life changes: the process of change. growth and development n begins with birth n ends with death
TRANSCRIPT
LIFE STAGES
Persons differ greatly Every person passes through certain
stages of growth and development
CLASSIFICATIONSSEVEN STAGES
Infancy - birth to 1 year Early childhood - 1 -6 years Late childhood - 6-12 years Adolescence - 12 -20 years Early adulthood - 20 - 40 years Middle adulthood - 40 - 65 years Late adulthood - 65 and up
TYPES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT4 TYPES
Physical: Body growth Mental: development of mind Emotional: feelings Social: interactions & relationship
CHARACTERISTICS OF STAGES
Tasks progress from simple to complex foundations for the next stage rate of accomplishment varies
Physical Development
Dramatic & Rapid changes Tripled weight Teeth Vision Reflex Actions:
Moro (startle), Rooting, Sucking, Grasp
Motor Development 2 months: roll from side to back 4 months: hold head up while sitting
with support 7 months: crawl 12 months: walk without assistance
Mental Development Rapid during first year respond to discomforts
pain, cold, or hunger by crying gradually become more aware of
surroundingsrecognize individuals
learning activities grow speech
Social Development Progresses from the total self-centered
concept of the newborn to a gradual recognition of others in the environment
4 months recognize persons who care for them smile stare at others
6 months watch activities of others show signs of possessiveness shy or withdrawn from strangers
Social Development 12 months
shy with strangers socialize freely with familiar people mimic & imitate gestures like facial
expressions and vocal sounds
Emotional Newborns show
excitement 4-6 months:
distress, delight, anger, fear
12 months: elation and affection
Needs Dependent on others for ALL needs Food, cleanliness, and rest are
essential for physical growth Stimulation is essential for mental
growth Love and security are essential for
emotional and social growth
Physical Development Slower than during infancy Skeletal and muscle development helps a
child look more like an adult legs & lower body tend to grow more rapidly
then the head, arms & chest muscle coordination
run, climb, and move freely finger muscles develop learns to write, draw &
use a fork & knife
Physical continued
Age 2-3 years most teeth have erupted digestive system is mature enough to
handle most adult food Age 2-4 years
learn bowel & bladder control
Mental Development Advances rapidly during early childhood Verbal growth
Progresses from several words at age 1 to 1,500 -2,500 words by age 6
Mental Development 2 year olds
short attention span interested in many activities remember details begins understanding concepts
Mental Development 4 year old
ask frequent questions recognize letters and some words begin to make decisions based on logic
rather than trial & error
Mental Development 6 YR OLD
Very Verbal wants to learn how to read Memory has developed
make decisions based on both past and present experiences
Emotional Development Ages 1 to 2
Develops self awareness and the effect they have on others
Limits are usually established for safety Anger, temper tantrums may occur if
desired performance not accomplished Likes routine. Becomes stubborn, angry, or
frustrated when changes occur
Emotional Development Ages 4 - 6
gain more control over emotions know right or wrong more independent less anxiety when faced with new
experiences
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Separation anxiety Playing alongside other children is more
common than playing with other children
4- 6 years: Gradually puts “self” aside. Trust and effort to please others develops Friends of their own age become important
Needs Food, rest shelter, protection, love and
security Routine, order, consistency in daily life Taught to be responsible and must
learn how to conform to rules
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT Slow but steady Gain 5-7 pounds per year Ht increase 2-3 inches per year Muscle coordination well developed Physical activities that require complex
motor-sensory skills Loose primary teeth. Permanent teeth
erupt Visual acuity the best 10-12 sexual maturation may begin
MENTAL DEVELOPMENT Increases due to school Speech skills develop more
completely Reading & writing should be learned Information used to solve problems Memory becomes more complex Understands more abstract concepts
Loyalty, honesty, values,and morals
EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Age 6 Frightened and uncertain as they
begin school Reassuring parents and success in
school helps gain self-confidence Fears replaced with coping abilities Learn to control emotions
Emotional Development
10 – 12 Years: Sexual maturation and body
changes can lead to periods of depression followed by periods of joy
Restless and anxious Difficult to understand
SOCIAL CHANGES 7 years:
Activities they can do by self Approval of others especially parents and
friends 8-10 years:
Group oriented with members of their own gender
Accept opinions of others Conform to rules and behavior of the group
Social Development
10 – 12 Years: Tend to make friends more easily Increasing awareness of opposite sex Gradually move away from parents
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT Growth spurts can cause rapid
increases in height and weight awkwardness or clumsiness Puberty
development of the sexual organs and secondary sexual characteristics
secretions of sex hormones
MENTAL DEVELOPMENT Increase knowledge and social
skills Learn to make decisions; accept
responsibility for actions Treated both like child and adult
Emotional Development Often stormy and in conflict Concerned about their appearance Respond more to peer groups May create a conflict with vales
previously established
Emotional Development
Later adolescence: Self-Identity has been established Feel more comfortable with who
they are Concerned about career – who and
what they may become
Social Development Spend less time with family and
more time with peer group Security in groups of people their
own age and similarities Develop a more mature attitude
and patterns of behavior
Needs Reassurance, support and
understanding If needs not met problems that
may develop include: Eating disorders Drug and alcohol abuse Suicide
Chemical Abuse
Development of a physical and /or mental dependence on these chemicals. Trying to relieve anxiety or stress Peer pressure Escape from problems Experimentation
Suicide One of the leading causes of death
in adolescents Reasons
Depression Grief Failure in school Not meeting expectations Lack of self-esteem
Suicide Warning Signs Verbal statements such as “I’d
rather be dead,” or “you’d be better off without me”
Sudden changes in appetite and sleep habits
Withdrawal and moodiness Excessive fatigue or agitation Alcohol or drug abuse
PhysicalDevelopment completeMotor coordination is at its peakPrime childbearing time and usually produces the healthiest babies
Emotional Subject to emotional stresses of
decision making Find satisfaction in their achievements Take responsibility for their actions Accept criticism and profit from
mistakes
Social Move away from peer group and
instead associate with others who have similar ambitions and interests, regardless of age
Development of personal family
Physical Hair begins to gray and thin Skin begins to wrinkle Muscle tone decreases Hearing loss starts Visual acuity declines Weight gain occurs
Physical Female
Menopause: end of menstruation, decreased hormone production
Male Male climacteric: decreased hormone production
leads to physical and psychological changes Never lose the ability to produce sperm or
reproduce except in cases of injury, disease or surgery
Mental Mental ability continues to increase Learned to cope with different stresses Confident in decision-making and
excellent in analyzing situations
Emotional Can be a period of contentment and
satisfaction or it can be a time of crisis Job stability, financial success, end of child
rearing and good health = Emotional Satisfaction
Job loss, fear of aging, loss of youth and vitality, illness, marital problems = Depression, anxiety, anger
Social Family relationships may see a decline
as children begin lives of their own and parents die
Marriages can become stronger with more time together or dissolve if remained together “for the children’s sake”.
Physical All body systems are affected by
decline with changes that slowly occur over time
Due to better health and better living conditions, many do not show physical changes of aging until their 70s – 80s
Mental Mental abilities vary Short-term memory is usually the first to
decline Alzheimer’s disease and dementia
Emotional Adjustment is necessary!
Retirement, death of a spouse and friends, loss of independence, and knowledge that life must end can all cause emotional distress.
At risk for loneliness and depression
Social Retirement can lead to less contact with
others and a more limited circle of friends usually occurs.
Developments of new social contacts is important