. . . . . . r' ,, ,'-- ,:..- ..- : . ..-, ..,! - ; . ' " . . . . .:,.:,,:, .'.<a.;.. - -. ..,.;, ':./ - ; . L . . r ~ + ~ $ ~

. . . .:I. . . .:. , ... . IJe*, .wek(., :?qJ, .G*; :: . . F;; :, ,:%;:y;:.! ; . ..;;;??;;;;;. :: i-:::.; ,: ' _ I ' . . , * I i-.. - - 2 . . . , .,.,, -..::i$:.;~j;:.r;.

f .. , , .. , . , , ............ . .;..- .. ::':' ?:.-. : . - . . . . . : .; ..,<..!.,. . * . . c.. $-- " s* <

:.;:?,; .,.:..$..,; - , , G ,:: .,<-;-.;:;., ..'.;.!.--. .....;.. z:.:.. ?:.:-s;-:... ->. ." Qy ? 21 A: . - . ' . . -4 . . -. % :.,-:. .... ...*-.+*> .. ,... . :;;,. y.mdc-.. ~ Z i . . \ . .;: ..,: ,&" * ,-,,.$;;vf* 8fl!+&. i4' . . 722 ..: , 1. . ' , : . ...; ... ;:;s ,:-: . . .;. i::.nu&i8,$&ia .': 'i&i Baa,;::; .-, <: : . [D&,em60rl-4~~~ . .S 4 .. . . . . . . . +:; ........ - - . . ' . . '.,* * - . . ' : . . . .... , . ,, , ,;. - .x;*j$1..

. . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... :La;. , - ,., . , . - . . , , . . . . * ..*+.<-r' ";'

. . . . ,, _ . ., ,: :&. ;; .. . i i .: .; .,:,.\:.. ;;. :.<-.: 'i?&;;:::,;; . ; , ; :;;:; ... ,;::w!,:;i.;;:::.> . ; ; , I :..,;, >,, .,*. ... . : .,?. ,:..a : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ - : _ ;. -r.,,,: ,..;.- -c **I; ...,.,. .;..!f

. . . ...,.. .,.., :. ..,;:.:;'..:.. .!.'.. . . . . . . ,. . .-: ..:: ..*, ..... . :i.- l.,,..*.t . :: ::.a ... . . , . . . ..;. ...... . _ . : .- .. " . : . ; B ~ B I $ ~ ~ . ~ . ~ D - ~ T I J E ~ B ~ ~ ' ~ . . , : : ~ . ~ ; . , A . . . . . ;,..r:,-:;: ... f : '.:'. ' .::;i!-- .. ' %,;!.'*' i ...... ,.., :., ........ ,,.. .',.,:::" ',.".. '.. ..,.. -.,:*

,.-" ,. ., ;; , :.* : ..- :.;::%?..:<; ......, ry-.:...:~i:,; ,?.. L . ~ ~ , . , ~ ,.,- _.. L.;. . . . .;:- .r:. . . . :.,;:; , , ... .. . -,.,. ::... ::. ',.. .. ............... , ; ; - . - -:.; <,:. . :>&, *" . . .:; q<,, - ?,.!... <.? ..-..:, .. '< ., ,:! * - '..; ,.., .*.: - ..... :... a e &.!; L:,:. .*$ 1 4; j3e. .;;",..,, ;. s<..?fif $ .?;F":,; .a',,.7 ..;., ... <GI~:sf~dyiGg.f i&n~n$of .. d . . . a: . . . - ni,jncient , . ,. 1 :;.:.. t e l i g i ~ ~ ' a n d . e ~ ~ e ; i + ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ ; ~ , . . . . 'r ,,

. *. .* ,,: e$<,,*:<! - . . . "t . . . ..:to,: , .. . . ,.,,. :its w i-&cdr;dj."iq;,* . .. -.,. i . t ~ ~ e ~ t r a q t : . t l e ; p ~ ~ i ; ~ ~ o l d ~ b f ~ ~ ~ ~ l . z ~ ~ ~ ~ C ~ - . . . . . . ~+-,~:,,g,$?~: &.-. .+!.

trtitl~, t l r ~ - ~ c ~ X i d ~ ~ ~ l b l ~ : ~ o ~ ~ ' c ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . f a c e ... >.. . :t+- .f&h:. ~n~~:;-.i+~,,$IG,~ p&ted djficulties,~.,;:H9. finds. . . . . . . hlms&lf ~~i<~;a')~@~ld;;v'd~~,~.~ii.f~~~i~;~~~ .,. ;~.:&;~..:+i+!; -.: ':?'!:

. . . . . f m q that a l l i ~ ~ h ~ l k ~ s : , beh1 , . . +ci~~tdfqb$;t@ . . ? . .- .. deal -.. xiitc; :;:;,$$$;?,$ .. . . . . . . . . I il:,ss ,hindi:,~iarlred!:by n ~ . . ~ i i r t ~ ~ s c ~ c ~ ~ ~ i ' O t i ~ ~ . . ~ . ~ ~ d . ~ ~ r c ~ d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -. . . . . . . ~f . b ~ ~ i ~ f ~ ~ ~ i t o ~ f ~ ~ ~ e i g ' n j ~ t & , ~ o q . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ i t i ~ ~ i t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ i ~ ~ e ' ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . , .. .. . _ _ . . . . . .

+ . :,.:R;$ . . . . . . . . ... ~ h ~ . : ~ j l ! ~ . . i s , ~ l ~ $ t t i ~ : : wit~i~;~$iiperna~~ai::t,e~~i,~?;,: &&., ~irsc!iil~hi,~~~$.iT~.~i~~~:.! . .... . .., ,,..--... ;‘.,.::: .:ji

s i p s . :- ai&den.+isAom:i3;clbimed- f o r tho: . . . . . . . . . . . . . mostjtrivial; s ~ t ' s , : ~ ~ d ~ ~ - ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ i ~ ? ~ , : lwovidcntinl 'g"idah@ifbr. tlro n;ost orililiniiy o c c n r i ~ e n ~ ~ s ; ' ~ ~ n & ; , ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ ' ~ f ~ ' !

. ,','. . * .... e . i t l... sequence of motives. and contluc!t seelns often rndicnlly';:;*+,.~:'~ '

.-.-. ,....,rl: ..' I' ..:,~,:,Li :,.:F,6\' . al tered:~2-~i~de~cc:a~tl.~:%'a1iti~~ :giPee 'place ;to.en@i~si&t i~':&tlo$~3r;;$i~~j

< ..:.:_ ' . ,..I. : , . . id,' 36 :&s1i&&&jri devoti&, .,f i::Bom&j,, reli i iollc lo:idi$;. ~ ~ h & ~ , ~ ~ ~ $ ~ 2 ; l e . ,.. . _ . . .- - -. . . A . .:.. , ..... ;<~;...>.~$:s

. >. . . -.... a ~iglitcst: . . - . . . . ~ & i a ii::??$T$d t?;<,ity..4p a * ~ ~ & l o ~ r l t y .: . . . . . t k o h o l ~ , M,k '. . ... ...< ...: :;K:;.:f% .. ..,.>.A . "- rall];:.ll~&&..ic~~tt~:f5&ilj.,in> / ' ..-

.- . . . . o f . ti:ney.nnd.lc$tqr, sge; a reigm,.of' God'$ saints :,o.n,fu: . . . . . . . . . reni~ztediji.':;::i :::i..?<<.i . . -. .; +,. 7- ' . . ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ $ Z ~ : . n o t ~ I & l l ~ j ~ ~ e ~ S ~ n t ~ . . a n d ~ ~ ~ l i ~ ~ , ~ e ~ ( ~ u t ~ . ~ l s o ~ ~ ~ ~ c ~ a n t u I :. ,,; :$.;;. -.'r,d,yq:;i .. -,; . . -! . , .

sc~iolnrs,and ~p~~ilosopl~crs':df~,, tlicir Eect to. clrcomltcr., pdrsiicVtislr ji-.; ..-.;;.,:::. . . . . . , . . , . , .. ,, , . . : . . . . . _ . . . .

