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www.castlegroup.co.uk
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Copyright Castle Group Ltd 2010
Simon Bull, Castle Group Ltd
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www.castlegroup.co.uk
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Copyright Castle Group Ltd 2010
Lone Working & Connected Safety
Keeping Workers Safe Wherever They Are
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Why Bother?
• Corporate Manslaughter & Corporate Homicide Act 2007
• 2016 Sentencing Guidelines
• Civil Claims
• Insurance & General Cost of Incidents
• Victims and Their Families!
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Lone working…
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Lone Working
• “Someone who works by themselves without close or direct supervision.” (HSE)
• How Many do You Have?
• How Long Would It Take To Find Them?
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What you Need
• Policy and Risk Assessment
• Training
• Monitoring § Lone Worker Devices or Apps
§ Alarm Receiving Centre
• Response - Internal or External?
• Post Incident Procedure
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Working Alone (INDG73)
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Lone worker Policy:
• Who is a Lone Worker?
• Where do they Work?
• Define Safe System of Work § Use of LWD?
• Personal and Organisation Responsibilities
• What Controls are in Place?
• Emergency and Escape Procedures
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Prohibited Lone Working
• Young People Cannot Work Alone!
• Vehicles Carrying Explosives
• Confined Space Working
• Fumigation Work
• Diving Operations
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Case Study - Anchor Services
• Security Guard Killed Working Alone
• CO From Petrol Generator
• Failed to Assess Risks Properly
• Lone Worker Policy not Implemented
• £20,000 Plus £35,656 Costs
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Risk Assessment
• Employers should identify the following: § Chemicals or Hazardous Substances?
§ Lifting Large Objects?
§ Risk of Violence/aggression?
§ Vulnerable Individual?
§ English as first language?
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What is Connected Safety?
• Real-Time
• Alerts and Feedback
• Voice Communication
• Multiple Hazards § Lone Working
§ Hazardous Environments
§ Confined Space Entry
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Portable Gas Detection
• Where and When is Exposure Happening?
• Near-miss Reporting Often Neglected
• Manual Upload of Data
• Reliant on Worker Response
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Blackline Safety G7
• 3G cellular and satellite
• Gas Detection, Falls, No-motion, Check-ins, SOS
• Real-time Alerting
• Two-way Voice and Text
• Mass Notification
• Live Evacuation Management
• Emergency Response
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Copyright Castle Group Ltd 2010
The Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005
How are You Measuring up?
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Why is HAVS a Problem?
• HSE Intervention
• Prosecution
• Claims (Litigation)
• Injury and Disability
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Claims, Claims, Claims
• NO WIN, NO FEE!
• £6,761.03 compensation for victim of Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome!
• £15,000 compensation for construction worker who developed HAVS!
• over £100,000 for a road worker exposed to regular and repetitive use of a jack hammer!
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0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
VWF and Carpal Tunnel
Vibration White Finger Carpal tunnel syndrome
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Prosecutions Date Organisation Fine March 2018 Tai Calon Community Housing £30,000 Nov 2016 Thanet DistrictCouncil £250,000 April 2016 Sandvik £292,000 Dec 2015 Linde Trucks £64,000 June 2015 Plaxton £100,000 May 2014 Babcock £20,000 Dec 2013 Onesubsea UK £144,000 Jan 2012 Suffolk CC £91,000 April 2011 Land Rover £80,000
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Definitions
• HAVS - Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome § Vascular Component
• Vibration White Finger (VWF)
§ Sensorineural (Neurological) Component
§ Muscular & Soft Tissue Component
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What does VWF look like? 1 2 3
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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
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Cause of HAVS
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To measure or not to measure
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Action and Limit Values
• Standardised to an 8 hour reference period
• Based on root-sum-of-squares
• Weekly Average - 40 hour week
HAVS (Vector) WBV (Dominant) Limit Value 5 m/s² 1.15 m/s² Action Value 2.5 m/s² 0.5 m/s²
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Vibration Level
• Manufacturers Datasheet
• Internet Databases
• Measurement
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Variation in the Task
• Individual Tool
• Bit/Disk/Blade etc.
• Work-Piece/Surface
• Operator § Weight, Strength
• Environmental Conditions
• Duration of Task
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Compliance -v-
Litigation
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Measurement
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Vibration Measurements
• DISPLACEMENT § Distance Moved
• (m or mm)
• VELOCITY § Rate of change of distance
• (m/s)
• ACCELERATION § Rate of change of velocity
• (m/s2, ms-2, m/s/s or ‘g’)
• JERK § Rate of change of Acceleration
• (m/s3 or ms-3).
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Acceleration Equivalent Level (Aeq)
• A measure of the “average” vibration level during a period of time, in ms-2
Aeq
ms-2
Time
A measure of the “average” vibration level during a period of time, in ms-2.
