a provider of Career Technical Education

Participating School Districts

Labor Market Study

Prepared by Traci Eggert, Education and Partnership Development Specialist. September 2016

This report can be found at:www.coastlinerop.net/documents/Labor-Market-Study.pdf

The most current list of articulation agreements can be found at:www.coastlinerop.net/articulation-agreements.asp

Labor Market Study Articulation Agreements

The Skills Gap Explained…………………………………………........................................................................................1

Middle-Skill Opportunities.....................................................................................................................................1-2

Every Scholar Needs a Skill........................................................................................................................................3

Agriculture & Natural Resources..........................................................................................................4-5

Arts, Media & Entertainment..................................................................................................................6-8

Building & Construction Trades.................................................................................................................9

Business & Finance.......................................................................................................................................10

Education, Child Development & Family Services............................................................................11

Engineering & Architecture.......................................................................................................................12

Health Science & Medical Technology..........................................................................................13-16

Hospitality, Tourism & Recreation..........................................................................................................17

Information & Communication Technology.......................................................................................18

Manufacturing & Product Development..............................................................................................19

Marketing, Sales & Services................................................................................................................20-21

Public Services..........................................................................................................................................22-23

Transportation.................................................................................................................................................24

Data Sources and Notes...........................................................................................................................................25

Coastline Regional Occupational Program is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC).

Table of Contents (by Industry Sector)

The skills gap, also known as the workforce gap, represents the inability for employers to find qualified individuals to fill their vacant positions.

Middle-skill employment opportunities – jobs that require more than a high school diploma but less than a bachelor’s degree – continue to expand in Orange County. Middle-skill workers command higher wages and enjoy greater potential for upward economic mobility than their less-skilled peers.

Currently, Orange County has an estimated 483,970 middle-skill jobs. These middle-skill jobs are expected to grow by approximately 15 percent, or by 17,678 jobs annually (7,894 new jobs created and 9,757 replacement jobs per year) over the next decade.

The Skills Gap Explained

Middle-Skill Opportunities

1

These middle-skill jobs provide annual average wages of $53,110 compared to the average of $31,371 for lower skill positions, which reinforces the benefit of providing education and training programs aimed at filling these jobs. Additionally, 54 percent of middle-skill positions pay wages above Orange County’s hourly living wage of $24.81.

Information Technology, Hospitality/Tourism, Advanced Manufacturing, and Health Care are all key drivers of the Orange County economy and continue to generate well-paying job opportunities. All four clusters currently outpace state employment projections and create jobs at all levels of the educational attainment spectrum.

54% of middle-skill positions pay wages above Orange County’s hourly living wage

483,970 $24.81 Middle-skill jobs in Orange County Hourly living wage

2

When APPLIED TECHNICAL LEARNING

is integrated with RIGOROUS ACADEMICS,

students develop the SKILLS NEEDED FOR SUCCESS.

The technical, academic and employability skills that students gain in Career Technical Education (CTE) programs, through CTE courses, work-based learning, career and technical student organizations and dual/concurrent enrollment, are essential for college and career success.

Every Scholar Needs a Skill

3

Agriculture and Natural Resources Industry Sector Animal Science Pathway

Work-based learning course W

Course Title Animal Health Care Internship

Current and Future Employment Employment of veterinary technologists, technicians, and animal care service workers is projected to grow much faster than the average for all occupations. Employment growth coupled with high job turnover should result in very good job opportunities.

Veterinarians care for the health of animals and work to improve public health. They diagnose, treat, and research medical conditions and disease of pets, livestock, and other animals. Most work in private clinics and hospitals. Others work in laboratories or classrooms, or work for the government. Veterinarians must have a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) degree from an accredited veterinary college and pass the North American Veterinary Licensing Examination.

Veterinary Technologist and Technicians perform medical tests under the supervision of a licensed veterinarian to assist in diagnosing the injuries and illnesses of animals. They work in private clinics, laboratories, and animal hospitals. Veterinary Technologists and Technicians must complete a postsecondary program in veterinary technology. Technologists need a 4-year bachelor’s degree, while technicians need a 2-year associate’s degree.

Animal Care Service Workers provide care for animals. They feed, groom, bathe, and exercise pets and other nonfarm animals. They are employed in a variety of settings, including kennels, zoos, stables, animal shelters, pet stores, veterinary clinics, and aquariums. Most animal care service workers have a high school diploma and learn the occupation on the job. Many employers prefer to hire candidates who have experience working with animals. Although pet groomers typically learn by working under the guidance of an experienced groomer, they can also attend grooming schools.

Occupational Title

California Orange County

Employment 2012 2022

Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings

Labor Demand Outlook

Median Hourly

Earnings Veterinarians 6,900 7,300 +6% 260 Increasing $62.06

Veterinary Technologists and Technicians 8,600 10,400 +21% 270 Increasing $17.33

Animal Care Service Workers (trainers, groomers, kennel attendants, pet sitters)

4,600 5,600 +22% 310 Increasing $15.99

W

4

Agriculture and Natural Resources Industry Sector Ornamental Horticulture Pathway

Articulated with community college Work-based learning course A W

Course Titles Environmental Horticulture Environmental Horticulture Advanced Floral Design Floral Design Advanced Floral Design Internship

Current and Future Employment California’s horticultural industry accounts for greater than 25 percent of the nation’s wholesale nursery production and retail sales. Horticulture is both a science and an art that deals with production and management of plants for food, comfort, feed, recreation, and beauty. Currently the industry is focused on finding new and environmentally responsible ways of managing plants and pests to help increase crop and ornamental plant viability.

Although demand for floral arrangements for events such as weddings, funerals, and other events will continue, the need for floral designers is expected to decline proportionately with the number of florist shops in the industry. Approximately one quarter of floral designers are self-employed and must handle the various aspects of running their own businesses. As the event planning industry has experienced growth, floral designers are increasingly working with event planners on a contract basis to provide floral services for large scale events.