.". - 4na dknt~i- iu.itu $ost'fl.igi,tfu~ forms; :? :, ,. . : .. ' , . - . . . '. ' . . - ..,,:,. , ..,; !. , .. . . - . . " . . ) . . ; . . . . . ' ..;.,, > . . ' d " ,h .>>,: ;<*.b'$

; , , . . . . . . . , , : : h r . t h e n < : ~ h ~ ~ l i i ~ Varqtrvts,;,witl, . . - tlicir signs: . . ... nnd.pml?h%ii&:'~:,i~;,,$~+;fr., . . - . '-.-<!: : s~Jd&i&ouv~~.s ion$ a n ~ ~ . , & ~ t r a o ~ ~ i ~ ' & ~ ; ~ ,heroisms,;+ jbnal$.y So full.;:! *$::?j>$ - . . - . . ,. . '.!:: - . . . ; -:. of, .the. b+6=d&t;+6iltti,t,, t~.'~the'*~;ial course .of things to-d;iy, -;;:';::: .,. ;. ..c:.:

J,!. :>:; . . .... - . , . ;: ... . ., , . .'. ,.:,!:!

'.,; . . . . . . .!,. . . % .. .. h&<hucli.ma$ tlid . IiiStpian , credit, . , a s 113viug nctnallyoccllrrbd? . 'i'..-F';,, . ..c:~.... ..... 2; . .

- ~oes;~h~.lii~teuse~~~o~r~ibtion'~~t~at sgals & , t e s t i~uon~ .with its il&rl: ,..i:;:t :;:'ni:; ~_ . . . . . . . -.<a, . . . . . i. ,

authcnticate: the~~ccnracy:y]of . . . tile. tkcouiits, 011 does- i t .cast 'donlt . . . . . .- , . . + I . . " . - . ' . . . , .upon ' the~n?';:;;,A~~~ -. . .:- these reported marvels t h e signs of tluyer-, ,,j,, .!; ..: < .,bi;::ir!: ..... I : . . . : ' Z .

. . I ..: . hatl;l.nl agedcy..~nd!;lll iu&ired '.'rruthority;*o~*,.on tllu .otL&r.-,lQpil,+~~,:;~~i~:{&~: .... ,. . :Ire thcy, eutx,rr'~er$t~iis of. b&t3in natural:. facts, .... dr,~pcirhapi,,c;i'~~t~C . . . ;> :. . ;, ._,. . =,. ppre nrytlrs, originated bi ;10&natih tendencies i nd pdpular~poc<: . . . . . . . . . . . ::::-;:::

. . . . .+ . . txtions, in the . prolific soilof tho belicvcr's imagination? ~ Y J I C I I ~ . : , .. .. :.-. .;: ... ... I . .

: ' . ' . .th& fiwt. g~tbii'&ts UE erithusiasti~~fiitl, and lreroic . sclf,sncrifiijy : . : v .-,, .... , . ;.:L':. .: ,7.. - 9,:,.. ,,'A'; . . .: hnvo pnsscd. n\vnyi . and . t l iu chronio'hn~nan pirssions of 'envy, nuls:$ -; v... $?, .::e

.......... *.:I-..: I .w - , ..,. ,... ~ : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ~ I I J . J . ~ ~ ~ I o u s ~ ~ I ~ I I v ~ allrung up , ngni~l ulnnng t ho ~ucci.$rors -.. ~..,&;.i~;~7 ,, . ,. : , ..I .,

of tlic first prophets :bud mnr$rs of the cnuuo, sl~oulrl wo n l p p ~ ~ % ' . ;. . ',1,??2 . . . .

. tl1n.t tlls oalaly :tc!coun!s will then pass down to us in tl~oir original >: . ...... '.+ ..... I ,;. . . .

. . . . . . ,..Ii:', >... .I 'F.. ..,;,sj!~E!d"il;y, . .. oi*.ni:~y tlicy ?yo ~ndically. . . . . . mutilnteci or er~l~ellislied IJY :!. , .. .. .,..$:.,. ..;:.

-w2b'.'';..., . . - 2 .

. . . ,., ,,? ..-:.,. the later proppgntors .... and 1cnclers.of tlro faith? ,:.ii;,, ;. :.... :',:. -,..:.. . , *,.:-.... ..... . . . ': I n . ~01viiig ~ & s ~ ~ h ~ s t i o n s it is evider~t.,wl\at aL$$eless. lig11t . Is-: . . ; ; :,;;'!:..::: .'. .:a

; ' I* supplied hy tlre a n a l ~ ~ i e s ' t o ' be:fQund . , .. when we. ch':study at olofio. : : . . . . ,.

. . . . . . . ....<,-.- ...?.. .n..; . . . . . . . - . . . . ., . . . . g o : . . ,., . r : . ,: : ,(T>,. ., - a . . . . . . . . . . . . . _,' . .. ' 5: ;'J, - . '

. ,.. . . . . . . . .L: . ,..." <,. ).. 1 , , ,..- : . . - . ' . ' , 4,. ... . . T, . >

. . . . - - ;i. '. .,: . ' . : . . . . . . , < . . . ,:. :; i, .: ,;;, .:.' - - . . . ...:=

:; .,:< y, .- a:.. ; ,,:,,? ;, :. -.,* .&. ..+ i?. ., ,...a t:i,3:! . ,:,;A;,; , ?... , , .:: : -.. ...........;. . . . . ... .... .. . : , . . '-.;- .^.... V. 1 .t;; ::; a-

...:~~!.."~. ;,>; .. . . . . ... .. .. L., . . ..:';! ptF=t. ,:. .=,*.; *.*., ,.LC , q.::.;.:: i;a., & b.& ';y$;i>:~.;:...;&~$;~~g;:&~;&22;;:: ....... ,..-.., ;.: . . . . . . , : '<,1897;ji2--''~ :: '.,I,:-. I . :+ L.B: I.'.. *,.- . . ) . 4

d.s,' *.?I-: > , .5x,r!.\:7,,;.,.+. - .... ?,#: q ~ ~ 8 y ~ i ~ ~ ~ e ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f ~ ~ b ~ ~ ~ - ~ ! ; ; ; : : ! ; : : - o < ~ , ' . :::?.723 . . $-?. ' '1'. . ,, .i;y".' $ :: :; ..,.I.;.' . +. .. . . . ....... . , , , , , . - : . -'..JL:J.,-.<\. . \ SF.:.; ', .: :;C' d . ....:?,? ;. ;;+ 3 . : *.:

TT ' , 1 ...... -.' -_,'.",.*;., . . , . , :*,*;. -,. ., ..$. . ; . . . . . . . iqng':tlii$,rjs&nof . . .:a.;fie'w' ,,;... , :*A +&ligioQ,,in, .... .. .:;, o~::omiage5~~~~]1ig;f~cti~i~?~i:i~.c~~::;~. ..c . . . . . . . . . . r.l i . -I . ....... ,,- .. , , ...,. !& ;.. ., . . . .; .,:y . ::'tbit -. I;,- ,giv~.sucll. :spec~al:.v;~i&::f&;.t!ig.:sfudy .:qf.j.th&-ofigini.;pod r his;".!?;. i..:':;..:

... A,',- .:... : ;,*, . ,..:., q-%-.J ' .'. ,;.-, ..I...... ..- .. .. , %..... . . . .. , >.a:.,t~~yr 44.L.. .:;. -,. @ f . ,, .. t h ' k ! ~ + b j . : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ $ ~ ~ > , i ~ ~ ~ ! $ ~ ~ $ k ~ & I ..-. . . . a£* .:oklwih$i: d i~c lP1es~~: i~ . , ; . . . t y j - k: ,,,. ; ; . . , r ~ , , d b d . i l o ~ ~ l o a , ; i ~ ~ t i l l ~ , 1 . : ,, ~lng;,-ol;.~w$,fi8i;~i4g'.~~ ,,.. *.= Fl few ..u.f.F,t)i...; ~~yiiirgi: :..i!,, nbjoi;a!i4:$-5";::;<:;:.* ,,:, c.-,sc ..::i:~;~? .,:.,,.,L . . : .; . . - ..- ..... ,& .,,,,v,,, ... : . . . . . . . .,,; < y - ... .*. . . . . ,, . ".. i-y;::?: . ~ ~ ' s u l , p l i e d t o ~ E ~ r o p e a u i e & ~ J ~ i s : t b i ~ p&rsd~a&'&~t ivpu:s f .,:..;!$~~': .. . ,';, ..' L. - . ...;.. ..1 ,' ,.a . . ; *i ;;i .::%.,. .: <; . . . . . . .., :.:. - !;G.:'tli~; ..;~::;:t. , :.:\:..-. @ ~ ~ e ~ ~ t ; . < ~ $ ~ e ~ $ f a l : , .. ..,.+..:. in~~tilij~~!&~,;~$~~~~re6~~!1~-~ l$"euhb& d y >,... ..~;..:~~.:

. . . . . . . . . . . . .- -. -. .I :

.;. ..I;:.% !',;.bee&jpubliphed :+id ,b'ken;-:put, beyR~d~gcaC4~&f ... .:jlt.&rat~bu:..~ii3:4$;~i.2;~.~ij.:i:i~~Z; :.n.2;::: . ;.! - ' . ..;'r . . ,..!. . . . .... ...a ,i,::.-,,zr,~? grow^^?^!;^£ ;;tl~e: .. ;I;~vche,nn$ . . . . . morb*vpi'l' . .

