learning how to lean – savio luiz
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LEARNING HOW TO LEAN
Savio Luiz Vieira - Brazil
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Three key topics
Focused and Diffuse mode of thinking.
Procrastination.
Techniques, tools, tips to help students learn
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Different ways of thinking
Did you know that we have two fundamentalways of thinking ??
The FOCUSED MODE and
The DIFFUSED MODE.
Our brain switch between these modes. It’s like a coin, we can’t see both sides at the
same time.
Nice isn’t it ? So let’s learn more about them.
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FOCUSED MODE
We could also call it as working mode or watch
mode.
We are very familiarized with this mode, right
now you are in this mode.
We are on focused mode when we study,
work, read a book, etc.
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Thinking modes - Explanation
Let’s use a analogy of the
game of pinball to help us to
learn about these two thinking
modes. Just think that the ball is your
thought and the rubber
bumpers are your neurons. And the ball path are your
synapses.
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Neurons, synapses and
neuromodulators - Concept
Neurons: It’s a basic structure of the brain and
the nervous system. They transmit information
using electrical and chemical signals. The
chemical produced by the neurons are calledNeuromodulators.
Synapses: They are structures that permit a
neuron to pass information to another neuronusing electrical or chemical signals. Neurons
communicate with each other through
synapses.
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ILUSTRATION
synapse
Neuron
Neuron
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Focused mode - Explanation
Your thought bounces
randomly between
neurons through
synapses. On focused
mode they are located
very close to each
other and the thoughtbounces a lot more to
travel between
neurons.
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DIFFUSED MODE
It’s a relaxed mode.
We are on diffused mode when we take a
shower, daydreaming, go for a walk without
any concerns, exercise, falling asleep etc.
On diffused mode you can see things broadly
and in a big picture perspective.
For example imagine you’re fixing leaks in theroof, you only see one leak at time, and who is
outside(big picture) see all your roof and can
tell you what is the problem causing the leaks.
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Diffused mode - Explanation
Your thought bounces randomly between
neurons through synapses. On focused
mode they are located very close to each
other and the thought bounces a lot moreto travel between neurons.
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Diffused mode - Explanation
We have a similar
structure here, but look
how spaced are the
rubber bumpers.
On diffused mode your
thought can travel far
and wide, and alsorecognize a lot more
thought patterns than
in focused mode.
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Diffused mode – Who does?
One of the biggest inventor
ever, according to legend
what he used to do is sit
relaxed in a chair, holding
ball bearing in his hand,then he relax away letting
his mind run free and if he
fell asleep, the ball
bearings would hit the
ground waking him up, sohe get all these ideas from
diffused mode into focused
mode to work on them.
Thomas
Edison
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Diffused mode – Who does?
Dalí’s have an interestingtechnique to help he comeup with fantastic ideas ofhis surrealistic painting.He’d sit relaxing in a chair,
letting his mind run free,often vaguely thinkingabout he was previouslybeen focusing on, he havea key in his hand, and if he
fell asleep the clatter wouldwake him up, just in time tocome up with all thoseideas and connectionswhile in diffused mode.
Salvador Dalí
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One of Salvador Dalí’s paintings
Amazing
isn’t it ?!
All this
done withthe
diffuse
mode of
thinking.
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Procrastination – What is
Let’s take a look on what procrastination is.
“Procrastination is the practice of carrying
out less urgent tasks in preference to more
urgent ones, or doing more pleasurable thingsin place of less pleasurable ones, and thus
putting off impending tasks to a later time,
sometimes to the "last minute" before the
deadline.”(Wikipedia 2015)
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Procrastination - Why
Why we procrastinate ?
There is a lot of reasons and some are in factgood, but not the most.
When you really don’t want to do something, itseems that your brain associate it with pain. Thenyour smart brain looks a way to stop or preventthat pain and switch your attention to somethingelse more pleasant and enjoyable.
And in the last minutes we start working on it,because it will cause more pain not doing it thando it, and because off the deadline you can’t procrastinate anymore
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Procrastination – Getting rid of it
Here I present you a powerful and might tool ThePomodoro Technique.
Basically you set a timer of 25 min, turn off allinterruptions and FOCUS, go to bathroom, eat,call someone etc. before you start a pomodoro.Then you give yourself a 5 min reward or relaxingtime.
When you completed 4 pomodoros you can take abreak of 15-20min and take care of theinterruptions you avoided before.
See the full manual of pomodoro technique here.
