lecture+15+ +emotions+and+mental+health

8/13/2019 Lecture+15+ +Emotions+and+Mental+Health

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REMINDER:

PLEASETURNOFFYOURPHONES


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PSYCHOLOGYOFEMOTION:

EMOTIONS

AND

MENTAL

HEALTH

Wesley G. Moons, Ph.D.

University of California, Davis

Department of Psychology


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DIAGNOSTICS! Some form of emotional disturbance in nearly all

psychiatric diagnostic categories

! One framework for considering emotion disturbances! Excess of emotion

! Phobias

! Deficits of emotion! Psychopathy

! Social emotion problems! Narcisism

! Regulation problems! Borderline personality

! Imperfect system because of overlap between categories


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MOODDISORDERS

! Major depressive disorder! Often thought of as increased negative affect! Often actually characterized by anhedonia

!Anhedonia: the loss of feelings of pleasure

!Bipolar Disorder! Sometimes referred to as manic-depressive! Vacillate between depressive and manic periods

! Mania = Increases in both joy/euphoria and irritability

! Dysthymia!

Low-level persistent depression

! Cyclothymia! Low-level persistent bipolar disorder

If you are always, mad at the world...

and you lack enthusiasm

lack of hedonism: pleasure, they are depressed.

You can have one episode...

and be bipolar.


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ANXIETYDISORDERS! Phobias

! Extreme and irrational fear of some stimulus! Extreme avoidance of stimulus! Can often trigger panic attacks and subsequent syncope

! Specific phobias (8.7% of US population has one or more)!Acrophobia Fear of heights! Claustrophobia Fear of enclosed spaces! Nyctophobia Fear of the dark! Ophidiophobia Fear of snakes!Arachnophobia Fear of spiders! Trypanophobia Fear of injection or medical needles!Astraphobia Fear of thunder and lightning! Nosophobia Fear of having a disease!

Mysophobia Fear of germs! Triskaidekaphobia Fear of the number 13

! Social phobia! Extreme/excessive fear of social evaluation! Can lead to agoraphobia

! Fear of being in panic-inducing situation with little means of escape

this are the people that do not want to leave their

house...


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PHOBIATREATMENTS

! Flooding! Sudden overwhelming exposure to

source of phobia

! Idea: People will see that nothing badhappens

! Problem: Can (re)traumatize people

! Systematic Desensitization! Gradual exposure to stimulus in

safe environment

! Can include:! Mental visualization with therapist!Virtual reality exposure to stimulus!Actual, safe exposure to stimulus


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OTHERANXIETYDISORDERS! Generalized anxiety disorder

! Pattern of frequent, constant worry and anxiety overmany different activities and events

! Panic disorder! Repeated attacks of intense fear that something bad

will occur when not expected

! The person lives in fear that another attack will occur.

! Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)! Occurs after experiencing a traumatic event that involved

the threat of injury or death.

! They re-experience the event again and again! Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

! Obsession Intrusive recurring thoughts! Compulsion Repetitive behaviors

! Eating disorders! Anorexia nervosa! Bulemia nervosa

high level of anxiety... pretty difficult to tolerate.

not pleasant...


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EMOTIONSINPERSONALITYDISORDERS! Personality disorders

! An enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior thatdeviates markedly from the expectations of the culture of theindividual who exhibits it. ~APA

! Narcissistic Personality Disorder! Excessive focus on ones own power, status, and vanity! Lacking empathy for others (i.e., extreme self-centeredness)

! Histrionic Personality Disorder! Excessive emotionality, attention-seeking, need for approval,

inappropriate seductiveness

! Excessively rapid shifts in expressions of emotion! Borderline Personality Disorder

! Persistent unstable and volatile emotions about themselves andothers

! Leads to impulsive actions and chaotic relationships! Difficulty regulating anger! All good or all bad emotional reactions to things

khurshid. manipulative... threaten with suicide.


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DISRUPTIONINEMOTIONCOMMUNICATION

!Alexithymia! Difficulty in understanding, processing, or

verbalizing emotions

! Measured with two subscales that assess:! Difficulty identifying emotion! Difficult describing emotion

! Dimensional characteristic! Everyone falls somewhere on the dimension! Not a clinical disorder, but has implications! People high in alexythymia are:

! More likely to develop a clinical mental disorder! Be less likely to benefit from interventions


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SCHIZOPHRENIA

! Schizophrenia! Difficulty determining real vs. unreal and thinking logically

! Show distinct pattern of emotion! Seemingly experience emotion similarly to normative population! But often show muted expression of emotion

! Schizophrenia may be detectable early! Reflected in emotional expressivity

! Study Method! Examined group of diagnozed schizophrenics and a control group! Coded old home movies for emotion expressions of all subjects

! Subjects were adolescents or young adults

! Result! Schizophrenics showed more negative emotional expressions


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PSYCHOPATHY! Psychopathy

! An abnormal lack of empathy combined with stronglyamoral conduct but masked by an ability to appearoutwardly normal.! Distinct from antisocial personality disorder! Understanding but not feeling emotions normally

! Study Method! Examined groups of psychopaths (P) and non-

psychopaths (NP)! Self-reported affect to positive and negative pictures! Also an emotion-modulated startle paradigm was used

! Reflexive eye shutting to loud sound while seeing pictures

! Results! When viewing positive pictures:

! P and NP reported similar affective reactions! P and NP showed similar reflexive startle response

! When viewing negative pictures:! P and NP reported similar affective reactions! P showed less of a started response than NP


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THEEND!

lecture+15+ +emotions+and+mental+health

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