Soil and Plant Scientists conduct research in breeding, physiology, production, yield, and management of crops and agricultural plants or trees, shrubs, and nursery stock, their growth in soils, and control of pests. Alternatively they may study the chemical, physical, biological, and mineralogical composition of soils as they relate to plant or crop growth and productivity. Soil and Plant Scientists need at least a bachelor’s degree in a related field.

Floral Designers may create a single arrangement for a special occasion or design floral displays for rooms and open spaces for large-scale functions, such as weddings, funerals, or banquets. Taking formal floral design training can help people who are interested in opening their own business or in becoming a chief floral designer or supervisor. Postsecondary programs are offered leading to certification and degrees in floral design, floriculture, horticulture, and ornamental horticulture design.

Occupational Title

California Orange County

Employment 2012 2022

Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings

Labor Demand Outlook

Median Hourly

Earnings Soil and Plant Scientists 2,000 2,700 +35% 140 Increasing $32.47 Floral Designers 4,200 4,100 -2% 110 Decreasing $15.73

A

W

W

5

Arts, Media and Entertainment Industry Sector Design, Visual and Media Arts Pathway Game Design and Integration Pathway

Course Titles Art of Animation Computer Graphics Entertainment Art Multimedia Communications Design Video Game Design Visual Imagery Web Site Development

Current and Future Employment Due to the region’s high and growing concentration of multimedia businesses such as digital visual effects companies, video game publishers, visualization studios, and website developers, the employment trend is generally positive. Over 44 percent of all workers in creative occupations in California are located in the Los Angeles and Orange County areas.

Multi-Media Artists and Animators create two and three dimensional models, animation, and visual effect for television, movies, video games, and other forms of media. Some focus on creating animated movies or video games. While others create visual effects for movies and television shows. Employers typically require a bachelor’s degree, and look for workers with a good portfolio of work and strong technical skills. Multi-media artists and animators most often have a bachelor’s degree in fine art, computer graphics, animation, or a related filed.

Web Developers are responsible for the technical aspects of website creation. They build, customize, and manage Web content, and develop Web applications using programming languages and databases. They write the code, create the home page, and lay out pages. Web Developers write custom scripts to make Web pages more dynamic and easier to navigate. A postsecondary degree in a computer-related field is desired but not required for most jobs; some employers may accept related experience and industry certifications.

Graphic Designers combine art and technology to communicate ideas through images and the layout of websites and printed pages. They develop the overall layout and production design for various applications such as advertisements, brochures, magazines, and corporate reports. A bachelor’s degree in graphic design or a related field is usually required.

Occupational Title

California Orange County

Employment 2012 2022

Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings

Labor Demand Outlook

Median Hourly

Earnings Multi-Media Artists and Animators 23,200 25,800 +11% 810 Increasing $35.92 Web Developers 21,500 28,300 +32% 1,040 Increasing $33.80 Graphic Designers 34,400 38,700 +13% 9,100 Increasing $24.09

UC A

UC A

UC

UC A

UC A

A

UC/CSU Visual and Performing Arts “f” requirement Articulated with community college UC A

6

Arts, Media and Entertainment Industry Sector Design, Visual and Media Arts Pathway Production and Managerial Arts Pathway

Course Titles Art of TV & Video Production Broadcast News Film & Digital Media Studies Video and Film Production

Current and Future Employment Job growth is projected due to a strong demand for more television shows and U.S. produced films from American and foreign audiences. Los Angeles and New York City have the largest concentration of motion picture production jobs and Orange County is home to many post production companies.

Camera Operators capture a wide range of material for TV shows, motion pictures, music videos, documentaries, news and sporting events. Studio camera operators work in a broadcast studio and record their subjects from a fixed position. Cinematographers usually have a team of camera operators and assistants working under them filming motion pictures. Videographers record private ceremonies or special events, such as weddings, and many run their own business or do freelance work. Most editor and camera operator positions require a bachelor’s degree in a field related to film or broadcasting, such as communication.

Audio and Video Equipment Technicians set up, operate, and maintain the electrical equipment for radio programs, television broadcasts, concerts, sound recordings, and movies. Audio and video equipment technicians, as well as sound engineering technicians, typically need a postsecondary certificate. These professionals may be called “broadcast” or “sound engineering technicians,” operators, or engineers.

Broadcast and Sound Engineering Technicians set up, operate, and maintain the electrical equipment for radio programs, television broadcasts, concerts, sound recording and movies. They typically need postsecondary education depending on the work they perform. In addition to courses in math and science, coursework for prospective broadcast technicians should emphasize practical skills such as video editing and production management.

Occupational Title

California Orange County

Employment 2012 2022

Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings

Labor Demand Outlook

Median Hourly

Earnings Camera Operators, Television and Motion Picture 3,700 4,100 +11% 300 Increasing $23.66

Audio and Video Equipment Technicians 10,900 12,500 +15% 1,600 Increasing $22.47

Broadcast and Sound Engineering Technicians 5,300 5,400 +2% 110 Stable $21.95

UC A

A W

UC A

A

UC/CSU Visual and Performing Arts “f” requirement Articulated with community college UC A

7

Arts, Media and Entertainment Industry Sector Performing Arts Pathway Production and Managerial Arts Pathway

Course Titles Music Technology Professional Dance Theater Technology

Current and Future Employment With the economy on the rebound, the demand for performing arts productions is expected to rise. The job outlook varies greatly among occupations. Employment growth is projected to grow fastest for choreographers, as more people interested in pop culture enroll in dance schools.

Sound Engineering Technicians use computer software to record, edit, and mix music. In addition they set up, maintain, and operate equipment to produce music for concerts and soundtracks or radio and television programs. Sound engineer technicians typically need an associate’s degree. Because technology is constantly improving, technicians often enroll in continuing education courses and receive on-the-job training to become skilled in new equipment and software.

