lesson 1 1. warm-up activities (15’) 2. reading (25’) 3. rhetoric (28’) 4. classroom tests...

Lesson 11. Warm-up Activities (15’)

2. Reading (25’)

3. Rhetoric (28’)

4. Classroom Tests (20’)

5. Assignments (2’)

6. Intensive Language Practice (90’)

1.Warm-up Activities

1.1 Duty report

1.2 Dictation

(1) Words

(2) Expressions

(3) Quotes

Lesson 1 – Thinking as a Hobby

2. Reading

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Guiding questions

2.3 Discussion questions

2.4 Structural analysis

2.5 Précis


2.12.12. Reading


2.1 Introduction2.1 Introduction

2. Reading 2.1 Introduction

2.1.1 Author 2.1.2 His works2.1.3 Picture description2.1.4 Quotations on thinking2.1.5 What is your story


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Golding, William Gerald:1911–1993 British writer noted for his dark novels, such as The Lord of the Flies (1954) and Pincher Martin (1956). He won the 1983 Nobel Prize for literature. Golding was born in Cornwall and educated at Brasenose College, Oxford. Before World War , he worked as Ⅱa writer, actor and producer with small theater companies and as a teacher. During the war, he served in the Royal Navy in command of a rocket ship. He returned to writing and teaching after the war.


2.1.1 Author 2.1.1 Author


2.1.2 His works2.1.2 His worksLord of the Flies contains numerous characters, all of which are young boys. The most important characters in the novel are listed below, with a short description. Symbolism played an important part in the development of story. This narrative technique is used to give significance to certain people or objects, which represent some other figure.



2.1.2 His works2.1.2 His worksThemes

William Golding presented numerous themes and basic ideas that give the reader something to think about. One of the most basic and obvious themes is that society holds everyone together, and without these conditions, our ideals, values, and the basics of right and wrong are lost. Without society's rigid rules, anarchy and savagery can come to light.Golding is also showing that morals come directly from our surroundings, and if there is no civilization around us, we will lose these values.



2.1.2 The world in 2.1.2 The world in his workshis works

Other secondary themes include the following:1． People will abuse power when it's not earned. 2．When given a chance, people often single out another to degrade to improve their own security. 3． You can only cover up inner savagery so long before it breaks out, given the right situation. 4． It's better to examine the consequences of a decision before you make it than to discover them afterward. 5． The fear of the unknown can be a powerful force, which can turn you to either insight or hysteria.




2.1.2 The world in 2.1.2 The world in his works his works

William Golding obviously was influenced by several

other authors in his creation of Lord of the Flies.

Golding, however, held a much more negative

outlook on human nature, which he expressed in his

works, beginning with Lord of the Flies.



2.1.3 Picture 2.1.3 Picture descriptiondescription

Please describe the following pictures in detail and depict their symbolic meaning in your own words.

Compare your answer with that of the author, and try to find their symbolic meaning in the boy’s (the author) eyes.



2.1.4 Quotations on thinking “Intelligence is something we are born with. Thinking is

a skill that must be learned.” ---Edward de Bono

“Most people can’t think, most of the remainder won’t

think, and the small fraction who do think mostly can’t

do it very well.”---Robert Heinlein

“I think, therefore I am.” ---René Déscartes

“I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make

them think.”---Socrates


2.1.4 Quotations on thinking “We think too small. Like the frog at the bottom of the well. He thinks the sky is only as big as the top of the well. If he surfaced, he would have an entirely different view.”---Mao Zedong

“Thinking is what a great many people think they are doing when they are merely rearranging their prejudices.” ---William James

“Nurture your mind with great thoughts.” ---Benjamin Disraeli

“What is the hardest task in the world? To think.”---Ralph Waldo Emerson




Have you got an anecdote or true story about your school life?

Would you like to tell it to your partner?

2.1.5 What is your story?


• What does this text tell us ? Thinking is not just for professional thinkers like philosophers. It is

something all educated people should enjoy doing, and it is considered one of the most precious qualities in young scholars for the healthy mental development.

2. Reading

2.2 Guiding questions


1) What do the three statuettes symbolize? What effect do the boy’s descriptions have?