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Procrastination – Tacking it
Before sleep do a mental list of thing you want orhave to do tomorrow.
Keep a list of task with deadline and a list of to dotoday.
Focus on the process not the product. When wefocus con product, a assessment done, your brainthinks “here comes the pain”, and you know whathappens then. The key is focus on the process,because our brain is process oriented, so if youfocus on doing one page or writing or doing it for 6pomodoros, for example, it will be stress free andyou won’t be misdirected.
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Techniques, tools and tips
The fist tool we’ve learned was the pomodoro
technique.
You can download programs like Tomight for
pc, Pomodroid for android and other to yourmobile or computer to effectively use the
pomodoro technique.
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Techniques
Break: Take a break between your study
sessions. Program them before their time. So
your brain can do its work while you are
relaxing. Sleep: It’s essential to your learning as much
as studying. While you sleep your brain
washes away all the toxins, letting the house
clean and fresh for learning.
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Techniques
Exercise: Helps you wash away the toxins of yourbody and it’s another way of entering the diffusemode. Healthy mind and healthy body.
Cornell Notes: The Cornell method provides asystematic format for condensing and organizingnotes. The student divides the paper into twocolumns: the note-taking column (usually on theright) is twice the size of the questions/key word
column (on the left). The student should leave fiveto seven lines, or about two inches, at the bottomof the page. See more here.
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Tips
The holy triad: In order to be illuminated – accomplish your studding goals – you need everyday, I’ll say It again so remember every day!, bitby bit SES- Study, exercise and sleep. That’s your
holy triad. You just can’t win a muscle competition just by
working out on the last days, don’t fool yourself. And so it is with you brain, research has found
that studying 10 min for a couple days is betterthen studying one hour. Remember practicesmakes perfect.
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Tips
Will power : Don’t waste your will power on
procrastination. It uses a lot of neural
resources. You must not waste will power on
fending off procrastination. It won’t last foreverand motivation will get each time more difficult.
Focus on the process as misdirect your brain
procrastination misdirection.
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Bonus - Motivation
I would like to introduce youScott Young, the “Marco Polo” of learning.
This guy completed his MIT
bachelors degree in 1 year,instead of 4 years, withouttaking any classes. Only withbooks and online material.
Now his challenge is lean 4
languages in one year(oneper three months.).
How he does that ?? Learnmore about on his blog here.
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Bonus – Remembering notes
One session study = Short Term Memory.
Spaced repetition or many sessions of study =
Long Term Memory.
Practices a little every day. You can useflashcards and recalling, those are one of the
greatest learning techniques. You will
remember easily de details by having a solidthought pattern.
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IMAGE CREDITS
Scott Young, photografy – Brainscape at https://www.brainscape.com/blog/2011/08/scott-
learn-study-less/
Level of procrastination © Chibird, 2013 at
http://chibird.com/post/45552019098/procrastinating-all-day-every-day-8d
Pinball machine, image © Kevin Mendez, 2014.
Focused and diffuse thinking, image © Kevin Mendez, 2014. Zombie ©Kevin Mendez, 2014.
Neuron and Synapse. At http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron (Accessed on 27 Jan 2015)
Thomas Edison, courtesy U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Thomas
Edison National Historical Park
Salvador Dalí with ocelot and cane, 1965; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
File:Salvador_Dali_NYWTS.jpg From the Library of Congress. New York World- Telegram& Sun collection. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3c14985; Author: Roger Higgins, World
Telegram staff photographer; no copyright restriction known. Staff photographer
reproduction rights transferred to Library of Congress through Instrument of Gift.
Salvador Dalí’s paintings - 25 Famous Salvador Dali Paintings - Surreal and Optical
illusion Paintings. At: http://webneel.com/salvador-dali-famous-surreal-optical-illusion-
paintings (Accessed on 27 Jan 2015 )
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REFERENCES
Cirillo, Francesco. "The Pomodoro Technique (The Pomodoro)". Retrieved
11 November 2013.
Pauk, Walter; Owens, Ross J. Q. (2010) [1962], How to Study in College
(10 ed.), Cengage Learning, ISBN 978-1-4390-8446-5
Cornell Notes, by Pauk, Walter - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornell_Notes
Dr. Barbara Oakley, Coursera Course “Learning How To Learn”, January
2015.
Dr. Terrence Sejnowski, Coursera Course “Learning How To Learn January
2015.
Young, Scoot – Get More from life blog – at
http://www.scotthyoung.com/blog/