.* '." '" ' -" " ' ' ' " - :-: .-...: ... ! .*s..y,2:3;;$$ ..:., : !;. , . ; ,"j. . . . . . . . . ->::.c:

?l,Q.:4p, te:!of ?: tbg'~$g$ribli&ir'!".-l m. '.. <**7:, . ,&;, . , : ;!%?.. , . >a ',,::-:-:..c; .. ,. . *'; s:e,cclitidii;s ..*: 1: 0 stfi91;e~,:h&~,/~~en. :. .... "-! " . t ~ ~ ~ : , ~ i i R i & Q & j &~~i$e;.;: .~;, . . . y.".' ,;.. ' .. . . ... ;...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m9r9,:, ,.,- ,- ;, - - - .d ..'_\.--' . . . . . 4:;.=..:. I' ...:....... .;-<I;. , rtinotable: . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . political, pigp!f i~~f&~: an$: ! n ~ ~ i ~ g i $ ~ ~ : ' . ~ ~ : . . . . ." .... . . . +;:. . ?-. . > , , ..La. .? . ::A:.::L $I,:.. ,I : q i ...... ..pp~er;~o£.,:i$. $r~iii~t.i~i$qi$nt$,.. 1 n i t l l s : ; $ ~ ~ ~ & ~ i . ~ ~ f b : ~ t i t ~ d 6 '., . .:,;;>;j5 ,.\,. . .*....-I

;;;. . .-. . .. ...::::y~$$$:all ~ t ~ 6 ~ 1 t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ & $ : t h ~ ~ ~ ~ o ~ i & ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ r ~ n ~ ~ ~ : ~ ~ ~ l d ~ and . ; ... "r -. . . -.u!' . . -, . . . . . . . I . " . . the ab~orhin~ '~~craoI~: i l 1oy:llty tir(heir'idored'lcntler erhiljited by . ,

his clisciples, the story of Bnbis~~i is uuc oE the most. ronlilatii: tu f . ,..

.,> .. .I .... : ;- .;. .>&l;,$j-f&@.;j . - .c:L. ". ,.,"2 . ... ... .. ;-;+ . .<; . I... :;, ,-.,, . . . .,

... C,:>S.. ,... i: ,?, . .:J..,. ?r, .:: .$ .:; 2.(.e.5 . 1s -, 1"et1ier,$ncl&$t:~$~; ............+A. :,. ..!+ filo?,qr%. hl$6l*~.~, , n. ts&: li&l,t : bft::,li2:A?,? .;;!, .", . . . ,.!,',". .,, ... -.: ...... .... *-::: .:..:,, >.: ...... .::'"::< .':l.thf~?>;fyts_it, ... ... is: evidciit, . . . . . . . hg@i ~ n r t f ~ ~ q t i ~ e ' . b d t l ~ t o ~ t h & b t ~ ~ d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f . -.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . I~;:;.., ::y.{ :;; .::. ;;..;c, :CS: ; i. " *.! -...*... ..,.. ..,I:-' .............. L-: -!..;;,,... "< ~ , ~ . : ~ : , . . ~ ? . sa.,:-, :., ...*?. ; ~ : ~ : & ~ p ~ ~ ~ t i ~ $ ~ ~ ~ l i ~ , ~ f l i : ~ ~ ~ ~ : . 66 : lG,&i who!~+$$~~,~g;~g;rLf.Cle&re~; .. did&..r.;.r;. ..

. I - - - - -.' 4, !p:*;-'.. .,',I: .. .. . . . * ....,.: :<!. *-):, :+.. .: . t .:>,:v. ;? .-*. ..::+:$<$&;'

-:::: . . .:.:gr...-st.hJi ... ~ g . . * ~ ~ ich~biiai;ity the; hietoi+,;f~~tb6;~Bal$~~d.djt~Q faltb. , ~ ~ ~ . . - :

) .- .-... , . : , , I , * e , u s . . , ... , : :,; .... - ......... , . - . . . . . .

,',; :-*,: .,:.-: . . ; : : '%:;;;-i :.:,$D.':-.. ... -:.. ..;: . . ,;;: ' . . . . c,A*,s;.i .--i-.. :*>+.. ... '1" -.%: . ...... . A .: , . ; . -- *;-.- .;;: - . . , . - li.'.kifi$~y~~~$.ag$; , . . to?.:qYotc7,the4pW a:iof:;.M$Ea& j i ; d ~ i G : . ~ ~ ~ ~ $ f $ . . . . ,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . ,-

......I .:: . ,., ..:, . ;L>.,.?,. .: :Browne, €0. wlios~. . rcscarchcs,:: , . ,.. , , . 0budGteJ) . . with. truly: iemarlcablo. ... ..;..+i,ji;:;.

.I . . . . . . .,.; . ... I . . _ - :I,;', ... .->-..a,. 'i>,,.;-t~,~j,. .: . - :. . el!tl~usiasiu, :, . , , :. - c l i I i g c ~ i q ~ ~ ~ . , ~ ~ ~ , t l ~ o ~ o ~ i g ~ ~ i ~ ~ s s ~ ~ ~ ~ ., , .:,,,? . qwe:aa..l6uch : cjf oy'n:;. ; . :-!;g.::

6 . r . . . . . ;!;:;,;:::..,:::. ,. (.! ,;:., i-:.,, .: .- cnowledge,pf. - tl1is;*&o~~krn~nt,~!~;~!ei~iS:1' . . . , ....... ...... . . " "' . . . . .. ... . .,.,. .,, ............... .. i

.-..>-. 1elurr~idit~:~ll-.intc11&: and.: 1, I . . ".;.,. -:I..: . ;-:, . . ; . . . - . ~ ~ . . : ' - p ~ p ? ~ ~ ~ ..._ 1' :to; , a n ~ i ~ ~ ~ , ; , w & ~ l d i ~ ~ ~ ; ~ ~ l i ~ r ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ d 1 k . : , ~ J ~ Y t ~ i n D , . . w WflS ' ;11U-: " .'..'.' -:': *,"f*-.,yz'' . ,;: .:

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :; ,*.. : . ' .: i;+ i,*&obabli.*~ ~~::..~~o:~..,;i;;..; ; .:I:; ..'<.:;~~$:f::'.~p6ssibleiand .......... ,irs:.:% .. notv2ry! many.. tliingy4,gros~ld :. ..,, .. . . . . . . . . . . . . ,-. . . . ,: . . a .... . ; ....,... -...*..- ,-y;;;. ;;.; ... :. . . . .,:. ..: -. -dcligl~i . . . . . . . i& mystic$l'.tl~~ij.so'E,hi~~~pccu~~~ions, . . . . . . tlie r(63iness.to ljblievQ '.....ic.:.... :: , . , . '. ..)

:;';TI ; . ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ~ ~ ~ , n j . , i ~ ~ ~ ~ d ~ ~ ~ ~ : , ~ u ~ . ~ ~ n , ~ t ~ ~ a l ~ d l ~ j ( $ , . a ~ ~ d t l ~ & : ~ , ~ i c e p t i b i l i t ~ , to &ne.... -;j-;.::. .. . . .-: : .r;.:o. a,.i.. ...... . - . , ;?., t i ~ ~ ~ l e x c i t c i ~ e ~ ~ t in'feiponse,: t ~ ~ , g o y i d ~ ~ ~ l ~ e t o ~ i c a l .&$&z:s existid . . . . ! .-: ... : . - : -... . .. ...,. ;.a

'..lll..- -. .. . . . . . . - . . . . in nfor~q And degree: @ ~ u ' i n ~ l j ' 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t R l . TI&^ .pcrsii* a$;;,;, . 7 : . ;:, - +:.. ;-. ;;.; .;;. ' . . . . . . . i.&.&.?, ..., "x?; - . .. ...- .. ~ e u d e ~ c i c ~ , . ~ ~ a v i ~ ~ ~ . S ~ ~ m a ~ ~ ~ ~ d ~ . i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ] Y ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n : ( h o ~ a v e r ~ ;i"coni" A"."-'?*'.'

