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was on fire, as indeed it was in all parts of the country' (Plomley 1987: 405). Fires weremainly lit to maintain pathways through dense scrub, to increase the fertility of the land,to drive game and quite probably as a smoke screen to hide behind or to warn off orconfuse intruders.

No specific references to the occupation of the region by Bun wurrung people were foundduring the background research carried out for this assessment. However, it is possiblethat such evidence may exist in unpublished historical sources. A review of unpublishedsources was beyond the scope of this project. The Bun wurrung people still stronglyidentify attachments to nearby Point Nepean (Williamson 2008: 59). They arerepresented by the Bunurong Land Council Aboriginal Corporation and the Boon wurrungFoundation Ltd, who regard themselves as the traditional owners and custodians of thisarea.

rms and Gc ,morphology of the Study Area

This section includes information about the geomorphological context of the Study Areabecause of the crucial role natural processes play in influencing archaeological deposits.Previous geomorphological events and corresponding soil profiles are of interest toarchaeologists because their order of superposition, depth, age, geo−chemistry andformation processes have an important bearing on the preservation, spatial integrity andage of archaeological deposits that may be associated with them.

The Study Area lies on the north east coast of Port Phillip Bay. Port Phillip Bay is a marineembayment that has regularly become inundated during sea level rises over the last 30million years. The present form of Port Phillip Bay became established around 6,000 yearsago during the most recent sea level rise which flooded the Port Phillip basin. At Brightonthe bay backs onto a gently undulating coastal plain comprised of Tertiary (Neogene)sediments including sand, silt, clay and minor gravel (Bird 1993, 124, 126; Jenkin 1976,Figure 9.4, Vandenberg, 1997), however the Study Area predominantly comprisesrecently formed sandy surfaces.

Port Phillip Bay backs onto a gently undulating coastal plain. The Study Area is situatedwithin the Eastern Plains in the geomorphic unit known as Sunklands coastal plains withridges and dunefields. The geology of the Study Area consists of Tertiary (Neogene)deposits known as Brighton Group. These sedimentary fluvial deposits generally comprisea layer of sand of variable thickness. The low parallel northwest trending dune ridges thatlie parallel to the present coastline are believed to represent stranded Tertiary duneridges or former coastlines. The underlying geology of the wider area comprises Holocene(Quaternary) deposits of unnamed coastal dune formations to areas the north andQuaternary deposits of unnamed swamp and lake formation to the east.

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The Study Area is flat and has sustained ground disturbance caused by a number ofprocesses, including a complete clearance of natural vegetation and impacts associatedwith subdivision and residential development of the Study Area, and adjacent properties.

The implications for the archaeology of the Study Area are that any cultural materialformerly existing within the Study Area is likely to have been completely destroyed.

Resources Avai )1e to Al t i n & People xn :he Study Area

Prior to European settlement, the Study Area and surrounding land would have offered anumber of resources such as plants and animals that could have been utilised by thetraditional Indigenous owner.

C ite

Temperature averages at Parkdale indicate a cold to hot maximum average of 6.8°C inJuly to 22.9°C in February. Minimum average temperatures throughout the year rangefrom 6.8°C in July to 13.9°C in February. The annual average rainfall for the area is687mm. These climate conditions would have placed no restrictions on Indigenous orEuropean occupation of the area (LCC 1991).

Water Sources

Sources of fresh water would not have been available within the Study Area; the nearestwater source is Elster Creek 6.2km northeast, and other large wetlands that existed nearthe intersection of the Nepean Highway and Charman Road at Highett, approximately3km northeast of the Study Area. There would have been numerous other wetlands andephemeral watercourses between the swales of the dunes (Rhodes 2007).

Desc ion of Existing I Pre− I ct Vegetation

The pre 1750 vegetation communities that existed align with the sand dunes in the regionthat run northwest to southeast. Along the crests of the sand dunes in the south and westof the Study Area was a Heathy Woodland/Sand Heathland Mosaic (EVC 892). In theswales between the dunes, which were poorly drained a wetter plant communitydeveloped − grassy woodland/damp sands herb−rich woodland developed (EVC 719).These would have been dominated by species such as River Red Gum (Eucalyptuscamaldulensis) and Manna Gum (Eucalyptus viminalis).

The understorey is dominated by prickly−leaved shrubs, including Heath Tea−tree(Leptospermum myrsinoides), Prickly Tea−tree Leptospermum continentale), CommonHeath (Epacris impressa), Showy Bossiaea (Bossiaea cinerea), Broom Spurge (Ampereaxiphoclada var. xiphoclada), Silver Banksia (Banksia marginata) and Prickly Broom−heath(Monotoca scoparia) (Oates & Taranto, 2001).

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The ground layer can include Wattle Mat−rush (Lomandra filiformis), Spiny−headedMat−rush(Lomandra longifolia), Common Raspwort (Gonocarpus tetragynus), Ivy−leaf Violet

(Viola hederacea subsp. Hederacea), Common Bottle−daisy (Lagenophora stipitata) andTall Sundew (Drosera peltata subsp. Auriculata) (Oates & Taranto, 2001). Grasses andherbs are often absent (Oates & Taranto, 2001).

The existing vegetation of the Study Area bears no resemblance to the description ofabove. The front lawn area of each property is characterised by grass coverage and smallformal gardens with introduced species of vegetation. The rear lawn areas arecharacterised by dense grass coverage and a number of introduced species of vegetation.No remnant native vegetation remains within the Study Area.

Fire is also likely to have played a role in changing the landscape, but it is difficult to beprecise. Early accounts provide direct evidence that Aboriginal people occupied and burntthe area, but how frequently, intensely and extensively burning took place is unknown,although we can presume that fire was at least sometimes used deliberately in responseto seasonal cues (Gott 2005). The effects of fire on woodlands and forests have beenstudied (e.g. Gent & Morgan 2007, Moxham & Turner 2008 in review). For woodlands ofBanksia integrifolia subsp. Integrifolia (on the Mornington Peninsula, nearby at Somers),Gent and Morgan (2007) found that the long−term absence of fire may result in atransition to a more open, grassy community. In coastal woodland and forestcommunities dominated by Allocasuarina verticillata, this species is favoured by lowintensity fires, (Kirkpatrick1986) and its predominance may indicate a long−term lack offire (Withers 1979). In some other systems, low intensity fires may maintain an openwoodland structure, with a canopy of species intolerant of intense fires (Chesterfield1986, Lunt 1998). Given the Peninsula was burnt to some degree; we suggest that thepresence of extensive Allocasuarina woodlands suggest that the fires were of lowintensity. This view is consistent with the presence of some fire−sensitive elements in theflora.

This is supported by Benson and Redpath (1997), who examined the available historicaland current literature and rejected the notion that in south−eastern Australia Aboriginalpeople regularly burnt the landscape more than every few years. Fire was perhaps usedmore extensively by the early pastora lists both to clear land and promote green pick (Gill1981). Massive burning−off following land−clearing and soil disturbance may havecontributed to Leptospermum laevigatum proliferation, as suggested by others (Head1988, Mooney et al. 2001). More subtle changes in disturbance regimes probably alsoplayed a role; biomass removal and soil disturbance not only occur with fire but herbivoregrazing as well. Native ground−dwelling mammals and emus were once plentiful on theNepean Peninsula (likely including Eastern Grey Kangaroo, Long−nosed Bandicoot, BlackWallaby, Shortbeaked Echidna, White−footed Dunnart (McBride 1898, Menkhorst 1995).Their activities would inevitably have disturbed the soil and influenced seedling and shrubsurvival.

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There are a number of plant species that would have been present in the Study Area thatwere likely to have been utilised by Indigenous people such as; Coast Sword−sedge(Lepidosperma gladiatum); Common Tussock−grass (Poa labillardierei); CoastTussock−grass

(Poa poiformis); Drooping Sheoak (Allocasuarina verticillata); Coast Beard−heath(Leucopogon parviflorus); and Moonah (Melaleuca lanceolata).

