renewable energy sjchs. energy world energy demands increase every year (especially in china and...
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Renewable Energy
SJCHS
Energy
• World energy demands increase every year (especially in China and India)
Renewable energy near Fukashima
Wind Power
• Wind Power: Wind is used to rotate a magnet that generates electricity by electromagnetic induction; 1.5% of world energy
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Wind Power
• Pros: No emissions, little environmental disturbance, works in many locations• Cons: Need steady winds or power can fluctuate (cannot make up more than 20% of nation’s power outputs); noise pollution, affects flying animals, high cost
Wind Turbines
Hydropower
• Hydropower: Water is stored behind a dam or in a high altitude lake; Water is released, spinning a turbine, making electricity; Water moves into an afterbay; 20% of world energy
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Hydropower
• Pros: High efficiency, long equipment lifetime, flood control, can use afterbay water • Cons: High cost, damming a river can affect ecosystem and fish, can flood areas beyond dam
Solar
• Solar Photovoltaics (PV): Using the sun’s rays to directly generate electricity (no turbine)
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Solar
• Sun’s rays generate electricity which is used to power house or is sent to grid during the day•At night, use electricity from the grid
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• Solar Post Solyndra
Solar
•Pros: Low emissions, “free” electricity• Cons: High cost, low efficiency (especially in cloudy areas)
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Solar
•Solar Hot Water Heaters: Using the sun’s rays to heat hot water instead of using natural gas or electricity
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Solar
•Pros: Low emissions, relatively low cost with rebates, durable• Cons: Low efficiency in cloudy areas
Solar
•Solar Thermal Power Stations: Using the sun’s rays to heat either oil, a gas, or water which will spin a turbine and generate electricity
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Solar
•Pros: Low emissions, “free” power• Cons: High cost, low efficiency, large land area
• Solar Homes
Geothermal
•Geothermal: Radioactive decay of material in Earth produces heat; water reservoir near surface is heated and can be used to spin a turbine
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Geothermal
•Pros: Low emissions, waste hot water can be used, relatively low cost• Cons: Low efficiency, can only build in areas near plate boundaries or volcanic activity, damage environment, reservoir can be depleted
Geothermal/Solar
•Ground Source Heat Pump: Temperature beneath the surface is constant year round; can use to heat or cool homes
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Geothermal/Solar
•Pros: Low emissions, “free” power• Cons: High cost
• Geothermal at home
• http://video.pbs.org/video/2352316187
Cars
• Gasoline/Diesel Cars- Internal Combustion Engines (ICE): Use a compressed gas mixed with fuel to power car; high emissions, lower cost
Cars
• Hybrids: Have an electric motor and an ICE; lower emissions and regenerative braking
• Type 1: Electric motor runs car when stopped/ moving slowly, otherwise ICE runs car
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Cars
• Type 2: Electric motor always runs car; ICE makes electricity that charges the battery for the electric motor
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Cars
• Electric Cars: Electric motor, powered by a battery, runs car; must charge battery using electricity; no emissions and regenerative braking
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Cars
•Hydrogen fuel cells: Use hydrogen as a fuel to generate electricity for an electric motor; only produces water as a waste
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• Hydrogen Fuel Cells
• Cars of the Future
Cars • Biofuels (Biogas): ICE that are run on fuels that are made from plants
• Pros: Renewable, low emissions• Cons: Can be more corrosive (need specialized engine parts), cost, lower mileage
Palm Oil