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Level 3 Progression Award inElectrical and Electronics Servicing (6958-03)

Qualification handbookConsumer and Commercial Electronics

www.cityandguilds.com

November 2006

Version 2.0

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Level 3 Progression Award inElectrical and Electronics Servicing (6958-03)

Qualification handbookConsumer and Commercial Electronics

Version 2.0

10.06/PO4500017578/ST00020421

05 Rationale/Scope

05 General information

05 General structure

06 Assessment and quality assurance

06 Assignments

06 Assessment grading

07 Examinations

07 Course Design

07 Centre and Scheme approval

08 The award

08 Assessment structure

09 Registration and certification

10 Test specifications (core units)

12 Test specifications (optional units)

14 Assignment specifications

16 Relationship to NVQ

19 Key Skills signposting

21 Core units

21 Unit 1 Electronic principles

25 Unit 2 Test and measurement

33 Unit 3 Analogue electronics

37 Unit 4 Digital electronics

43 Optional units

43 Unit 5 Microprocessors and micro-controllers

53 Unit 6 Consumer electronics (Television systems)

61 Unit 7 Consumer electronics (Video and audio systems)

71 Unit 8 Commercial electronics

81 Unit 9 PC based systems

Contents

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Rationale/Scope

This qualification is aimed at candidates wishing to progress from the Level 2Progression Award in Consumer/Commercial Electronics.

This qualification is part of the Progression Awards suite of qualifications. It isintended to provide the skills and knowledge at Level 3 for candidates seeking toacquire an understanding of electrical and electronics technology. It is structured tocater for a number of options including commercial systems, PC based systems andhome entertainment. Candidates are required to complete the core (mandatory)units and any two of the optional units.

The content covers repair and servicing and maintenance of electronic systems tocomponent level.

The qualification has been designed to contribute towards the knowledge andunderstanding for the N/SVQ in Electrical and Electronics Servicing Level 3 (City &Guilds scheme 2248). It allows progression into that NVQ; however, it also provides avaluable alternative for those candidates who do not have access to the N/SVQ.

Progression Awards are available in a range of vocational areas; please contact theCustomer Relations unit at City & Guilds for further information.

General information

Progression Awards have been designed by City & Guilds to support governmentinitiatives towards the National Qualifications Framework. They can contributetowards the knowledge and understanding required for the related N/SVQ while notrequiring or proving evidence of occupational competence.

General structure

Progression Awards are made up of units expressed in a standard format. Each unitis preceded by details of• the structure of the unit• the aims and general coverage of the unit• the relationship of the unit to the appropriate N/SVQ National

Occupational Standards• the outcomes• the assessment methods• signposting of opportunities to generate evidence for Key Skills.

Level 3 Progression Award in Electrical andElectronics Servicing

05Level 3 Progression Award in Electrical and Electronics Servicing 6958-03

Assessment and quality assurance

National standards and rigorous quality assurance are maintained by the use of• City & Guilds’ externally set and marked written test (s)• Assignments, provided by City & Guilds, with quality assurance assured by the

centre and monitored by City & Guilds external verification system, to ensure thatnational standards are maintained.

Quality assurance for initial centre approval and scheme approval is undertakenthrough City & Guilds external verification system. Details of City & Guilds’ criteriaand procedures, including roles of centre staff and External Verifiers, can be found inProviding City & Guilds Qualifications – a guide to centre and scheme approval.

Written tests assess knowledge and understanding. For this qualification, the four coreunits are covered by two synoptic multiple-choice examinations, with each optionalunit being covered by a written exam containing structured answer questions.

Assignments

Assignments assess the application of skills and knowledge through practicalactivities. It is essential that centres ensure that candidates cover the content of the whole unit.

Copies of assignments materials are available on request from City & Guilds. Pleasecontact the Building Services team on 0207 294 2731/2674 to obtain copies.

The assignment materials contain the following:• candidate’s assignments logbook• assessor’s assignment guidebook

Centres use the same assignment materials each year. Therefore if centres alreadyhave copies of the assignments, these may be re-used for each consecutive set of candidates.

With regard to assignment verification, External Verifiers normally visit centresannually for quality checking and auditing. A sample representation of assignmentsmay need to be viewed during this time.

Assessment grading

Assessment components for both the written test(s) and the assignments will begraded (Pass, Credit, Distinction). A pass is the achievement level required for theknowledge and understanding in an NVQ and generally represents the ability tofollow instructions and procedures. Credit and Distinction represent increasinglevels of ability to changing circumstances and to independently resolve problems.

For candidates with particular requirements, centres should refer to City & Guilds’policy document, Access to assessment, candidates with particular requirements.

06 Level 3 Progression Award in Electrical and Electronics Servicing 6958-03

Examinations

Multiple choice and written examinations take place on fixed dates, in June andDecember each year. Details of examination dates and times are given in the ProductCatalogue on the City & Guilds website. Multiple choice and written examinations aremarked by City & Guilds.

Course design

Assessors/Tutors should familiarise themselves with the structure and content of theaward before designing an appropriate course; in particular they are advised toconsider the knowledge and understanding requirements of the relevant N/SVQ.

City & Guilds does not itself provide courses of instruction or specify entryrequirements. As long as the requirements for the award are met,teachers/assessors may design courses of study in any way that they feel best meetsthe needs and capabilities of the candidates.

City & Guilds recommends that candidates should not enter, with any otherawarding body, for a qualification at the same level with the same title.

It is recommended that centres cover the following in the delivery of the course,where appropriate• Key Skills (such as Communication, Application of Numbers, Information

Technology, Working with Others, Improving own Learning and Performance,Problem Solving)

• Health and Safety considerations, in particular the need to impress on candidatesthat they must preserve the health and safety of others as well as themselves

• Spiritual, moral, social and cultural issues• Environmental education• European dimension.

It is recommended that 500 guided learning hours in total should be allocated for the4 core units and 2 optional units required for certification.

Centre and scheme approval

Centres wishing to offer City & Guilds’ qualifications must gain approval.

New centres must apply for centre and scheme approval.

Existing City & Guilds’ centres will need to get specific scheme approval to run thisProgression Award.

Full details of the process for both centre and scheme approval are given in ProvidingCity & Guilds’ qualifications – a guide to centre and scheme approval, which isavailable from City & Guilds’ regional offices.

City & Guilds reserves the right to suspend an approved centre, or withdraw itsapproval from an approved centre, to conduct a particular City & Guilds’ scheme orCity & Guilds’ schemes, for reasons of debt, malpractice or for any reason that maybe detrimental to the maintenance of authentic, reliable and valid qualifications orthat may prejudice the name of City & Guilds.


The award

For the award of a certificate, candidates must successfully complete the assessments for the four core units (1-4) and any two optional units (5-9).

Assessment structure

Core units Assessment components required

Unit 1 Electronic principles 6958-03-301 Assignment

Unit 2 Test and measurement 6958-03-302 Assignment

Unit 3 Analogue electronics 6958-03-303 Assignment

Unit 4 Digital electronics 6958-03-304 Assignment

Units 1-2 Electronic principles and testing (MC) 6958-03-321 Multiple-choice test

Units 3-4 Analogue and digital electronics (MC) 6958-03-321 Multiple-choice test

Optional units

Unit 5 Microprocessors and micro-controllers 6958-03-305 Assignment

6958-03-315 Structured answer test

Unit 6 Consumer electronics 6958-03-306 Assignment(Television systems)


Unit 7 Consumer electronics (Video and 6958-03-307 AssignmentAudio systems)


Unit 8 Commercial electronics 6958-03-308 Assignment


Unit 9 PC based systems 6958-03-309 Assignment


Progression Award: Electrical and ElectronicsServicing – Level 3


Registration and certification

Candidates must enter for assessment and certification through a City & Guilds’approved centre. Procedures for registration and entry for all City & Guildsqualifications are detailed in the Product Catalogue on the City & Guilds website.

There is an appeals procedure which makes clear the circumstances under whichappeals may be made, the information required and the procedures to resolve them.For further information on the appeals procedure, please consult the City & Guildswebsite under the following:

UK/Centres and training providers/centre support/policy and procedures/appealsand complaints.

Candidates for Progression Awards must be registered using Form S / WalledGarden. For dated examinations, candidates should be registered using Form S /Walled Garden by the first day of the preceding month at the latest.

For assignments, centres use Form S / Walled Garden and tick Results Submission.Enter each component number claimed, followed by D, C, P or X, to indicate thegrade achieved.