Information on Fauna of the Study Area

Birds, such as emu and bustards, were also eaten, as were bird eggs. Birds were caughtwith throwing sticks or in traps. Fish and eels were important resources and were spearedin rivers or caught in nets (Thomas cited in Sullivan 1981: 24). Although use of the hookand line was observed, it is likely that this was a practice resulting from contact withsealers (Sullivan 1981: 24).

Shellfish gathering was observed by Thomas in Port Phillip Bay, near Melbourne, when hereported that a group of women went at least three times a week to collect shellfish(Thomas cited in Sullivan 1981: 25). Cockle and mussel shells were observed in Aboriginalhuts on the Peninsula. Rough waves pound the Bass Strait coastline of the NepeanPeninsula, particularly during winter, and this may have made the collection of shellfishdifficult at this time of year and restricted activities to the warmer months (Sullivan 1981:8). Thomas also observed shellfish being collected by women diving in creeks and rivers(Thomas cited in Sullivan 1981: 28).

Plant foods were extensively exploited and included berries, fungi, roots, tubers, bulbs,leaves, and pith from fleshy plants, seeds and sap. Gum was also collected from thewattle and stored in known locations for seasons when food was less abundant (Thomascited in Sullivan 1981: 25).

Spillane (1974) says that at the time [Lt Col] Collins arrived [in the district in 1803],traditional sources of food would have been in abundance for the 'Bunurong' people,"including emus, kangaroos and lots of sea food.

A number of animals would have been present within the Study Area and are likely tohave been hunted by traditional owners. These include the Eastern Grey Kangaroo(Macropus giganteus), Common Brushtail Possum (Trichosurus vulpecula), CommonRingtail Possum (Pseudocherin us peregrinus), Short Beaked Echidna (Tachyglossusaculeatus) and the Wombat (Vomatus Ursinus). Birds, bird eggs and reptiles may havealso been utilised.

Stone Resources

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No stone resources and outcrops suitable for the manufacture of stone tools are foundwithin the Study Area. Chert, silcrete and quartz are available inland on the MorningtonPeninsula, while marine flint is commonly found on beaches as large nodules washedashore from an unknown source on the Bass Strait ocean floor. George McCrae recountedfinding outcrops of milky quartz and quartz crystals 'several inches in length' in thesouthern− facing gullies on the southern Mornington Peninsula in the 1840s and 1850s(McCrae 1911: 20). Locally available robust and sharpened shell edges may have beenused for some cutting functions and calcarenite may serve as an abrasive, pounder or asa grinding stone. Ochre used for decorating objects and for body paint was reputed byProtector Thomas to have been obtained from an unknown source near Mount Eliza(Thomas cited in Sullivan 1981: 9).

Flakeable stone from which to make tools was available within the surrounding region.Reef quartz may have been quarried from areas on the Mornington Peninsula, includingDevil bend Creek (Ellender 1991:10), where sedimentary deposits interface with intrusivevolcanics (granite). Chert could be found at Devilbend. Sandstone and slate could befound at Baxter on the Mornington Peninsula (Weaver 1992). Marine flint in the form ofnodules is found washed up along the Bass Strait coastline (Sullivan 1981:9−10).

Land use history

This section contains a brief synthesis of available local historical records concerning theParkdale and the broader area.

In 1837 Governor Bourke arrived in Melbourne to supervise the surveying work of RobertNoddle and authorised the first land sales in Melbourne. Land was sold at very low prices,attracting attention from speculators from Sydney and Tasmania.

Parkdale was founded in 1920, and named for early homesteader William Parker whenengineers decided to build a railway station alongside a cluster of five bayside shops

One of the notable characteristics of the nearby shoreline is Red Bluff. The bluff's namecomes from the oxidised iron in the cliffs which gives off a burnt orange colour. Either sideof Red Bluff are many popular beaches and seaside destinations, including Half Moon Bay.Half Moon Bay had been setting for yachting since the 1890s, and a branch of the BrightonYacht Club formed the Black Rock Yacht Club in 1919. A rock breakwater was constructedand in 1926 the hull of the colonial naval vessel HMVS Cerberus was added to furtherprotect the boat haven.

European settlement would have significantly impacted on Aboriginal archaeological sitesin the Study Area. Past land use together with the clearing of the original vegetationmeans that any surface lithic/shell site would now retain little spatial or temporal integrityand as such have reduced scientific significance.

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Specific Land Use History

The land use history of the Study Area shows that the property has been subject tosignificant ground disturbance which included the construction of the existing house,associated buildings and infrastructure which have most likely caused severe grounddisturbance.

3.2 Conclusions of Desktop Ass mt and Site Prec on

The desktop assessment of the Study Area has allowed a site prediction model to bedeveloped. A site prediction model is intended to be used as a guideline to designing thefield survey and as an indication of the types of archaeological sites that may occur in agiven area. The site prediction model is tested against the results of the field survey andsub−surface testing. It is possible to produce a generalised site prediction model for theStudy Area based on other archaeological assessments carried out in the region and onsome historical information about the use of the land by Bun wurrung people in the past.

A review of the environmental data relevant to human settlement and the ethnographicand archaeological data relevant to the local area has indicated that:

• There are no registered Aboriginal Places located in the Study Area;

• There has been no previous archaeological assessment of the Study Area;

• Previous archaeological assessments in the region have indicated that Aboriginalarchaeological sites within the region are likely to be located on high ground(sandy dunes) adjacent to the coastline. Sites are more likely to be situated on thecrests and upper slopes of the sand dunes;

• Previous archaeological assessments in the urbanised areas of Melbourne fromBrighton to Sorrento have not located any Aboriginal Places other than disturbedisolated artefacts;

• There would have been a range of plant, animal and mineral resources availablefor Indigenous people living in, or in the region of, the Study Area;

• Artefact scatters and shell middens are the most likely predominant site types;

• The Study Area was most likely subject to both burning episodes prior to Europeansettlement and after; for lime kilns and timber. The latter in particular would havehad a significant effect on the soils. Early accounts provide direct evidence thatAboriginal people occupied and burnt the area. This may have resulted in atransition to a more open, grassy community. In coastal woodland and forest

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communities dominated by Allocasuarina verticillata, this species is favoured bylow intensity fires. Fire was perhaps used more extensively by the earlypastoralists both to clear land and promote green pick (Gill 1981). Massiveburning−off following land−clearing and soil disturbance may have contributed toLeptospermum laevigatum proliferation. Thus any surface sites existing at thetime are likely to have been highly disturbed and distributed.).

• There exists very little potential for surface or sub−surface archaeological depositsin the Study Area due to the very high degree of disturbance undertaken withinthe Study Area;

• The existing vegetation of the Study Area bears no resemblance to the descriptionof above. The small front lawn area of each property is characterised by densegrass coverage and formal gardens with introduced species of vegetation. Thesmall rear lawn areas are characterised by dense grass coverage and a number ofintroduced species of vegetation. No remnant native vegetation remains withinthe Study Area.

The limited previous archaeological work in the broader activity region has demonstrateda pattern of archaeological site distribution associated with the coastal margin, creeksand waterways. The archaeology of these areas is characterised by shell deposits, diffusesurface scatters or isolated occurrences of stone artefacts, though underlying stratifiedlayers of cultural material may be preserved in association with palaeosols or buried landsurfaces especially in sand dunes and sand sheets.

Recent archaeological assessments and CHMPs conducted on small urban lots inestablished residential areas from Brighton to Sorrento have revealed that extensivedestruction of prior sand dune landforms that has occurred in the recent past due toresidential subdivision. Indeed, all of the CHMPs (Chamberlain and Myers 2008, Albrecht2009, Anderson and Kiddell 2009, Mitchell 2009, Mitchell and Lou izou 2009a and Stevenset al 2009, Barker 2010 a−b, Feldman 2011, Barker 2012) prepared in areas that have beensubject to intensive residential/industrial development have failed to find any evidenceof Aboriginal cultural heritage other than isolated artefacts in highly disturbed contexts(Mitchell and Louizou 2009b) and have indicated that their respective Activity Areas havebeen subject to significant ground disturbance. However, as Sullivan (1981) points out,this is likely to be related to intensive residential development destroying Aboriginalarchaeological sites, rather than as an indication of the intensity of past Indigenoussettlement in one particular location (Sullivan 1981: 87).

