lesson plan 2

Lesson plan

Name of the faculty:

Subject Nursing research

Unit Unit

Topic Variables

Group M Sc Nursing

Place I Yr class room

Date

Time

Method of teaching Lecture cum discussion

A V aids Blackboard, LCD

General objectives: At the end of the class the students will gain knowledge about the quantitative study in research.

Specific objectives: the student will be able to,1. Define variables.2. Explain the meaning of concept.3. Enumerate the types of variables.4. Explain in detail about the various types of variables.

Sl.no Time Specific objectives

Content Teacher’s activity

Learner’s activity

A V Aids Evaluation

1. 1 min

The student will be able to define variables

A variable is a concept or abstract idea that can be described in measurable terms

Lecture and explain

Listen and understands

Black board.

What is a variable?

2. 3 min

Explain the meaning of concept

A concept is an abstract idea conjuring a mental image of a phenomenon. The concept is not the phenomenon itself, "only the image thought of when the word is mentioned.

Lecture and discussion


Black board

What is the meaning of concept?

3. 2 min

Enumerate the types of variables

1. Independent variable2. Dependent variable3. Extraneous variable4. Intervening variable5. Attribute variable6. Confounding variable.

Lecture and explain

Understands and asks questions

LCD Mention the types of variables.

4. 10 min

Explain in detail about the different types of variables.

Independent variableIt is the intervention or treatment that the researcher performs to see the resulting change in the dependent variable. The independent variable is manipulated by the researcher.



LCD Differentiate between the various types of variables.

Dependent variable A dependent variable is the response, behavior, or outcome that the researcher wants to predict or explain. Changes in the dependent variables are presumed to be caused by the independent variable.

Extraneous variable Extraneous variables are uncontrolled variables that influence the findings of the research study.

Intervening variable Intervening variables (sometimes called confounding variables) are a type of extraneous variable that cannot be controlled but are innate to the participant in the study and whose effect on the study cannot be measured.

Attribute variable Attribute variables are variables that cannot be manipulated (Kerlinger, 1986) or influenced by the researcher, yet they may be present or vary in the population

under study.

Confounding variable The extraneous variables that are not recognized until the study is in process, or are recognized before the study is initiated but cannot be controlled, are referred to as confounding variables

Others areEnvironmental variablesThese are a type of extraneous variable composing the setting in which the study is conducted

Demographic variableThese are the characteristics of subjects that are collected to describe the sample

Research variableThese are the qualities, properties, or characteristics identified in the research purpose and objectives or questions that are observed or measured in a study.

4. 1 min

Conclusion Summary/ recapitalization: Examining variables helpful approach to understanding the research process. Variables are the building blocks of all studies, and they are critical to research outcomes. Understanding the different types of variables and their use in research can help you interpret research and its applicability to your practice setting.

Discussion Understands and asks questions

5. 1 min

Assignment Assignment :Select 2 quantitative and qualitative research articles and find out the various types of variables used in it and submit.

Bibliography:1 Laura A Talbort. principles and practice of nursing research.2nd edition. Missouri. Mosby Publications;1995.2 Polit and Beck. Nursing research.8th edition.New Delhi. Wolters Kluwer PVT LTD;2008.3 B T Basawanthappa. Nursing research.2nd edition. New Delhi. Jaypee brothers;2007.

Lesson plan



Unit Unit

Topic Assumptions

Group M Sc Nursing


Date

Time



General objectives: At the end of the class the students will gain knowledge about the steps in qualitative research process.

Specific objectives: the student will be able to,1. Define assumptions.2. Enumerate the phases of quantitative study.3. Explain in detail about the phases of quantitative study.




A V Aids

Evaluation

1. 1 min

The student will be able to define assumptions.

Assumptions are overt or innate beliefs held by the researcher about phenomena that are accepted as truths without proof or empirical evidence (Talbot)

Lecture and explain


LCD What is an assumption?

2. 2 min

List the types of assumptions.

Types of Assumptions Universal Theoretically based Empirically based Research based.



LCD What are the types of assumptions?

3. 5 min

Describe in detail about the types of assumptions.

Universal Assumptions.These are beliefs accepted as universal truths by a majority of the population.Eg: Man is a bio psychosocial, cultural, and spiritual being.

Theoretically based assumptions. These are beliefs associated with a specific theory. To accept the theory one must accept the underlying assumptions associated with that theory.


Understands and asks questions.

LCD Explain the various types of assumptions in research.

Empirically based Assumptions These are derived from previous research studies. Therefore these are considered the most reliable. Research Assumptions

These are beliefs about the research design itself. For research studies, assumptions are embedded in the theoretical frame work, the research methodology, the statistical analysis, and the interpretation of the findings.

4. 2 min

Conclusion An assumption is a realistic expectation. It is something that we believe to be true. However, no adequate evidence exists to support this belief. An assumption is an act of faith. It will not be tested in the research.



5. 1 min

Assignment Assignment :Select 2 different studies of different speciality and analyze the assumptions made by the different researchers.

Bibliography:1. Polit D F, Hungler B. Essentials of nursing care research. 8th ed. India. Lippincott publications. 2008.2. Talbot L A. Principles and Practice of Nursing Research.1st ed. Mosby. 3. http://web.utk.edu/~wrobinso/540_lec_assume.html

Lesson plan



Unit Unit

Topic Ethics in nursing research

Group M Sc Nursing


Date

Time



General objectives: At the end of the class the students will gain knowledge about the steps in qualitative research process.

Specific objectives: the student will be able to,4. Define assumptions.5. Enumerate the phases of quantitative study.6. Explain in detail about the phases of quantitative study.




A V Aids

Evaluation

1. 1 min

The student will be able to explain the meaning of ethics.

Ethics is a form of philosophic enquiry used to investigate morality. It is based on scientific ethical principles that are used to justify actions and assists in the resolution of moral dilemmas.

Lecture and explain


LCD What is ethics?

2. 2 min

Explain about the evolution of ethics in nursing research.

One of the first internationally recognized set of standards is referred to as Nuremburg code, developed after the Nazi atrocities were made public in the Nuremberg trials.

Several other international standards have followed, the most notable of which is the declaration of Helsinki, which was adopted in 1964 by the world medical assembly and then later revised in 1975.

Most disciplines have established their own code of ethics. In the United States, an especially important code of ethics was adopted by the National Commission for the protection of human subjects of biomedical and behavioral research.

The Commission, established



LCD Describe the evolution of ethical principles.

by the National Research Act, issued a report in 1978 that served as the basis for regulations affecting research sponsored by the federal government.

This report sometimes called Belmont Report, served as a model for many of the guidelines adopted by specific disciplines.

The Belmont Report articulated tree primary ethical principles on which standards of ethical conduct in research are based: beneficence, respect for human dignity, and justice.

3. 5 min

Describe the ethical principles

Principle of beneficence Free from harm Freedom from exploitation risk/ benefit ratio Potential benefits and costs of

participants Principle of respect for human

dignity Right to full disclosure Informed consent Principle of justice Right to fair treatment Right to privacy


Understands and asks questions.

LCD Explain the ethical principles

4. 2 min

Conclusion Summary/ recapitalizationEthical principles take care of the clients or participants in the research process it helps to prevent the harm and to keep the morality,



5. 1 min

Assignment

Bibliography:1. Polit D F, Hungler B. Essentials of nursing care research. 8th ed. India. Lippincott publications. 2008.2. Talbot L A. Principles and Practice of Nursing Research.1st ed. Mosby.

lesson plan 2

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