Centres will decide when each candidate should complete each assignment andmark them according to guidance from City & Guilds and External Verifiers. Results(in the form of grades) should be submitted as detailed above.


Test specifications (core units)

The underpinning knowledge requirements for the four core units, units 1-4, will beassessed by two synoptic multiple-choice question papers, externally set andmarked by City & Guilds.

Component/Paper 320: Electronic principles and testing

(Core Units 1 and 2)

Test duration: 1 hour 30 minutesTotal number of questions: 40

No of

Unit Outcome questions

1 1 demonstrate an understanding of reactance, resonance 10and transformers, and the practical application of these components and circuits

2 demonstrate an understanding of semi-conductor 9devices, displays and transducers, and the practical applications of these components

2 1 demonstrate an understanding of analogue and 4digital meters

2 demonstrate an understanding of oscilloscopes and 4their uses

3 demonstrate an understanding of test and 4measurement instruments for components and signals

4 demonstrate an understanding of the role of the PC in 2test and measurement

5 demonstrate an understanding of equipment reliability 4and surface mount repair

6 demonstrate an understanding of safety testing and 3electromagnetic compatibility


Component/Paper 321: Analogue and digital electronics

(Core Units 3 and 4)


No of


3 1 demonstrate an understanding of d.c. power supplies, 6to component level

2 demonstrate an understanding of low frequency 8amplifiers, power amplifiers and operational amplifiers, to component level

3 demonstrate an understanding of oscillators, 6multivibrators and waveform generator circuits, to component level

4 1 demonstrate an understanding of logic families and the 5terms used in their specifications

2 demonstrate an understanding of time division 4multiplex (TDM)

3 demonstrate and understanding of sequential logic 74 demonstrate an appreciation of common fault types 4

and an understanding of fault-finding procedures and test equipment


Test specifications (optional units)

The underpinning knowledge requirements for EACH of the five optional units, units5-9, will be assessed by a structured answer paper, externally set and marked by City & Guilds.

Component/Paper 315: Microprocessors and micro-controllers

Unit 5


No of


5 1 demonstrate an understanding of basic micro-controller 3systems

2 demonstrate an understanding of basic input/output 2devices

3 demonstrate an understanding of data storage modules 24 demonstrate an understanding of fault finding 1

procedures5 demonstrate an understanding of programming and 2

programming environments for micro-controllers

Component/Paper 316: Consumer electronics (Television systems)

Unit 6


No of


6 1 demonstrate an understanding of technology employed 5in home entertainment equipment

2 demonstrate an understanding of analogue and 5digital broadcast television reception technology


Component/Paper 317: Consumer electronics (Video and audio systems)

Unit 7


No of


7 1 demonstrate an understanding of the technology 4employed in home entertainment equipment

2 demonstrate an understanding of analogue and 3digital magnetic video recording

3 demonstrate an understanding of home 3entertainment equipment

Component/Paper 318: Commercial electronics

Unit 8


No of


8 1 demonstrate an understanding of power electronics 22 demonstrate an understanding of process control 3

and transducers3 demonstrate and understanding of drive systems 34 demonstrate an understanding of industrial automation 2

Component/Paper 319: PC based systems


No of


9 1 demonstrate an understanding of personal 4computer hardware

2 demonstrate an understanding of personal 2computer software

3 demonstrate an understanding of personal computer 2fault diagnosis and repair

4 demonstrate an understanding of personal computer 2communications and networking


Assignment specifications

Core units

Unit – Activity Indicative time

assignment/component

Unit 1 6958-03-301 1.1 Filters 1 hour 45 minutes

1.2 BJT and FET testing 45 minutes

Unit 2 6958-03-302 2.1a SMT – component recognition & testing 45 minutes

2.1b SMT – measurements & board rework 1 hour 15 minutes

2.2 Safety testing 1 hour

Unit 3 6958-03-303 3.1 Switch mode power supply – faultfinding 1 hour

3.2 Three-stage amplifier – faultfinding 1 hour

Unit 4 6958-03-304 4.1 BCD encoder – faultfinding 1 hour

4.2 Frequency counter – faultfinding 1 hour


Optional units

Unit- Activity Indicative time

assignment/component

Unit 5 6958-03-305 5.1 Microprocessor – faultfinding 1 hour 30 minutes

5.2 Micro-controller – programming 1 hour

Unit 6 6958-03-306 6.1 TV measurements & component 45 minutesidentification

6.2 Television – faultfinding 1 hour

6.3 Customer care* No fixed time

Unit 7 6958-03-307 7.1 Audio/video systems measurements & 45 minutescomponent identification

7.2 Audio/video systems – faultfinding 1 hour


Unit 8 6958-03-308 8.1 Thyristor test 1 hour 30 minutes

8.2 Speed controller – faultfinding 1 hour

8.3 PLC programming 1 hour 15 minutes


Unit 9 6958-03-309 9.1 Set-up & commission a PC 1 hourbased system

9.2 PC – faultfinding 1 hour


* Candidates need only complete the Customer Care activity ONCE, even if the activity appears in both the optional Units attempted by the candidate.


Relationship to NVQ

Progression Award: Electrical and Electronics Servicing Level 3

Element of NVQ (2248) Electrical

and Electronics Servicing for which

Knowledge and Understanding

Unit Outcome is covered

1 Electronic principles

1 demonstrate an understanding of reactance, 5.1, 8.1resonance and transformers and the practicalapplications of these components and circuits

2 demonstrate an understanding of 5.1, 8.1semi-conductor devices, displays and transducers, and the practical applications of these components.

2 Test and measurement

1 demonstrate an understanding of analogue and 3.1, 5.1, 10.1, 10.2 digital meters across all outcomes

2 demonstrate an understanding of oscilloscopes and their uses

3 demonstrate an understanding of test and measurement instruments for components and signals

4 demonstrate an understanding of the role of the PC in test and measurement

5 demonstrate an understanding of equipment reliability and surface mount repair

6 demonstrate an understanding of safety testing and electromagnetic compatibility.

3 Analogue electronics

1 demonstrate an understanding of d.c. power 3.1supplies, to component level

2 demonstrate an understanding of low frequency 5.1amplifiers, power amplifiers and operational amplifiers, to component level

3 demonstrate an understanding of oscillators, 8.1, 8.2multivibrators and waveform generators


4 Digital electronics

1 demonstrate an understanding of logic families 3.1, 5.1, 8.1, 8.2 and the terms used in their specification across all outcomes

2 demonstrate an understanding of time divisionmultiplex (TDM)

3 demonstrate an understanding of sequential 3.1, 5.1, 8.1, 8.2logic across all outcomes

4 demonstrate an appreciation of common fault types and an understanding of fault-finding procedures and test equipment

5 Microprocessors and micro-controllers

1 demonstrate an understanding of basic 3.1, 5.1, 8.1, 8.2 microprocessor and micro-controller across all outcomessystems

2 demonstrate an understanding of basic input/output devices

3 demonstrate an understanding of data storage models

4 demonstrate an understanding of fault finding procedures

5 demonstrate an understanding of programming and programming environments for micro-controllers

6 demonstrate an understanding of basic customer care and apply this knowledge in a practical situation

6 Consumer electronics (Television systems)

1 demonstrate an understanding of the technology 3.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 8.1, 8.2, 10.1, 10.2,employed in home entertainment equipment 10.3, 11.1, 11.2, 21.1, 22.1, 22.2

2 demonstrate an understanding of analogue and across outcomes 1 and 2

digital broadcast television reception technology

3 demonstrate an understanding of basic customer 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 21.1, 22.1, 22.2care and apply this knowledge in a practical situation


7 Consumer electronics (Video and audio systems)

1 demonstrate an understanding of the technology 3.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 8.1, 8.2, 10.1, 10.2,employed in home entertainment equipment 10.3, 11.1, 11.2, 21.1, 22.1, 22.2

2 demonstrate an understanding of analogue and across outcomes 1 and 2

digital magnetic video recording


8 Commercial electronics

1 demonstrate an understanding of power 3.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 8.1, 8.2, 10.1, 10.2,electronics 10.3, 11.1, 11.2, 21.1, 22.1, 22.2

2 demonstrate an understanding of process control across outcomes 1, 2, 3 and 4

and transducers

3 demonstrate an understanding of drive systems

4 demonstrate an understanding of industrial automation


9 PC based systems

1 demonstrate an understanding of personal 3.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 8.1, 8.2, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3,computer hardware 11.1, 11.2, 21.1, 22.1, 22.2

2 demonstrate an understanding of personal across outcomes 1, 2, 3 and 4computer software

3 demonstrate an understanding of personal computer fault diagnosis and repair

4 demonstrate an understanding of personal 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 21.1, 22.1, 22.2computer communications and networking

5 demonstrate an understanding of basic customer care and apply this knowledge in a practical situation


Identification of Key Skills summary relationship table

Unit No and Title Commu- Application Information Working Improving Problemnication of Number Technology with Own Solving

others LearningandPerformance

1. Electronic N2.2principles2. Test andmeasurement3. Analogue N2.2electronics4. Digitalelectronics5. Microproces-sors and micro-controllers6. Consumer N1.1electronics (TVsystems)7. Consumer electronics (Video and audio systems8. Commercialelectronics9. PC based IT1.1systems


Rationale

This unit concerns the electronic principles and applications associated withreactance, resonance, transformers, transducers and semi-conductor devices.