A site prediction model is intended to be used as a guideline to designing the field surveyand as an indication of the types of archaeological sites which may occur in a given area.The site prediction model is tested against the results of the field survey.

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(1) There is a very low possibility that Indigenous archaeological sites will occurwithin the Study Area due to the impact of 180 years of European settlement,vegetation clearance, levelling for residential subdivision, house construction andthe general development of a highly urbanised environment;

(2) Prior development and urbanisation would have resulted in the destruction ofany Aboriginal archaeological sites on the surface of the property and extensivedisturbance to any buried cultural deposits. Any remaining cultural material islikely to be highly disturbed and of no cultural or scientific value.

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4.0 Report on the Results of the Site Inspection

This section contains the results of the site inspection.

4. ' Method() ogy for Site li action

A site inspection is a surface archaeological survey. This may locate evidence of surfacesites but will not necessarily find buried archaeological deposits. The methodology for thesite inspection is informed by the desktop assessment and the site prediction model.

The field survey was carried out by Matthew Barker over a one hour period. The groundsurface covering the entire Study Area was inspected during the survey.

Surface survey was employed at all Study Area locations in the first instance in order to:

• Identify any surface evidence of cultural heritage sites;• Identify areas of potential sensitivity for sub−surface deposits of Indigenous

cultural material.

The method of inspection involved walking regularly spaced transects, which were 2metres apart, across the entire Study Area until the entire area was covered, starting atthe northern end of the Study Area and proceeding south. Areas in which there was bareground surface exposure were inspected closely. Areas of high ground surface visibilityincluded soil at the base of the shrubs. The general percentage (%) of ground surfacevisibility was recorded throughout the Study Area. All evidence of prior grounddisturbance was also recorded. A range pole(s) with increments of 20cm was included inall photographs.

The survey started adjacent to the rear of the premises and examined all areas. Areas inwhich there was bare ground surface exposure (if any) were inspected closely. Thegeneral percentage (%) of ground surface visibility was recorded throughout the StudyArea. All evidence of prior ground disturbance was also recorded. A range pole(s) withincrements of 20cm was included in all photographs (see Table 1).

Area Surveyed

The site inspection was conducted by Matthew Barker on the 20th of February 2015.

The entire area surveyed had poor ground surface visibility. At 17 Mclndoe Parade themajority of the Study Area comprised a large house situated in the south of the property,a concrete driveway, shedding in the northwest corner and several paved areas (Plates1−5).

The gardens are landscaped with several exotic tree plantings. The property is servicedby underground infrastructure including water, sewage, power etc).

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Ground Surface Visibil ty am Other Constraint r ield Survey

Effective survey coverage is an estimate of the amount of bare ground surface visible tothe naked eye during a field survey, as opposed to the actual area of land that wasinspected. It is used as an indication of the constraints that poor ground surface visibilitycan have on the results of an archaeological survey. Poor ground surface visibility, usuallydue to dense vegetation cover, can obscure cultural materials present at archaeologicalsites which means that the probability of locating any surface remains is significantlyreduced.

The ground surface visibility was very poor (less than 10%) owing to the constructedinfrastructure and dense grass coverage (see Table 1). The soil exposed at the base of thetrees; where exposed, was grey brown sandy loam.

4.2 Survey Results

No Indigenous archaeological sites were identified within the Study Area during the fieldinvestigation (this includes artefact scatters, scarred trees or rock shelters).

The absence of any evidence for Indigenous cultural sites may be due to the Study Areahaving incurred recent significant ground disturbance, including the clearance of nativevegetation, the construction of the existing structures, shedding and associatedinfrastructure.

The site inspection (surface survey) has determined that it is unlikely that the proposedactivities will impact on any Aboriginal cultural heritage sites within the Study Area.

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Table 1 Study Area: Photos of the Existing Conditions,

Plate 1: Viewof frontgarden andgraveldriveway of17 MclndoeParade(M. Barker20/2/15),facingnorthwest.

Plate 2: Viewof frontgarden andpaving torear garden20/2/15),facingnorthwest.

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Plate 3: Viewof pavingand smallfront garden20/2/15),facing north.

Plate 4: Viewof rear of 17MclndoeParadeshowingpaved areaand densegrass andexotic trees20/2/15),facingsoutheast.

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Plate 5:View of levelgrassed areaandshedding (M.Barker20/2/15),facingnortheast.

Condo: )ns

The site inspection has determined that there is no requirement to undertake a CulturalHeritage Management Plan (CHMP). This is because it is considered the land comprising17 Mclndoe Parade, Parkdale meets the criteria for significant ground disturbance:

This is due to the considerable post−contact land disturbance including the following:

1: Initial land clearance which causes severe ground disturbance to remove tree stumpsetc;

2: Levelling of the dune systems which would have occurred during the development ofthe urban environment. The property and surrounding area are completely flat andtherefore not natural. The ground surface prior to residential subdivision would havebeen undulating and levelled by machine to facilitate development;

3: Construction of the existing structures and associated infrastructure which in this caseis argued to be clear evidence of recent 'significant ground disturbance' as strictlydefined— i.e. disturbance of topsoil by machinery in the course of grading or excavationetc.

The limited previous archaeological work in the broader activity region has demonstrateda pattern of archaeological site distribution associated with the coastal margin, creeksand waterways. The archaeology of these areas is characterised by shell deposits, diffusesurface scatters or isolated occurrences of stone artefacts, though underlying stratified

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layers of cultural material may be preserved in association with palaeosols or buried landsurfaces especially in sand dunes and sand sheets.

Recent archaeological assessments and CHMPs conducted on small urban lots inestablished residential areas from Brighton to Sorrento have revealed that extensivedestruction of prior sand dune landforms that has occurred in the recent past due toresidential subdivision. Indeed, all of the CHMPs (Chamberlain and Myers 2008, Albrecht2009, Anderson and Kiddell 2009, Mitchell 2009, Mitchell and Louizou 2009a and Stevenset al 2009, Barker 2010 a−b, Feldman 2011, Barker 2012) prepared in areas that have beensubject to intensive residential/industrial development have failed to find any evidenceof Aboriginal cultural heritage other than isolated artefacts in highly disturbed contexts(Mitchell and Louizou 2009b) and have indicated that their respective Activity Areas havebeen subject to significant ground disturbance. However, as Sullivan (1981) points out,this is likely to be related to intensive residential development destroying Aboriginalarchaeological sites, rather than as an indication of the intensity of past Indigenoussettlement in one particular location (Sullivan 1981: 87).

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5.0 Recommendations

Section 3(a) of the Aboriginal Heritage Act (2006) states that the principal objective of thelegislation is to, protect and conserve Aboriginal cultural heritage in Victoria. NoAboriginal cultural has been identified in the Study Area, as such it is foreseen that theActivity can proceed with no impact to known Indigenous cultural heritage. No furtherarchaeological investigations are recommended for the Study Area. It is recommendedthat the Activity be allowed to proceed and that no impacts to Aboriginal culturalrecognise heritage will occur.

No Aboriginal cultural heritage was identified within the Study Area and it is consideredunlikely that additional Aboriginal cultural heritage is located within the Study Area.Therefore, there is no potential for the activity to harm any known Aboriginal culturalheritage.

Following an analysis of data collected it is considered highly likely that the property hasundergone significant ground disturbance as a result of excavation, construction andlevelling works.

Under Section 6 of the Aboriginal Heritage Regulations 2007, the preparation of amandatory Cultural Heritage Management Plan (CHMP) is required if:

(c) all or part of the Study Area for the activity is an area of cultural heritagesensitivity; and;

(d) all or part of the activity is a high impact activity. The Study Area is located in anarea of cultural heritage sensitivity as defined in the Aboriginal HeritageRegulations 2007.

