le gnl comme carburant pour les navires développement du
TRANSCRIPT
Le GNL comme carburant pour les navires Développement du Code IGF
Septembre 2012
Jacques Desdouits [email protected]
2 IGF Code - September 2012
History: engines burning gas on ships
► 2000: Glutra
► 2006: first LNG carriers using dual fuel engines
► 2012: - LNG carriers - 28 Norwegian ships (ferries, off-shore vessel, patrol ship) - Chemical carrier (Bit Viking) - Sweden
Glutra
3 IGF Code - September 2012
Rules and regulations
► SOLAS: flash point of the fuel must be above 60°C
► One exception: LNG carriers can burn cargo boil-off vapours
► A specific regulatory frame is necessary for ships that are not concerned by IGC Code
► December 2004: Guidelines are proposed to IMO by Norway: based on the first ships experience
4 IGF Code - September 2012
Rules and regulations
► June 2009: MSC.285(86) Resolution is published by IMO Interim Guidelines on the safety for Natural gas-fuelled engine installation in ships.
Those Guidelines apply to ships other than LNG carriers and are not mandatory.
► IMO correspondence group starts working on a specific Code in 2009 [Sub-Committee on Bulk Liquids and Gases (BLG)].
► France: Bureau Veritas – Cryostar – GTT – STX - Gazocean and the French Administration
► IACS correspondence group in charge of following IMO work up
5 IGF Code - September 2012
Scope of IGF Code (International Gas of Safety for ships using gases or other low flash point fuels)
► Intended to address:
Mainly Natural Gas
Other gases (LPG)
Low flash point fuels (FP < 60°C)
• Methanol – ethanol – hydrogen – synthetic fuels
Storage: liquid or compressed
All energy converters types:
• Low and high pressure internal combustion engines, gas turbines, boilers, fuel cells
6 IGF Code - September 2012
IGF Code - schedule
► Deadline for the submission of the final draft to IMO: delayed to BLG 17: February 2013
► Application : SOLAS 2014
► MSC.285(86) should be revoked
► Report: October 2012 for submission ~ early November
7 IGF Code - September 2012
Main technical issues: tank types
► Any containment systems can be accepted provided that the requirements of IGC Code are met. Including:
Independent tanks Type A (complete secondary barrier)
Independent tanks Type B (partial secondary barrier)
Independent tanks Type C (pressure vessel)
Membrane type tanks (complete secondary barrier) – BLG 15
► Portable tanks for use as bunker tanks or for refuelling
Can be accepted – BLG 16
Containers and trucks
8 IGF Code - September 2012
Main technical issues: ESD concept
► Arrangement of gas plant in machinery spaces : 2 possible solutions
Gas safe machinery spaces : double walled piping system and monitoring of the primary barrier integrity
ESD protected machinery spaces: protected by means of gas detection and de-energization of all equipment that are not suitable for hazardous areas zone 1.
► Sensitive matter
“ESD concept” is not allowed for gas carriers (IGC Code revision)
Always a controversial issue
► Terms of reference
the correspondence group established at BLG 14 was instructed to consider possible limitations to the application of the ESD concept
9 IGF Code - September 2012
Main technical issues: Tank location - distance from the hull
► MSC.285(86) and BV NR529
Passenger ships: B/5
Other ships: 760 mm
► IGF Code correspondence group
Not yet finalized
Should be discussed during next session of BLG Sub-Committee
10 IGF Code - September 2012
Tank location: distance from the hull Application to a cargo ship - tendencies
► Location of the tank closer than B/5 from the ship side
Should be allowed
Up to now, all tank types (membrane, independent tanks) are considered in the same way
Up to now, not dependent of the proximity of accommodation
High probability that a collision study or similar approach is necessary for acceptance on a cargo ship
► Attention is to be paid to the next discussions within the CG
11 IGF Code - September 2012
Main technical issues: Tank location - gas fuel tanks below accommodation
► Gas carriers: cargo area separated from accommodations
► Location of the tanks below accommodations is not forbidden by MSC.285(86)
► One of the most controversial issue within the industry
► Quite necessary for some projects
passenger ships
ferries
12 IGF Code - September 2012
Tank location: gas fuel tanks below accommodation Bureau Veritas approach
► Bureau Veritas approach
Flexibility
Additional risks must be identified and properly addressed
► Risks
Leakage from cargo tank or fuel gas system leading to explosive atmosphere
• In the tank storage room
• In the accommodations
Leakage (cargo tank or fuel gas system) leading to ship structure failure
Fire / explosion
► Bureau Veritas promotes Hazid (Hazard Identification) techniques
13 IGF Code - September 2012
►Hazard Risk ranking Recommendations Responsibilities ►Hazard Risk ranking Recommendations ►Hazard Risk ranking
HAZID
LNG Bunkering
Cargo Operations
Sea Going Operations
Operations considered essential to LNG propulsion and power generation
►Hazard
Areas considered essential to LNG propulsion and power generation
LNG Bunkering Station
LNG Fuel Tanks
Fuel Gas Supply room
Passage ways
Engine Room
Vent Mast
14 IGF Code - September 2012
Main technical issues: tanks arrangement – gas only installations
► Number of tanks
MSC.285(86) §2.6.2.3 and §2.6.3.2:
“For single fuel installations (gas only), the fuel storage should be divided between two or more tanks of approximately equal size. The tanks should be located in separate compartments.”
Question : for single gas fuel installations, would only one type C tank be acceptable if a full redundancy of transfer / vaporization system is provided?
15 IGF Code - September 2012
Main technical issues: Hazardous areas
► MSC.285(86): Definition and size of the hazardous areas are different from what is required for gas carriers
► Rules developed for ships with small quantities of gas (a few hundreds of cubic metres)
► IGF Code addresses all sizes of installations and there is a great diversity of projects
Hundreds of m3
Thousands of m3
Tens or hundreds of litres (small fuel cells)
► Application of IEC standard for tankers (IEC 60092-502)
Would be reasonable above a certain quantity (500 m3 ? 1000 m3 ? other ?)
Would be out of proportion for small installations or small ships
16 IGF Code - September 2012
Bunkering
► IGF Code does not cover operational aspects of the LNG bunkering nor equipment that are not permanently fixed on the gas-fuelled ship
BLG 14: « only the part of the operation related to the ship itself is within the scope of IMO’s work »
ISO standard under development (ISO TC67/WG10)
► Bunkering principles
Trucks or gas station
Barge or supply LNG-carrier and ship-to-ship transfer
Portable tanks : it is proposed to define bunkering as follows: “bunkering” = connection of the tank to the fixed piping system
Flexibles hoses or loading arms
► Simultaneous operations (cargo or passengers)
17 IGF Code - September 2012
Training - qualification
► Crew assistance of the IMO Sub-Committee on Standards of Training and Watchkeeping (STW)
► Other persons on board
18 IGF Code - September 2012
Projects
► Large Container ships (Type B tanks, membrane tanks)
►Small container ships (containerized tanks)
► Ferries (portable tanks)
►Cruise ships (independent type C tanks)
► Fishing vessels (compressed natural gas)
► Tankers (Deck tank)
► Tugs / pushers (independent type C tanks)
►Gas carriers (LPG carriers + additional LNG tank)
►…
► + bunker ships