Dancers and Choreographers can pursue postsecondary education. Many colleges and universities offer bachelor’s degrees and/or master’s degrees in dance through the department of fine arts. Nearly all choreographers began their careers as dancers. Choreographers direct and stage dance presentations for various forms of entertainment and are expected to be able to layout sets and other artistic elements of productions in collaboration with cast members.

Set and Exhibit Designers study scripts, confer with directors, and conduct research to determine appropriate architectural style for special exhibits and movie, television, and theater sets. It is generally required for exhibit designers to hold a bachelor’s degree in a relevant field and have work experience in some aspect of the specific industry.

Occupational Title

California Orange County

Employment 2012 2022

Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings

Labor Demand Outlook

Median Hourly

Earnings Sound Engineering Technicians 5,300 5,400 +2% 110 Stable $21.95 Choreographer 2,100 2,700 +29% 120 Increasing $38.42 Dancers 2,300 2,500 +9% 90 Increasing $25.46 Set and Exhibit Designers 3,000 3,400 +13% 120 Increasing $25.67

UC

UC A

UC/CSU Visual and Performing Arts “f” requirement Articulated with community college UC A

8

Building and Construction Trades Sector Residential and Commercial Pathway

Course Title Construction Technology Construction Technology Pre-Apprenticeship

Current and Future Employment The Orange County Construction industry led the year-over gain (2014 and 2015) with the addition of 10,500 jobs. Nearly eighty percent of the increase in construction was in specialty trade contractors which added 8,300 jobs. The new, green economy is changing the face of construction with new types of jobs using new technologies and innovations on current practices. Solar panel installation or energy efficiency auditing are examples of new green jobs that build on skills that trained and qualified construction workers have had for years.

Specialty Trade Contractors usually work under the direction of a general contractor to carry out a component of an overall construction project. Specialty trade activities include pouring concrete, plumbing, painting, and electrical work. Specialty trade contractors usually perform most of their work at the construction site, although they may have shops where they perform prefabrication and other work.

California Registered Apprenticeship Programs offer the most comprehensive form of training. Most apprenticeship programs require 3-5 years of training with between 2,000 and 8,000 hours of on-the-job training and 144 hours of related technical instruction. Apprentices emerge from the programs proficient in safety and environmental laws and regulations, first aid and CPR, mathematics, drafting, blueprint reading and other sciences connected with the trade. Programs often include training in diversity, sexual harassment, personal development, environmental remediation and jobsite management.

Occupational Title

California Orange County

Employment 2012 2022

Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings

Labor Demand Outlook

Median Hourly

Earnings First-line supervisors/managers 46,800 60,100 +28% 1,840 Increasing $35.81 Electricians 48,700 59,500 +22% 2,000 Increasing $27.15 Plumbers 34,100 42,400 +24% 1,250 Increasing $24.98 Carpenters 94,700 122,700 +30% 3,970 Increasing $21.95 Construction Laborers 108,000 140,600 +29% 5,510 Increasing $15.68

A W

Articulated with Southern California Carpenters Union IATC Work-based learning course A W

9

Business and Finance Sector Business Management Pathway Financial Services Pathway

Course Titles Business Internship Computerized Accounting Financial Services Internship

Current and Future Employment The largest state job growth in the accounting industry is expected within the Los Angeles/Orange County geographic area, providing more than half of all new openings. Due to increased public and private scrutiny of companies’ financial activities, the demand for accountants, specifically forensic accounting, will be high.

Accountants and Auditors prepare and examine financial records. They ensure that financial records are accurate and that taxes are paid properly and on time. In addition, they assess financial operations and work to help ensure that organizations run efficiently. Most accountant and auditor positions require at least a bachelor’s degree in accounting or a related field. Some employers prefer to hire applicants with a master’s degree, either in accounting or in business administration with a concentration in accounting. Of all Accountants and Auditors working in California, about 40,000 (30 percent) are Certified Public Accountants.

Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks compute, classify, and record numerical data to keep financial records complete. They perform duties such as calculating, posting, and verifying primary financial data used in maintaining accounting records. Employers generally require bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks to have some postsecondary education, particularly coursework in accounting. However, some candidates can be hired with just a high school diploma. Job seekers with certifications or licensure, proficiency in accounting computer software or specialization have the best opportunities.

Financial Clerks and Tellers do administrative work for many types of organizations. They keep records, help customers, and carry out financial transactions. They work in bank branches, medical offices, and government agencies. A high school diploma is required and most learn their job duties through on-the-job training.

Occupational Title

California Orange County

Employment 2012 2022

Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings

Labor Demand Outlook

Median Hourly

Earnings Accountants and Auditors 151,900 177,500 +17% 7,060 Increasing $32.38 Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks 182,000 208,800 +15% 4,310 Increasing $20.26

Financial Clerks 6,500 7,700 +19% 300 Increasing $20.87 Tellers 52,900 54,00 +2% 2,570 Stable $13.23

W

A

W

Articulated with community college Work-based learning course A W

10

Education, Child Development and Family Services Sector Child Development Pathway Education Pathway

Course Titles Careers in Education Careers in Education (Docent Program) Careers with Children Cooperative Careers with Children Internship

Current and Future Employment Early childhood education is important for a child’s short- and long-term intellectual and social development. More preschool teachers will be needed as a result of the increasing demand for early childhood education in preparation for kindergarten.

K-12 School Teachers create and teach lesson plans for subjects, such as reading, science, social studies, andmath. In addition to earning a bachelor’s degree, they are required to complete a teacher preparation programand supervised student teaching. During their one year of student teaching, they work with a mentor teacherand get experience teaching students in a classroom setting. Additional credentialing requirements must bemet, as well. Obtaining a master’s degree results in greater knowledge of instruction, higher salary, andincreased administrative/supervisory opportunities.

Preschool Teachers instruct preschool-age children in activities designed to promote social, physical, and intellectual growth needed for primary school in preschools, and day care centers. They are required to have at least a high school diploma and a certification in early childhood education. Employers prefer to hire workers with at least some postsecondary education in early childhood education.