The area of Cultural Heritage sensitivity defined in the Regulations is, in this case, an areaof land within 200 metres of the high water mark (Section 28).

The proposed activity is a high impact activity (Aboriginal Heritage Regulations 2007,Divisionl, 6(b). The proposed activity is a high impact activity as Subdivision of Land(Section 46):

The subdivision of land into three or more lots is a high impact activity if the planningscheme that applies to the Study Area in which the land to be subdivided is locatedprovides that at least three of the lots may be used for a dwelling or may be used for adwelling subject to the grant of a permit; and the area of each of at least three of the lotsis less than eight hectares.

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However, if part of an area of cultural sensitivity has been subject to significant grounddisturbance, that part is not an area of cultural heritage sensitivity.

Significant ground disturbance means:

Disturbance of —

(a) the topsoil or surface rock layer of the ground; or (b) a waterway —by machinery in the course of grading, excavating, digging, dredging or deep ripping, butdoes not include ploughing other than deep ripping.

The Study Area is located within an existing residential subdivision which was constructedat least as early as the 1930s. The existing dwellings and associated structures located inthe Study Area occupy approximately 80% of the property. The balance of the Study Areahas been disturbed by vegetation clearance and has been levelled to provide flat buildingsurfaces. The property is connected to water, sewage, electricity andtelecommunications networks all of which require excavation of up to 2m in depth.

The following statements can be made from the results of the desktop assessment andarchaeological survey:

(a) There are no Aboriginal archaeological sites located on the property;(b) The property and land surrounding the property have demonstrably undergoneresidential subdivision and the removal of, or extensive disturbance to, the topsoil,caused by the use of machinery which constitutes significant ground disturbance asdefined in the Aboriginal Heritage Regulations 2007. This would have resulted in thedestruction of any Aboriginal archaeological sites on the surface of the property andextensive disturbance to any buried cultural deposits;(c) The removal of the topsoil and land clearance would have resulted in the removal ofany Aboriginal archaeological sites had they been present;(d) There are no eucalypts on the property; and(e) Previous archaeological investigations indicate that the land within the urbanised partsof Port Phillip Bay from Brighton to Sorrento have been subject to considerablemodification since European settlement including levelling of the naturally undulatingground surface, development of the urban environment and landscaping.

It is the opinion of the consultant, Matthew Barker of Benchmark Heritage ManagementPty Ltd that the property at 17 Mclndoe Parade, Parkdale meets the criteria for significantground disturbance. This has been caused by initial land clearance and preparation,including levelling of the site, which would have occurred during the initial residentialsubdivision of the land. It has also been caused by construction of the existing dwellingsand associated infrastructure (electrical, gas, water and sewage pipes).

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There is however no evidence available from aerial photographs, public records,archaeological or geomorphological investigation, or oral testimony that firmlyestablished past 'significant ground disturbance' as strictly defined — i.e. disturbance oftopsoil by machinery in the course of grading or excavation etc. In the recent VCAT reddot decision concerning Azzure Investment Group Pty Ltd v Mornington Peninsula ShireCouncil the absence of a single item of proof in relation to significant ground disturbancewithin a small urban block was addressed. It was considered by the tribunal that thecontextual approach may assist in achieving this level of satisfaction through a reasonableinquiry and examination of a range of relevant information and 'joining the dots' to reacha common sense conclusion from the available information. In the case in question, areasonable level of analysis of these factors disclosed extensive site coverage by buildingsand works, a prior underground septic system and other services.

The tribunal stated that:

"for smaller subdivided urban lots, I think i t is possible for a decision maker to be satisfied,on the 'balance o f probabilities', based on a comparative and contextual approach, thatthere has been significant ground disturbance o f that entire lot for the purpose of the AHRegulations".

This does not mean that all small urban lots should automatically be considered to havebeen the subject of past significant ground disturbance. However, in an established urbanarea, where a reasonable level o f inquiry establishes that a lot has have been extensivelydeveloped, serviced and used over an extended period with significant site coverage bybuildings and works, likely mechanical grading or levelling as part o f the subdivision,underground servicing, and with small yards or garden areas showing little or no signs ofremnant vegetation or undisturbed ground, a finding o f 'significant ground disturbance'o f the entire lot is certainly open".

In relation to the current investigation it is considered that a similar consensus can bereached by a contextual approach by examination of a range of relevant information. Thisincluded the urban context within which the land is situated; the levelling of the dunes,the existing structures, the provision of underground drainage and services; and the lackof remnant vegetation. The combination of factors in this case made it highly likely thatthe whole site had been subject to 'significant ground disturbance' over time.

5 1 Recommendations

Recomm( nciat )n 1

Section 3(a) of the Aboriginal Heritage Act (2006) states that the principal objective of thelegislation is to, protect and conserve Aboriginal cultural heritage in Victoria. NoAboriginal cultural heritage has been identified in the Study Area, as such it is foreseenthat the Activity can proceed with no impact to known Indigenous cultural heritage. No

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further archaeological investigations are recommended for the Study Area. It isrecommended that the Activity be allowed to proceed and that no impacts to Aboriginalcultural recognise heritage will occur.

Recomr !nc n 2 Contingencies

The contingency contained in Section 5.2 must be incorporated into the developmentplan for the project.

5.2c

Human Remains

Procedures

Although it is highly unlikely that Indigenous human burials will occur within the StudyArea, the consultants are obliged to provide advice in the event that a human burial isdiscovered.

If any suspected human remains are found during any activity, works must cease. TheVictoria Police and the State Coroner's Office should be notified immediately. If there arereasonable grounds to believe that the remains are Aboriginal, the Department ofSustainability and Environment's Emergency Coordination Centre must be contactedimmediately on 1300 888 544.

Any such discovery at the Study Area must follow these steps.

1. Discovery• If suspected human remains are discovered, all activity in the vicinity must stop to

ensure minimal damage is caused to the remains; and,

• The remains must be left in place, and protected from harm or damage.

2. Notification• Once suspected human skeletal remains have been found, the Coroner's Office

and the Victoria Police must be notified immediately;• If there is reasonable grounds to believe that the remains could be Aboriginal, the

DSE Emergency Co−ordination Centre must be immediately notified on 1300 888544; and

• All details of the location and nature of the human remains must be provided tothe relevant authorities.

• If it is confirmed by these authorities that the discovered remains are Aboriginalskeletal remains, the person responsible for the activity must report the existenceof the human remains to the Secretary, DVC in accordance with s.17 of the Act.

3. Impact Mitigation or Salvage:

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• The Secretary, after taking reasonable steps to consult with any Aboriginal personor body with an interest in the Aboriginal human remains, will determine theappropriate course of action as required by s.18(2)(b) of the Act.

• An appropriate impact mitigation or salvage strategy as determined by theSecretary must be implemented (This will depend on the circumstances in whichthe remains were found, the number of burials found and the type of burials andthe outcome of consultation with any Aboriginal person or body);

Note: In consultation with any relevant RAP, a sponsor may consider incorporating acontingency plan to reserve an appropriate area for reburial of any recovered humanremains that may be discovered during the activity. This may assist the Secretary indetermining an appropriate course of action.

4. Curation and further analysis:• The treatment of salvaged Aboriginal human remains must be in accordance with

the direction of the Secretary.

5. Reburial:

• Any reburial site(s) must be fully documented by an experienced and qualifiedarchaeologist, clearly marked and all details provided to AAV;

Appropriate management measures must be implemented to ensure that the remains arenot disturbed in the future.

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Bibliography

Websites

www.land.vic.gov.au (Planning Schemes Online)www.dse.vic.gov.au (Department of Sustainability and Environment — InteractiveBiodiversity Maps)www.dpi.vic.gov.au (Department of Primary Industries —GeoVic Online Maps)www.heritage.gov.au/ahpi/index.html (Australian Heritage Places Inventory)

Publist Dirks

Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006

Aboriginal Heritage Regulations 2007

Aboriginal Affairs Victoria 2007aGuide to Preparing Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Assessments.

Bailey, Geoff 1975The role of molluscs in coastal economies: the results of midden analysis in Australia.Journal of Archaeological Science 2: 45−62.