There are 2 performance outcomes for this unit. The candidate will be able to:1 demonstrate an understanding of reactance, resonance and transformers and the

practical applications of these components and circuits2 demonstrate an understanding of semi-conductor devices, displays and

transducers and the practical applications of these components.

Connection with other awards

This unit is designed to provide the underpinning knowledge for units 5 and 8 of theNVQ in Electrical and Electronics Servicing Level 3 (City & Guilds scheme 2248).

Assessment

The outcome of this unit will be assessed using evidence from:

Practical activities

These are listed, where appropriate, for each outcome. The assessment will be bymeans of a set assignment for the unit.

Written questions

The underpinning knowledge requirements are listed for each outcome. These willbe assessed by a multiple-choice test based on a test specification included in this scheme.

N.B. For this unit, in all practical and theoretical exercises, standard value

components should be used.

Unit 1Electronic principles


Outcome 1

Demonstrate an understanding of reactance, resonance, transformers and powertransfer and the practical applications of these components and circuits


The candidate will be able to:1 use electronic instruments to carry out practical tests2 test transformers in both static and dynamic states.

Underpinning knowledge

The candidate will be able to:1 a calculate inductive and capacitive reactance

b identify reactance graphsc calculate the impedance, phase angle and voltages in an RLC series circuit, and

draw appropriate phasor diagramsd sketch the variation of reactance with frequency for LR and CR circuits and

identify 3dB points fori high pass filterii low pass filteriii band pass filteriv band stop filter

e state the effect of component values on the current in series and parallel a.c. circuits

f plot current against frequency for LR and CR circuits

2 a explain the condition of resonance for series and parallel circuits by referenceto phasors

b calculate frequency of resonance for series and parallel a.c. circuitsc identify typical resonance curves and state the effect of damping, Q and

bandwidth

3 a compare the construction of transformers for typical applicationsi a.f.ii r.f.iii power, including switch mode power

b state the transformation ratio and the need for tappingsc calculate current, voltage, VA, impedance and turns ratio, on an ideal

transformerd identify specifications for a range of transformerse explain how magnetic and electrostatic shielding is providedf identify transformer thermal protective devices

4 explain maximum power transfer for a resistive load.



Outcome 2

Demonstrate an understanding of semi-conductor devices, displays and transducersand the practical applications of these components

Practical activity

The candidate will be able to:1 use electronic instruments to carry out practical tests.


The candidate will be able to:1 a list the relative merits of silicon and germanium diodes and transistors

b explain the operation, typical application and fault identification of i bi-polar junction transistorsii field effect transistorsiii laser diodesiv silicon controlled rectifiers (SCR)v solid state relaysvi diacsvii triacs

2 a describe typical operating principles for i vacuum fluorescent displaysii gas plasma displays

3 a describe the operating conditions and typical application ofi photocellsii photodiodesiii phototransistorsiv optocouplersv infra-red sources and sensorsvi the fibre optic linkvii solid state temperature measurement devicesviii Hall effect devices

4 explain the safe discharge of devices.



Rationale

This unit concerns the operating principles of electronic instruments, techniques ofmeasurement, aspects of reliability and SMT.There are 6 performance outcomes for this unit. The candidate will be able to:1 demonstrate an understanding of analogue and digital meters2 demonstrate an understanding of oscilloscopes and their uses 3 demonstrate an understanding of test and measurement instruments for

components and signals4 demonstrate an understanding of the role of the PC in test and measurement 5 demonstrate an understanding of equipment reliability and surface mount repair6 demonstrate an understanding of safety testing and electromagnetic

compatibility.


This unit is designed to provide the underpinning knowledge for units 3, 5 and 10 ofthe NVQ in Electrical and Electronics Servicing Level 3 (City & Guilds scheme 2248).

Assessment




Written questions

The underpinning knowledge requirements are listed for each outcome. These willbe assessed by a multiple-choice test based on a test specification included in this scheme.

Unit 2Test and measurement


Outcome 1

Demonstrate an understanding of analogue and digital meters


The candidate will be able to:1 select suitable shunts and multipliers to extend the range of analogue and digital

panel meters2 use a digital multimeter for measurement of current, voltage and resistance.


The candidate will be able to:

1 a define accuracy, resolution and linearityb state calibration requirementsb describe analogue and digital panel metersd explain shunts and multipliers for analogue and digital instrumentse specify adaptation of panel meters for a.c., including the use of a current

transformer

2 a explain analogue and digital multimetersi circuit features for switched rangesii block diagramsiii frequency limitations

b define multimeter facilitiesi auto rangeii capture of readingsiii peak readingsiv clamp current adaptor for a.c.v overload protectionvi RS232 data transfer

c describei the concept of true rmsii how rms value varies with waveshapeiii input impedanceiv instrument loading

3 a explain:i the advantages of logarithmic units when dealing with large ranges of

numbersii logarithmic frequency scalesiii the definition of Bel, decibel and dBm

4 a describe the need for and the function of instrument busesi I EEE488ii RS 232.



Outcome 2

Demonstrate an understanding of oscilloscopes and their uses


The candidate will be able to:1 use an analogue oscilloscope in different modes2 use a digital real time oscilloscope3 use a digital storage oscilloscope.


The candidate will be able to:1 a describe the use and function of an analogue oscilloscope

i its circuit featuresii distinguish between dual trace and dual beam operation

b describe the use of oscilloscope featuresi a.c./d.c. couplingii triggering employed by a general purpose oscilloscopeiii input impedanceiv high impedance probesv frequency responsevi phase measurementvii internal calibration facilities

2 a describe the use and function of a digital oscilloscope with respect toi real timeii digital storage

3 state the benefits and limitations of analogue and digital oscilloscopes.



Outcome 3

Demonstrate an understanding of test and measurement instruments forcomponents and signals


The candidate will be able to:1 use electronic instruments for component testing2 use electronic instruments to make measurements on a prepared circuit3 use electronic instruments as signal sources for prepared circuits4 make dB measurements using an intelligent digital multimeter.


The candidate will be able to:1 a describe

i BJT and FET testing using analogue and digital multimetersii transistor testingiii component testing for L, C and Riv the bridge concept

2 a interpret block diagrams and recognise circuit features of ai digital counter/timerii frequency counteriii l.f. signal generatoriv function generator with sweep facilityv pulse generator

3 a explain measurement ofi power gain or loss in dBii voltage and current gain or loss in dBiii the signal to noise ratio in dB.



Outcome 4

Demonstrate an understanding of the role of the PC in test and measurement


The candidate will be able to:1 use a PC to access technical information from several sources2 use PC-based virtual instruments to make measurements on a prepared circuit.


The candidate will be able to:1 a explain the use of a PC in a servicing environment to provide

i diagnostic informationii technical information from CD ROMSiii data from websites

2 a describe the use and function of a PC to provide virtual instrumentation as ai digital multimeterii oscilloscopeiii spectrum analyser.



Outcome 5

Demonstrate an understanding of equipment reliability and surface mount repair


The candidate will be able to:1 specify a soak test rack for electronic instruments2 use anti-static measures when dismantling equipment3 undertake the construction and repair of a simple surface mount assembly.


The candidate will be able to:1 a define reliability

b state the importance of high reliability in systemsc describe the reliability bathtub diagramd explain methods for soak testing electronic equipment after assembly

and repaire describe the effect on reliability of

i de-rating componentsii ambient temperature and humidity

f state the importance of reporting failures

2 describe anti-static handling and precautions

3 a explain how surface mount technology is used to construct electronic circuitson printed circuit boardsi use of adhesives for placementii use of solder creamsiii advantages of SMT

b describe surface mount passive component packagesi resistors (tolerance and power rating)ii capacitors (values tolerances and working voltages)ii inductors (values and tolerances)iv transformers (frequency range)

c describe surface mount active device packagesi discrete semiconductor SOT packagesii SO packages (also used for passive networks)iii SOL packagesiv plastic quad flat packages

d describe repair techniques for SMT usingi soldering ironii hot air system.