Childcare Workers often help care for preschool-age children. Childcare workers use play and other instructional techniques to help children’s development. They can also watch school-age children before and after school. A high school diploma is required, and in some cases a postsecondary education in early childhood education desired. Workers with postsecondary education or an early childhood education credential may be qualified for higher level positions.

Occupational Title

California Orange County

Employment 2012 2022

Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings

Labor Demand Outlook

Median Hourly

Earnings High School Teachers 88,900 94,700 +7% 3,000 Increasing $83,000 Yearly Middle School Teachers 49,100 55,700 +13% 1,740 Increasing $77,100 Yearly Elementary School Teachers 139,200 157,900 +13% 4,940 Increasing $78,100 Yearly Preschool Teachers 55,900 58,400 +5% 1,820 Increasing $15.04 Childcare Workers 109,600 117,200 +7% 3,980 Increasing $12.22

W

W

A W

A W

Articulated with community college Work-based learning course A W

11

Engineering and Architecture Sector Engineering Design Pathway

Course Titles Engineering Design Engineering Design and Development Engineering Innovations Introduction to Product Design & Engineering Principles of Engineering Rapid Product Development Rapid Product Development Advanced

Current and Future Employment The Bureau of Labor and Statistics (BLS) forecasts that, by 2022, California will have the largest Science, Technology, Engineering, Math (STEM) workforce in the nation. In May 2015, there were two STEM-related online job postings for every unemployed person with STEM skills. The continued demand for engineers and related positons is found across all engineering disciplines.

Materials Engineers evaluate resources and develop machinery and processes to manufacture materials for use in products that must meet specialized design and performance specification. Materials engineers must have a bachelor’s degree in materials science and engineering.

Engineering Technicians must have knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services. Engineering technicians need an associate’s degree or a certificate from a community college or technical institute.

Drafters use software to convert the designs of architects and engineers into technical drawings. Many drafters are referred to as CAD operators. Their drawings provide visual guidelines, important technical details, and specifications for dimensions, materials, and procedures. Drafters generally need to complete a 2-year associate’s degree from a community college or technical institute.

Occupational Title

California Orange County

Employment 2012 2022

Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings

Labor Demand Outlook

Median Hourly

Earnings Materials Engineers 2,700 2,800 +4% 100 Stable $54.48 Engineering Technicians 8,700 9,300 +7% 240 Increasing $28.72 Drafters 1,800 2,100 +17% 60 Increasing $20.42

UC A

UC A W

UC A W

UC

A

UC/CSU Preparatory Elective “g” requirement Articulated with community college Work-based learning course

UC A

W

12

Health Science and Medical Technology Sector Patient Care Pathway

Course Titles Dental Assistant Front Office Dental Assistant Back Office Dental Assistant Back Office Internship Registered Dental Assistant (RDA) Preparation

Current and Future Employment Employment for dental occupations is projected to grow much faster than the average for all occupations. Ongoing research linking oral health to general health will continue to spur demand for preventive dental services. Additionally, an aging baby-boomer population is projected to create a need for orthotic devices.

Dental Hygienists clean teeth, examine patients for signs of oral diseases, and provide other preventive dental care. Dental Hygienists need an associate’s degree in dental hygiene. Programs typically take three years to complete, and prepare students for state licensure. Almost a third of Dental Hygienists have bachelor’s degree.

Dental Assistants perform many tasks, ranging from providing patient care and taking x-rays to recordkeeping and scheduling appointments. Most accredited dental assistant programs take about 1 year to complete and lead to a certificate or diploma. Two-year postsecondary programs through community colleges lead to an associate’s degree. Certification as a registered dental assistant (RDA) expands the scope of work dental assistants are allowed to perform and increases their career opportunities.

Dental Laboratory Technicians construct, fit, or repair appliances and devices, including dentures, veneers, and crowns. Most dental laboratory technicians learn their skills through on-the-job training. They may begin pouring plaster for impressions to make a model, and advance to making porcelain crowns and bridges. High school students should take courses in science, math, computer programming, and art.

Occupational Title

California Orange County

Employment 2012 2022

Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings

Labor Demand Outlook

Median Hourly

Earnings Dental Hygienists 21,800 26,900 +23% 1,060 Increasing $47.84 Dental Assistants 45,200 52,200 +16% 1,640 Increasing $17.61 Dental Laboratory Technicians 4,500 4,900 +9% 190 Increasing $17.53

C

W C

C

Prepares students for industry certification Work-based learning course C W

13

Health Science and Medical Technology Sector Patient Care Pathway

Course Titles CNA (Pre-Certification) Internship Introduction to Medical Careers Medial Assistant Back Office Internship Medical Core Medical Nursing Careers Internship

Current and Future Employment Health Care was one of the few Orange County industries to experience growth during the Great Recession. Industry employment grew from 144,500 in January 2007 to 200,200 in June 2015, a 38 percent increase. Health Care offers a wide range of occupations, from entry-level positions to positions requiring specialized education training at wages commensurate with the county’s high cost of living.

Registered Nurses (RN) assess patient health problems and needs, develop and implement nursing care plans, and maintain medical records. They may advise patients on health maintenance and disease prevention or provide case management. Registered nurses usually take one of three education paths: a Bachelor of Science degree in nursing (BSN), an associate’s degree in nursing (ADN), or a diploma from an approved nursing program. They must also be state licensed.

Licensed Vocational Nurses (LVN) provide basic nursing care for ill, injured, or convalescing patients in hospitals, nursing homes, and clinics. They work under the direction of registered nurses and doctors. Postsecondary education is required in a state approved program, commonly found in community colleges and technical schools. State licensure is required, and attainment of advanced level certifications are desirable.

Medical Assistants (MA) complete administrative and clinical tasks in the offices of physicians, hospitals, and other healthcare facilities. Employers typically require some postsecondary education or training. These programs usually lead to a certificate or diploma. Classroom and clinical or laboratory portions include lessons in anatomy and medical terminology.