• They represented the whole of life. The leopard stood for all animal needs or desires; Venus stood for love and the Thinker stood for thinking as a uniquely human feature.

• An humorous and sarcastic effect has been achieved by the author’s description of the statuettes, which established a background to support his later analysis of three grades of thinking and some human natures.

2. Reading



2) How did the author describe the following figures to demonstrate his analyses of different grades of thinking?

• Headmaster: nothing human in his eyes, no possibility of communication (not understand his students)

• Me, the boy: delinquent, not integrated, misunderstanding the symbolic meaning of the statuettes, couldn’t think

2. Reading



• Mr. Houghton: ruined by alcohol, preaching high-moral life but showing hypocritical and prejudiced nature

• A pious lady: who hated German with the proposition of loving enemies

2. Reading



3) How did the author describe the following figures to demonstrate his analyses of different grades of thinking?

• Ruth: foolish argument, illogical and fled at last• British Prime Minister: talking about the great

benefit conferring on India by jailing Nehru and Gandhi

• American politicians: talking about peace and refusing to join the League of Nations

• Me, the author: not easily stampede, detect contradiction; turned into a professional thinker

2. Reading



Part 1 (Paras. 1—24 ) about:

Part 2 (Paras. 25—29) about:

Part 3 (Paras. 30—35) about:


2.4 Structural 2.4 Structural analysisanalysis

Structure of the text

How the subject of thinking was first brought up to the author and his understanding of the nature of “grade-three thinking”

The author’s analysis of the nature of “grade-two thinking”

The author’s understanding of the “grade-one thinking” and his desire for it

2. Reading

•Retelling of the whole text

2. Reading

2.5 Précis


3. Rhetoric

3.1 Word study

3.2 Phrases and expressions

3.3 Word building

3.4 Grammar



3.3.


3.1 Word study3.1 Word studyWord list:

1) acquaintance2) anguish3) bulge4) confer5) contemplate6) contempt7) exalt

8) heady9) hustle10)impediment11)integrate12)muscular13)proficient14)stampede

3.Rhetoric


3.1 Word study3.1 Word study1) acquaintance n. a. a person whom one knows (CN) b. knowledge or information about something or someone (UN) n. acquaintanceship v. acquaint: To come to know personally; to make familiar; to inform;Examples:Mrs. Bosomley has become merely a nodding acquaintance.Few of my acquaintances like Sheila.The guide has some acquaintance with Italian.He has a wide acquaintanceship among all sorts of people.

Translation 点头之交；

认识的人

懂一点意大利语

交往甚广

3.Rhetoric


3.1 Word study3.1 Word studyExamples:Let me acquaint you with my family.You must acquaint yourself with your new duties.Please acquaint us with your plans.

Expressions:be (become, get) acquainted with:I am already acquainted with the facts.make sb.’s acquaintance (make the acquaintance of sb.):So pleased to have made your acquaintance.

3.Rhetoric


3.1 Word study3.1 Word study2) anguish

v. (vi.) to feel or suffer anguishn. agonizing physical or mental pain;tormenta. Anguished

Examples:She was in anguish over her missing child.anguished cries

3.Rhetoric

Synonyms

suffering, agony

distress, grief

heartache

heartbreak

misery

pain sorrow

torment, torture

Lesson 1 – Thinking as a Hobby3.Rhetoric3.1 Word study3.1 Word study3) bulge

v. to curve outward; to swell up; to stick out n. a. a protruding part; an outward curve or swelling b. a sudden, usually temporary increase in number or quantity

Examples:His pocket was bulging with sweets. The baby boom created a bulge in school enrollment.

Protrude: v. to push or thrust outward; to jut out Examples: Helen’s teeth protrude too far. The policeman saw a gun protruding from the man’s pocket. Nails protruded from the board and had to be removed for safety.

protrudeprojectstick out

Synonyms


v. a. to bestow (e.g. an honor) 授予 b. to invest with (a characteristic) 赋予；使带有 c. (vi.) to meet in order to deliberate together or compare views 协商Examples: The government conferred a medal on the hero.Diplomas were conferred on members of graduating class.The engineers and technicians are still conferring on the unexpected accident.