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Hand-Arm Filter Frequency Weighting as detailed in ISO 5349: 2001
0.01
0.1
1
10
1 3 8
12.5 20
31.5 50 80 125
200
315
500
800
Wei
ghtin
g Fa
ctor
Frequency/ Hz
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1 2 4 8 16 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000
Frequency(Hz)
Hand
-Arm
Vibratio
nLevel
Examples of Weighting
Unweighted acceleration
Weighted acceleration
0.01
0.1
1
101 3 8
12.5 20
31.5 50 80 125
200
315
500
800
Wei
ghtin
g Fa
ctor
Frequency/ Hz
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Tri-Axial Results
Y
Z
X
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Vector Sum Calculation
• For those interested in maths…
( )2,,
2,,
2,,, )( whzwhywhxwh aaaaSumVector ++=−
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Accelerometer Mounting
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Practical Demo Time…
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So Why Measure
• Many Factors Affect Numbers
• Huge Variability of Results
• Tools Change Over Time
• Evidence of Compliance
• Defence of Litigation – You will Lose!
• Mitigation of Claims
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“Real-world” Vibration Levels Tool / Equipment
Acceleration (ah,w) m/s² Recommended Maximum Exposure Time
Good Typical Poor Good Typical Poor
Angle grinders 1 5 10 > 24 hours 2 ½ hours 36 minutes
Jackhammers 5 18 30 2 ½ hours 12 minutes 4 minutes
Rotary Hammer Drills
5 8 18 2 ½ hours 46 minutes 12 minutes
Rotary Sanders 1 5 10 > 24 hours 2 ½ hours 36 minutes
Strimmers 3 6 15 7 hours 1 ¾ hours 17 minutes
Floor Polishers 1 2 4 > 24 hours 16 hours 4 hours
Impact Wrenches 1 4 16 > 24 hours 4 hours 15 minutes
Nut Runners 3 4 8 7 hours 4 hours 1 hour
Power Screwdrivers
1 3 8 > 24 hours 7 hours 1 hour
Rotary Drills 2 4 8 16 hours 4 hours 1 hour
Lawnmowers 2 5 10 16 hours 2 ½ hours 36 minutes
Levels quoted are dominant axis and compared to the HSE Action Value of 2.8 m/s²
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A New Way to Think About Exposure
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Exposure is Exposure
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Drinking Scale
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Dru
nk-n
ess
Time (Hours)
Pints Downed
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HSE Vibration Points Scale
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Poin
ts
Time (Hours)
2.5m/s/s Points
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A(8) Scale
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
ms-
2
Time (Hours)
A(8) ahw
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A(8) Daily Exposure (ms-2)
• Calculated from Measurements
• Cumulative Measure
• Starts at Zero
• Just Like Drinking!
• 8 Hours Reference
• Combine Exposures
• HSE Points
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Vibrationmagnitude
m/s
2
40 267 800 AboveExposureLimitValue30 150 450 900 LikelytobeatoraboveELV25 104 315 625 1250 AboveExposureActionValue20 67 200 400 800 1200 LikelytobeatoraboveEAV19 60 180 360 720 1083 1450 BelowExposureActionValue18 54 160 325 650 972 130017 48 145 290 580 867 115016 43 130 255 510 768 100015 38 115 225 450 675 900 135014 33 98 195 390 588 785 120013 28 85 170 340 507 675 1000 135012 24 72 145 290 432 575 865 1150 145011 20 61 120 240 363 485 725 970 1200 145010 17 50 100 200 300 400 600 800 1000 12009 14 41 81 160 243 325 485 650 810 970 13008 11 32 64 130 192 255 385 510 640 770 1000 12007 8 25 49 98 147 195 295 390 490 590 785 8656 6 18 36 72 108 145 215 290 360 430 575 720
5.5 5 15 30 61 91 120 180 240 305 365 485 6055 4 13 25 50 75 100 150 200 250 300 400 500
4.5 3 10 20 41 61 81 120 160 205 245 325 4054 3 8 16 32 48 64 96 130 160 190 255 320
3.5 2 6 12 25 37 49 74 98 125 145 195 2453 2 5 9 18 27 36 54 72 90 110 145 180
2.5 1 3 6 13 19 25 38 50 63 75 100 1252 1 2 4 8 12 16 24 32 40 48 64 80
1.5 0 1 2 5 7 9 14 18 23 27 36 451 0 1 1 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 16 20
00:05 00:15 00:30 01:00 01:30 02:00 03:00 04:00 05:00 06:00 08:00 10:00ExposureTime
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No time like tool time
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Trigger Time
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Watch This Space!
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Measuring Vibration Dose
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Disclaimer!
• Warning – Brief Seminar!
• Use with Caution
• The Castle Training Academy – The Plug!
• www.CastleTrainingAcademy.com
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www.castlegroup.co.uk