Certified Nursing Assistants (CNA) help provide basic care for patients in hospitals and residents of long-term facilities such as nursing homes. CNAs must complete a state-approved education program in which they learn the basic principles of nursing and complete supervised clinical work. After completing the program, they must take and pass a state administered competency exam.

Occupational Title

California Orange County

Employment 2012 2022

Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings

Labor Demand Outlook

Median Hourly

Earnings Registered Nurses 254,500 297,400 +17% 9,230 Increasing $42.46 Licensed Vocational Nurses 60,700 76,300 +26% 3,040 Increasing $23.68 Medical Assistants 81,600 100,500 +23% 3,450 Increasing $16.56 Certified Nursing Assistants 98,400 121,600 +24% 4,180 Increasing $13.12

W C

W A

W C

W A

Articulated with community college Prepares students for industry certification Work-based learning course

A C

W

14

Health Science and Medical Technology Sector Patient Care Pathway

Course Titles Sports Medicine Sports Medicine Advanced

Current and Future Employment More sophisticated treatments and advances in injury prevention and detection are projected to increase the demand for athletic trainers. Other occupations, such as physical therapists and physical therapist assistants, closely related to the study of sports medicine are projected to increase with an aging population.

Athletic Trainers specialize in preventing, diagnosing, and treating muscle and bone injuries and illnesses. Athletic trainers need at least a bachelor’s degree from a Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE) accredited college or university, and almost 70 percent have a master’s degree.

Occupational Therapy Assistants help patients develop, recover, and improve the skills needed for daily living and working. Occupational therapy assistants are directly involved in providing therapy to patients and work under the direction of occupational therapists. Occupational therapy assistants need an associate’s degree from an accredited program typically offered by community colleges. In addition to course work, at least 16 weeks of fieldwork is required to gain hands-on experience.

Physical Therapist Assistants work under the direction and supervision of physical therapists. They help patients who are recovering from injuries and illnesses regain movement and manage pain. Physical therapist assistants must have at least an associate’s degree from an accredited physical therapist assistant program. In addition, they are required to pass the National Physical Therapy Exam for therapist assistants.

Occupational Title

California Orange County

Employment 2012 2022

Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings

Labor Demand Outlook

Median Hourly

Earnings

Athletic Trainers 1,200 1,400 +17% 50 Increasing $51,000 Yearly

Occupational Therapy Assistants 1,600 2,300 +44% 100 Increasing $34.94 Physical Therapist Assistants 4,500 6,100 +36% 250 Increasing $33.64

UC A W

UC/CSU Laboratory Science “d” requirement Articulated with community college Work-based learning course

UC A

W

15

Health Science and Medical Technology Sector Patient Care Pathway

Course Titles Medical Assistant Front Office Internship Medical Office Management & Billing Medical Terminology Pharmacy Technician Pharmacy Technician Internship

Current and Future Employment The employment outlook continues to be strong for health care related occupations. Employment for pharmacy technicians is projected to increase, due in part to the expanded role of the pharmacist to perform more patient care activities, thus requiring technicians to take on an expanded role and perform task formerly done by pharmacists.

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians organize and manage health information data. They ensure that the information maintains its quality, accuracy, accessibility, and security in both paper files and electronic systems. A high school diploma and previous experience in a healthcare setting are enough to qualify for some positions, but most jobs required a postsecondary certificate and associate’s degree in health information technology.

Pharmacy Technicians help pharmacists dispense prescription medication to customers or health professionals. They work under the direction of a licensed pharmacist in retail pharmacies, grocery stores, hospitals, and other healthcare facilities. California licensed pharmacy technicians must have a high school diploma and pass a criminal background check. In addition, they must meet one of the following education requirements: (1) obtain an associate’s degree in pharmacy technology, (2) complete a course of training specified by the California State Board of Pharmacy, (3) graduate from a board recognized School of Pharmacy, or (4) obtain certification by the Pharmacy Technician Certification Board by passing the Pharmacy Technician Certification Exam.

Medical Assistants perform administrative and certain clinical duties. Administrative duties may include scheduling appointments, maintain medical records, billing, and coding for insurance purposes. Although there are not formal educational requirements for becoming a medical assistant, employers prefer to hire assistants with a postsecondary education or a certificate.

Occupational Title

California Orange County

Employment 2012 2022

Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings

Labor Demand Outlook

Median Hourly

Earnings Medical Records and Health Information Technicians 16,500 19,900 +21% 780 Increasing $18.32

Pharmacy Technicians 31,400 37,200 +19% 900 Increasing $17.73 Medical Assistants 81,600 100,500 +23% 18,900 Increasing $16.56

W

C

W C

Prepares students for industry certification Articulated with community college Work-based learning course

C A

W

16

Hospitality, Tourism and Recreation Sector Food Service and Hospitality Pathway Hospitality, Tourism, and Recreation Pathway

Course Titles Baking & Pastry Fundamentals Culinary Arts Culinary Arts (Advanced) Culinary Arts Internship Food Services Cooperative Hotel & Tourism Internship

Current and Future Employment Orange County is one of America’s top tourist destinations; 44.3 million people visited in 2015. These visitors contributed almost $10 billion dollars to the local economy, supporting nearly 200,000 jobs. Many jobs in this industry serve as the perfect spring board for higher paying jobs in other industries by providing the training and experience needed for workers to achieve upward mobility. Entry-level tourism occupations develop valuable transferable skills, such as customer service, which can be stepping-stones to higher paying occupations either in tourism directly or in other industries.

Lodging Managers ensure the establishment is run efficiently and profitably. Most full-service hotel chains hire candidates with a bachelor’s degree in hospitality or hotel management.

Food Service Managers are responsible for the daily operation of restaurants and other establishments that prepare and serve food and beverages. They coordinate activities of the kitchen and dining room staff to ensure that customers are served properly and in a timely manner. Although a bachelor’s degree is not required, some postsecondary education is increasingly preferred for managerial positions, especially in hotels.

