field botany – lecture 07 dr. donald p. althoff
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LEC 07. Families – Part III Monocots w/ Non-Showy Flowers. FIELD BOTANY – Lecture 07 Dr. Donald P. Althoff. Set III – all __________. Grass family Sedge family Rush family Cattail family Arrowhead family Water Nymph family Pondweed family Duckweed family. Grass Family -- Poaceae. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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FIELD BOTANY – Lecture 07Dr. Donald P. Althoff
LEC 07
Families – Part IIIMonocots w/ Non-
Showy Flowers
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Set III – all __________• Grass family• Sedge family• Rush family• Cattail family• Arrowhead family• Water Nymph family• Pondweed family• Duckweed family
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Grass Family -- Poaceae
• Older family designation is Gramineae…which leads to the term _____________
• Graminoids = grasses and sedges and rushes (think narrow blades/leaves)
• Most are herbaceous but some woody (think bamboo)
• They _____ showy petals and sepals because they are _______________
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• grass plants maintain 3 defining characteristics from other members of the plant kingdom:
petal-less flowers emerge between the bracts on leaf-less stems
leaves on grass plants take on a flat form and stretch out long and slender. At the stem, these leaves cling tightly and form a type of sheath.
the round stems remain hollow in the center. Thenodes, or joints, along the stem also appear swollen.
Grass Family
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2
3
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Sedge Family
• TAXONICALLY: ____________ perennial graminoids (herbs and
forbs)• Species include: fox
sedgeGray’s sedge lake (hairy) sedgepalm (Muskingum) sedge
yellownut sedge
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Sedge Family stem pattern
• _____…usually. Results in __________ stem • Stem is ______ (vs. grass which is hollow)• ___________sheath (vs. grass which is open)
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Sedge Family stem pattern
• _____ “lumpy nodes” (vs. grasses) • _____ lack edges; example with
round stems is Scripus sp.……aka bulrushes..but some
panicled bulrush
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Sedge Family key then…
• Sedges have ______ but grasseshave ______
• And look for “_____” stems
Squarrose sedge(Carex squarrosa)“squarrosa” is Latin for scruffy ...not 4-sided
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Rush Family
• TAXONICALLY: ___________perennial graminoids (herbs and forbs)
• Species include:slender rushflatleaved rushalpine rushpoverty rushslimpod rushcommon rush
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Rush Family patterns
• _______ stems. • Stem is ____ (vs. grass
which is hollow)• Flowers:
like ____… __ sepals __ petals __-parted stigma __-chambered ovary __-stamens (usually)
top down – cross-section
view
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Rush Family why lily like?
• The __ sepals, __ petals, 6 stamens pattern
• The difference, though: rush flowers are ______ and ______
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Cattail Family
• TAXONICALLY: _____________perennial herbs and forbs
• ____ a graminoid representative !• Species include:
broadleaf cattail (OH)narrow leaf cattail (OH)
southern cattail (not OH)
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Cattail Family
• ____ leaves & “_________________” appearance• Male & female
parts _____ flower—they wither after releasing pollen
_______ flower—this portion matures into familiar “cattail”
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Arrowhead Family
• TAXONICALLY: ________________perennial herbs and forbs
• _________ species!• Species include:
arrowheadwater plantain
burhead
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Arrowhead Family
• __ white petals• __ green sepals
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Arrowhead Family
• __ or more simple pistils• ____ or more stamens
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Arrowhead Family
• Leaves ______________• Leaves are _____• Considered a very
“__________” monocot
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Water Nymph Family
• TAXONICALLY: _____________perennial herbs and forbs
• _______ species! __________ submerged• Species include:
brittle water-nymphwater nymph
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Water Nymph Family
• Male (__________) and female (__________) flowers
• Leaves are _____ and ________• Leaf base: stipules or sheathed
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Pondweed Family
• TAXONICALLY: _________________perennial herbs and forbs
• _______species species! Fresh & Saltwater spp.• ________ and _________ leaves• Species include:
pondweed xeel grass
ditch grass
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Pondweed Family
• ___ pistils• __ stamens• _________= where sepals and
petals indistinguishable 1
2
3
4
eel
grass
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Duckweed Family
• TAXONICALLY: ______________perennial herbs and forbs
• __________ species• Includes world’s smallest flowering plant• Species include:
common duckweedgreater duckweedbogmatwater meal
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Duckweed Family
• Leaves & flowers “______”
• Roots “_____” from floating plant
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Duckweed Family
• Eaten by many bird and mammal species
• Easily “__________” as whole plants