land part 2 sjchs. mining and minerals minerals and metals must be collected mined from ore deposits...
TRANSCRIPT
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Land Part 2
SJCHS
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Mining and Minerals
• Minerals and metals must be collected• Mined from ore deposits• Collected from water
• Can take thousands of years for minerals to form (nonrenewable)• Over mining harms environment and soil
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Mining and Minerals
• Applications• Currency• Industrial and Building• Technology
• Overuse of minerals could result in a “mineral crisis”
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Cities
• Cities: Centers of population and commerce• City planning: Control of city growth
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Cities
• City Plans• Concentric cities: Business/ industry in the center; residential areas outside
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Cities
• Sector cities: Business in center; other areas are divided into industrial, residential, recreation areas
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Cities
• Multi-nuclei cities: No one large center for business; multiple business, residential, industrial areas throughout the city
• Plan for most cities
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Cities
• Zoning: Keeping certain activities (industry, farming) in specific areas of the city
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http://www.cityofpittsfield.org/city_departments/community_development/docs/ZoningMap_Citywide_200909.pdf
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Cities
• Aesthetics: How an area looks
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Cities
• Transportation: Consider needs of private and public transportation; must also consider safety and efficiency
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• Transportation in LA and Las Vegas
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Cities
• Private vehicles• Pros: Convenience, good in low population areas• Cons: Expensive, pollution, high risk of accidents
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Cities
• Buses and Subways• Pros: Low cost for passengers in high population areas• Cons: Inconvenient, Slow, High maintenance
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Cities
• Trains• Pros: Fast, low pollution• Cons: Inconvenient, Expensive, Requires track
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Cities
• Planes• Pros: Fast, low pollution, Global• Cons: Inconvenient, Expensive, Requires Airports
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Cities
• Sustainability: Considering the needs of the environment• Zoning: Maintaining parks, farms; limiting pollution from industry• Transportation: Bike lanes, “green” technology
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Cities
• Polluted areas in a city can be cleaned and reused•Brownfield site: Former industrial location; low pollution• Superfund site: Serious pollution; usually cleaned by the EPA
• Environmental remediation: Removal of contaminations to make an area safe for human health
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http://www.epa.gov/region1/ge/
http://www.epa.gov/region1/superfund/index.html
Pittsfield/GE/Housatonic Superfund website
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Globalization
• Globalization: Trading goods, services, or information throughout the world
• Pros: New resources and ideas, greater understanding of other cultures• Cons: Exploiting workers and resources in developing nations, large financial disasters
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Globalization
• Organizations • World Bank: Helps developing countries• International Monetary Fund (IMF): Helps with globalization growth and economic stability• World Trade Organizations (WTO): Helps countries negotiate trade deals• United Nations (UN): Maintains global peace, human rights, and security