Chefs and Head Cooks oversee the daily food preparation, direct kitchen staff, and handle any food-related concerns. Although postsecondary education is not required for chefs, many attend programs at community colleges, culinary art schools, or 4-year colleges.

Desk Clerks accommodate hotel, motel, and resort patrons by registering and assigning rooms to guests, making and confirming reservations, and presenting statements to and collecting payments from departing guests. Most employers require at least a high school diploma and look for service-oriented people.

Occupational Title

California Orange County

Employment 2012 2022

Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings

Labor Demand Outlook

Median Hourly

Earnings Lodging Managers 6,500 6,600 +2% 210 Stable $25.72 Food Service Managers 3,430 3,460 +1% 60 Stable $22.53 Chefs and Head Cooks 15,300 17,400 +14% 450 Increasing $18.78 Desk Clerks 23,400 26,700 +14% 1,440 Increasing $12.41

A W

A W

W

W A

W

W A C

Prepares students for industry certification Articulated with community college Work-based learning course

C A

W

17

Information and Communication Technology Sector Software and Systems Development Pathway Information Support and Services Pathway

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Course Titles AP Computer Science A AP Computer Science Principles Computer Programming Computer Science Principles Microsoft Tools Programming and Robotics

Current and Future Employment Information Technology (IT) continues to evolve at a pace rarely seen in any industry around the world. Orange County’s geographical location and strong business community have made it a hub for IT firms. However, IT firms in the area report a lack of qualified individuals who possess both broad the IT skill set and business acumen needed. IT occupations provide both high salaries and employment growth, which is slated to continue over the next decade.

Computer Programmers create, modify, and test the code, forms, and script that allow computer applications to run. They turn the program designs created by software developers and engineers into instructions that a computer can follow. Most programmers have an associate’s or bachelor’s degree in computer science. In addition, programmers can become certified in specific programming languages.

Computer Support Specialists help IT staff analyze, troubleshoot, and evaluate computer network problems. Educational requirements vary with the level of responsibility applicants who have taken some computer-related classes are often qualified. Many employers accept applicants with an associate’s degree as network support specialists.

Electro-mechanical Technicians combine knowledge of mechanical technology with knowledge of electrical and electronic circuits. They operate, test, and maintain unmanned, automated, robotic, or electro-mechanical equipment. The necessary knowledge and education for employment is gained through an associate’s degree program in electro-mechanical engineering technology, as well as certificate programs.

Occupational Title

California Orange County

Employment 2012 2022

Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings

Labor Demand Outlook

Median Hourly

Earnings Computer Programmers 39,900 44,700 +12% 1,530 Increasing $41.14 Computer Support Specialists 18,200 20,100 +10% 470 Increasing $32.58 Electro-mechanical Technicians 2,800 3,000 +7% 70 Increasing $22.11

A

AP

W

UC

A

A

UC/CSU Preparatory Elective “g” requirement Articulated with community college Work-based learning course Advanced Placement Course

UC A

W AP

18

Manufacturing and Product Development Sector Machining and Forming Technologies Pathway

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Course Titles Computer Integrated Manufacturing Manufacturing Engineering Technology Manufacturing Engineering Technology (Advanced)

Current and Future Employment Advanced Manufacturing sets itself apart from traditional “smokestack” manufacturing through its high tech products and efficient manufacturing process. Nearly 55 percent of Orange County manufacturing falls under this category. As automation and digital supply chain management become standard across manufacturing companies, advanced manufacturing will continue to evolve and become more complex. Top trends in advanced manufacturing impacting the workforce include 3-D printing, and high-speed computerized numerical control (CNC) machining.

CNC Machine Tool Operators operate computer-controlled machines or robots to perform one or more machine functions on metal or plastic work pieces. In addition to formal education, employers seek CNC machine operators with experience in the field. Such hands-on experience may be gained through the lab courses offered as part of certificate or associate’s degree programs. Certification from the National Institute for Metalworking Skills, Inc. (NIMS) is recommended.

CNC Machine Tool Programmers develop programs to control machining or processing of metal or plastic parts by automatic machine tools, equipment, or systems. To be successful, students need to be skilled and master the use of sophisticated machines and software such as CAD/CAM, SolidWorks, and CNC machinery software. CNC programmers usually follow one of the following training paths: formal apprenticeships, community college programs, certificate programs, or extensive on-the-job training. Certification from the National Institute for Metalworking Skills, Inc. (NIMS) is recommended.

Machinists set up and operate a variety of computer-controlled and mechanically-controlled machine tools to produce precision parts and instruments. They may also fabricate and modify parts to make or repair machine tools or maintain industrial machines, applying knowledge of mechanics, mathematics, metal properties, layout, and machining procedures. Some community colleges have 2-year programs that teach design and blueprint reading, use of welding and cutting tools, and the programming and function of CNC machines.

Occupational Title

California Orange County

Employment 2012 2022

Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings

Labor Demand Outlook

Median Hourly

Earnings CNC Machine Tool Operators 8,600 10,000 +16% 380 Increasing $26.53 CNC Tool Programmers 2,500 3,600 +44% 180 Increasing $26.53 Machinists 34,000 39,200 +15% 1,300 Increasing $18.00

UC

A

A

UC/CSU Preparatory Elective “g” requirement Articulated with community college UC A

19

Marketing Sales and Service Sector Professional Sales Pathway

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Course Titles Diversified Service Careers Internship Marketing Principles Retail & Service Careers Cooperative Retail Sales & Merchandising Internship

Current and Future Employment The retail sector occupies a prominent place in the economy at both the national and local levels. Orange County retailers generate an enormous number of jobs that provide employment for individual across a wide range of skill and income levels.

