LessonslearnedfromgoodexamplesonhowtoimproveoccupationalhealthandsafetyinmicroandsmallenterprisesAnn-BethAntonsson,IVLSwedishEnvironmentalResearchInstitutePeterHasle andBjarke Refslund,AalborgUniversity

Background– theSesameprojectCommissionedassignmentforEU-OSHA(notfundedresearchbutwithconsiderableelementsofresearch)

Budget1332304Euro,threeyearproject

Ninepartners/countries,representingdifferentpartsofEurope

Coregroup– MoniqueRamioul,KULeuven,projectleader,Belgium

– PeterHasle,AalborgUniversity,Denmark

– DavidWalters,CardiffUniversity,UK

– LotharLissner/CarstenBrück,Koop,Germany

– Ann-BethAntonsson,IVL,Sweden

Fourworkpackages1. OSHinMicroandSmallEnterprises,MSE– thestateofplay(reportEU-

OSHA2016)2. Theviewfromtheworkplace:interviewstounderstandOSHattitudes

andbehaviours inMSE(tobepublished2018)3. Frompolicytopractice:towhatextenthasthedesignand

implementationofOSHpolicies,strategies,programmes,actionsandsupportforMSEsucceeded? (tobepublished2017)– Surveyanddescriptionofgoodexamples– WorkshopswithstakeholdersandMSE– Ananalyticalreport

4. Finalanalysisandsupporttowrap-upseminarRealisticevaluation,Whatworks,forwhom,underwhatcircumstances(Pawson&Tilley1997)

Selectioncriteria– goodexamplesCurrentgoodexample.Stillrunningorterminatedthelast5years.Evidenceofimpact,e.g.throughevaluations,statisticsonuseanduptakeorsubjectiveevaluationsbystakeholders.Coverage,reachingouttomanycompanies,e.g.ahighnumberoraconsiderableshareofthetargetgroup.Sustainable,e.g.runningforsometime,alastingresult,affordablecostorsustainablefinancing.TheselectionofexamplesshouldreflectdifferenttypologiesofMSEanddifferenttypesofgoodexamples.

=>mostresearchprojectsarepilotstudiesanddonotfulfilthesecriteria

Avarietyofgoodexamples:44from12countries

Orchestratedexamplesbuiltonmulti-dimensionalstrategies(6)GetMSEsawareof,interestedinandworkingwithOSH(5)StrengtheningOSHinfrastructurethroughstructuresforprovidingpersonalOSHsupporttoMSEs(4)Non-OSHintermediariesengaginginOSH(2+2)UsingrequirementsfromthevaluechainasaleverforOSH(3)OSHtrainingforMSEsandtheiremployees(7+2)EconomicsupportforOSHimprovement(1+1)ProvisionoftoolsandmethodssuitedforsupportofOSHandOSHmanagementinMSEs(12)Methodsforauthorities’supervisionadaptedtoMSEs(2)

TheexamplesreflectthecomplexityofimprovingOSHinMSE

OnesizedonotfitallMSEDrivers– Increaseawareness– AwardOSHimprovementsandmanagement– Internal,knowledgeaboutrisks– External,businessinterest– External,regulatoryrequirements– EconomicsupporttoOSHimprovements

Support– Tools– OSHtraining– Personalsupport– SupportinginfrastructureDissemination,reachingouttoMSE– Inspections– Non-OSHintermediaries– Stakeholders

SomegeneralconclusionsAvarietyofapproaches,whichwasstrivedforintheselectionofexamplesMostexamplesbuildonMSE´svoluntaryparticipation– WhataboutthemajorityofMSEthatdonotvolunteer?

Mostexamplesaredirectedtowardsandadaptedtosectors– Whataboutsmallsectors(fewMSE)?

Highrisksectorscommonlyselectedastargetgroup,e.g.constructionindustryandagriculture– Whatsupportisavailableforothersectors?

Impactisoftenevaluatedthroughcountingdownloadsetc.ThereisalackofevaluationofimpactofthegoodexamplesScarceknowledgeaboutimpact intermsofreducedrisksandreducedinjuryrates– Whatdowereallyknowabouttheimpact?

Thereisusuallyalackofexplicitlydescribedprogrammetheory,describinginwhatwaytheprogrammes,toolsetc.willgiveeffect– NosystematicapproachtakingintoaccountthecomplexityofimprovingOSHInMSE

Based onEureniusC.Verktygförsmåföretagensarbetsmiljö- Behov,MarknadsföringochUtformning(ToolsforOSHinMSE)IVLreportB1173

Perceivedneed,drivers

Developmentoftool,programme

etc.Dissemination

Accessibility

AdaptationtoMSE

RelevantOSHimprovements

UsedbyMSE

UptakebyMSE

Decreasedoccupational

injuries

ThenationalcontextDifferentstakeholderstakeresponsibilityforOSH– Mainlyauthorities(e.g.Estonia,Poland,Romania)

– Insurancecompanies(e.g.Germany,Italy)

– Socialpartners(e.g.Sweden,Denmark)

ResourcesforOSHsupportandadviceaswellaspersonalsupporttoMSEvariesimmensely

MSEneedsvarybetweencountries

Eachcountrycanfindmethodsthatworksforthem

TheproblemtobesolvedanddriversinMSEtosolveitThetargetgroup,contextandculture– Nationalcontext– Vulnerability– Decisionlatitudeofcompany(whohasthepowertodecideaboutOSHand

measuresneeded)– Positioninthevaluechainandimpactfromvaluechain– Usedtoreadingandwriting?Usuallygoodpracticemeasuresismoreeffective

thanstartingidentifyingandassessingrisks

Legitimacyanddissemination– Samemessagefromdifferentstakeholder,cooperationbetweenstakeholders

Sustainability– Whowilltakethe´longtermresponsibility?

Factorstoconsiderinthedesignofanintervention– theroadtosuccess

Developmentofnewstrategiesandmoreeffectivestrategies

NecessarytodevelopstrategiesthatreachnotonlytheinterestedbutallMSEOrchestratedprogrammes,agoodwaytoreachMSEwithvaryingOSHambitions– offerssomethingforall– Orchestratedaction– combinessupportwithcarrotandsticks

ThemainstrategyofMSEisreactive– adapttothatandidentifyactionsthatwillmakeMSEreactandtakeactionSupportisbestofferedasadviceongoodpractice=solutionstocommonOSHproblems,complementedbyothertoolsIdentifytheimpactofthevaluechain– canstrategicalliancesbeformedwithactorsinthevaluechainincludingnon-OSHintermediaries?