4) confer

3.Rhetoric3.1 Word study3.1 Word study

• Synonyms: award • v.a. to grant as merited or due; b.to give as legally due• Examples: • Martin Ruther King Jr. was awarded the peace Nobel Prize of 1964

for advocating nonviolence policy in the movement for civil rights.• He was awarded his damages in the shipwreck by the court.




5) contemplate

v. a. to look at attentively and thoughtfully b. to consider carefully and at length; c. to have in mind as an intention or possibility

Synonymsconsiderpondermeditatedeliberatebrood over


Examples: She stood contemplating her figure in the mirror. The young surgeon contemplated the difficult operation of kidney transplant. She is contemplating a trip to Europe, but she hasn’t planned it yet.


6) contemptn. scorn; a feeling that sb. or sth. is not important and does not deserve any respect Example:I feel nothing but contempt for such dishonest behavior.


Expressions: be beneath contempt极为荒谬可鄙的bring into contempt使受人鄙视hold in contempt鄙视，蔑视in contempt of ……不顾，不把放在眼里


Examples: It was contemptible of him to speak like that about a respectable teacher! It was a contemptible trick to tell lies and play on an old friend! He was contemptuous of Britain’s army. Seeing I failed to understand, he gave me a contemptuous look.

contemptible: deserving of contempt; despicable 卑劣的contemptuous: manifesting or feeling contempt; scornful鄙视的；看不起；鄙视的

Word formations

contemptible contemptuous



7) exaltv. a. to raise in rank, character, or status b. to glorify, praise, or honor c. to increase the effect or intensity of

Exalted: a. excited; noble; exaggeratedExamples:Complementary colors exalt each other.He was exalted to the position of president.The retiring professor is exalted by his colleagues.an exalted dedication to libertyHe has an exalted sense of his importance to the project.


8) heady a.

heady liqueurthe heady news of triumpha heady outburst of angera heady currentheady tacticstoo heady to reason with

醉人的烈酒振奋人心的获胜消息猛一声怒喝一股湍流机敏的战术太专横而无法与之理论



9) hustlevt. a. to convey in a hurried or rough manner

b. to cause or urge to proceed quickly

c. to gain by energetic effort

vi. to work or move energetically and rapidlyExamples:

The police hustled the prisoner into a van.

Mother hustled the children off to school lest they should be late.

We hustled to get dinner ready on time.

Lesson 1 – Thinking as a Hobby3.Rhetoric3.1 Word study3.1 Word study

10) impedimentn. a. a fact or event which makes action difficult or impossible

b. an organic defect preventing clear articulation

Examples:

The main impediment to development is the country’s huge foreign debt.

He has an impediment in speech. 他讲话口吃。Synonyms:

hinder impede block dam

bar obstruct hamper



hinder: to hold back, as by delaying (implying stopping or prevention)The travelers were hindered by storms throughout their journey. hamper: to hinder by or as if by fastening or entangling

A suit and an overcoat hampered the efforts of the accident victim to swim to safety. impede: to slow by making action or movement Sentiment and eloquence serve only to impede the pursuit of truth.

obstruct: implies the presence of obstacles that interfere with progress A building under construction obstructs our view of the mountains. block: to complete obstruction that prevents progress, passage, or actionA huge snowdrift is blocking the entrance to the driveway.

dam: suggests obstruction of the flow, progress, or release of something, such as water or emotion

They dammed the brook to form a swimming pool.bar: to prevent entry or exit or prohibit a course of actionMounted troops barred access to the presidential palace.




3.Rhetoric3.2 Phrases and expressions3.2 Phrases and expressions

1) at the time2) do away with3) few and far between4) for (one’s) money 5) in the flesh6) lag behind

7) make for8) nothing but9) on …occasion10)out of one’s depth11)think well of12)stand by

1) Please translate the following phrases.

at a time

at all times

at one time

at the time

at times

at the same time

at the best of times




2) do away with

Please translate the following sentences:

They have done away with corporal punishment in our school.The city has decided to do away with overhead wires.They agreed that privileges must be done away with.The robbers did away with their victims.It is about time all this obsolete machinery was done away with.

