Vascular Component

•  Vibration White Finger (VWF)

§  Sensorineural (Neurological) Component

§ Muscular & Soft Tissue Component

What does VWF look like? 1 2 3

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Cause of HAVS

To measure or not to measure

Action and Limit Values

•  Standardised to an 8 hour reference period

•  Based on root-sum-of-squares

•  Weekly Average - 40 hour week

HAVS (Vector) WBV (Dominant) Limit Value 5 m/s² 1.15 m/s² Action Value 2.5 m/s² 0.5 m/s²

Vibration Level

•  Manufacturers Datasheet

•  Internet Databases

•  Measurement

Variation in the Task

•  Individual Tool

•  Bit/Disk/Blade etc.

•  Work-Piece/Surface

•  Operator § Weight, Strength

•  Environmental Conditions

•  Duration of Task

Compliance -v-

Litigation

Measurement

Vibration Measurements

•  DISPLACEMENT §  Distance Moved

•  (m or mm)

•  VELOCITY §  Rate of change of distance

•  (m/s)

•  ACCELERATION §  Rate of change of velocity

•  (m/s2, ms-2, m/s/s or ‘g’)

•  JERK §  Rate of change of Acceleration

•  (m/s3 or ms-3).

Acceleration Equivalent Level (Aeq)

•  A measure of the “average” vibration level during a period of time, in ms-2

Aeq

ms-2

Time

A measure of the “average” vibration level during a period of time, in ms-2.

Hand-Arm Filter Frequency Weighting as detailed in ISO 5349: 2001

0.01

0.1

1

10

1 3 8

12.5 20

31.5 50 80 125

200

315

500

800

Wei

ghtin

g Fa

ctor

Frequency/ Hz

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 2 4 8 16 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000

Frequency(Hz)

Hand

-Arm

Vibratio

nLevel

Examples of Weighting

Unweighted acceleration

Weighted acceleration

0.01

0.1

1

101 3 8

12.5 20

31.5 50 80 125

200

315

500

800

Wei

ghtin

g Fa

ctor

Frequency/ Hz

Tri-Axial Results

Y

Z

X

Vector Sum Calculation

•  For those interested in maths…

( )2,,

2,,

2,,, )( whzwhywhxwh aaaaSumVector ++=−

Accelerometer Mounting

Practical Demo Time…

So Why Measure

•  Many Factors Affect Numbers

•  Huge Variability of Results

•  Tools Change Over Time

•  Evidence of Compliance

•  Defence of Litigation – You will Lose!

•  Mitigation of Claims

“Real-world” Vibration Levels Tool / Equipment

Acceleration (ah,w) m/s² Recommended Maximum Exposure Time

Good Typical Poor Good Typical Poor

Angle grinders 1 5 10 > 24 hours 2 ½ hours 36 minutes

Jackhammers 5 18 30 2 ½ hours 12 minutes 4 minutes

Rotary Hammer Drills

5 8 18 2 ½ hours 46 minutes 12 minutes

Rotary Sanders 1 5 10 > 24 hours 2 ½ hours 36 minutes

Strimmers 3 6 15 7 hours 1 ¾ hours 17 minutes

Floor Polishers 1 2 4 > 24 hours 16 hours 4 hours

Impact Wrenches 1 4 16 > 24 hours 4 hours 15 minutes

Nut Runners 3 4 8 7 hours 4 hours 1 hour

Power Screwdrivers

1 3 8 > 24 hours 7 hours 1 hour

Rotary Drills 2 4 8 16 hours 4 hours 1 hour

Lawnmowers 2 5 10 16 hours 2 ½ hours 36 minutes

Levels quoted are dominant axis and compared to the HSE Action Value of 2.8 m/s²

A New Way to Think About Exposure

Exposure is Exposure

Drinking Scale

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Dru

nk-n

ess

Time (Hours)

Pints Downed

HSE Vibration Points Scale

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Poin

ts

Time (Hours)

2.5m/s/s Points

A(8) Scale

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

ms-

2

Time (Hours)

A(8) ahw

A(8) Daily Exposure (ms-2)

•  Calculated from Measurements

•  Cumulative Measure

•  Starts at Zero

•  Just Like Drinking!

•  8 Hours Reference

•  Combine Exposures

•  HSE Points

Vibrationmagnitude

m/s

2

40 267 800 AboveExposureLimitValue30 150 450 900 LikelytobeatoraboveELV25 104 315 625 1250 AboveExposureActionValue20 67 200 400 800 1200 LikelytobeatoraboveEAV19 60 180 360 720 1083 1450 BelowExposureActionValue18 54 160 325 650 972 130017 48 145 290 580 867 115016 43 130 255 510 768 100015 38 115 225 450 675 900 135014 33 98 195 390 588 785 120013 28 85 170 340 507 675 1000 135012 24 72 145 290 432 575 865 1150 145011 20 61 120 240 363 485 725 970 1200 145010 17 50 100 200 300 400 600 800 1000 12009 14 41 81 160 243 325 485 650 810 970 13008 11 32 64 130 192 255 385 510 640 770 1000 12007 8 25 49 98 147 195 295 390 490 590 785 8656 6 18 36 72 108 145 215 290 360 430 575 720

5.5 5 15 30 61 91 120 180 240 305 365 485 6055 4 13 25 50 75 100 150 200 250 300 400 500

4.5 3 10 20 41 61 81 120 160 205 245 325 4054 3 8 16 32 48 64 96 130 160 190 255 320

3.5 2 6 12 25 37 49 74 98 125 145 195 2453 2 5 9 18 27 36 54 72 90 110 145 180

2.5 1 3 6 13 19 25 38 50 63 75 100 1252 1 2 4 8 12 16 24 32 40 48 64 80

1.5 0 1 2 5 7 9 14 18 23 27 36 451 0 1 1 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 16 20

00:05 00:15 00:30 01:00 01:30 02:00 03:00 04:00 05:00 06:00 08:00 10:00ExposureTime

No time like tool time

Trigger Time

Watch This Space!

Measuring Vibration Dose

Disclaimer!

•  Warning – Brief Seminar!

•  Use with Caution

•  The Castle Training Academy – The Plug!

•  www.CastleTrainingAcademy.com

www.castlegroup.co.uk