Outcome 6

Demonstrate an understanding of safety testing and electromagnetic compatibility


The candidate will be able to:1 use instruments to measure earth loop impedance and mains polarity2 use instruments to measure protective conductor resistance (earth bond test)3 use instruments to measure insulation resistance.


The candidate will be able to:1 a explain the following in the context of PAT testing

i the difference between insulation Classes 1 and 2ii Class 1 and 2 insulation resistance testingiii protective conductor resistance (earth bond test)iv earth loop impedance and mains polarityv legal requirementsvi CE marking

b explain in an emc context the importance ofi lead dressingii mains plug filtersiii shielding equipmentiv mains connectors

c describe the low voltage directive LVD EN 600065 EN 60950

2 a state the importance of COSHH information fori contact cleanersii solvent cleanersiii adhesivesiv sealants.



Rationale

This unit concerns d.c. power supply units, amplifiers and oscillators; alsofaultfinding techniques on these circuits to component level.

There are 3 performance outcomes for this unit. The candidate will be able to:1 demonstrate an understanding of d.c. power supplies, to component level2 demonstrate an understanding of low frequency amplifiers, power amplifiers

and operational amplifiers, to component level3 demonstrate an understanding of oscillators, multivibrators and waveform

generator circuits, to component level.


This unit is designed to provide the underpinning knowledge for units 3, 5, and 8 ofthe NVQ in Electrical and Electronics Servicing Level 3 (City & Guilds scheme 2248).

Assessment




Written questions

The underpinning knowledge requirements are listed for each outcome. These will be assessed by a multiple-choice test based on a test specification included inthis scheme.

N.B. For this unit, in all practical and theoretical exercises, standard values

should be used.

Unit 3Analogue electronics


Outcome 1

Demonstrate an understanding of power supplies, to component level


The candidate will be able to:1 use electronic instruments to test electronic circuit functions2 fault find to component level.


The candidate will be able to:1 a select appropriate d.c. power supplies for a given application

b explain the operation of series and shunt regulator circuitsc explain the use of feedback and reference levels, to provide stabilisation due to

circuit load changesd explain the operation of a voltage doubler circuit

2 a outline the principles of switch mode power supplies (SMPS)b state the advantages and disadvantages of SMPS over conventional voltage

and current regulatorsc describe the operation from a block diagram for

i power switchingii chopper controliii start-upiv feedbackv over-voltage and over-current protectionvi d.c. outputs

d state expected waveforms and voltages at relevant points on a circuit diagrame state, with reasons, the expected changes in waveforms and voltages for given

fault conditionsf describe typical symptoms for given fault conditionsg describe methods of applying a dummy load to SMPS outputh describe typical adjustment proceduresi explain the principles of inverter power suppliesj explain the principles of voltage polarity invertersk explain the principles of dc-dc converters

3 a describe the principles of voltage control by controlled rectificationb describe a.c. pulsed gating signals applied to a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)c describe applications of controlled rectification feeding a resistive load

4 a explain the importance of safety-critical componentsb explain the need for radio frequency suppression in power suppliesc explain the need for transient suppression in power supplies.



Outcome 2

Demonstrate an understanding of amplifiers, to component level and apply thisknowledge safely in a practical situation


The candidate will be able to:1 use electronic instruments to test electronic circuit functions2 fault find to component level


The candidate will be able to:1 a describe the operation of single and multi-stage transistor voltage amplifiers

b use frequency response plots to determine bandwidth for voltage amplifiersc state typical values of componentsd explain the effect of varying the collector load resistor on a transistor voltage

amplifiere describe from the output characteristics how distortion is producedf identify characteristics of amplifier Class A, AB, B, C operationg explain the effects of

i d.c. negative feedbackii a.c. negative feedback

2 a explain the need for power amplifiersb describe the operation of bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and MOSFET

amplifiersc describe the operation of transformer-less push-pull amplifiersd explain why a.c. and/or d.c. feedback may be employed in power amplifierse state the input and output requirements of an IC power amplifier

3 a describe the operation of operational amplifiersb state the requirements of an ideal operational amplifierc describe the existence of a ‘virtual earth’ at the input when feedback is appliedd explain the terms ‘drift’ and ‘offset’e identify the following operational amplifier circuits and state a simple

application ofi an inverting amplifierii a non-inverting amplifieriii integratoriv differentiatorv differential amplifiervi comparatorvii Schmitt triggerviii high pass and low pass active filters

f calculate the gain and time constant, where applicable, for the circuits in 3e) above.



Outcome 3

Demonstrate an understanding of oscillators, multivibrators and waveformgenerator circuits, to component level


The candidate will be able to:1 use electronic instruments to test electronic circuit functions2 fault find to component level.


The candidate will be able to:1 a state the effects of positive feedback on amplifier gain and stability

b state the conditions for oscillation

2 a describe the operation of the following oscillators usingi crystalii ceramic resonatoriii oscillator with divider chainiv Wien bridge networkv LC network

b draw typical time related waveforms for the above circuits

3 a identify the components responsible for timing control in a 555 timer operating asi astableii monostable

b show how the basic astable circuit can be modified to produce a sawtooth waveform

4 describe the operation of a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and its applicationin a phase locked loop (PLL) using a block diagram.



Rationale

This unit concerns the characteristics of logic families and their use in sequentiallogic circuits and faultfinding on prepared circuit boards.

There are 4 performance outcomes for this unit. The candidate will be able to:1 demonstrate an understanding of logic families and the terms used in

their specifications2 demonstrate an understanding of time division multiplex (TDM)3 demonstrate an understanding of sequential logic4 demonstrate an appreciation of common fault types and an understanding of

fault-finding procedures and test equipment.


This unit is designed to provide the underpinning knowledge for units 3, 5 and 8 ofthe NVQ in Electrical and Electronics Servicing Level 3 (City & Guilds scheme 2248).

Assessment




Written questions

The underpinning knowledge requirements are listed for each outcome. These willbe assessed by a multiple-choice test based on a test specification included in thisscheme.

Unit 4Digital electronics


Outcome 1

Demonstrate an understanding of logic families and the terms used in their specifications


The candidate will be able to:1 use a slowly changing voltage applied to a device in a number of different families

to determine the threshold levels2 investigate the result of leaving inputs floating by deducing the value from the

gate output voltage3 connect a gate to a variety of loads and drive a gate from a variety of input

sources.


The candidate will be able to:1 a identify the main characteristics of digital logic devices that aid selection

i device numberingii packaging SIL, DIL, surface mountiii pin numberingiv open collector

2 a describe the meaning and significance of the following termsi supply voltagesii supply currentiii high level input voltageiv low level input voltagev noise marginvi input current (logic high and low)vii output currentviii rise and fall timeix propagation delayx power dissipationxi absolute maximum ratingsxii fan-out

3 a identify the main characteristics of the logic families, to include benefits andlimitations of thei 4000 seriesii 74LS seriesiii 74HC seriesiv 74HCT seriesv 74AHC series.



Outcome 2

Demonstrate an understanding of time division multiplex (TDM)


The candidate will be able to:1 connect two digital circuits via a fibre optic link2 use time division multiplexing to transmit a number of separate transmissions

through a single transmission path3 use logic tutors to investigate the operation and confirm data sheet information

for each circuit.


The candidate will be able to:1 a identify the requirements of a communication link using time division

multiplexing (TDM)i sampling and choice of sampling rateii multiplexing and demultiplexingiii transmission of data by copper cable and fibre-optic cable

2 a state the purpose of encoding data transmissions and recognise the formsi RZii Manchesteriii Gray codeiv Binary Coded Decimal

3 a identify employment of parity bits in a transmission system includingi advantages and disadvantagesii odd and even parity using either data value of 0 or 1

b define the requirement for error detection and correction in digital transmission systems.



Outcome 3

Demonstrate an understanding of sequential logic


The candidate will be able to:1 assemble and test circuits using JK and D-type bistable integrated circuits2 assemble and test shift registers using integrated circuits such as the 74XX1943 assemble and test synchronous and asynchronous modulo-n counters using

integrated circuits 74XX74, 74XX112, 74XX193 and 74XX3904 use a counter to determine the degree of switch bounce occurring in a variety of

toggle switches.


