Lab Activity 8Axial Skeleton

Martini Chapter 7

Axial Skeleton

Skull

Spine

Thoracic Cage

Hyoid bone

Cervical Spine

7 Vertebra

C1-C7

Concave Posterior

Thoracic Spine

12 Vertebra

T1-T12

Convex Posterior

Attach to the ribs

Lumbar Spine

5 Vertebra

L1-L5

Concave Posterior

Sacral Spine

5 Fused Vertebra

“Sacrum”

Coccyx

4 Fused Vertebra

BODY

VERTEBRAL ARCH

PEDICLE

LAMINA

TRANSVERSE PROCESS

SPINOUS PROCESS

VERTEBRAL FORAMEN

vertebrae

vertebrae

SUPERIOR ARTICULAR PROCESS

INFERIOR ARTICULAR PROCESS

VERTEBRAL NOTCH

Intervertebral Foraminae

VERTEBRAL NOTCH COMBINED WITH LOWER VERTEBRA MAKES AN INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMEN

NERVE ROOT EXITS HERE

Intervertebral Diskannulus fibrosus

fibrocartilage

nucleus pulposis

gel-like center

Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)

BODY

VERTEBRALFORAMEN

BIFID SPINOUS PROCESS

Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)

TRANSVERSE PROCESSES

TRANSVERSE FORAMEN

Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)

SUPERIOR ARTICULAR

FACET

SUPERIOR ARTICULAR PROCESS

Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)

VERTEBRAL ARCH

Cervical Vertebrae C1: Atlas

SUPERIOR ARTICULAR

FACET

Cervical Vertebrae C2: Axis

ODONTOID PROCESS (DENS)

Cervical VertebraeC1 & C2 Joined Together

PEG OF THE DENS ATTACHES TO THE ANTERIOR PART OF THE C1 VERTEBRA

Thoracic VertebraeDOWNWARD-SLOPING, THIN SPINOUS PROCESSCOSTAL FACETS

RIB ATTACHMENTS

Lumbar Vertebrae

THICK, STURDY BODY

THICK PROCESSES

Sacrum

5 FUSED VERTEBRAE

SACRAL PROMONTORY

SACRAL FORAMINA

Sacroiliac Joints

CONNECTION BETWEEN THE SACRUM AND THE HIP BONES

Coccyx

4 RUDIMENTARY VERTEBRAE

Hyoid Bone

GREATER HORN LESSER HORN

BODY

Sternum

MANUBRIUM

BODY

STERNAL ANGLE

XYPHOID PROCESS

OSSIFIES AT AGE 40

Ribs 1-7: True Ribs

TRUE RIBS CONNECT DIRECTLY TO THE STERNUM

Ribs 8-10: False Ribs

FALSE RIBS CONNECT INTO A COMMON COSTAL CARTILAGE

Ribs 11 & 12: Floating Ribs

NO CONNECTION TO THE STERNUM

Ribs

Ribs Attached to Thoracic Vertebrae

Costovertebral Angle

Frontal BoneSUPRAORBITAL RIDGE

Frontal BoneFRONTAL

SINUS

Parietal Bone

Parietal Bone

Temporal Bone

Temporal Bone

Temporal Bone

MASTOID PROCESS

ZYGOMATIC ARCH

MANDIBULAR FOSSA

EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS

STYLOID PROCESS

Temporal Bone

JUGULAR FORAMEN

CAROTID CANAL

Occipital Bone

Occipital Bone

External occipitalprotuberance

OCCIPITAL CONDYLES

FORAMEN MAGNUM

Sphenoid BoneLESSER WINGGREATER

WING

PTERYGOID PROCESS

MEDIAL PTERYGOID

PLATE

LATERAL PTERYGOID

PLATE

Sphenoid Bone

SPHENOID SINUS

PTERYGOID PROCESS

Sphenoid Bone

LESSER WING

GREATER WING

SELLA TURCICA

HYPOPHYSEAL FOSSA

DORSUM SELLAE

Ethmoid BoneCRISTA GALLI

PERPENDICULAR PLATE

CRIBRIFORM PLATE

Ethmoid Bone

PERPENDICULAR PLATE

MIDDLE NASAL

CONCHAE

Ethmoid Bone

CRIBRIFORM PLATE

PERPENDICULAR PLATE

CRISTAE GALLI

CraniumFloorANTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSAMIDDLE CRANIAL FOSSA

POSTERIORCRANIAL FOSSA

Sagittal Suture

BETWEEN THE RIGHT AND

LEFT PARIETAL

BONES

Coronal Suture

BETWEEN THE PARIETAL

BONES AND THE FRONTAL

BONE

Squamous Suture

BETWEEN THE PARIETAL BONE AND

THE TEMPORAL

BONE

Lambdoid Suture

BETWEEN THE PARIETAL

BONES AND THE

OCCIPITAL BONE

Wormian (Sutural) Bones

Small islands of bone that fill gaps in sutures.

PRESENT IN VARYING AMOUNTS

Fetal Skull

Fetal SkullSuperior View

Maxilla HARD PALATE

Mandible

RAMUSMANDIBULAR CONDYLECORONOID PROCESS

ANGLEBODY

MENTAL FORAMENALVEOLAR PROCESS

Mandible

MYLOHYOID LINE

MANDIBULAR FORAMEN

PALATINE BONE

VOMER

PALATINE BONE

VOMER

Zygomatic BoneTEMPORAL PROCESS

ZYGOMATIC ARCH

Facial BonesNASAL

LACRIMAL

Facial Bones

PERPENDICULAR PLATE

(ETHMOID)

MIDDLE NASALCONCHAE (ETHMOID)

INFERIOR NASAL CONCHAE

VOMER

Orbit

Sinuses FRONTALETHMOID

MAXILLARYSPHENOID