Translation废除体罚消除高架线取消特权干掉受害者处理掉旧机器



3) few and far betweenExamples:In Nevada the towns are few and far between.Really exciting games are few and far between.Places where you can get water are few and far between in the desert.as far as ……就而言；只要；一直走到by far …… ……远比，得多far and away 最最（和 adj.adv最高级连用）far and near 到处，从各地far and wide 到处，各地so far, so good 到目前为止情况是不错的so far from …… ……不仅没有，相反no fewer than ……有之多，至少有quite a few (a good few) 好些，相当多not a few 不少，相当多the few 少数（有特殊要求的）人



4) for (one’s) money: according to one’s opinion, choice, or preference 依照某人的意见、选择或

For my money, it’s not worth the trouble.1.I wouldn’t give him my dog for love or money.2.After years of struggle and dependence, air transportation is in the money.3.Dick’s uncle died and left him money to burn.4.It is a bit expensive, but you get your money’s worth.5.to put money on outcome of a raceKeys1.无论如何，不管以任何代价2.非常有钱，有利可图3.大量的钱4.花钱值得5. ……为打赌



5) in the fleshin the person, presentExamples:I have corresponded with him for some years,but I have never met him in the flesh.He is nicer in the flesh than in his photograph.flesh and blood:血肉之躯Those sorrows are more than flesh and blood can bear.The author doesn't give his characters any flesh and blood. 逼真的形象make one’s flesh creep: 使人毛骨悚然His story made my flesh creep.thorn in the flesh: 肉中刺The guerrilla band was a thorn in the flesh of the invaders.



6) lag behind

to fail to keep up a pace; to straggleExamples:The elder people and children always lag behind when we go for a walk. Don’t let a single classmate lag behind.He wondered darkly at how great a lag there was between his thinking and his actions. 他暗暗惊讶于自己在思想和行动上有如此大的差距。



7) make forto have or cause to have a particular effect or result; to help

promote; to go to a place or rush forward

small details that make for comfort

Thoughtfulness makes for closer relationships.

This book makes for very enjoyable reading.

The convoy made for the open sea.

As soon as it started to rain we turned round and made for

home.



9) nothing but: only, merelyDon’t have him for a friend: he’s nothing but a criminal.He had nothing for supper but a little piece of cheese.Nothing but roses meets the eye. “Nothing” phrases:nothing doing毫无，决不nothing if not极其，极端nothing like没有什么能比得上nothing less than不亚于，完全（强调其多、其大）nothing more than仅仅，只不过（强调其少、其小）nothing much非常少，没什么nothing of the kind哪里，不行



Examples:“Let’s go for a boat ride!” “Nothing doing!”He was nothing if not clever.There’s nothing like a holiday to make one fell rested.Studying that lesson should take nothing like four hours.That’s nothing less than a miracle. (=no less than)The drops didn’t get very big, and the earth received nothing more

than a drizzle. (=no more than) “Anything interesting happening?” No, nothing much.“I’m sorry to cause you trouble.” “ My dear friend, it’s nothing of the

kind”.



9) on… occasion

He talked about his his work on every occasion.总是，不管什么时候

She was invited to the Master’s room on several occasions.有几次

On occasion, we feel like celebrating and have a party.有时，遇必要时

On one occasion, he landed in a deserted car park.曾经，有一次



10) out of one’s depth 水深过头；超越自己的能力；理解不了的

Jack was not a good swimmer, add nearly drowned when he drifted out beyond his depth.I am out of my depth when it comes to natural science.in depth 广泛地；彻底地a study in depth of the poemsexplore a subject in depthan in-depth study



11) think well ofnot think much of 看轻think better of sb. 对某人印象好；看重某人think better of sth. ……改变念头；打消主意think highly of 看重；器重think well of 重视think little of 看轻；看不起think poorly of 不放在眼里；轻视think nothing of 轻视；认为无所谓；认为没什么了不起



12) stand by

a. to remain uninvolved; to refrain from actingb. to remain loyal to; to aid or supportc. to keep or maintaind. to be ready or available to act

He stood by me through all my troubles.The police are standing by to control the crowd if it is necessary.You should always stand by your promises.You can’t stand by and allow such a thing.