The candidate will be able to:1 a define the circuit and waveforms associated with

i JK bistableii D-type bistableiii Master-slave JK bistable

b explain ways of connecting bistables to provide modulo-n dividers, andup/down counters

2 a describe synchronous and asynchronous integrated countersi decade countersii modulo-n counters and dividers

b define the associated timing diagrams and waveforms

3 a explain the circuit of a i ring counterii twisted ringiii shift register, using a universal shift register

b determine the associated timing diagrams and waveforms

4 measure the degree of contact bounce for mechanically operated switches and relays.



Outcome 4

Demonstrate an appreciation of common fault types and an understanding of fault-finding procedures and test equipment


The candidate will be able to:1 use suitable test equipment to locate faults in digital interfacing circuits involving

remote controls, A/D and D/A conversion and seven segment displays2 use suitable test equipment to locate faults in synchronous and asynchronous

counters, shift registers and bistable circuits3 use suitable test equipment to locate faults in systems involving combinational

logic circuits.


The candidate will be able to:1 a determine the common causes of operational failure in integrated circuits

due toi incorrect insertion into socketsii shorting of pins during measurementsiii poor soldering techniquesiv insertion and removal with power supplies connectedv incorrect voltagesvi input pins left disconnectedvii electrostatic discharge

b identify methods used to prevent damage due to electrostatic dischargei correct storage of ICsii correct choice of floor coverings, clothing and worksurfaceiii correct use of wrist straps, heel straps and conductive matting

2 a explain the use and limitations of the following items of test equipmenti multimeterii logic probe and logic clipiii logic pulseriv logic analyserv current tracervi signature analyser

3 a describe faultfinding techniques fori recording results of applied testsii simple checks on plugs, connectors and power suppliesiii one change at a timeiv half-split methodv input to output and output to input methods.



Rationale

This unit concerns the technology of microprocessors and micro-controllers.

There are 6 performance outcomes for this unit. The candidate will be able to1 demonstrate an understanding of basic microprocessor and micro-controller

systems2 demonstrate an understanding of basic input/output devices3 demonstrate an understanding of data storage modules4 demonstrate an understanding of fault finding procedures5 demonstrate an understanding of programming and programming environments

for micro-controllers6 demonstrate an understanding of basic customer care and apply this knowledge

in a practical situation.


This unit is designed to provide the underpinning knowledge for units 1, 3, 5, 8, 10,11, 21 and 22 of the NVQ in Electrical and Electronics Servicing Level 3 (City & Guildsscheme 2248).

Assessment




Written questions

The underpinning knowledge requirements are listed for each outcome. These willbe assessed by a structured answer test covering the six outcomes.

Unit 5Microprocessors and micro-controllers


Outcome 1

Demonstrate an understanding of basic microprocessor and microcontrollersystems and software


The candidate will be able to:1 a explain the meaning of the following terms

i bitii nibbleiii byteiv wordv instructionvi operatorvi operandvii busix datax addressxi control

2 a explain the function of the following sub-systems within a microcomputer systemi CPUii RAMiii ROMiv input/output circuitryv clockvi reset circuitry

3 a State the need for a bus structure and describei control busii address busiii data busiv three-state devices

b describe the operation and limitations of the bus structurec explain the operation of a ‘fetch execute’ cycle



4 a name the main sections and describe their functions within a microprocessori arithmetic logic unit, including the main working registerii control unitiii data registersiv instruction decoderv program countervi multiplexervii input and output

b describe the differences between microprocessors in terms of i basic architectureii number of address and data linesiii speed of operationiv number and function of registersv packaging

5 a describe typical categories of assembler instructions for a microprocessori arithmetic and logicii data transferiii test and branch

b explain the concept of interrupts and their handling.



Outcome 2

Demonstrate an understanding of basic input/output devices


The candidate will be able to:1 connect and program a microprocessor system to accept data from a range of

input devices2 connect and program a microprocessor system to output data to a range of

devices.


The candidate will be able to:1 a describe the methods of interfacing with the following

i switchesii opto transducers and opto couplersiii relays and solid state switchesiv light emitting diodes (LED)v piezo and electromagnetic soundersvi keypads

b state the function and operation of the following circuit sub-systemsi A/D convertersii D/A convertersiii PlO/PIA devicesiv UART devicesv serial port driversvi LCD/LED displays and driversvii high current driversviii real time clocks

2 a explain the protocols for and operation of data communications systemsi serial data transferii RS232iii lnter-IC serial buses

b define parallel data transfer.



Outcome 3

Demonstrate an understanding of data storage devices

Practical activity

The candidate will be able to:1 program and check read an EPROM memory chip with supplied code.


The candidate will be able to:2 a explain the need for various types of storage facility in

microcomputer/microprocessor based systemsb describe the basic construction and characteristics of the following

storage devicesi hard disk with voice coil actuationii floppy disk

c describe and compare the characteristics of the following memory devicesi RAMii ROMiii PROMiv EPROMv EAROMvi EEPROMvii serially addressed memory devices.



Outcome 4

Demonstrate an understanding of fault finding procedures

Practical activity

The candidate will be able to:1 diagnose a series of faults in a microprocessor system, using a range of

test equipment.


1 a describe the diagnosis and rectification of common hardware faults in amicroprocessor system

b describe the function of equipment used for fault finding on a microprocessorbased system, to includei logic probeii logic pulseriii logic clipiv oscilloscopev breakout box for serial systemsvi logic analyser.



Outcome 5

Demonstrate an understanding of programming and programming environments formicro-controllers


The candidate will be able to:1 use a given programming environment to program, a micro-controller to perform

a specified task2 use a simple program to control the operation of the I/O ports on a

micro-controller3 download the program to the micro-controller, within a target system,

and determine the correct operation of the system4 use in-built features of the programming environment to find and remove

faults in the source code.


The candidate will be able to:1 a describe the micro-controller as an integrated microprocessor system,

optimised for real time applicationsb describe the function of the various parts of a micro-controller including the

need fori watchdog timersii brownout protection

c describe the operation of a typical micro-controller within a given system

2 a describe the concept of a programming environment based on a host PC.



Outcome 6

Demonstrate an understanding of basic customer care and apply this knowledge in apractical situation

Practical activity

The candidate will be able to:1 process documentation used in conjunction with servicing electrical and

electronic equipment.


The candidate will be able to:1 explain the importance of the customer’s name, correctly spelt and with the

correct form of address eg, Mr, Mrs, Miss, Ms)

2 a state procedures to be followed when responding to a service requesti obtaining symptoms from the customerii making a recordiii importance of informative quotations provided promptlyiv obtaining agreement to proceed with a repair or installationv presenting acceptance documentation

b state procedures to be followed when carrying out a servicei respect for customers’ possessions and propertyii keeping customer informed of progressiii damage caused by misuse and attempts at repair by othersiv reporting unsafe situations

c state procedures to be followed when completing a servicei issuing informative invoices with terms of business explainedii methods for recording and responding to promises or proposals made

to customersiii obligations under the terms of warrantiesiv warranty on repairsv guaranteesvi service agreements

3 a explain how to deal with differences of opinion or a difficult relationship with a customeri expression of concern as a first response to complaintsii the negative outcome(s) of customer dissatisfactioniii extent of own authority in dealing with complaintsiv when to seek assistance from others



4 a describe telephone techniquei avoiding over familiarityii speaking to the right personiii leaving messagesiv follow-up

b explain how to match communication to the customer’s ability to understandi technical aspects of servicing and installationii selective use of technical jargoniii customers with Particular Requirementsiv calling for assistance where communication difficulties arise

c state the value of questionnaires for seeking feedback and revealing unsatisfied needs.



Rationale

This unit concerns the technology of television home entertainment equipment,including engineer adjustments and fault location to component level.

There are 3 performance outcomes for this unit. The candidate will be able to1 demonstrate an understanding of the technology employed in home

entertainment equipment2 demonstrate an understanding of analogue and digital broadcast television

reception technology3 demonstrate an understanding of basic customer care and apply this knowledge


Connections with other awards


Assessment

The outcomes of this unit will be assessed using evidence from:



Written questions

The underpinning knowledge requirements are listed for each outcome. These willbe assessed by a structured answer test covering the three outcomes.

Unit 6Consumer electronics (Television systems)


Outcome 1

Demonstrate an understanding of the technology employed in home entertainmentequipment


The candidate will be able to:1 use test equipment to take measurements and perform adjustments in the listed

circuits2 car out fault location and repair to component level ie electronic tuning, television

r.f. and i.f. stages.