............ :. sciously 8;); have .nem.fou~d'tl~i-.~~~it&f~ith~nf:.~~lam c11 tirely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . - . . .,.rrcongeuial. This is the'eecret of tlle"'i1iiri'sioh 'bf-..tl~e Sliiitc .\Ins. - .. - .. lems-, f rom .. tho .Sunnites, n.nc1: tho .license accorded ; hero LO the , :-.. ' ::.-., ;,.< :.:. ..... . . . . . . . .

,.:"<'. -- -:,. -. . . . ;. ........, : .;.; l~;lntlieistio;rl~np~odi~s o f tlio Suqs .. ;!...Tkis:: his'., ftid.-un.clou&~Ldl~ :- . . . . -;.,I ':.:; -,p :-;. .?' . , . .i.. - - ' .- ' ,_ / _ . ' .I

;F. ',.,... inorcried thA nntilril i<rit&i& h f tlli'ieol~le bgai~bt'tli&'blYnlcro~~sleri . z:;*::.,7; :- .7,;,-.;. :.>:,.;, . , " :v.- ,. , ,r ,..:A: L+..._i,%+.:$ i:.;; .!,I,+..- : r i~ sh . . ; :The :~~~u ib~r in~ : , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *. @u~ibypa~ri$j,~t]li~~a~I!i$tj;.,lianb~yne~d::~4.~~~~ . ?..li. .

:? and ignorpt db@liitislnj of tile- M~lllalls: had *.6eiome:;aototio~<- , . . ,

. . . . . . . . - . . : ,: ,.:. .,; . . , .. !::; ,. 6 . c . .; .grid the nlass, of sp~~riona ti:rdititn'i :incl,i absi\rcI fnblg 'ttiat they:..' ,..a ;:.: ;. ..*> <:,.*,.. : ' * , . 3 . - :

,.,,,;? . . . . . . . strove to. @rco meil to bcfieve &oogl;t rq1igio1l'int.o eoitcln$t s~$+~~;~?ji,;, , ...r;':, ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . .! ' . ",:-. \ . '

-::r-~k.: ,..,-4.,,r- ;i:! ,cliereputo. ; ,Tl~ese .,~&1:i~i~~~,iufl1~~1i~e~~,~1;1tu!:.~ll~~.~~~rn~~i~~d t ; dis,:.,.;-, . . . . . . : ;:I:.. .. . .:.. . . . . ' . : .r +:; .::. i.. . .:; ;. .: ;: t i r b t$@,~efigiou$'$irl~,'~f I Persin, $ l ~ ~ ~ 0 , ~ 3 ~ + $ i , ~ , ; : f o r ~ that~,iattor, :.i:< ;:.;y:$:

. . . . . . . .5;; :. , :.; , . :

.::. - ..~re;alk@yy sectUqg;;:jvit4 $m$ipew dp:ctriilat . agitation, ... ;;: :'. . 2;: ;i':i :.; ',*i:i , + . + .!.: , ..,,. ::. c.:::, . . . . . . . . . . .... h. 0.:. - - . . . . . . ,:,..,, :. ... ....... . _ . . . . . . . . _ . - . . .... ..;. . . . , ; ; ; : 8 . . : % . . ? . + ... .... , : . ! ; . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -. . . . . . . . . . . . . ..;. ... . . - . . . . . . . . ' ; ,.,? : , , ; . - , , . :..- ..: . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . .. .... . . . . ........ .. ... . . . . . :. ,; ,..; .,,> ,;,. .:.: ..,. y . .- _.:. ,..z..\:.. :?. ?=: . . , ..,. ..... :.< . . . . . . . .

. . . c , - ... ... . ... ; -. : 'cN4Tj37.. ,. 2.: ,. @;*.I.; ' . . . . . . , , " .... ,.,: ..".'.;" ......... d,;<;;, ,-,: : 3 i . y . .1. :4: . . . . . . . . . . . .~ . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . ,: ...,.,... .(.. .? Y.i- . . . , ,;,f2.. .,,. ,.,,: ) A 4 :.::: 2 . . .:... .. . . . . . . - .:... .... ;: - .;,;.,: ... :..:.: ,,*... *:-.. .! ,'+ ;;..+,4 ;.-- ;. .. .$;;i:.;-;;%,:.4. . l(i.d'.:: i ' . . ' , .--. . .*. .I .......... ..;. i.y';,3y:.l s.Ja.

724 . ,,. '. ., &);ism 'aizd. $ f i e ..+- .' ,.

..>. . +.,y.;~~; ;,g $i .. . - : [DecoiaLer,. ; . . . . . :...:z. : +;., .-:., .:,. T.;.>!,: Gj

But sixty gears. ago a more spkciaI. and. in'tense soura"bf :&-,&:i:,2.j..3.8r>tir? .... ,.-., <.- ,,,* - motion .began -,to $11. i l l ' Persia wit11 !tinrest:. This rn=<tlie .!&: :":.~::i$$,2 ... ; ,,<-.y...* ; pected: ~r+uii$;~of; t~@-Im~m-M&di.~<~~o~~rding~tb.~tlle-:Slil~~s~- a .j.+$::1= :

-* * ; , , : ; , : tlm :T+elflh -Gfi&5 M-b~&id;;" t l ; ~ ~ P ; ~ ~ t l ~ f , &&I.,,":):$ y ::,, - *'4&,f'12;;" . . . . . , . ., . , (- ( ; .. ,.. * ,. w 0 dki;<y,A 527+:.5: . . -

. , . . ceeded to..tlia T'ninotc.in t&:J&r. 5!~0o( tlg\ ~ " l l a & m ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ j $ ~ ; ~ % ~ : $ : ? r: - . .. . .

% . ' ; -...+-a..*,,:.. ,q

did ih t' die, but d isnpp&rcd mjnt6rio~sly. .Tlh ,hleYosl~~~s. . . . df ,.t~i~;~$j~&,$~-. .;a. -.-.- ; East held* that hehtill :lives (like YFredericli Barbamssii in"tb$,f!?~~~,;i,

,& :.-- -. Germatilegend) &$&~~fided,.byg: ohosen b$ii$'i<i;tlie: mg5t$$i$$2zg;;+g - ' ' city-of. JiibulIiii:;: ' w he; the f ulliiesiof time cim&,.gnd: tlesajt~;+~+,.+y+

ia.3lled '.with 'irij"&c~~ i n & :the' .appointed ~igns : '<~~. i i r , he.:-$*&;-:;;:kf oome forth tb . overthrow tho ii;fidols and inaugdtite a .~%cipI:kf '~ .:.'?J*:~?S

....,.. .,-~,:,.~2..e~. ?.L:

universal peace- and blessedness: During the period, h'6wever;l';::: i3:~:=?~. t1i:tt t l lc ! T111nm-Xlnl~di w;u I~idtlr~i f lon~ tlle sight of 11rci1, ccrt:~in cLu1111u1s: of coulrnunication, or Gates, iuiglit appear.. .. .:;:F+,!,* .. , ,p.Ts:-.: v- . - .>. --:- .; : Ch?l,*.,,.,? ~d,?$::rp

. . .. ,&: t he :~&~*i844 , ;~ f '&& e&;;~hicb: would t i j & $ e t ~ $ ~ i $ ~ ~ ~ f f d .,-?.L;-3?~?t.;,yy :i-$+ca;.: of a. .tlioliia~d':~~~$$frd~:-t~o dite: of: t l i m i n d i . b 6 0 u l t s t i o ~ : , Q f ' : t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ p ~ ; ~ ~ 2 . , .........._. . . *.tw .-!y'- -.-, .& > o ~ * i ~ i n ~ l > i n ~ ~ j $ j ~ l i ~ i j f ~ ~ n e j i ; , : t b e ' . i ~ ~ o c ~ 6 t i ~ < . : ~ 1 1 ~ $ ~ c ~ t + ~ n ~ : ,+Y~C::.L.&'.$ . . . .. ..; > . , .;:>: b<:$j:+;:: over ' t h '&hifeststi&i of the ~ & i i n g One nat&'llf gi& i i~tenrc; , . ;~j~~, ........ ..* . tl~rougliout Persia: ?:The _. . . . . . . . m"ltipliCation - of sects; and. sahi$i$. qd;e22$;i$?2

. . . . ..;" j . .'.-<,.,$..,!y-- %'.i

t h iery" 2orr,lption .&f tll&:.l;eg"]ar;/,~"ha~mndd~ .:.clel*gy' 'were:,.s~~:>!$i?2~i . . . ,- ... .;:;;I . $ regardcd as eigns'.'thit a new Divino , Manifestation-\yak it,:liiirid,: .;::;:j$:-1<.:-.- . . .,,v:-:;.~:.-.~...~

- . . . for.'it<is>:just: befbio,diwb tliit,,t]l& lii@'.,ii . . ? s r l ~ e ~ t { : ; ~ ~ @ r n & j%+c+?fi;:i5my;LT$ ..... . ; . , b~fo'~$::$~f,iuo~u~ :<iceti;! seqi>tb p i o ~ ~ ~ h e j l ~ l i ~ l l ~ : , ~ f ~ ~ ~ < ; ~ $ ~ : ' f ~ ~ ~ ~ ... <..\.,& ,.... ."a,:

Ahs& :hgd- 'f&"&ed"*,:$ew. sbiool .!'if J faith. &lled, t]i& ~ h ' ~ i k h i , ...... 5=:.'.:.-'!3~. .'.. .,. ;+ . . ' &iid&i ~ a ~ ~ l j ~ u i $ ' t l l ~ ~ ; ~ ~ e i g h ~ ~ ~ l i ~ & ~ ; ; ~ ~ . _ . . . . . . . . . . > . . & t l ~ e ~ ~ h o l ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ r ~ l ~ ~ ~ ~ , ; ~ ~ $ r ~ ? ~ ' $ ~ ~ ~ . . $ . vyd ;i-~.,,?.~x--.

