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Lab Week 7 Part 1

Radius and Ulna

Part 1 Activities

1. Observe bones and structures from list

2. Labeling Lab Manual page 113 #6

Part 2

Femur, Tibia, & Fibula

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Part 2 Activities

1. Observe bones and structures from list

2. Labeling Lab Manual page 116, #16

3. Time?

a. Lab Manual page 111, #1

b. Lab Manual page 115, #15

Part 3

Skull

Notes may be found in your packet: SS 27-28

Functions of the Skull

• Support

• Movement

• Protection

The Skull

22 bones, 2 groups

1. Cranial bones (8)

• Enclose the brain in the cranial cavity

• Provide sites of attachment for head and neck muscles

• Provide support

The Skull

2. Facial bones (14 bones)

• Framework of face

• Cavities for special sense organs of sight, taste, and

smell

• Openings for air and food passage

• Sites of attachment for teeth and muscles of facial

expression

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Sutures

• Immovable joints

– Become more complex with age

• Fontanelles

– Soft regions of connective tissue holding bones

together at birth

• Permits

– Brain growth

– Entry into birth canal

– Normally replaced by bone by about 1 year of age

Bones of cranium (cranial vault)

Lambdoid

suture

Facial

bones

Squamous

suture

Cranial and facial divisions of the skull

Coronal

suture

Occipitomastoid

suture

Foramina

• Allow passage of blood vessels and nerves

• About 85 named openings (foramina, canals,

fissures)

• Largest is the foramen magnum

Sinuses

• Cavities lined with mucous membranes & ciliated epithelium

– Frontal sinus

– Sphenoidal sinus

– Maxillary sinus

– Ethmoid air cells

• Functions

– Lighten the skull

– Resonation chambers for the voice

• Sinusitis

Frontalsinus

Ethmoidalair cells(sinus)

Maxillarysinus

Sphenoidsinus

Frontalsinus

Ethmoidalair cells

Maxillarysinus

Sphenoidsinus

(a) Anterior aspect (b) Medial aspect

Paranasal Sinuses Cranial and Facial Bones

Cranial Bones

• Frontal bone

• Parietal bones (2)

• Occipital bone

• Temporal bones (2)

• Sphenoid bone

• Ethmoid bone

Facial Bones

• Mandible

• Maxillary bones (maxillae)

(2)

• Zygomatic bones (2)

• Nasal bones (2)

• Lacrimal bones (2)

• Palatine bones (2)

• Vomer

• Inferior nasal conchae (2)

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Coronal suture Frontal bone

Sphenoid bone(greater wing)

Ethmoid bone

Lacrimal bone

Nasal bone

Zygomaticbone

Maxilla

Alveolarmargins

Mandible

Mental foramen

Parietal bone

Lambdoidsuture

SquamoussutureOccipitalbone

OccipitomastoidsutureExternal acousticmeatus

Mastoid process

Styloid process

Mandibular condyle

Mandibular notch

Mandibular ramus

External anatomy of the right side of the skull

Mandibular angle Coronoid process

Zygomaticprocess

Temporal bone

Parietal bone

Nasal bone

Sphenoid bone

Temporal bone

Ethmoid bone

Lacrimal bone

Zygomatic bone

Maxilla

Mandible

Mental

foramen

Anterior view

Frontal bone

Middle nasal

concha

Vomer

Perpendicular

plate

Ethmoid

bone

Hypophyseal fossa

of sella turcica

Temporal bone

Parietal bone

Occipital bone

Foramen magnum

Superior view of the skull, calvaria removed

Frontal bone

Olfactory foramina

Optic canal

Internal acoustic

meatus

Cribriform plateEthmoid

boneCrista galli

Sphenoid Lesser wing

Greater wing

View

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Part 3 Activities

1. Observe bones and structures from list

2. Label skull diagram provided