The candidate will be able to:1 a describe, with reference to circuit diagrams used in broadcast radio, TV and

satellite receivers, thei synthesised varicap tuning techniquesii analogue and digital receiver vision and sound i.f. stagesiii analogue receiver demodulator stages

b state expected waveforms and voltages at relevant points on a circuit diagramc state, with reasons, the expected changes in signals and voltages for typical

fault conditionsd describe typical symptoms for given fault conditions

2 a define the principles of signal digitisationb describe A/D and D/A conversion

i samplingii quantisation

c state the meaning of the term ‘oversampling’d state the need for digital signal compressione describe in simple terms, with respect to MPEG2 video

i redundancyii predictioniii compression ratio

3 a explain, with the aid of circuit diagrams, the operation of infra-red remotecontrol receivers

b explain, with the aid of circuit diagrams, the function of the CPU in a television receiver

c state expected waveforms and voltages at relevant points on a circuit diagramd state, with reasons, the expected changes in waveforms and voltages for

typical fault conditionse describe typical symptoms for given fault conditions.



Outcome 2

Demonstrate an understanding of analogue and digital broadcast televisionreception technology


The candidate will be able to:1 use test equipment to take measurements and perform adjustments in television

signal receiving equipment2 carry out fault location and repair to component level in television receiving

equipment3 use data sources to identify order codes and prices for components.


The candidate will be able to:1 a state parameters for UHF transmission

i extent of bands IV and Vii channel bandwidth and spacingiii relationship between analogue vision, chroma, intercarrier sound and

NICAM sound carriersb describe digital terrestrial transmission channel bandwidth optionsc describe typical i.f. responses for digital broadcast receiversd relate timebase frequencies, picture aspect ratio and video signal bandwidthe define horizontal picture resolution in terms of Television lines (TVL)

2 a state the function of signal components in the PAL systemi luminance signalii suppressed subcarrieriii U and V signalsiv colour burst

b describe signal waveforms in a PAL system including colour bar displayi luminanceii chrominanceiii composite videoiv RGB

c describe, in simple terms, the principles of the PALpIus systemi 430 active line pictureii vertical helper informationiii widescreen signalling (WSS) dataiv data transmission during 144 line blanking periodv picture correction techniques for 16:9 and 4:3 displays



3 a identify, with the aid of a circuit diagram, analogue luminance stagesi delay lineii filtersiii customer controlsiv blanking

b identify, with the aid of a circuit diagram, chrominance stagesi chrominance take-off pointii crystal oscillatoriii U and V processingiv chroma delayv gating signalsvi customer controlsvii RGB matrix

c state expected signals and voltages in analogue, luminance and chrominance(Y and C) signal processing circuits

d state, with reasons, the expected changes in signals and voltages for typicalfault conditions

e describe typical symptoms for given fault conditions

4 a explain the principles of 100 Hz field rate receiversb identify the stages in 100 Hz receivers

i A/D and D/A convertersii Y and C processingiii memory storesiv processing controlv control clock(s)

c identify, with the aid of circuit diagrams, stages in digital terrestrial broadcastand satellite receiversi r.f. circuitsii A/D and D/A convertersiii demodulatoriv error correctionv de-multiplexingvi memory storesvii MPEG2 video and audioviii PAL encoderix picture processing controlx conditional access controlxi control clock(s)

d state expected signals and voltages in digital receiver signal processing circuitse state, with reasons, the expected changes in signals and voltages for typical

fault conditionsf describe typical symptoms for given fault conditions



5 a identify mono and stereo sound stagesi power outputii NICAM decoderiii surround sound systemsiv input/output connections

b state expected signals and voltages in broadcast receiver sound signalprocessing circuits

c state, with reasons, the expected changes in signals and voltages for typicalfault conditions

d describe typical symptoms for given fault conditions

6 a identify, with the aid of circuit diagrams,i RGB output circuit arrangementsii CRT bias circuitsiii automatic degaussing circuits

b describe auto and manual grey-scale circuit arrangementsc state expected signals and voltages in CRT drive circuitsd state, with reasons, the expected changes in signals and voltages for typical

fault conditionse describe typical symptoms for given fault conditions

7 a identify, with the aid of a circuit diagram, sync separator circuitsb identify, with the aid of a circuit diagram, field timebase circuits

i oscillatorii outputiii feedbackiv service controls

c identify, with the aid of a circuit diagram, line timebase circuitsi oscillator and driverii outputiii EHT and auxiliary supply generationiv service controls

d identify, with the aid of a circuit diagram, East-West modulator circuit arrangements

e state expected signals and voltages in time-base and East-West modulator circuits

f state, with reasons, the expected changes in signals and voltages for typical fault conditions

g describe typical symptoms for given fault conditions



8 a state the requirements of teletext reception with respect to signal strength andtuning accuracy

b identify, with the aid of circuit diagrams, teletext decoding circuitsi decoder ICii additional memoryiii RGB interface

c state expected signals and voltages in teletext decoder and interface circuitsd state, with reasons, the expected changes in signals and voltages for typical

fault conditionse describe typical symptoms for given fault conditions.



Outcome 3


Practical activity




The candidate will be able to:1 state the importance of using the customer’s name, correctly spelt and with the

correct form of address (Mr, Mrs, Miss, Ms)


b state procedures to be followed when carrying out a servicei respect for customer’s possessions and propertyii keeping customer informed of progressiii damage caused by misuse and attempts at repair by othersiv reporting unsafe situations

c state procedures to be followed when completing a servicei issuing informative invoices with terms of business explainedii methods for recording and responding to promises or proposals made

to customersiii obligations under the terms of warrantiesiv warranty on repairsv guaranteesvi service agreements




Rationale

This unit concerns the technology of audio and video home entertainmentequipment, including engineer adjustments and fault location to component level.

There are 4 performance outcomes. for this unit. The candidate will be able to1 demonstrate an understanding of the technology employed in home

entertainment equipment2 demonstrate an understanding of analogue and digital magnetic video recording3 demonstrate an understanding of home entertainment equipment4 demonstrate an understanding of basic customer care and apply this knowledge


Connections with other awards


Assessment

The outcomes of this unit will be assessed using evidence from:



Written questions

The underpinning knowledge requirements are listed for each outcome. These willbe assessed by a structured answer test covering the four outcomes.

Unit 7Consumer electronics (Video and audio systems)


Outcome 1

Demonstrate an understanding of the technology employed in home entertainmentequipment


The candidate will be able to:1 use test equipment to take measurements and perform adjustments in the listed

circuits2 carry out fault location to component level ie tape bias oscillator, VCR servo, infra-

red remote control receiver, system control.


The candidate will be able to:1 a outline the principles of magnetic recording

b describe the construction of recording and playback headsc state the effect of tape speed and head gap width on the upper and lower

cut-off frequenciesd state the octave bandwidthe state the need for a.c. bias during recordingf describe a.c. erasing

2 a define the principles of digitally controlled d.c. motor servo systemsb explain, with the use of block diagrams, the operation of digital closed-loop

servo systemsi sample signalii reference signaliii comparatoriv Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)v frequency to voltage convertersvi motor drive amplifier

c define the functions of speed and phase control servosd state typical sample and reference signal sources for the listed motor servos

i Compact Cassetteii VCR head drumiii VCR capstaniv VCR searchv CD disc rotation

e describe typical motor typesi d.c. brushii d.c. brush with integral servoiii Hall effect commutation

f state, with reasons, the expected changes in waveforms and voltages fortypical fault conditions

g describe typical symptoms for given fault conditionsh describe typical adjustment procedures



3 a explain, with the aid of circuit diagrams, the function of the CPU ini a VCRii home audio equipment

b state expected waveforms and voltages at relevant points on a circuit diagramc state, with reasons, the expected changes in waveforms and voltages for

typical fault conditionsd describe typical symptoms for given fault conditions.



Outcome 2

Demonstrate an understanding of analogue and digital magnetic video recording


The candidate will be able to:1 use prescribed test equipment to take measurements and perform

adjustments in magnetic video recording equipment2 carry out fault location to component level on magnetic video

recording equipment3 use data sources to identify the order codes and prices of replacement

components4 realign timing gear trains5 perform typical service, maintenance and adjustment procedures6 perform typical adjustment procedures.