' . bel$;.Iici, !visit&# :Pi& kevcml~(ti~es;an&,;diff"b~d: t l ~ ~ i i g h : : t l m t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , , ~ , -.. . - cointry also'-hig,som&vh'iit . . . . . . . ,$etei;&dox iiiewi; .. Ilo'believid. himselfr,:,~;:,.~:;;:-~~. 3 q.'c.x;--' ..... undir t h - sp@i$ l .guidan$c:~f ilkr*~,hri'i~; *horn ..lie reg$rclbd] an..;.. . - ..,, : ::d.i::..,r,%: - .: .,:;.';'

.. ... - crehtive,fi$cei'):. . . ,,: .: 138 kugl,t'tllat'tli~'grbbs~~, . ei:leai\ebtii -..;. of thclbprly:.... ,a&&-:;+4~ .:;:<:;;:.:$ pcri..;l~ i~~~-cvnoabl~, . a t 'denth!,'bit tlist there .is a ~ ~ s ~ b t S e " c e l e s t ~ , . ~ . .

. . . . boily W]~icbY&~~ves, ;.' -.',, ':'. .; . . ' : ' 1 *,A,?,.,'. , ; *;+,,b$..'::' .*,. 8 - ,.A*-..,

On tlic ~lcatll of Slleylth Ahlilad his disciple, IIaji Seyyid chihi; , ,, --.,

. . . . of Rcsht,- aucce~deil~liin! . this . . . . . . teaclier's yarions ,norlrs,;qr~ said.@,:, :.it;*;if :;. , . _ : . 6, %:. . . . . oxoeud:,thr~~undrcd';idldinog, . , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ e ~ p l i n s ~ c ~ ~ ~ ~ p ' e c i ~ l l P P ~ th9;.;+iP ,,;;;$

doctrine. called: t ~ ~ ~ : ~ < ~ $ t l i : ~ ~ l i , ~ o F t , ~ - that tUre :rnbst ,iinays, b6:Z:i.F; .:''. ..... *'. . . . . . . . . .;,::-, 8: . . . . . . . " .. ...'.,... .. . . % . , .. .. .;:!.(_ci"j -:;i . . . i2 t l !e ,~ : t ruoL~~~1clu .. . &liurcli some :ode;, perfijet.;,nibxil or,;.~piy~t~:~~~~~..~;~;~;

@d&, revcnli~~,, 'diqxibli b f ; servinp;'h91 ;* ~/boiel:.of g$~e;g-,i~-~i:;;:; ' e, . . - , . . ..L.. _ _ ~ t e o e h t H s i n ~ i s i ~ ] & : Imam .ani : ' i l i $ ~ & h u r ~ ~ ~ $ : : ~ ~ e ~ .yean.' af .. i;'; .s:, ,: :$&>. . :>.$;;. i j + ...: : ; . ' : , ? & ; h i ~ , ~ l j ~ ~ . i ~ ~ i ~ .a&jtod; , ~ ~ < . d i $ ~ ~ $ ~ i & g tllp. $i*ojnisbd . .pr;oft +: tli%;$? ;G+;i.~~.;j ......- .:;., .. '. .; ,;.-,; ' ' . . ......: " . *(. C.

A*;, : ;.- 4 . . . ~ 6 m i n g ' ~ , ; ~ ; ~ , ~ h ~ ! ; ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f : ~ i ~ . . _, .I.. olneiffjst&tii* ._. - . n & d , ' h i ~ ~ u n l ~ t ~ e s . . . . ..,. ;-~.~;-:l;? 2 t : ~ ,?;;:;;

if his c ~ & r a c t e ~ : : l : S e y y i ; l , y y gdzimi how&vbr,. dh. .uot &dgd:kii$oli0,' -r ,zZ;-<:: *. :.;.:..::;;.:::5 ..,. 5.;

vouclsa6ng only ibe i~ifor&tion that h6 Govld b 6 ~ yol~ng ,.,r.: -;: . . ; i :pr ., , ., . I .. ........ ;.., . 5 .... : ..*.',...."'.. " -. . - .-.. , . ,, ,.,. '. ., - . : .a : . . . . . . . . -.,-,,,q,,. :. , .-... "!.$.:: 5;

, . " ' ? .:,c . ,'," .-', . 4 ' 7 . ! ..! $1,. ., -. ?L,Z., ' ;<:-

P ' 1 . .

; i. , . . . '... - .;.,. . . . . . .. .... :, ! . . .

:,:a . . . . . /;: , . . -. .,,:: .:; . , . . , .

ie;j;. 183,~.,~!,;$..~, .y':... ,+&o!i8@.lm4~46;&bs ...... :-; ' : -, 1:- 2; ~ 7 8 5 .' .' - .

v. : ... . . . . . . . -L , . . ,

, 8 , . . )i. - ..' .. ., . . . . . arid that when this s u n o f Trutl; appeared, it would iiradiate

' . :: . all horizons." ~ f t e r :giig +ath,"the ,Skoykllis, therefore, .were . A . . . . . . . anxiotlsly e x p e ~ t i n ~ t h e ] ' + p " ~ e ~ ~ a ~ ~ ' b f aomo-one ,to t a l e .tho leader-, . . ;.,::, .:,. ,

3 . - *I -. .;-: 1.' -: 9 .: . ~ ~ i p ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ o d ~ , t ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ + ~ ; i t ~ ~ ~ ; t$<+y$~l~~<~~~~iii:~vasb~mi.2~~~;~.;;~g .Lr... . , . , !?' ... - . r .... ?. :* &..:.,i-. ,: , ,l : '.; , .

:?, .- - WF. tl! - Chn~oli?~9~of~.-~IirF1,i~8~ id.'E'ersi$;iZ- tho&; :-;=A;, - ., * - . . . . . - .. . daya, thqxe wc~e~,nzo~min, : . j$t?&d dikut&& wers l h k i o g for . . . . . :->'. 1:: ..

. . *....

liim who wai to b< a light unto'l . th~i~.~riti&.. and, manifest tho . i:.: -.I . .I ' )

retdro ofitl?e:,l_ong-awaited ~&&@,'tl!o~~ivino-~~v~~er. -. , . . . . . .

! . , I . .- ' , :' . - I-?:; If ...: ,i.., was ,-.-. -in .+ tlis~:,atmbs$Sle~~2~;of{;~~~q~t+tiq.p:;npdfaith ...... ,..*. ... that $Lq.%-i'.:$;:$ ,. . .

! ' J!OUU& ,maqi:,.::Mirza,.i Mgdainmcl,:-af t'crGa+ds : c~l l+ . tha . ]Dab,-' ' . ' ::::. I . . . a. ... ..T. '

. grew.'pp,. ai&at: this jpicturol hii$ret-.c%me ihto puhlio notice; ' .:.. 4.; 2 ~ c o o r d i n ~ to tha'beFt.acc&nts,,he w?s on .October 9, 1820, .. ':-~:<

ill-the city of Shiraz. he Babis eiy that at the mornent of his I ~ i r ~ l r 111: ~ .~~, . l : t i~t ic~d *' Tllc Iti~~gtlom i s Gotl's." IIis t.t;:ii.I~t~~, :rfterwards becauie ail arde~?t:?iyciple, relutes that tlit: very lii-st day

<. , . . _ ' I , - . . . . :,: y 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ i h 1 ~ : t h ~ ~ . i i ~ ~ ~ , , ~ l ~ ~ ~ ; ~ ~ ~ < ~ g 1 i t ~ : ~ . ~ s ~ l i o ' ~ 1 ~ 411dd ,the alphnbct 2::. ?: 4: .:.. ,, ,..; 2. . . . ,

:. ! ~ a c l , ) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i t & ~ ddowoifo+ bim;,hg i i a d ~ > ~ ~ t h ' ~ ~ r s i a o and Arabic : -.. ?..,(. 1 . .. ;.? , .