Retail Sales Supervisors monitor the work of sales-related workers, cashiers, and customer service representatives. Retail Supervisors and Managers are generally responsible for interviewing, hiring, and training employees. They also prepare work schedules and assign workers to specific jobs. Their responsibilities may include purchasing, budgeting, accounting, or responding to customer inquiries or complaints. Retail Managers put company policies and security procedures into effect. Many employers prefer to hire First-Line Supervisors with a high school diploma or equivalent. Large retail chains often offer company-sponsored formal management trainee programs that include classroom and on-site training.

Customer Service Representatives interact with customers to handle complaints, process orders, and provide information about an organization’s products and services. Although customer service representatives are employed in nearly every industry, many work in telephone call centers, credit and insurance agencies, banks, and retail stores. About 1 in 5 worked part time in 2014. Customer service representatives typically need a high school diploma and receive on-the-job training to learn the specific skills needed for the job. In certain industries, such as finance and insurance, customer service representatives must be licensed.

Retail Salespersons help customers find what they are looking for, provide information on products’ features, and conduct financial transactions. Employers look for new hires to be at least 16 years old with good customer service and verbal communication skills. However, most employers require at least a high school diploma or the equivalent, especially for Salespersons who sell technical and more expensive items. A college degree may be required for management trainee positions, especially in larger retail establishments. Generally, Retail Salespersons receive on-the-job training lasting a few days to a few months.

Occupational Title

California Orange County

Employment 2012 2022

Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings

Labor Demand Outlook

Median Hourly

Earnings Retail Sales Supervisors 161,800 176,000 +9% 4,940 Increasing $19.04 Customer Service Representatives 195,300 227,300 +16% 8,520 Increasing $18.41 Retail Salespersons 468,400 528,100 +13% 22,000 Increasing $10.97

W

W

W

Work-based learning course W

20

Marketing Sales and Service Sector Entrepreneurship and Self-Employment Pathway

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Course Titles

Entrepreneurship Sports & Entertainment Marketing Virtual Enterprise

Current and Future Employment One of Orange County’s greatest attributes is its vibrant entrepreneurial climate, considered among the best in the nation. The ingenuity of Orange County’s entrepreneurs is reflected in the growth of patents. 3,250 U.S. patents were granted in 2014, marking a 12 percent increase over 2013. In addition, a strong network of small businesses reflect the county’s entrepreneurial spirit. Small businesses (0-4 employees) comprise 61 percent of the businesses in Orange County.

Entrepreneurs choose to become self-employed for many reasons, including greater independence and flexibility. But they also consider the downsides, such as the long hours and lack of benefits. As part of the decision-making process, those considering self-employment should weigh the pros and cons of starting a business, along with reasons for seeking self-employment. One of the most important requirements for self-employment, business experts say, is having the technical skills and knowledge you need to do the work you want to do. Other technical skills, such as bookkeeping and marketing, are helpful for operating a business. These technical skills can be acquired in a class at school, with the help of a mentor, or independently. Higher education, although not a prerequisite for success, is often useful.

Market Research Analysts are responsible for creating surveys, conducting focus groups, and analyzing the data that is gathered. They use statistical procedures to analyze the data to help their employer or client understand the wants and needs of the consumers. Once the data has been collected and analyzed, they write reports and give presentations on their findings. Job prospects are best for those with a master’s degree or higher.

Public Relations Specialists create and maintain a favorable public image for the organization they represent. They design media releases to shape public perception of their organization and to increase awareness of its work and goals. Public Relations Specialists typically need a bachelor’s degree. Employers prefer candidates who have studied public relations, journalism, communications, English, or business. Internships at public relations firms or in the public relations departments of other businesses can be helpful in getting a job as a Public Relations Specialist. Some employers prefer candidates that have experience communicating with others through a school newspaper or a leadership position in school or in their community.

Occupational Title

California Orange County

Employment 2012 2022

Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings

Labor Demand Outlook

Median Hourly

Earnings Market Research Analysts 70,900 99,400 +40% 3,830 Increasing $32.41 Public Relations Specialists 22,800 25,800 +13% 610 Increasing $31.18

UC A

UC A W

UC/CSU Preparatory elective “g” requirement Articulated with community college Work-based learning course

UC A

W

21

Public Services Sector Public Safety Pathway

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Course Titles Administration of Justice Crime Scene Investigation

Current and Future Employment More opportunities are expected in local police departments than in federal and state law enforcement agencies. Because of attractive salaries and benefit packages, there is a larger supply of qualified applicants than there are jobs in federal and state law enforcement agencies, resulting in increased hiring standards and selectivity by employers. Stiff competition exists for higher paying jobs with state and federal agencies in more affluent areas.

Police and Sheriff Patrol Officers maintain order, enforce laws and ordinances, and protect life and property in an assigned patrol district. Police and sheriff candidates must graduate from their agency’s training academy before completing a period of on-the-job training. Large municipalities will hire 21 year old applicants with a high school diploma. However, applicants with military police experience or a college degree, with an emphasis in police science, have the best opportunities. Many community colleges, 4-year colleges, and universities offer programs in law enforcement and criminal justice.

Forensic Science Technicians collect, identify, classify, and analyze physical evidence related to criminal investigations. They perform tests on weapons or substances, such as fiber, hair, and tissue to determine significance to an investigation, and may testify as expert witnesses on evidence or crime laboratory techniques. Technicians need at least a bachelor’s degree in a natural science, such as chemistry or biology, or in forensic science.

Police, Fire, and Ambulance Dispatchers, commonly called Public Safety Dispatchers or 911 Operators, take calls for police, fire, or ambulance assistance, and dispatch emergency personnel and vehicles. If certified for emergency medical services, the Dispatcher may provide medical instruction to those on the scene of the emergency until the medical staff arrives. Completion of the 120-hour POST-certified Safety Dispatchers’ Basic Course is the entry-level training requirement for dispatchers employed by most agencies.