The candidate will be able to:1 a explain, in simple terms, the need for

i helical scanningii multiple headsiii FM carrier recordingiv colour-under

b identify frequency spectra for the listed formatsi VHS, S-VHS, 8mm, Hi-8, Digital Video Cassette (DVC)

c compare the relative performance of each of the formats listed in 1.bi. aboved identify the track layout for each of the formats listed in 1.bi. above

2 a identify cassette typesi VHS, VHS-C, 8mm, DVC, Mini DVii cassette adapters, dual size cassette lift

b identify operating modesi stopii half lacediii playiv searchv pausevi fast windvii rewindviiiunlacingix eject



3 a identify and state the function of sensorsi record inhibitii cassette typeiii cassette loadediv startv endvi dewvii spool rotationviii drum rotationix tape slack

b describe the effects on the replayed signal of changes in tape transport speedi search, slow motion, long play, pause

4 a identify the following mechanical arrangementsi cassette lift driveii 180° and 270° lacingiii M and C wrap formatsiv mechanism position sensors

b describe typical symptoms for given fault conditions

5 a identify the function of the listed itemsi back tension assemblyii fixed tape guidesiii tape guide rollersiv slant polesv upper (video head) drum assemblyvi lower (video head) drum assemblyvii impedance rollersvii capstanix pinch rollerx tape tension arms

b identify and state the function of head assembliesi 2 and 4 video head drum assembliesii fixed and flying erase headsiii fixed and flying audio headsiv control track heads

c state, with reasons, the expected changes in signals for typical fault conditionsin tape path components

d describe typical symptoms for given fault conditions



6 a explain the operation of mechanical tape transport componentsb identify the function of the listed items

i spool carriersii clutchesiii idler wheelsiv motors

c describe typical symptoms for given fault conditions in tape transportcomponents

7 a describe, in simple terms, tracking systemsi use of a Control Pulse (CTL) signalii use of pilot tones

b identify, with the aid of servo circuit diagrams, expected signals and voltagesc state, with reasons, the expected changes in signals and voltages for typical

fault conditions in tracking circuitsd describe typical symptoms for given fault conditions

8 a describe, with the aid of circuit diagrams, analogue and digital signalprocessingi luminance recording and replayii chrominance recording and replay

b identify, with the aid of circuit diagrams, expected signals and voltagesc state, with reasons, the expected changes in signals and voltages for typical

fault conditionsd describe typical symptoms for given fault conditions

9 a identify audio recording circuit arrangementsi VHS hi-fi sound (HD sound)ii 8mm digital soundiii DVC

b identify expected signals and voltages at relevant points on a VCR audioprocessing circuit diagram

c state, with reasons, the expected changes in signals and voltages for typicalfault conditions

d describe typical symptoms for given fault conditions.



Outcome 3

Demonstrate an understanding of home entertainment audio equipment


The candidate will be able to:1 use prescribed test equipment to take measurements and perform adjustments2 use fault location to component level in power amplifiers, stereo radio receivers,

compact cassette recording/replay machines, audio CD, Mini Disc, DVD3 use data sources to identify the order codes and prices of replacement

components4 perform typical adjustment procedures5 identify, on a cassette deck, the listed items

i spool carriers, clutches, idler wheels, motor(s), belts, pinch rollerii record inhibit, CrO2 cassette detection


The candidate will be able to:1 a state the meaning of the following terms, in relation to audio amplification

i crossover distortionii clippingiii signal-to-noise ratioiv Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)v output power

b describe the significance of input and output impedances and the need forimpedance matching

c describe the operation of signal processing circuits in audio power amplifiersi pre-amplifierii volume and balance controliii tone control and graphic equaliseriv power output indicator

d state the precautions to be observed when replacing power output ICs and transistors

e identify expected signals and voltages on a power amplifier circuit diagramf state, with reasons, the expected changes in signals and voltages for typical

fault conditionsg describe typical symptoms for given fault conditions



2 a describe, in simple terms, analogue stereo audio transmissioni L+R and L-R signalsii pilot toneiii pre-emphasis and de-emphasis

b state the function of the following circuitsi stereo decoder chip ICii Radio Data System (RDS) decoder IC

c state, with the aid of a circuit diagram, expected signals and voltagesd state, with reasons, the expected changes in signals and voltages for typical

fault conditions

3 a explain, with the aid of circuit diagrams, the function of Dolby B signalprocessing circuitsi pre-amplifiersii noise reductioniii equalisationiv Automatic Level Control (ALC)v signal level indication

b explain the function of Fe2O3/CrO2/Metal bias and equalisation switchingc identify expected signals and voltages at relevant points on a circuit diagramd state, with reasons, the expected changes in signals and voltages for typical

fault conditionse describe typical symptoms for given fault conditions

4 a sketch a simple block diagram of optical disc playersi audio Compact Discii DVDiii Mini Disc

b identify the function of each stage in audio Compact Disc, Digital Versatile Disc(DVD) and Mini Disc playersi optical pick-upii focus servoiii tracking servoiv disc servov signal decodingvi RAMvii D/A converterviii filter

c state expected signals and voltages at relevant points on a circuit diagramd state, with reasons, the expected changes in signals and voltages for typical

fault conditionse describe typical symptoms for typical fault conditions.



Outcome 4


Practical activity








c state procedures to be followed when completing a servicei issuing informative invoices with terms of business explainedii methods for recording and responding to promises or proposals made to

customersiii obligations under the terms of warrantiesiv warranty on repairv guaranteesvi service agreements




Rationale

This unit concerns the technology of Commercial electronics.

There are 5 performance outcomes for this unit. The candidate will be able to1 demonstrate an understanding of power electronics2 demonstrate an understanding of process control and transducers3 demonstrate an understanding of drive systems4 demonstrate an understanding of industrial automation5 demonstrate an understanding of basic customer care and apply this knowledge




Assessment




Written questions

The underpinning knowledge requirements are listed for each outcome. These willbe assessed by a structured answer test covering the five outcomes.

Unit 8Commercial electronics


Outcome 1

Demonstrate an understanding of power electronics


The candidate will be able to:1 identify and test a range of power electronic components2 use data sheets to explain the characteristics of power electronic components.


The candidate will be able to:1 a state that a local electricity sub-station transformer provides a three-phase four

wire supply of mains electricityb state that a single phase is used for domestic supply and three phases for most

industrial premisesc distinguish between line to line and phase voltagesd describe graphically the three-phase mains supplye explain how to wire mains plugs for three-phase equipmentf explain the difference between star and delta connections to a three-phase

supply

2 a explain why three-phase low voltage power supplies are used for outputsgreater than 2kW or for a low output ripple

b show how polyphase rectifier circuits are connected to a three-phase mainstransformer to producei half-wave rectificationii full-wave rectification (bridge rectifier)

c state the relationship between the a.c. input and d.c. output for b parts i and ii above

d sketch the output ripple for b parts i and ii above, to include ripple frequencye state the advantages of using a three-phase supply compared to a single-phase

supply, with reference to power supplies and motors

3 a explain the operation of the following heavy current components and give anexample of their applicationi capsule thyristorsii thyristor/diode modulesiii triacsiv capsule rectifier diodesv stud mounting rectifier diodesvi fast diode modulesvii insulated gate power FETviii Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs)ix Integrated Gate-Commutated Thyristors (IGCTs)



4 a list applications for the following low voltage modular heavy current powersuppliesi single-phase switched modeii three-phase switched mode

5 a explain the emergence of flexible a.c. transmission systems (FACTS) and identifythe need for Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS)

b describe, with the aid of a block diagram, the operation ofi an on-line UPSii an off-line UPS.



Outcome 2

Demonstrate an understanding of process control and transducers

Practical activity

The candidate will be able to:1 identify faults in process control systems.


The candidate will be able to:1 a list applications for the following types of control

i ON/OFF controlii proportional derivative (PD) controliii proportional integral derivative (PID) control

b with reference to control systems, explain the termsi critical dampingii stabilityiii proportional bandiv dead bandv transport lag

2 describe, with the aid of a block diagram, a micro-controller based linear control system

3 distinguish between transducers and sensors in parts 4 to 7, below, and thosewhich have analogue outputs, digital outputs or digitally encoded outputs

4 a describe, with the aid of a block diagram, the working principles of temperaturecontrol systems

b list the various transducers used in temperature sensing

5 a describe, with the aid of a block diagram, the techniques for measurement ofspeed usingi motion sensorsii rotary encoders

6 a describe, with the aid of a block diagram, the techniques for measurement ofposition usingi optical transducersii displacement sensors (Linear Variable Differential Transformer – LVDT)iii image sensorsiv proximity detectors



7 a explain, with the aid of a block diagram, the working principles of fluid controland gas flow control

b list transducers for both applications

8 explain how signal conditioners operate.



Outcome 3

Demonstrate an understanding of drive systems

Practical activity

The candidate will be able to:1 use instruments to measure torque/speed characteristics of drive systems.


