local winds and there harness

7/29/2019 Local Winds and There Harness

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BY

NAZIFI UMAR

11212533

SUBMITTED TO

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

Mr. AMANDEEP SINGHGEOGRAPHY DEPARTMENT LPU


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LOCAL WINDS AND THEIR HARNESS(A LEGACY FROM NIGERIA)


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- NIGERIA- DEFINITION AND TYPES OF WIND- FORCES GOVERNING THE MOVEMENT OF AIR- WIND TYPOLOGY OVER NIGERIA- HUNTURU- BAZARA- ITCZ- ATEGUN ALE/ASALE

- ATEGUN OSAN- CATABATIC WIND- ANABATIC WIND- CONCLUSION


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Air moves vertically and horizontally, but airmoving horizontally parallel to the earth surface

due to differences in pressure is called wind.There are two major types of wind systems;

-Planetary winds: These are wind systems thatoccur at macro scale affecting larger area of theearth surface e.g. Easterlies and trade winds.

-Local winds: These are wind systems that occur

at micro to meso scales affecting particular part ofthe earth surface due to certain environmentalfactors acting upon the area. E.g. Foehn, Typhoon,

Country breeze etc.


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Nigeria is a tropical country not more than 4 0North of the equator and also part of the

Monsoon regions of the world, therefore itexperience the blow of North easterly trade

during winters and South westerly tradeduring summers.


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Due to size and disparity in physiographybetween regions, the country develop some local

wind systems at micro levels.The following are the winds experience in Nigeria


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OriginIn winter the Sun is over the tropic of

Capricorn and this leads to the development oflow pressure belt in the Southern hemisphereand high pressure belt in the Northern

hemisphere, therefore wind blows from thenorth to south ward direction, Coriolis force

deflect the wind to North west direction. Thiswind is called Hunturu (Hamatarn) in NorthernNigeria where it strike first at early September.


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Characteristics The wind blow from North-east direction

The wind has a speed of approximately 50Km perhour

The wind blows from over the Sahara desert The wind is dry with little or zero moisture

The wind is dusty and speedy The wind push the moist and water bearing tropical

maritime air mass south ward The wind is less impeded by mountain barriers

The wind brought cool weather condition to thecountry The wind causes thick fog in Nigeria especially the

North


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-Hamatarn mark the end of the rainy season.-Hamatarn dried the ripened fruits.-Hamatarn help in growing cold loving crops like

wheat-Hamatarn remove the very hot weather of NorthernNigeria from September to Late February.-Hamatarn affect transportation by bringing poorvisibility especially in the north-The wind is used for water pumping-The wind is used for electricity generation


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OriginIn summer when the sun is at the tropic of Cancer

the low pressure belt shiftto the North and therefore wind blows from theSouth North ward. Coriolis force deflect the wind

direction to the South west. This wind is calledBazara in Northern Nigeria and it cover southernNigeria in February before it reach the North in

mid-May.


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Characteristics The wind blow from the South-west direction

The wind has a speed of approximately 25Km perhour

The wind blows from over the Atlantic Ocean The wind is moist and high humidity

The wind is clean and lower than Hamatarn invelocity

The wind push Tropical continental air mass Northward

The wind is well affected by mountain barriers The wind brought warm condition through out the

country The wind brought rain and cloudy skies through out

the country


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-The wind mark the end of the dry season in the country

-The wind determine the sowing and growing time of crops

-The wind determine most of the crop type to be grown in the country

-The wind remove the cold and dusty weather of the Hamatarn

-The wind facilitate navigation of many rivers by recharging them with water

-The wind determine the length the growing season in Nigeria

-The wind is used for electricity generation in the country


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Hunturu and Bazara in Nigeria are converging ina region of equatorial law and this causes theascending of moist hot air and consequently

abundant precipitation. This region is the InterTropical Convergence Zone of the Hadleytemperature driven cell. The ITCZ shift from South

to North and from north to south over Nigeriafrom February to December. The position of thiszone determine the extent of where it affected by

dry or rainy season.


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I T C Z

Tc

Tm


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OriginIn Jos plateau and some other mountainous areas of

Nigeria the winds at valley bottom heated moreintensely than the adjacent air at the mountain top

during the night. This make a funnelling effectwhere the wind glide down the mountain slope.This wind called Catabatic wind produce

radiational fog in valleys especially in dry seasons.Some times ejection of cold air from above reducethe temperature below and balance the condition.This wind moves at average speed of11-14 Km per

hour


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OriginIn the day time the hill top of these mountainousareas is heated more than the valley bottom and

by so the wind is blown up ward. This wind inmany times release smoke like appearance andin short time produces cloud and rain which

makes Jos plateau wetter than the surroundingplain. This wind moves at an average speed of

4-7Km per hour


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During the day time especially in summers thecoast of Nigeria is heated more than the adjacent

sea and this leads to the development of lowpressure belt over the land and therefore windblow from the Atlantic ocean to Nigerian coast.

This type of Sea breeze moves at an averagespeed of 14-30 Km per hours and affect the are of

almost 20km in the hinterland.


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In the night time the Atlantic ocean becomewarmer than the Nigerian coast and thisgenerate the flow of wind from the land sea

ward. This kind of land breeze moves at a speedof 360-1080Km per hour.

This wind moves to almost 20Km into theAtlantic ocean.


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.These winds help fisher men in Nigerian coast tomove freely into the ocean in the night and free

return during the day.

The winds refresh Nigerian coast from high heat ofthe equatorial regions

The winds encourage workers in Nigerian coast towork 24/7

The winds is well used for the electrification ofcoastal areas


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In essence, there is development of differentwind systems globally, as the wind driven

forces are working everywhere. These winds

also bring different potentialities. In Nigeriathere is development of local winds that areharnessing in a developmental way, even

though there are a lot to do for the

maximization of their benefit. Much to emulatein this harness of wind resource.


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S.I Oguntoyimbo (1980) Systematic Geography of

NigeriaAhir R.(2011) Geography Spectrum publishersLutgens, Tarbuck and Tarsa (2012) The AtnosphereLal D.S (2012) ClimatologyRichfield H.J (3013) General ClimatologyEncyclopaedia BritannicaEncarta EncyclopaediaWikkipedia.com


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DHANYABAAD

local winds and there harness

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