Occupational Title

California Orange County

Employment 2012 2022

Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings

Labor Demand Outlook

Median Hourly

Earnings Police and Sheriff Patrol Officers 67,300 71,900 +7% 2,570 Increasing $42.43 Forensic Science Technicians 2,000 2,100 +5% 90 Stable $36.15 Police, Fire, and Ambulance Dispatchers 6,800 7,500 +10% 260 Increasing $32.22

22

Public Services Sector Emergency Response Pathway

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Course Titles Emergency Medical Responder (EMR) Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Fire Science 101

Current and Future Employment Most job openings will be created by the need to replace Fire Fighters who retire, transfer to supervisory positions, or leave the field for other reasons. Fire Fighting occupations attract many job seekers because the work is challenging, a high school diploma is sufficient for entry, and pensions are offered upon retirement. The number of qualified applicants is usually greater than the number of job openings in Orange County.

Fire Inspectors and Investigators examine buildings to detect fire hazards and ensure that federal, state, and local fire codes are met. Fire Inspectors work both in offices and in the field. Forest Fire Inspectors and prevention specialists check on outdoor installations and land to assess fire risk. Because Fire Inspectors and Investigators typically have previous work experience as a Firefighter or Police Officer, many have completed a postsecondary educational program for Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs). Some employers prefer candidates with a 2- or 4-year degree in fire science, engineering, or chemistry.

Firefighters control and put out fires, and respond to emergency situations where life, property, or the environment is at risk. Prospective Firefighters must pass written and physical tests, complete a series of interviews, a background check, and complete training at a fire academy. Applicants can improve their employment opportunities by completing a Fire Fighting program at a community college, and by obtaining Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) certification.

Emergency Medical Technicians (EMT) respond to emergency calls, perform medical services and transport patients to medical facilities. Job opportunities are best with private ambulance services. The EMTs who have advanced education and certifications, such as paramedic-level certification, should enjoy the most favorable job prospects, as clients demand higher levels of care before arriving at the hospital. EMTs must pass both the written and practical parts of the National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians (NREMT).

Occupational Title

California Orange County

Employment 2012 2022

Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings

Labor Demand Outlook

Median Hourly

Earnings Fire Inspectors and Investigators 1,000 1,100 +10% 40 Stable $41.67 Firefighters 28,700 30,500 +6% 970 Stable $36.18 Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) 16,800 20,700 +23% 850 Increasing $14.21

C W

A

Prepares students for industry certification Articulated with community college Work-based learning course

C A

W

23

Transportation Sector Systems Diagnostics, Service and Repair Pathway

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Course Titles Automotive Technology Automotive Technology Internship Automotive Technology Pre-Apprenticeship

Current and Future Employment The need for Automotive Service Technicians will remain very strong as the number of vehicles in operation increases, reflecting the continued growth in the number of multi-car families. Job opportunities in this occupation are expected to be very good for persons who complete automotive training programs in high school, vocational and technical schools, or community colleges. Persons with good diagnostic and problem-solving abilities, and whose training includes basic electronics and computer courses, have the best opportunities. However, persons without formal automotive training are likely to face competition for entry-level jobs. Most persons who enter the occupation can expect steady work, even through downturns in the economy. Employment growth will continue to be concentrated in automobile dealerships and independent automotive repair shops.

Automotive Service Technicians inspect, repair, and maintain automobiles and other gasoline, diesel, or alternate-fueled vehicles. Today’s automobiles are run by complex computers and integrated electronic systems. The work of Automotive Service Technicians has progressed from mechanical repair into a high-technology job. The advances in automotive technology create a need for workers who can use computerized shop equipment and work with electronic components while maintaining their skills with traditional hand tools. Due to the complexity of today’s automotive technology, most employers prefer to hire employees with a high school diploma who have completed a postsecondary vocational or community college automotive technician training program.

Bus and Truck Mechanics repair and maintain heavy duty vehicles used in transportation and elsewhere. Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists will play an important role in the emerging green economy. They will assist in reducing the environmental impacts of vehicle emissions while increasing fuel efficiency. Mechanics’ work has become increasingly complex as vehicles are using alternative fuels and more electronic components. Mechanics need to keep up with the latest developments in technology. To keep current, they can take advantage of training programs offered by professional associations or take classes at local community colleges or trade schools.

Occupational Title

California Orange County

Employment 2012 2022

Percent Change

Projected Annual

Job Openings

Labor Demand Outlook

Median Hourly

Earnings Automotive Service Technicians 64,200 73,800 +15% 2,590 Increasing $26.63 Bus and Truck Mechanics 21,700 24,600 +13% 760 Increasing $26.01

W A

W

W A

Work-based learning course Articulated with community college W A

24

Data Sources

2015 Economic Outlook and Forecasts. (2015). Retrieved from CSUF Mihaylo College of Business and Economics: http://business.fullerton.edu/Center/EconomicAnalysisAndForecasting/#Reports

2015-2016 Orange County Workforce Indicators Report. (2015). Retrieved from Orange County Workforce Investment Board: http://ocwib.org/

2016 OCBC Annual Report. (2016). Retrieved from Orange County Business Council:http://www.ocbc.org/

ACTE-NRCCUA College and Career Ready Inforgrapic.pdf. (2016, March). Retrieved from Association for Career & Technical Education: www.acteonline.org

California Occupational Guides. (2016, March). Retrieved from California Employment Development Department : http://www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov/occguides/

Career Exploration and Job Analysis. (2016, March). Retrieved from O*NET Online:http://www.onetonline.org/

Occupational Outlook Handbook. (2016, March). Retrieved from Buereau of Labor Statistics:http://www.bls.gov/ooh/

Regional Economic Analysis Profile - Orange County. (2015, April). Retrieved from California Employment Development Department:http://www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov/Regional_Economic_Analysis_Profiles.html

Data Notes

Median Hourly Earnings are based on 2014 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data for the Santa Ana, Anaheim-Irvine, CA Metropolitan Division.

Projected Annual Job Openings refers to the average annual job openings due to growth and net replacement in California as anticipated by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

25