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Lab Week 6

The Skeletal System

Part 1

Axial versus appendicular skeleton

Bone markings

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Part 1 Activities

1. Labeling Lab Manual page 117

2. Complete Skeletal System 19 (packet)

3. Complete Exercise 9 Handout Part 2

Vertebral Column

Refer to Skeletal System 28-29 for notes

Vertebral Column

• Structure

– Vertebrae (26 bones)

– Intervertebral discs

• Functions

– Protection

– Support

– Movement

Vertebral Column

• Curvatures

– Increase the resilience and flexibility of the spine

• 2 posteriorly concave curvatures

– Cervical and lumbar

• 2 posteriorly convex curvatures

– Thoracic and sacral

Vertebral Column

– Abnormal spine curvatures

• Scoliosis (abnormal lateral curve)

• Kyphosis (hunchback)

• Lordosis (swayback)

Intervertebral

disc

Intervertebral foramen

Anulus fibrosus

Nucleus pulposus

Sectioned bodyof vertebra

Transverse process

Sectionedspinous process

Ligamentum flavum

Median section of three vertebrae, illustrating the composition

of the discs and the ligaments

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Posterior

Anterior

Lamina

Transverseprocess

Pedicle

Spinousprocess

Vertebralarch

VertebralforamenBody(centrum)

Part 2 Activities

1. Lab Manual page 91, #10 only

2. Lab Manual page 92, # 11 only

3. Lab Handouts page 17

4. Study the bones on your testable list

Hint: Use Lab Manual pages 81-85 for reference

Part 3

Thorax and Scapula

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Pectoral Girdle

• A.k.a. Thoracic or shoulder girdle

• Components

– Clavicle

– Scapula

• Function

– Attach upper limbs to axial skeleton

– Attachment points for muscles

Part 3 Activities

1. Lab Manual page 94 (thorax), #18-21

2. Lab Manual page 112 (scapula), #5 only

3. Study the bones on your testable list

Hint: Use Lab Manual pages 86-87 and 99-100 for reference

Part 4

Pelvic Girdle

Refer to Skeletal System 30 for notes

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The Pelvic Girdle

• Components

– Ossa coxae (hip bones)

• Ilium

• Ischium

• Pubis

• Function

– Supports trunk

– Leg attachment

Pelvic Girdle

Female Male

General structure Less massive Massive, robust, heavy

Sacrum Broad, less curved Narrow, more curved

Symphysis Shallow Wide

Pelvic inlet Larger, circular Narrower, heart shaped

Pelvic outlet Wide, ischial spines

spaced

Narrow, ischial spines

close

Pubic arch Obtuse angle >90° Acute angle <90°

Obturator foramen Triangular Oval

Iliac crest Low High

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Part 4 Activities

1. Lab Manual page 114, #10 only

2. Identify the sex of the 3 skeletons provided

3. Study the bones on your testable list

Hint: Use Lab Manual pages 104-106 for reference

Part 5

Humerus

Part 5 Activities

1. Lab Manual page 113, #6 Humerus only

2. Study the bone and structures on your

testable list

Hint: Use Lab Manual page 101 for reference