Barwick, D.E. 1984'Mapping the Past: an Atlas of Victorian Clans 1835−1904. Part 1.' Aboriginal History: 1−2.

Benson, J.S. & Redpath, P.A. 1997The nature of pre−European native vegetation in south−eastern Australia: a critique ofRyan, D.G., Ryan, J.R. and Starr, B.J. (1995) The Australian Landscape — observations ofexplorers and early settlers. Cunninghamia 5: 285−546.\

Bride, T.F., 1983.Letters from Victorian Pioneers, Lloyd O'Neil Pty. Ltd., Melbourne.

Chesterfield, E.A. 1986.Changes in the vegetation of the river red gum forest at Barmah, Victoria. AustralianForestry 49: 4−15.

Clark, I. 1990'Aboriginal Languages and Clans' Monash University Publications in Geography No. 37.

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Colonial Secretaries Office, Sydney 1841.iis ui apeciai survev.)", New South Wales Government Gazette (Number 45): pp

784−785,

Coutts, P.J.F and D.0 Witter 1976Sites of Special Scientific Interest in the Victorian Coastal Region: Archaeology

D'Arcy, J. 2005Bunurong Land Council Historical and Genealogical Report. Unpublished ReportPrepared for the Bunurong Land Council, Aboriginal Corporation.

Ellender, I. 1991A Report on Aboriginal Archaeological Sites in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Cranbourne.Report for the Royal Botanic Gardens Trust.

Gent, M.L. & Morgan, J.W. 2007Changes in the stand structure (1975−2000) of coastal Banksia forest in the long absenceof fire. Austral Ecology 32: 239−244.

Gill, A.M. 1981Post−settlement fire history in Victorian landscapes. In: Fire and the Australian Biota (edsA. M. Gill, R. H. Groves and I. R. Noble). pp. 77−98. (Australian Academy of Science,Canberra)

Godfrey, M. C.S. 1994The Archaeology of the Invisible. Seasonality and Shellfishing at Discovery Bay Victoria:The Application of Oxygen Isotope Analysis. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, School ofChemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne.

Gott, B. 2005Aboriginal fire management in south−eastern Australia: aims and frequency. Journal ofBiogeography 32:1203−1208.

Head, L. 1988Holocene vegetation, fire and environmental history of the Discovery Bay region,south−western

Victoria. Australian Journal of Ecology 13: 21−49.

Howitt, A.W. 1904The Native Tribes of South−East Australia. McMillan, London.

Howitt, A.W. & L. Fison 1900'The Aborigines of Victoria;' in W.B. Spencer (ed) Handbook of Melbourne. Ford:Melbourne pp.45−55.

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Keble, R.A. 1928'Kitchen Middens of the Mornington Peninsula' Victorian Naturalist 45: 151−159.

Knopwood, R. 1803.'Journal of the Rev. Robert Knopwood'. In J. Shillinglaw (ed.), (1879). Historical Records ofPort Phillip, the First Annals of the Colony of Victoria. Government Printer, Melbourne

LCC 1991The Melbourne Area District 2. Land Conservation Council: Melbourne.

Lunt, I.D. 1998Allocasuarina (Casuarinaceae) invasion of an unburnt coastal woodland at Ocean Grove,Victoria: Structural changes 1971−1996. Australian Journal of Botany 46: 649−656.

McBride, T.F. 1898Letters from Victorian Pioneers. Reprinted in1983 by Lloyd. (O'Neil Pty Ltd., South Yarra,Melbourne) pp. 89−90 (Robert Jamieson 9 August 1853. pp. 89−90).

Meehan, B. 1982Shell Bed to Shell Midden. Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, Canberra.

Menkhorst, P.W. (ed.) 1995.Mammals of Victoria. (Oxford University Press, Melbourne)

Miller, J.B., K.W. James and P.M.A. Maggiore 1993Tables of Composition of Australian Aboriginal Foods. Aboriginal Studies Press, Canberra.

Mooney, S.D., Radford, K.L. & Hancock, G 2001Clues to the 'burning question': pre−European fire in the Sydney coastal region fromsedimentary charcoal and palynology. Ecological Management and Restoration 2:203−212.

Moxham, C. & Turner, V. 2008. The effects of fire on calcareous dune vegetation in coastalsouth−eastern Australia. (In review).

Munsell Soil Colour Chart 1995

Oates, A. and M. Taranto 2001.Vegetation Mapping of the Port Phillip and Westernport Region, Arthur Rylah Institutefor Environmental Research.

Plomley, N.J.B. 1987Weep In Silence. Blubber Head Press: Hobart.

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Shaw, A.G.L. 2003A History of the Port Phillip District− Victorian Before Separation. (Melbourne UniversityPress, Melbourne)

Shillinglaw, J.J. (ed.) 1879Historical records of Port Phillip, the first annals of the colony of Victoria. John Ferres,Govt Printer Melbourne. Facsimile edit. Heineman, Melbourne, 1972.

Spillane, E.A 1971'Aboriginal Relics on the Mornington Peninsula' Victorian Naturalist 88: 337−341.

Spillane, E.A. 1974An Aboriginal Camp at Portsea. Victorian Naturalist Vol 9, pp 181−191.

Spreadborough, R. & H.Anderson. 1983. Victorian Squatters. Red Rooster Press, AscotVale.

Sullivan, H. 1981An Archaeological Survey of the Mornington Peninsula, Victoria. Ministry forConservation, Victoria.

Sullivan, H. and D. Gaughwin. 1984'Aboriginal boundaries and movement in Western Port, Victoria'. Aboriginal History,8(1−2):

80−98.

Willis, J.H. 1955Robert Brown's Bass Strait journal of April/ May 1802 (Embracing landings from theInvestigator at King Island and Port Phillip). Transcribed by J.H. Willis and C.I. Skewes.Muelleria: an Australian Journal of Botany 1: 46−51.

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Appendix 1: Glossary

Angular fragment: A piece of stone that is blocky or angular, not flake−like.

Archaeology: The study of the remains of past human activity.

Area of Arf:t−7,.:1r−al Sensitivity: A part of the landscape that contains demonstratedoccurrences of cultural material. The precise level of sensitivity will depend on the densityand significance of the material.

Artefact scatter: A surface scatter of cultural material. Aboriginal artefact scatters aredefined as being the occurrence of five or more items of cultural material within an areaof about 100m2 (Aboriginal Affairs Victoria 1993). Artefact scatters are often the onlyphysical remains of places where people have lived camped, prepared and eaten mealsand worked.

BP: Before Present. The present is defined as 1950.

Backed bladei,,,j,eometric microlith): Backing is the process by which one or more marginscontain consistent retouch opposite to the sharp working edge. A backed blade is a bladeflake that has been abruptly retouched along one or more margins opposite the sharpworking edge. Backed pieces include backed blades and geometric microliths. Backedblades are a feature of the Australian Small Tool Tradition dating from between 5,000 and1,000 years ago in southern Australia (Mulvaney 1975).

Blade: A stone flake that is at least twice as long as it is wide.

Burial: Usually a sub−surface pit containing human remains and sometimes associatedartefacts.

Core: A stone piece from which a flake has been removed by percussion (striking it) or bypressure. It is identified by the presence of flake scars showing the negative attributes offlakes, from where flakes have been removed.

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Ethnography: The scientific description of living cultures.

7"11^SUr _: Refers to the degree to which the sub−surface of the land can be observed. Thismay be influenced by natural processes such as wind erosion or the character of thenative vegetation, and by land use practices, such as ploughing or grading. It is generallyexpressed in terms of the percentage of the sub−surface visible for an observer on foot.

Flake: A stone piece removed from a core by percussion (striking it) or by pressure. It isidentified by the presence of a striking platform and bulb of percussion, not usually foundon a naturally shattered stone.

ryr?! tool: An artefact that has been shaped by flaking, including retouch, or grinding toa predetermined form for use as a tool. Formal tools include scrapers, backed pieces andaxes.