... '-., , i ' j v i t b q i a n 4 a&Ged the teq?icr $$~subtle:;has~ings anitques-. - .::+il.a'$j tions. : .~efore he'bad been instructed iu writing he coml>osc;l and

, # ,.. . . .... . - . - ::;::y~protc dqwq eloque-nt verses .qp_., the_,,my.sterg.of : tba,,Divino Unity., , : 2. . . - rf ....-

. . ':These msrvelous signs of:.tl!b;, Bib's. Lolih&ss ,aid' lofty spiritual' , ,: .;.:, . . . . . . .. j?nl' ?ie.attpte$ pot ..only by' hia.$eacllej,~.but also .by his mntcr. ,: . " -.';&., :.. . ,, ..:.. k. . . . : '- ,--:;;.&~+clo~ . , , .:_. ~ 4 ? : ~ L i ~ i g ~ l i t ' ~ l i : ~ , b ... after, his f;tt!/er's' e&dy death, and :s ::;:"'

"'", ., , :'-' 2 . ',; ,'

4.. ,I ,,. '

; :;p,ub$9q"$tlydiid. ida m.l.tgrfo Lis;~ab~::faitGiG,,7f :sur Clwistiin . '4.. . .- ', ..: - 9 .

' readers iye inclili~&;io 4. -&o&ti&$ ai::&.t4iC h ~ n e s t ~ of the wit ... ,. ... . . . . . I . .. - . . . . . . . . . . 7. ,AI . ..,. . . . . . .'. ...) 'V ., r i e ~ s ~ ? : , ~ ~ & ~ a ~ , . .o?ly,refcr ...... fhe!<to .$hirn.r$!p&jt of ;.tll,e Babi his-, . , ,' -. :.:-:; .- .. :: P . . : ;- . .*. ., .- t ~ t i ~ ~ , i , f ~ ~ i l i ~ < ~ * d , . + { ~ f i ~ d ~ ; a r ~ " ~ e g t ~ , i n ~ i n ~ $ t i .., .: . . 1 .. b6bk.s . . . . of Chris, , :!:- :;:;: , . tian,E;ideng&s i,.S6Fersons. sb."virtpqe. and. ~eiisqnablo as'. these ' - . ":; . . .. 2 . . . 7, . . .would,'not, lrave beixi'sq @$;.ini!d-~f $l;e.truth.:of .the Bab's claim

-. %. . . . . . - . . !. . .>. . ...%...... . as th& -.. , . . . . . . . '~v.illi~gly,~~&I'i~9f~11j.,$@4 ,:..- ;fOrj&.lif9;;$eal+, .fame, name, ,.-.&;

wife iild-'&ild ;nleis'th~j;'bnd olkervid in tliit Proof of Gl~tl tlic clearest evidences of' divine pomers.qnd qnalities " (" Ncvv I-Tie- . ' . . X .

tory of the Utrb," by E. G. Crowiie, 11. 265). , .-.:;;;. ,.Altllongh c1aiming:;to .b0;4;, Seyyid,.~g::descc~dapt o f ,,tha Pro- 1 ..>,?:yi - ,. ,&, .;.,"a- , , . . . /_..:. -.

I- . . . . . . . : r - ?~ -~h i t , ' : ~ l i : - fibil'&i<&l edg+&d;. at ~ ~ v e ~ t ~ e < . i ~ : ~ o ~ r h e r + ~ l -*ur< '.>:::?<. ,-.

. . . . ..<l..,,'?dits: is, tjle toivg2£ -I3"$i~!; ;<: 1% w ~ ~ ~ ; ' f h e ~ ~ ~ t e c m ~ , o f . ~ t h 0 . 1 n { ~ . , ,;,3G1q K.;:,; A,;',<: . . ....... 2::j

. , . :. . , . ... :,: .. ... : - ..,. ... 'clQii&,by: . Ilia,, i i i ik r i t i ,a~a;piktx';"PE!ieli.l;bB \ Y ~ S at liis.d~votioas~~." . . . :.,L.;. ....... . . .-. .,.- .>:,, ,. ;,,

.... - . .- - lie,.. prefericd . , . .. -. t i giffeyi pecuniiq::!19yjs ,, rather:,than ,haye , h$: ;.. ::,. .;;d . - -.:.p-, , rs,. . :"'. ........ '"'" ..::.;,.P. ' " ~ . ~ Y C f & . iit&iropted, : ~ ; ; ~ f t ~ i ; , f i v e ' J ; e ~ s of. metcintile' 1ifi;'ho Gent.:. . . . .: .. .-

j.;.,: ' i!;;.. z. . ,A: ,..:*;.;;;:,:,:T' -+:: it,.tr%,isit . . . . . . the holy sbrines.of ~ i r l i e l a ' , a&k~ojef~,: i Durii$ this; t i r n & ~ ? , o . ; ~ ~ : ~ . . . . F::"':!k::<? ..... ; ... A* . ,,;fk . . ...,.. kthnd& . ~ l l e ; ~ ~ l t y r ~ ~ < o f ~ , t h ~ . ~ ~ ~ d e ‘ p : ~ ~ f ; ; , ~ h ~ . . . . ........ s$eyl~hi ,Sjho,bll ,,tho >:,,,!G! i"' . ' , . ' . ; .: . I . . ' . .;:, - . . , - b . 7

I' . , ) ' . . . seyjri$.&'~im, a~fkidifbbati?ned.;:i~uf :&ej:~&i$';eejo&t the id&. " ', rl!:.'/" !. . .t..- ..'; ."' . , , , " , C - -. _ . . I' . . I . . . . . . .-. ,. . . . . . : . . !: " .. d , . !,.j.;: ,.,.- ..': ' ' . . . ... "2 ;. . . .-.. -. . . . . . . ; . . . . x...,,,

. - . . . .*..:. ...As:;:,. - .,.:.&;,.. r . , .,... ! > _. 8 . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (... . . . . . . . . . . . . ,. . . . <::: . . * . . . . . . . . . . '? . _ . , . . ,. . , ,

. . . .

,?LO. . . ' .. ... . . .

......

. . . . . . .

~lti,l;~rice iri tllcir clloice. l'11i.i rvc-llt on f o i mnt? five! ra~,r~i]~.-.

. . , wlicn, oue,d;rj;;.+e, Mullah Iluscyn of. ~3ush r~rne~h , one,of., their:.;r~i'~~z,.i ;-. A ]&r;,,d<;$Gd;., 'j,~flub~~;a~,,~'jeid;~s~.:;i&~,$o, ;"iii~'~fi;;~~*,.:~;.4>$2&yp

. . ..'. . .. I.,. _ .:<... I ~.< : . . *!;.:( 7

. , E/lhh?nl@ad:. , J . , . . .;'A,. . 'J'h&yo"+k:Ihan .;. ,.. ... . i i & l r e d . : t ~ ~ , ~ u l l ~ h : ~ ~ i l & & m ' t l i ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ $ ~ - ~ ; ~ i ~ d -, . , ,;>% M p:.*- ;i:i:{ ...... ,j . .(_ . '. . . . . ,;::.i: l+'ho$ @i$i$l~dg&d:;.~~ ~ t l i ~ i ' ~ i & ~ t h r ~ $ ~ : ~ ~ ~ ~ t o l ~ : ~ & ~ t , ~ ~ ~ . Y 9t3~;~$~i :$~ ' i~~~ :. .. .-.., ?..