Lesson 1 – Thinking as a Hobby3.Rhetoric3.3 Word building3.3 Word building

List:

Prefix—hind-

Suffix— -ette

Derivative: orate

Suffix— -fer


hindquarters hindquarters Prefix—hind- :located at or forming the back or rearExamples:hindquarters n. 后腿，臀部hindlimb (hind legs a.) n. (动物或昆虫的 )后肢，下肢hindsight n.枪的表尺，后瞄准器；后见之明，事后聪明I now know with hindsight that I did him a terrible wrong. 我事后才明白我完全冤枉了他。hindmost a. 最后面的，最后部的

Lesson 1 – Thinking as a Hobby3.Rhetoric

3.3 Word building3.3 Word buildingstatuette suffix—-ettea. small; diminutive 表示小的，小型的b. female 表示女性的c. an imitation or inferior kind of cloth 表示仿造品或衣料质

地较差的a. kitchenette 小厨房 novelette 中或短篇 luncheonette 小餐馆 launderette 自动洗衣店b. usherette 女引座员 drum majorette 鼓乐

bachelorette 未婚女子c. Leatherette 人造革


OratoryOratoryorate v. to speak in a formal, pompous manneroration n. a formal speech, especially one given on a ceremonial occasion; a speech delivered in a high-flown or pompous mannerorator n. one who delivers an oration; an eloquent and skilled public speakeroratory n. the art of public speaking; eloquence or skill in making speeches to the public; public speaking marked by the use of overblown rhetoric

Lesson 1 – Thinking as a Hobby3.Rhetoric3.3 Word building3.3 Word buildingConfer-fer： from Latin: ferre = to carry 携带fertile 肥沃的，多产的afferent 传入的defer 推迟，延期，听从，服从proffer 提供efferent 传出的，输出管 , infer 推断 , offer , differ, refer , suffer , transfer, prefer


1) Parallelism2) The Use of Complement

3.Rhetoric3.4 Grammar3.4 Grammar


I) The method of expressing ideas of equal importance in the same or similar grammatical form is called PARALLELISM.Parallel constructions: listing, contrast, choice, comparisonExamples:all shouting the same thing, all warming their hands at the fire of their prejudices—two absolute constructions (listing)not by thought; by an invisible and irresistible spring in his neck. —two prepositional phrases (contrast)To be or not to be, that is a question. —two infinitive phrases (choice)Crawling up down a mountain is sometimes harder than climbing up. —two participle phrases.(comparison)


Lesson 1 – Thinking as a Hobby3.Rhetoric3.4 Grammar3.4 Grammar

2) The Use of Complement

1.Next to her, crouched the statuette of a leopard,ready to spring down… —adjective phrase as subject complement2.You could hear the wind, trapped in his chest and struggling with all the unnatural impediments. —past and present participles as object complement3.It took the swimmer some distance from the shore and left him there, out of his depth. —prepositional phrase as object complement


More examples: Tired and sleepy, I went to bed. Lincoln was born a poor farmer’s boy and died President of the

United States. People are just born what color they are. As a true friend he stood by me to the end. John wears his hair very long. Can I have this parcel weighed here? I called this robbing Peter to pay Paul. As the main eating implement, the Chinese use chopsticks

every day.



3.3.


4.1 Quiz 1

4.2 Quiz 2

4.3 Quiz 3

4. Classroom Tests


Put in appropriate prepositions or adverbs:

1) All these possibilities are consideration.

2) She feels ill ease with so many strangers

watching.

3) I was my wit’s end. I really didn’t know

what to do.

4) He was totally a loss for words.

5) Go and ask his wife. She must be the

know.

1) under

2) at

3) at

4) at

5) in

4. Classroom Test

4.1 4.1 Quiz 1Quiz 1


6) Be your guard. Not everyone who

smiles at you is a friend.

7) This chair is place in this room. Get

rid of it.