GDA940.− r−−−−−)centrfr−Dttl'r of Auctralia 199" : A system of latitudes and longitudes, oreast and north coordinates, centred at the centre of the earth's mass. GDA94 iscompatible with modern positioning techniques such as the Global Positioning System(GPS). It supersedes older coordinate systems (AGD66, AGD84). GDA94 is based on aglobal framework, the IERS Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF), but is fixed to a number ofreference points in Australia. GDA94 is the Victorian Government Standard and spatialcoordinates for excavations, transects and places in CHM P documents.

an organic sub−surface feature; it indicates a place where Aboriginal peoplecooked food. The remains of a hearth are usually identifiable by the presence of charcoaland sometimes clay balls (like brick fragments) and hearth stones. Remains of burnt bone

or shell are sometimes preserved within a hearth.

Holocene, r 7 " . ,1•.r pf.)stglaciP! rer!r_. : The time from the end of the Pleistocene IceAge (c. 10,300 BP) to the present day.

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In situ: A description of any cultural material that lies undisturbed in its original point ofdeposition.

Land 'Ivor− : Description for an area of land based on an assessment of a series ofenvironmental characteristics including geology, geomorphology, climate, soils andvegetation

r lidden: Shell middens vary widely in size composition and complexity. Deposits vary incomplexity, they range from being homogenous to finely stratified deposits. Materialwhich may be found in middens includes different shell species, stone artefacts, hearthsand animal bones.

Quarry (stone/ochre soi.!rc,,,: A place where stone or ochre is exposed and has beenextracted by Aboriginal people. The rock types most commonly quarried for artefactmanufacture in Victoria include silcrete, quartz, quartzite, chert and fine−grainedvolcanics such as greenstone.

Quartz: A mineral composed of silica with an irregular fracture pattern. Quartz used inartefact manufacture is generally semi−translucent, although it varies from milky white toglassy. Glassy quartz can be used for conchoidal flaking, but poorer quality material ismore commonly used for block fracturing techniques. Quartz can be derived fromwaterworn pebble, crystalline or vein.

Pleictoren −−,: The dates for the beginning and end of the Pleistocene generally correspondwith the last Ice Age. That is from 3.5 to 1.3 million years ago. The period ends with thegradual retreat of the ice sheets, which reached their present conditions around 10,300BP.

Pre−contact: Before contact with non−Aboriginal people.

Po−cont;Kt: After contact with non−Aboriginal people.

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Raw material: Organic or inorganic matter that has not been processed by people.

P.e'gistered Ahrm−!7,nal Cu!tura! Places: These are Aboriginal sites registered onthe Victorian Aboriginal Heritage Register (VAHR).

Regolittn: The mantle of unconsolidated soil/sediments/weathered rock materials formingthe surface of the land that rests upon the bedrock.

Scarred trees: Aboriginal derived scars are distinct from naturally occurring scars by theiroval or symmetrical shape and occasional presence of steel, or more rarely, stone axemarks on the scar's surface. Other types of scarring include toeholds cut in the trunks orbranches of trees for climbing purposes and removal of bark to indicate the presence ofburials in the area. Generally, scars occur on River red gums (Eucalyptus camaldulensis)or grey box (E. microcarpa) trees. River red gums are usually found along the margins ofrivers, creeks and swamps with grey box on near and far floodplains. Size and shape ofthe scar depended on the use for which the bark was intended. For example, bark wasused for a variety of dishes and containers, shields, canoes and construction of huts.

Significance: The importance of a heritage place or place for aesthetic, historic, scientificor social values for past, present or future generations.

Silcrete: Soil, clay or sand sediments that have silicified under basalt through groundwaterpercolation. It ranges in texture from very fine grained to coarse grained. At one extremeit is cryptocrystalline with very few clasts. It generally has characteristic yellow streaks oftitanium oxide that occur within a grey and less commonly reddish background. Used forflaked stone artefacts.

Spit: Refers to an arbitrarily defined strata of soil removed during excavation.

Stratificatior: The way in which soil forms in layers.

Stratified deposit: Material that has been laid down, over time, in distinguishable layers.

Stratigraphy: The study of soil stratification (layers) and deposition.

Stone Artefact: A piece of stone that has been formed by Aboriginal people to be used asa tool or is a by−product of Aboriginal stone tool manufacturing activities. Stone artefactscan be flaked such as points and scrapers or ground such as axes and grinding stones.

Tool: A stone flake that has undergone secondary flaking or retouch.

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Tr−41−i,.,e.ct: A fixed path along which one excavates or records archaeological remains.

Victorian Aboriginal Heritage Register: A list of all registered Aboriginal cultural heritageplaces (Aboriginal Places) in Victoria.

Visibility: Refers to the degree to which the surface of the ground can be observed. Thismay be influenced by natural processes such as wind erosion or the character of thenative vegetation, and by land use practices, such as ploughing or grading. It is generallyexpressed in terms of the percentage of the ground surface visible for an observer onfoot.

REFERENC7.5

Aboriginal Affairs Victoria 1997 Guidelines fo r Conducting and Reporting upon ArchaeologicalSurveys in Victoria. AAV, Melbourne.

Mulvaney, DJ 1975 The Prehistory o f Australia. Harmondsworth, Penguin.

Holdaway, S & N Stern2004A Record in Stone: the Study o f Australia's Flaked Stone Artefacts.Museum Victoria and Aboriginal Studies Press, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres StraitIslander Studies, Canberra.

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Shadow Diagrams Rev A

Proposed Two Storey Multi Unit Developmentat 17 Mclndoe Parade Parkdale.

For: Conceptual Building Pty Ltd

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LEGEND:

4 P E R M E N A N T S U R V E Y MARK 0 ELEC PIT

* T E M P O R A R Y BENCH MARK + S T O P VALVE

A I N S T R U M E N T POINT TAP

S U R V E Y MARK X FIRE H Y D R A N T / PLUG

PEG w W A T E R METER

1731 T E L E C O M . PIT A SIGN

−"T". GAS P. FUEL MARKER X BREATHER/VENT

G GAS METER . S E W E R A G E PIT

7 G A S 8, F U E L VALVE E EAVE HEIGHT

0 G R A T E D PIT R RIDGE HEIGHT

U JUNCTION PIT FL FLOOR LEVEL

0 SIDE E N T R Y PIT TVV T O P O F WALL

0 P O W E R POLE T T O P OF KERB

0 L I G H T POLE IW INVERT O F KERB

)1( STAY TG T O P OF GUTTERING

EXISTING SERVICES:Water W

Gas G

Electricity E

Drainage D

Sewerage S

NOTE.THERE IS NO DPFERENCE IN SURFACELEVELS BETWEEN THE SURROUNDINGPROPERTIES

:grotr

C900Rear Yard

Rear Yard

R E S I G N RESPONSE:

