lec 10 local flora – lecture 10 dr. donald p. althoff grasses part ii common characteristics &...
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LEC 10
LOCAL FLORA – Lecture 10Dr. Donald P. Althoff
GrassesPart II
Common Characteristics& Classifications
Barnyard grass Witchgrass
Johnsongrass Foxtail
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Kingdom Division Class Order Family Subfamily TRIBE
PlantaeMagnoliophyta (Anthrophyta)
Liliopsida-moncots
?...>16 grasses
Cyperales ____________
End in -____But not exclusively
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Tribes (some)
• Andropogoneae • Aristideae• Arundineae • Aveneae • Centotheceae • Chlorideae • Danthonieae
• Eragrosteae• Oryzeae • Paniceae• Poeae• Triticeae
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TRIBE: Andropogoneae• Big bluestem• Little bluestem• _____________
__________• Indiangrass• _____________• Eastern gamagrass• Stiltgrass
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Japanese stiltgrass Deer
tongue
note “lines” onmidvein of leaf blade
***Found on Rio Baby Moose Hill
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Japanese stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum) • USDA site: Nepalese browntop ( MIVI )• Also known as Chinese packing grass• Family: Poaceae• Annual grass• Well adapted to low light conditions (aka shade
tolerant)
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TRIBE: Aristideae
• Curly threeawn• Threeawn• Prairie threeawn• Purple threeawn
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TRIBE: Arundineae
• Giant reed• Common reed
(Phragmites)
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TRIBE: Aveneae
• Bent grass• Winter bent grass• Wild oats (a)• Cultivated oats (a)
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TRIBE: Centotheceae
• Indian woodoats• Broadleaf woodoats• Narrowleaf
woodoats
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TRIBE: Chorideae
• Sideoats grama• _____ grama• _____ grama• Buffalo grass• Windmill grass• Bermuda grass
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TRIBE: Danthonieae• Poverty grass (very short)
(poverty oatgrass)
• Does well on sitesthat have ______
soils…hencename.
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TRIBE: Eragrosteae
• Goosegrass (a)• Stinkgrass (a)• Purple lovegrass• Tall dropseed
(composite)• Purple (red) top greasegrass
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TRIBE: Oryzeae
• Rice cutgrass• Whitegrass
Silicaceous barbs on stems…”the cutting”
capability
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TRIBE: Paniceae (page 1)
• Crabgrass (a)• Barnyard grass• Redtop panicum• Switchgrass
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TRIBE: Paniceae (page 2)
• (Marsh) bristlegrass• Green bristle grass
(green foxtail, nodding foxtail, etc.
foxtails (a)
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TRIBE: Poeae (page 1)
• Soft brome (a)• Field brome (a)• Cheatgrass (a)• Orchardgrass• Tall fescue
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TRIBE: Poeae (page 2)
• Ryegrass (a)• Annual bluegrass (a)• Kentucky bluegrass• Smooth brome
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TRIBE: Triticeae
• Western wheatgrass• Canada wildrye• Rye (a)
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Cool Season Grasses
• Kentucky bluegrass• Annual bluegrass• Tall fescue• Canada wildrye• Soft brome (a)• __________________________ (a)• _______________ (a)• Orchardgrass• Tall fescue
• Timothy• Woodoats• Wild oats (a)• Cultivated oats (a)• Western wheat
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Warm Season Grasses (page 1)
• Indiangrass• Big bluestem• Little bluestem• Switchgrass• Buffalograss• ______________• E. gamagrass• Bermuda grass• Poverty grass
• Bromesedge• Threeawns• Giant Reed• Common Reed• Bentgrass• Sideoats grama• Blue grama• Hairy grama
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Warm Season Grasses (page 2)
• Rice cutgrass• ___________• Barnyard grass• Redtop panicum• Bristlegrass• Goosegrass• Stinkgrass• Purplelove grass
• Tall dropseed• Purple (red) top• Whitegrass• __________
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________ vs. ________ GrassIntroduced vs. Native
Timothy
Rye grassIndiangrassTall fescuesod-formingbunch grass
Smooth brome
Reed canarygrass
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_________
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• Sod-forming grasses with extensive _________: smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis)
Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis)quackgrass (Agropyron repens)
prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata) foxtail muhly (Muhlenbergia
andina)Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense)
redtop (Agrostis alba).
• Sod-forming grasses with short ____________: tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceae)side-oats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula)big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii)Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans).
Sod-formingA
B
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Sod-forming….
________ground
A B
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Sod-forming…con’t• Sod-forming grasses with extensive __________:
bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) bentgrasses (Agrostis spp.)
buffalo grass (Buchloe dactyloides).
C
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Sod-forming….continued
_______ ground
C
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Bunch-forming• Bunchgrasses - chiefly ________________________:
perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata)little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium)broomsedge (Andropogon virginicus)
• Bunchgrasses - reproducing _____________________: timothy (Phleum pratense)
tall oatgrass (Arrhenatherum elatius var. bulbosum).
The adventitious buds of bunchgrasses are found on the basal nodes in crown tissue and produce new tillers which remain within the surrounding leaf sheath of the mother stem.
Reproduce vegetatively from adventitious buds on corms--corms are thickened, bulbous internodes which form in crown tissue, serving as storage organs.
D
E
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Bunch-forming….
tillers from crown region
D
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Bunch-forming….
corms from crown region
E