,;IN-'I ,

they li'? tccoghi&d .. <d'oric, .:, ... h 6 Wily psl;id:j£L: t$. Myll~$~;di~~cs~. .;J5y~. .+., ;'-,. .; ,A

-. . . . - : . :,;yi;.F,bt; ?. ..-.\ z . & ~ ~ i ~ ~ i d ~ , f i i ~ t h E ! : ; d h a ~ & h h r i i t i c s . ., . .. , dnd . a l p s :re(l~ire4'.~~~'i~tr-?k'r<r~;;,~~i>~ . -, - ...: ';:?; 7 . ?:$i, :::: :;,,. 2:

. th6'::~;llldh;,i~'.t~ib. .* , ; -.,. &odtlrs'; ~ c ~ l l & u t ; ~ ~ ~ < . w i t l i . ~ ] l i ~ . . . . . . . . 1lot : ob-:,*.:;.:;., +.,, :;: A,.. ~ :v \ ; - - - . ' ..:: . :T

-iej$i'J .*e;i-nnyi:si@jbf :-i~~&ij:l::k~i~~gle~l~e';;h:~::;fraii~i~~'~~~~~ered~~~ .. :.'~,:;~<~,;$i.~ . . , ..? ,,T. .. .-,;,*a, .-7 ...- 7.: ,.>.. . . . -. .,; ' A, , _' .. ,,. '. ,; -... -, , : ,. .: .... . '~:;)~+~jhe~ii1hg~t/~~.;.$:;d.~t~j6~n$ . , ! , . I : . .. .-,.:' ,,!.'.;.! . . . . . t & { i c ; ~ f t k ~ ; + , ~ ~ ~ ,ab&$,Co~&entnTlel . a: :.5;%,;:;1;::fc.$ ,.,.:. .. . . . - . 2. i i ~ L ~ . ~ p q n : ~ t ] ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ? l r a t ; ~ ~ l ~ : ~ ~ ~ a r $ , ~ ~ 1 1 B , , ~ l ~ r ~ ~ o f .,-....-. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ l , : ~ ~ & : , ~ ~ & ~ " ~ ~ & ; ; $ ; ? i ' . $ .... .. . . ." ....... ';; . '.1 :... i :, ,?. :;,! ';;;%:.>.::j $

: ..: . , $ i t i 9 . . " : ~ - ~ ~ > d $ ~ d < S ; , ~ ~ . f + ~ a ~ ;~eari~~:Mirzdli~ul~ammd~ii~:;;'.$~~;i.~.~:i-.I ., .:,: . . -, ,;-,l, . . .;.--- ......... .,

:;; . ,;:;:~.,recit&P;~~~e&~~fj'a;f ye!$. ]df$ ind jp fo fbu~~ : ;~$$r~b t~pc iv l&o:pu~~: '$ .~~,$$~~ a: ; ..,..: ..:;,- . ..'. ::.. .. >-.- . : . r . . ..-; ,,:i -... , -,-, :,:. . ' {$ -:. .. 1- .. ,-; :.. r..., . . . ? i . d * . ; : A ... : . i:; ;;:tletf~$na~ e ~ q ~ ~ @ ~ ! h & . ~ l ~ r & d - w e r ~ .- .. . - " . ,. ;qu!te:bej~hd ,,.', ;:,,,:,. ....-- ali+t:~'<?$l&:$(:*%?,$$:~ ,:-.iil.:>$. .-,

.. l,a$ >&tei;iJ"l if- la,, , . n~t:%$~h.'~~$rhat~irallj. . F s p l r e d > ~ q l l a ~ j;-- -':; ,I,.,;: ... !, ,II. . . . . . -;:: .- : . .. , , u s e y p r o , c ~ g d i z C ~ t~e:y~uh~:&b.~s:th'~'6~o'~~~1~~1~~ddf~;;..B~~~:'~~;,.~~.~~~r~~-$+: ... . . . . . . .. .... . " ',. , . &.,&,',". I ..<W. . o;.,. . . , , - . L. L... :, !; .,, , :,.4,,. ,- . .+- .cry::: . . .

*, -..: 4 ,$; . . ~ . t 6 ~ a ~ : ; ~ ? & r . ? 6 f j ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ 1 a t i ~ . ~ ~ ; ~ ~ ~ , h ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i , t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , ; ~ b ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ ; . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .. ; . .- ...... . . c . ;C1 . ' -

. nncicnlly lin?,~ecn:iised to desigunte +dso who had'icccss to bllc '-'

~w'slf& ~&&.;'&jiincg: his seclli&,n; F ~ c : x i d nl~d:bbep.assum~&~2;?7 9 ' '. Z , ... . . . \ , - . ... . . in the tenth . centu.~.y .,. , .. , . by a notecl Leresiarch aid.\&; :used by tlir

,:..< .... , ..p,' .- + :' . -. -*.G -*e- .;!, .$ . - . . . ~ ~ . e ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ b i ~ ~ , t ~ : ~ e i i ~ a t ~ , l i i s ~ i ~ s ~ ~ r ~ d j f d ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a s ~ ; t . l i & ~ f ~ i c r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ~ ~ ; ~

..T'. .; p h. . , ,.-. . . .ost~i.~c;;$i.~j., <."v;i"&,:.p... .~......... .'. '. ' -'" -.* ....... . . . . ' fie,..' , I ; : , & ~ - ; ~ , ~ ~ o ~ h e ~ ' s f , n e e , , hid.: becn3:;+;:::::;+;.-. .. . . . . . . . . . , . ,. :i:$? ...- .- - . . . . .,.: .-" ..* . . . :?:;; ... ..... i::: .{ 4~~.~l!~;~~t~r;bx~y~~~li~:men;ente~ed:ythpx~~i r, .ll;i.. ;.-::., t p f . , . . , ;;+: .! the:,propl~~t'a..kn~y$$+~,j?;$~$ ........

. I . ' . . .., : ', e ge;! { o ; @ i ~ ~ l i : ~ t i h $ i I ' i \ i i ~ ~ (whose .v6ry:ninie iihot$@d &im . . :%:$$?;$? .. , ..,< - . : . . . . . b s n ...! <).. ,;. '.--. ,.***, .,,-,;:. r c t u & ' ~ ~ f & & ~ g ~ i c h t ' t ~ ~ e ~ e k l o r > ; ~ w m , ; t h ~ ~ 6 ' ~ t o .". . . . . . thro"g~:~)~b:~+:;j:G;:~L+ . . , ~ ~ j ~ , ~ ; ~ ~ ~ i , ~ q ~ ~ ~ ~ ; g ~ t ; ~ i ~ J ~ I l ~ u 4 ~ 1 ~ d ~ ~ ' ~ ~ t1ro'~;~it~h*&al,e1;.~~10 W ~ S s l ~ o r ~ l ~ ~ , ~ $ ~ ~ ? . $ . , -:a ,;,!9,+> >,,. , &* ,,pdar .&, 5? , ;+*;,; ;ry; 2 ,.;- f;<&b,;,~,::~~;3;~;~~.~;;,:,~j;;;:;~,: : ...: <.,:. 2??+.' $ :,.>;g+J~~:.-~;~~;;::$ .... 2.:

.; q.,,:.< e,,<;..:::.<,-: < >.?'. ...i \ .I... .. . . * ... . .

::,t.':: . ; . , ! . . I ! . . - . . . . ,-,.;, x . . : ~ , . . ~ . . , . AnY 06 th& : s ~ ~ ~ G E ~ , ..+ .,SbI;bbl ji&muslj. r . : .. ,

Hpildiate$ ~&ft i : ; ~~~/ \$?~ ' \ ;~ ,. .- - . . . . . . , ,.. ' , . f ,.,.. z:!*,*tr~' a* ....... . . . .

prdtellalonj ?f: a,! ybung ma& -if'' poor . edil&ti&;'- hitherto :qyL:. ,,*,.I: , :....,' :$::?>? . ...*. obscaro. ,,Buf f"]]); one hilf of.: thorn, 'leci b j . ~ulla~'I~~s<yn::.i,:::';~:~~2~;~j

... . .. : .:;;,, <> ;--.<:, - :<,. . ':. ' ;; ;,:; .. *;, 2,: ',$ ::.. *?*y:L.. .3.,<..-j.' ... . . , . , , : , . . . . . . . . . . *'.,.. ;..iji;, .';,... 1"L" .'I . . . . . .... l.t: r .\-:., . . . .-.:;,. .,<.,*-...;.y;* ;:.a" '+?.???;

. . (who, as tho first disciple: to aclmowledge the.Gate, was called tho .: . :.

.- . . Gato of tbe Gste),'acctiPted the n6w~tovcl?tidn and rccognizcd in. . ;;,, ,,:,.

_ _ , . .

1::. -. F. ,, . . .:..I-.: .: .-.:t;li&.young. . . ~+n,::thc f;lfill~&nt .;of, tile I prolfiisea . eigns.'. : I l ; : . i ag . . . :::-.:- '. . .* :T'recdlledthit w&edthb.dcpart& l i&te l~ Seygicl.IC6zim w?i aslred :' .. :": . . . .