8) A pay rise is the question. The

company is operating a loss this year.

9) She knew that she was against very

strong opposition.

10) They are very bad terms at the

moment. They don’t speak to each other.

6) On

7) out of

8) out of, at

9) up

10) on

4. Classroom Test

4.1 4.1 Quiz 1Quiz 1


4. Classroom Test

4.2 4.2 Quiz 2Quiz 21) ____that you arrive at the airport at least half an hour ahead. A)to see B)seen C)See to it D)have seen

2)She had a hard time____ me to accept the job A)persuading B)to persuade C)persuaded D)to have persuaded


4. Classroom Test

4.2 4.2 Quiz 2Quiz 2• 3) If I had taken the doctor’s advice I____ by now.• A)have recovered B)recovered • C)should have recovered D)was recovering

• 4)No sooner_____ to the station___ it started. • A)I have got….than B)I had got…when • C)have I got…than D)had I got…than


5) The tremendous heat at a star’s core, __ tremendous

gravity, joins the nuclei of hydrogen atoms.

a. combined with b. having combined with

c. combining with d. being combined with

6) __ the choice of a fine home downtown and a modest one

in the suburbs, the latter will win.

a. Being given b. Given

c. If given d. When given

4. Classroom Test

4. 2 Quiz 24. 2 Quiz 2


7) Despite their good service, most inns are less costly

than hotels of _____ standards.

a. equivalent b. alike

c. uniform d. likely

8) Very few scientists _______ completely new answers to

the world’s problems.

a. come up with b. come out

c. come round d. come up to

4. Classroom Test

4. 2 Quiz 24. 2 Quiz 2


9) For the success of the project, the company

should __ the most of the opportunities at hand.

a. obtain b. grasp

c. catch d. make (TEM-4, 98)

10) The local police are authorized to __ anyone’s

movements as they think it.

a. pause b. halt

c. repel d. keep (TEM-4, 98)

4. Classroom Test

4. 2 Quiz 24. 2 Quiz 2


11) She was standing outside in the snow, __ with

cold.

a. spinning b. shivering

c. shaking d. staggering (TEM-4, 04)

12) The accusation left him quite __ with rage.

a. quiet b. silent

c. mute d. speechless

4. Classroom Test

4.2 Quiz 24.2 Quiz 2


13) As the drug took __ the patient became

quieter.

a. force b. effect c. action d. influence

14) He is now convinced __ the truth of the

report.

a. about b. in c. at d. of

4. Classroom Test

4. 2 Quiz 24. 2 Quiz 2


Word Derivation

1)It took courage and _______________ (determined) to break the habit of smoking.

2) (admit) to this university is by examination only.

3)Children are usually taught not to play

(violence).

4) (nature), our pronunciation is far from perfect.

5) “But how can we pay for it?” said John

(practice).

determination

Admission

violently

Naturally

practically

Fill out the blanks with the proper form of the given words.

4. Classroom Test

4. 3 Quiz 34. 3 Quiz 3


Word Derivation

6) He impressed me (favor).

7) The army is making (prepare)

for a full-scale invasion.

8) I am afraid I do not have the final

(decide) in these matters.

9) “Will there be any food left over?” he asked

(hope).

10) He did not pay close (attend)

to the details.

favorably

preparations

decision

hopefully

attention

4. Classroom Test

4. 3 Quiz 34. 3 Quiz 3

5. Assignments

5.1 Please write a précis of Text A, which is to be checked next time in class.

5.2 Accomplish the tasks at the end of Text A, which are to be checked next time in class.

5.3 Read Text B and find out what it is about for out-of class appreciation.


6. Intensive Language Practice

• 6.1 Vocabulary (pages 8-10)

• 6.2 Grammar (pages 23-28)

• 6.3 Writing (60’)

• 6.3.1 Check on the Text A précis

• 6.3.2 Critical writing (pages 29-30)


lesson 1 1. warm-up activities (15’) 2. reading (25’) 3. rhetoric (28’) 4. classroom tests...

Documents

hobby slide

introduction slide

introduction lesson

story lesson

prcis lesson

quotes lesson

works lord

works william golding