THE PROPOSED DWELLINGS HAVE BEEN SITED TO FRONTMaINDOE PARADE, WITH EACH DWELLING HAVING THIER OWNADDRESS AND ENTRY FACADE, THAT CAN BE VEWED FROMTHE STREET.SECLUDED AND PRIVATE OPEN SPACE OF MINIMUM 251..HAS BEEN PROVIDED FOR EACH DWELLING FACING NORTHWITH ADDITIONAL BALCONY AREA TO PROVIDECOMPLIANCE TO THE PRIVATE OPEN SPACE PROVISIONSFOR THE AREA.EXISTING CROSSING AT PHINDOE PARADE 7 0 BE REUSED,WITH AN ADDITIONAL CROSSING PROVIDED TO THE NORTHOF THE SITELENGTH OF WALLS ALLOWABLE ON BOUNDARIES ISLIMITED TO 10 METRES • 25% OF REMAINDER OF TITLEBOUNDARY LENGTH. THE MAXIMUM LENGTH OF WALLALLOWABLE IS 2374 METRES. THE AMOUNT PROVIDED ISIS FAR LESS THAN THE AMOUNT ALLOWED ANDTHEREFORE COMPLIES WITH RESCODE STANDARDS.THE DESIGN OF THE DWELLINGS RESPONDS TO THEMIXTURE OF STREET CHARACTER OF HP AND GABLEROOF AND FLAT ROOF FORMS, BRICK AND TIMBERCLADDING MATERIALS WITH LANDSCAPED FRONTSETBACKS.TIC QUALITY OF THE DESIGN, ARTICULATED BUILDINGFACADE AND FORM AND VARIED PRESENTATION WLLCREATE VISUAL INTEREST AND WILL BE ATTRACTIVEWITHIN MeINDOE PARADE STREETSCAPE AS WELL AS THEADJOINING PROPERTIES.HABITABLE WINDOWS OF UPPER FLOORS OF THEDWELLINGS HAVE BEEN PROVIDED WITH FIXED OBSCUREGLASS TO A HEIGHT OF 1700nan ABOVE FFL ORPROVIDED WITH SILL HEIGHTS OF 1700..n ABOVE FFL, ORPROVIDED WITH SCREENS TO A HEIGHT W 1700n., ABOVEFFL, TO PREVENT ANY POSSIBLE OVERLOOKING WITHIN3 0 METRES OF THE ADJOINING PROPERTY AND PRIVATEOPEN SPACESTHE GARAGES FOR EACH DWELLING LOCATED BEHINDDWELLING ENVELOPE, AND PROVIDED SO THAT DOFFSTREET PARKING PROVIDED FOR EACH DWELLING.ANY VEGETATION AS NOTED TORE REMOVED IS REQUIREDTO MAKE WAY FOR PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT. ANY TREESTORE REMOVED CAN BE REPLACED WITH ADDITIONALCANOPY TYPE TREES TO THE FRONT OR REARLANDSCAPED AREAS AS ADVISED ON THE FINALLANDSCAPE PLAN.

l a r l /';/−1;;IiWEE

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PROJECT

M i c e 1.1111

R E S I G N RESPONSE:

NEW DRIVEWAYS TO EACH DWELUNG TORE PROVIDEDUSING COLORED CONCRETE FRESH OR EXPOSEDAGGREGATE PAVING.THE PERMEABLITY FOR THE SITE IS 26.7% WHICH ISGREATER THAN RESCODE REQUIREMENT OF 20%.EACH I BEDROOM DWELLING HAS BEEN PROVIDED WITH TWOCARSPACES.

EACH DWELLING PROVIDED WITH STORAGE SHEDS OF ion'

A DENSITY OF I t 240.7re AND SITE COVERAGE OF 463% HASBEEN PROVIDED FOR THE SITE WHICH I O N KEEPING WITHRESCODE REQUIREMENT AND COUNCIL REQUIREMENT OF 60%.

THE APPEARANCE OF THE DWELLINGS ARE VARIED TOEACH OTHER PROVIDING A GOOD PRESENCE IN THE STREET.THE STREETSCAPE OF N O M E PARADE ALREADY HAVETWO STOREY DEVELOPMENTS AND DWELLINGS. TOGETHERWITH SINGLE STOREY UNIT DEVELOPMENTS WHICH OURDEVELOPMENT CAN BENEFIT FROM.

THE FIRST FLOOR COMPONENTS OF EACH DWELLING ARESETBACK FROM THE BOUNDARY IN EXCESS OF THERESCODE REQUIREMENTS, WHICH WLL PROTECT THEADJOINING NEIGHBOURS OF ANY OVERSHADOWING IP ANYAND PROTECT THE ADJOINING NEIGHBOURS PRIVATE OPENSPACES

ALL BALCONY AREAS TO THE REAR DWELUNGS WILL BESCREENED APPROPIATELY AS TO PREVENT ANYOVERLOOKING TO ADJOINING HABITABLE WINDOWS ANDPRIVATE OPEN SPACES

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BUS ROUTES 7 0 8 A T COMO

.‘,.P A R A D E W E S T LEADING T O TRAINROUTES A N D SHOPPING STRIPSA P P R O X . 0 .5km FROM SUBJECTSITE

B U S ROUTES 7 0 8 A T PARKERSROAD LEADING T O T R A I N ROUTESA N D SHOPPING S T R I P S APPROX.0 .5km FROM SUBJECT SITE

4T R A I N S T A T I O N A T COMO PARADEW E S T , PARKDALELEADING TOC I T Y A N D F R A N K S T O N APPROX.0.8 km FROM SUBJECT SITE.

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B R A D S H A W S T R E E T MORDIALLOCA P P R O X . 0 . 4 4 km FROM SUBJECTSITE.

4;1GERRY GREEN RESERVE ATNEPEAN H I G H W A Y PARKDALEA P P R O X . 1.1 km FROM SUBJECTSITE.

PETER SCULLIN RESERVE ATBEACH ROAD MORDIALLOCAPPROX.1.18 km FROM SUBJECTSITE

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4;1MINOR SHOPPIAG S T R I P ATW A R R E N VILLAGE, A T WARRENS T R E E T P A R K D A L E A P P R O X 0.65Km FROM SUBJECT SITE

MINOR S H O P P N G S T R I P ATP A R K D A L E P L 1 2 A , A T NEPEANH I G H W A Y P A R K D A L E APPROX0.65 Km FROM SUBJECT SITE

MINOR S H O P P I 4 G S T R I P A T THRIFT

4 P A R K P A R K D A L E , A T NEPEANH I G H W A Y P A R K D A L E A P P R O X 1.63Km FROM SUEUECT SITE

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MORDIALLOC A P P R O X 1.18 KmFROM SUBJECT SITE

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H I G H W A Y PARKDALEA P P R O X 0 . 9 1 1 m FROM SUBJECTSITE

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DIXON S T R E E T MENTONEA P P R O X 1.6 Km FROM SUBJECTSITE

tBEACH1

METONE G R A M M A R COLLEGE ATROAD FIENTONE APPROX

1.65 Km FROM iLlBJECT SITE

4KILBREDA SECONDARY COLLEGEA T MENTONE P A R A D E MENTONEA P P R O X 2.15 r m FROM SUBJECTSITE

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D A T E : SCALE:

NOV '14 1:250 @ A1S H E E T : R E V I S I O N ISSUE:

DESIGN RESPONSE PLANA T 17 McINDOE PARADEPARKDALE

CONCEPTUAL BUILDINGSPTY LTD

81 − 8 3 C A V A N A G H STREETC H E L T E N H A M V I C 3192T E L 9 5 8 5 6 9 5 3 F A X 9 5 8 3 3719M O B I L E : 0 4 1 4 3 9 4 798EMAIL:InfoecreattvellvingInnovatIons.corn.au

1 OF 1 AJ O B N o ' DR 1183/14

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•

' p r i v a t eopen space: I

dwelling dwe l l i ng 3:

sec luded open space: 25.7 m2 sec luded open space: 26.8 m2

p r i v a t e o p e n space. 58.2 m2 pr i va te o p e n space: 9.5 m2

Itotal area:I I 83.9 rn2 I Itotalarea: I I 36.3m2

dwe l l i ng 2: dwe l l i ng 4:

sec luded open space: 26.8 m2 secluded open space: 27.8 m2

p r i v a t e o p e n space 9.5 m2 pr i va te o p e n space: 26.4 m2

' t o t a larea:

POS

NOTE:RAINWATER TANKS − 2000 LITRES USEDFOR TOILET FLUSHING

I 36.3 m2 I ' t o t a larea:

I 54.2 m 2 I

ALL LEVELS SHOWN ARE TO A.H.D.