The candidate will be able to:1 a state the applications, using diagrams, of d.c. motors using the following

methods of excitationi seriesii shuntiii split fieldiv permanent magnet

2 a state applications for the following types of a.c. motori capacitor start induction run single-phase motorii three phase induction motor with d.o.l. startingiii synchronous three-phase motor

3 a describe the operation of a.c. and d.c motor speed controller units

4 a select a.c. or d.c. motors which can be considered for applications where thefollowing is requiredi constant torqueii high speediii low speediv minimum maintenance

5 a outline the characteristics of thei permanent magnet stepper motorii variable reluctance stepper motoriii hybrid stepper motor

b identify, with the aid of a block diagram, the main components of stepper motordrive systems

c state the applications for a stepper motor.



Outcome 4

Demonstrate an understanding of industrial automation

Practical activity

The candidate will be able to:1 program a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) to perform a simple operation

in response to an input from a sensor.


The candidate will be able to:1 a describe, with the aid of a block diagram, the function of PLCs in

automated production

2 a describe the operation of a PLC as a systemb identify the inputs as

i instruction inputs from selector switches and keypadsii sensor inputs from limit switches, proximity switches and photosensors

c explain that the output is the control of loads in response to these inputsi drive light loads such as solenoid valves, motors, electromagnetic clutchesii indicators such as pilot lamps and digital displaysiii large loads such as three-phase electric motors and large solenoid valves

d explain the process as stored software instructions in the programmablecontroller which control the relationship between output signals and the input signals

3 a identify standard ladder diagram symbolsb write a program for a PLC using a ladder diagram which includes

i logic functionsii latchingiii timers, markers and countersiv shift registers

4 a describe the operation of Actuator-Sensor-Interface (ASI) techniques for a given application

b compare ASI and Profibus systems.



Outcome 5


Practical activity






2 a state the procedures to be followed when responding to a service requesti obtaining symptoms from the customerii making a recordiii importance of informative quotations provided promptlyiv obtaining agreement to proceed with a repair or installationv presenting acceptance documentation


c identify procedures to be followed when completing a servicei issuing informative invoices with terms of businessii methods for recording and responding to promises or proposals made

to the customeriii obligations under the terms of warrantiesiv warranty on repairv guaranteesvi service agreements






c explain the value of questionnaires for seeking feedback and revealingunsatisfied needs.



Rationale

This unit concerns the technology of personal computers.

There are 5 performance outcomes for this unit. The candidate will be able to1 demonstrate an understanding of personal computer hardware2 demonstrate an understanding of personal computer software3 demonstrate an understanding of personal computer fault diagnosis and repair4 demonstrate an understanding of personal computer communications and

networking5 demonstrate an understanding of basic customer care and apply this knowledge



This unit is designed to provide the underpinning knowledge for units 1, 3, 5, 8, 10,11, 21 and 22 of the NVQ in Electrical and Electronics Servicing Level 3 (City & Guilds2248).

Assessment




Written questions

The underpinning knowledge requirements are listed for each outcome. These willbe assessed by a structured answer test covering the five outcomes.

Unit 9PC based systems


Outcome 1

Demonstrate an understanding of personal computer hardware

Practical Activity

The candidate will be able to:1 build a PC from supplied modules.


The candidate will be able to:1 a list the hardware elements of a computing system

b describe and compare the different processors used in PCsc explain the need for, and use of, internal interconnecting busses

2 a state the main functions provided by the motherboardb define integrated and plug-in types, and the limitations of each systemc explain the concept of ‘plug and play’

3 a describe howi memory is classifiedii memory is configured and used in a PCiii a RAM cache worksiv Windows uses memory

4 a describe, with the aid of a block diagram, the operation of current power supplyunits (PSU), to includei mains isolationii on-off controliii protection devicesiv electro-magnetic compatibility filter (EMC)v cooling fan and its functions

b describe how a PSU connects and is integrated into the systemc describe the voltages produced by the PSU

5 a describe the operation of disk storage systemsb describe how various hard disk configurations affect the performance of a

hard drivec identify the operating characteristics of different disk interfacing circuits IDE,

EIDE, SCSId explain how the operating system uses a disk storage system



6 a define the principles of optical storage with reference toi how data is stored on a CD-ROMii how data is read by the systemiii a DVD drive

b identify the operating specifications of ai CD-ROM drive interfaceii CD-ROM read/write drive

7 a explain the use of magnetic tape as a bulk storage mediumb identify the operating characteristics of a

i Zip driveii Jazz drive

8 a state how graphics card performance is affected by bandwidth and memory size

b explain the:i relationship between RAM required and display resolution and colourii technology of CRT and LCD based display systems

9 a explain how a keyboard works, and how it communicates with the systemb define the concept of ergonomically designed keyboards

10 a describe how the mouse interfaces with the PC

11 a identify the features and specification ofi a sound cardii the MIDI interface

b compare FM synthesis and Wave Table sound generation

12 a outline the different types of parallel and serial portsb describe the following technologies

i inkjet printerii laser printeriii colour printeriv image scanner.



Outcome 2

Demonstrate an understanding of personal computer software


The candidate will be able to:1 install an operating system and check that the set up for a printer and scanner

works with specified application software2 test the PC using diagnostic software3 explore computer system files using the DEBUG program4 demonstrate disk and file recovery techniques5 use utility software to examine the operation of the hard drive6 use utility software to examine the operation of the CD-ROM drive7 demonstrate the Windows program and how to work in this environment.


The candidate will be able to:1 a construct a flowchart to define a given task

2 a explain the functions of an operating systemb describe the installation processc describe memory allocation and start-up files of the operating systemd compare operating system architecturese compare disk drive filing systemsf explain the importance of using the correct country of origin driver

3 a define key Windows terminologyb explain the various types of

i windows used in the Windows OSii icons used in Windows programs

c describe program installation, modification and upgrading methodsd describe Windows troubleshooting techniquese explain Windows Icons Mouse Pointer (WIMP) technology

4 a explain the use and handling of interrupts (IRQ)b explain the

i way in which the system handles interruptsii need to configure the interrupts of a systemiii need to change DMA setting when a conflict occurs



Outcome 3

Demonstrate an understanding of personal computer fault diagnosis and repair


The candidate will be able to:1 repair a PC by replacing faulty memory module2 repair a PC by identifying a Video fault (is it monitor or card) and making a repair by

replacement or repair of a connector (proper testing procedure to be used)3 perform a Power-On Self Test (POST)4 determine if the computer system has passed or failed the POST5 locate faults in the system

a PSUb when no response occurs during the POST

6 determine the cause of faults in:a the motherboardb RAMc floppy disk drived hard disk drivee monitorf keyboardg mouse


The candidate will be able to:1 a explain the

i limitations of fault diagnosis with conventional test equipmentii requirement for specialised test equipment

b list the functions of specialised test equipmenti loop back connector (wrap plug) memory testeriii logic probeiv logic pulserv logic clipvi bus analyservii POST card

2 a state which areas are tested by POSTb explain the fault area indicated by the audio signals emitted, or error codes

displayed during the POST

3 a describe the boot-up process of a PC



Outcome 4

Demonstrate an understanding of personal computer communications andnetworking

Practical activity

The candidate will be able to:1 install and use networking software.


The candidate will be able to:1 explain the concept of the modem and its use in communication systems

2 list the advantages of Integrated System Digital Network (ISDN) compared to PlainOld Telephone System (POTS)

3 state the advantages and disadvantages of network topologies

4 a explain, with the use of diagrams, the concept ofi LANsii WANsiii the Internet

5 outline typical cabling methods

6 a identify USB interconnected hardwareb define

i USB protocolii firewire protocol



Outcome 5

Demonstrate an understanding of basic customer care and apply this knowledge in a practical situation

Practical activity




The candidate will be able to:1 state the importance of using the customer’s name, correctly spelt and with

the correct form of address (Mr, Mrs, Miss, Ms)


b state procedures to be followed when carrying out a servicei respect for customers’ possessions and propertyii keeping customers informed of progressiii damage caused by misuse and attempts at repair by othersv reporting unsafe situations

c state procedures to be followed when completing a servicei issuing informative invoices with terms of business explainedii methods for recording and responding to promises or proposals made to

customersiii obligations under the terms of warrantiesiv warranty on repairv guaranteesvi service agreements

3 a explain how to deal with differences of opinion or a difficult relationship with acustomeri expression of concern as a first response to the customerii the negative outcome(s) of customer dissatisfactioniii extent of own authority in dealing with complaintsiv when to seek assistance from others



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