••••••••t•t•t•DENOTES EXTENT OFPAVED AREA ON SAND BASE

EXTENT OFPERMEABLE TOPPING

EXTENT OFTIMBER OECKING

POS − PRIVATE OPEN SPACE

− DENOTES TREE TO REMAIN H W − HABITABLE WINDOW

N H W − NON HABITABLE WINDOW

− OFNOTFC TREF TO BE REMOVFO

60960

7235 12680 o/a dwelling 4

extent of first floorenvelope above

private open spacedwelling 4 27.80 m2

13937 toexIsting sheds

NOTE:WALLS LOCATED ON, OR WITHIN 150mmOF PROPERTY BOUNDARES, NOT TOEXCEED 3.2m AVERAGE HEIGHT

LEGEND:

ELE

IT−21riETTFIG

[rainwater tank]

GAS METER

WATER METER

ELECTRICALSWICHBOARD

DUCTED HEATINGUNIT IN ROOF SPACE

WATER TANK

AIR−CONDITIONINGUNITS− DUCTED SYSTEMAIR−CONDITIONINGCONDENSERcondenserHOT WATER:Fag SERVICE

9020 3660

12500 o/a dwelling 3

3780 8720 3780


8720


5110 6340 garage 1

2886

1708

(0.10)

extent of first floorbalcony above

P/bark

REVISIONS

16−03−5 A TP QUERIES

THIS DRAWMG AND DESIGN IS SUBJECT TO COPYRIGHT AROMA? NOT GEREPRODUCED WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT FROM CREATIVE LIVMGRENOVATIONS. CONTRACTOR TO VERIFY ALL DIMENSIONS ON SITE PRIOR TOCOMMAIKANANT OF ANY WEAKANY DISCREPANOES ON DRAWINGS TO NE ADVISED TO OFFICEITEDIATELY. FIGURED DIMENSIONS TO TAKE PRECEDENCE TO SCALEDDRAWINGS, NOTE. PLANS ARE NOT TO 01 SCALED.

Geroge


Palings 1

otkul se".paved

PS

5100 wide x22/117

panel lift up or

ft40o0 .•calico

(0.17)

10398

11.740

Storey

HW

10.21E

10.4010


•xtent of first floorenvelope above

11.,\• •..p:rnia:gble

la n

IT/C7,

ag5

'dry familyI FFL7.30 I

Palings 1.6h 755

extent o f f i r s t floorbalcony above

5350

PRINTS A l 5D1:100 A3 CO 1:200

3530

extent of first floorbalcony above

COM

ROW Yard

3620 L 5350

12500 o/a dwel ing 3

POS

2E8

3530

N1/190/Storey

BrkkRIR

VAH VIIH


>tio.ShedL

3620

12500 a / a dwel log 2

5350

64226

Palings 1.96

= A d a m .4.42111 'AM

".V11111

dwellitiT1

POS


existing street tree to berelocated or replaced to

the satisfaction of theresponsible authority

proposed crossing to belocated minimum of

1.0metre from existingpower pole and placed in

accordance withresponsible authority

specifications

extent of first floorenvelope above

59

GROUND FLOOR AND SITE DEVELOPMENT PLANPROJECT

PROPOSED T W O STOREY MULTI UNITDEVELOPMENT AT 17 McINDOE PARADEPARKDALE

private open spacedwelling 1 511,.29 m2

' i i r k (0.20ma lbox for

dwellingdwellipg 1

51i m O i r I I t.1 1 ' W I I:−

ILe

na?I ; i0(10 I 11,,IY,7.53ii ased aggregate

drive y

meals

shLT.

0960 (129 1101Tree 411

FFL7.55 I

A3000 wide drIve)ay 7.43

(exposed aggregO

Palings 1.66

15223

17133 a/a dwelling 1

CLIENT

CONCEPTUAL BUILDING PTYLTD II

3.96R

ecking_

I AREAS:

SITE AREA:

DWELLING 1:

GROUND FLOOR LEVEL:

FIRST FLOOR LEVEL: A

GARAGE:

SUB−TOTAL:

DWELLING?:

GROUND FLOOR LEVEL:

FIRST FLOOR LEVEL:

GARAGE:

SUB−TOTAL:

DWELLING 3:

GROUND FLOOR LEVEL:


GARAGE:

SUB−TOTAL:

DWELLING 4:

GROUND FLOOR LEVEL:


GARAGE:

SUB−TOTAL: A

TOTAL AREA:

962.8 rn2

63.1 rn2

82.9 m2

34.8 m2

180.8 m2

63.1 rn

SITE COVERAGE:

PERMEABLITY: 26.7%

A new 1800 highX 7 ' 4 5 brick fence Tai Rh,t Path

RI_ 7.35m AHD

975D/Starey

Brid(

CREATIVE LIVINGINNOVATIONS

81 − 8 3 C A V A N A G H STREETC H E L T E N H A M V I C 3192TEL 9 5 8 5 6 9 5 3 FAX 9 5 8 3 3719M O B I L E : 0 4 1 4 3 9 4 798EMAIL:[email protected]

mailbox for dwellingdwelling 2,354

HW

11695

2470

(0.12)

DATE: SCALE:

NOV 14 1:100 @ A1SHEET: R E V I S I O N ISSUE:

1 OF 5 A/ 0 1 3 No: TP 1183 / 14

Fl

Advert

ising

Doc

umen

tation

May

Be S

ubjec

t To C

opyri

ght L

aws

60960

8071

(0.11)

°PenRacr Yard

(0.22)

13937 toexisting sheds

LEGEND:

obscure glass togig U M height of 1700mm above

finished floor level

window to have sillSi D M height of 1700mm above

finished floor level

hdlhtxi,s height obscure glasswindow to have full

window to have fullfull ht d height clear glass

REVISIONS

10−03−15 A TP QUERIES

TINS DRAWING 410 0(50045 SUBECT TO COPYRIGIIT APO MAY NOT BEREPRODUCED WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTDI CCMSENT FROOI CRF.ATIVE UVINGMNOVATIONS, CONTRACTOR TO VERIFY ALL DPENSIONS ON SITE P0400 10COMMENCEMENT OF ANY WORK.ANY DISCREPANCIES 004 08410(05 TO BE ADVISED TO OFFICEIMMEDIATELY. FIORD] DPENSIONS TO TAKE PRECEDENCE TO SCALEDDRAWINGS. MOTO PLANS ARE NOT TO SE SCALED.

N*2/19S/Storey

Brick

(0.10)

11920 o/a dwelling 4 12335 o/a dwelling 3

10420 1500 / 1475 / 4330 6530

Veraidah

(0.17)

3755 3555

A

Palings 1.96



PRINTS A l 0 1 : 1 0 0 AS g 1:200

3110

Garage

P/bark6h

11.74R

10.19E I

10S3T05/Storey

4365


7195

10858 o/a dwelling I

10.210

154010

d w e l l i n g 3

FFL10.43 — 7 . − 'try

full lit obs fuUM d

Palings 1.66


7000

PROJECT

openRear Yard


ensuRe

70

3425

18001,1110

HW

PROPOSED T W O STOREY MULTI UNITDEVELOPMENT AT 17 McIN DOE PARADEPARKDALE

FFL10.43

6835

53978

N1/19D/Skeroy

Brick14.191

d w e l l i n g 2

11560 o/a dwelling

CLIENT

2

13.119E

14710

Palings 1.96

ensuite

i l h t d hdl hOd MIN d

3925

CONCEPTUAL BUILDING PTYLTD

2810 5230

private open spacedwelling 1 4 5 m2

d w e l l i n g 1

L7f0

E gallery

SITE 60960 11290 1101

MIR

HIHHHHII

Tree 441

2790

/ 2886

,I2233 85/

3000 wide drive ay 143

Palings 1.66

5615


6150/Storey

Brick

1960

6428

CREATIVE LIVINGINNOVATIONS

r . . . . . / 1 / 1 01 − 83 CAVANAGH STREETC H E L T E N H A M VIC 3192TEL 9585 6953 FAX 9583 3719MOBILE: 0414 394 798EMAIL:infogcreativelivinginnovations.com.au

7.511

HW

<<‘

Sapling−17

1"Sling 17

TRU Rivet in PathRI. 7.35rn AHD

10.16E

11695

TG

Sapling

A

(0.12)

7.72rv

1351

DATE: SCALE:

NOV '14 1:100 @ A1SHEET: REVISION ISSUE:

2 OF 5 AJOB No: TP 1183 / 14

Advert

ising

Doc

umen

tation

May

Be S

ubjec

t To C

opyri

ght L

aws

laws copyright to subject be may

Documents