8 . . about: t4e ,hanifestatioli whicl;:+&:.to sdtceed. him, .he had saidi .. , - ,;'*.. , .

:'!Yl'here wil1,be s saliisrn amongst. mi, folloivers, but God's affair . .':

. . . . . . . . . . :. .

will be clear"?s' this rising snbr.l). h: h6 'spoke,. he pointed to the . . . - , .

.... I .._ ..: ..:- . I d a o r , ~ t & " ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ] l i ~ h i &r-a&-&:;c:fl&& bf sll&,nllt ; and at'. that . . ... , . .

. . - &homoment, .~ ' i r& Ali~Mul~amrnad'crossed tho threshold. The : : ' . . . v<ri'fact.:.that ' the young &n .liad,'.before~. this. time, been con- ' ' '

,aidered illiterate, and.: had. been.found stumbling ovcr the inter- pretation of passaps in tlw Koran. made it so n111cll ~ l l t . . r . ?~ .~~l . l~~ llroof 11l' Ibis tiivilre i~isj,i~.;~tit , i~ 1 I L I L ..... I... 4.5 \! 11it:I i U C ~ c i., ~ . h i , , ~ , t i

, . . . . . . . .

, : i - . ,-,,..assuperior.in ,eloquence- and beanty.tq thoso of-the. Moslem Scrip-

i ,. 8 . .... .: .,i';'tilres.sl~ould:~e~." pouicd'fcirt1,-lilm copi'ous showers by this sinl- :.' . . . ' "

.... : ,I.' pleiaiid:un~9t&red. 0.- . . . . ~ o d I:" exciailnkd the Saint of . . , .; $:,. .". :;;<, :Kh.. , , .;:. . ,.. . . rassu,::~!.iii:;'fme (;of *"Ah' aniple proofs, how is denial possi-

. .' blo?" The Bfullah Mi~l~amlnad Ali o f Dhrfurfish, a man noted .

I. 1 . .

-:..:l'.f6r' his ~ i c t i and godlines&~~~hadi.noi;aooner 'sdcn a i d conversed . '.'

, . 'with theBab.than 110 at onco believed,.witLout. seeking any fur- . . ... . ,:

... . - .. - &,. . . . , . .I.:, - . ther.,siggi .:regir(1ins such .a,;dcmand ;. as:: unseei~lly, and was re- :,;::,:

,, . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . $-.;:. ,.,? ,. : ,; !=aided .rvith,,:thi;.title?'of !:~azrat-i:~udd~$.-.~t;~is IIoliness the - . .: < . .... . . . . . . . . . .

g;. . . . . . . . re&'?^^;,^;^^'^...^^^:^^;. '.;".;.;.;.. .;. a:..: c- :. i :.:; .... , ,.,,.:. :,,. \-,::7-4.'.. :.

. . . . . . . . . . . , . '- ., , . '. . :, .... . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . '.:::Anothbr of ,the caI.ly . a n ~ . . . p r o ~ i p e h t i . d i ~ ~ i ~ l e s m,& the remark- ., ____. . . . . . . . . . -5.. . . . ,. , ,.? ,: % ' .. s.;..:.;: . .. I I :& --,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . b l o j ; w ~ r n a n ~ $ , ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ g ~ i t i a . jbf,!;,tha,$$o~enicnt + ~arrifi-taj, or , . -:.,; ;!: ,:. . . . . ,. -. ,.'. , . . . . : ,.,:? ~old~~'!~~ro~ilh:~*~!~ji~he .d$I!gl~t i~: .hf i : the;~~u~ah . fjalill of R a p . :'. -'

. . . . . . . . . . . . '. .:I vln; she 4as:a.s :beautiful in person. and.. nswinniug ill her grace . . '

I ' . . . . -a~d-srve&tnt& >s;$ie:i'w~9., eloquent ~ i ~ , p u b l i c apOeohar~d learned . ;;:;;.: ; . . i - . . .a ., . ' . . . . . . i."?':. . . .... r,.. . :'.$,~:;i&;'F;&i;ol~~illi'i,-~,~~;;,&elo~~id^~. ;poet .Ijidfouna.afid s,lbtlo . *

pliilosopliic reasoner, rich and ~roble by birth, fil~c sul~o~.tIiri:~~ctl . all her gifts to n fervent piety of the liiost austere ant1 c~rt l~~~si ;~. . i -

tic ltind. Slio Iiad been an adlnirer and disciple of tlre dul,nrted . : ! ........

.. % - .:. . ,.ij-~:::.;le~br .of:::th'hi; ~heyk1~i~~~~~hool;~~;th'oo:,~c~~d'~~~6zim:~~ ... j,R?sht,. and . -r ..... ,:: ... . .-.. . C . .. : + . . . . . . . . 1 ..F.J:- ;!: - .?r$;+ai . ::&::i51-.tl~oi~ . . ~ v ~ b . ; v s o ~ ~ ~ f i ~ i o u ~ 1 ~ ~ . e x ~ ~ c t i n ~ +. ., :npproaeli- ... :, .:,.L?;;;c,,.:;

;I,;;3+,;;$;'>,;f;f ... ;... .... i~$;ic~~if~~tiffo~ll~fr,rt]$ pf&li&jd-l?~9,-jfj: b?: Dir'or to* tll& ?J"J'lft]!':"l.-f;, ?': :::: . . . : i . . 7 ' ? ... . .;*.: .. ,>, ,::: mi&:: So,"&hen : l i ~ ~ . ~ . f r i e n d ; ~ ~ l l ~ ~ ~ ~ n & ~ n - : o f . BushrSweyh, had .-" : . , . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . ' . -,.":..;. .+ t&hgnizedr .i<;,tlii Mirza ;:Ali'- Muhammad.ftlie l'oolred-foi .: 1. ..: ..: i,. , ,. . . . . . ; , 2;~;'!~,.. ,~ , -. L...qcli::.h ci,Gatc, ancl sli&.h$d~hid~a cl;aiiec' td reqd ~l~is~verse?, iloct~jn$l' t~ea~;:?i;;:.?!>{ t2: *.~.... ;;-. . . . . . ... . . >..

i::?;:;:t_:$is& a i , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ n ~ l ' i ~ ~ ~ ] r s , witlio!it 3vaiti1,g to deo,'l;li~: n,ey,hiastcr , .:; :':>::{; ..-.<, 1: .... ; ... 2 - .... -- ... ..._.... :;'ft. L.. . , .. -i>: . j;!.:ififjc& . ;:.I-. . $6 fa&, 'sl$ : became. his::clisciple ::aiid:.\;ras l;ew&dcd with tlli"' '. 1.:: ">I . . . . . ~ . ' '.' I .title:rif ~ ~ n h b - i - ~ j b i r a , ; ' ; H& lIoliness ,tlio.Puro." Shc was, how- ' . ,. . . . . . . , . ' . , . . - eier;..best-known by the pootic.li+rne; Kurr.at .u'l-Ayn, i. e. ' b Tlie .'. ',: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. .:. ..;,.: . ' . ' : ' a . , ' y . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . , ' . . 2 . . . .:,. . . . . , r. . . , . .. :. P; i:z7LqGT

. . . . . . . . . , . a . , . ( ._ b . . , . .,:> ;,>+,;~,:.;;~:.,:.~y~ ,.p.f':.$-,..

. . . . . :>..".. . '..".*.,. , ? ' ;; .:* .: ;,,. .".':.' . . . . .. . . . . ,. : ,: . . . . ; : * <. . . >...x -.) .: :, ;; < ,>,, -.ye. J;-'>-: : : .;$$$$!pp? .... . .

. , Q*! :. , . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.: ., :... :.:, : .;.-,:$:::,:., :..&: . . . . . . . . . ..-.:. ;w;. ,..>.** :!& . :,*,~,;,;-;.;;:.:..c ::;.;,:~i$~ .?$.? +f,%";$.+" .... . . .. .. ' . ., .. " - .' , ' . . :;_ . . . . . , .: :'...- : ;.. ;:; '>:' *..:.'.' ... .' ,

. . . . . .,. . . ........ " . -... . . :. Ba6i'3&. afuE;. tlilr-Ba8*:i':...

4.::;. ,<:.< ip;;$;T,,:; 728

[ a ..% . ; :.,~'>*:; . . . . . - .- ecen!ber;.-- :.. .,,.*I, . . . . . . .. 27 ,: .&$, b..,. : .s . ''4.. ...... ,.., -

. . Consolation of. ~~es!'.. name given her b y - h ~ S l r s t . & a c 6 ~ ~ ~ S e ~ : ~ , ~ $ ~ i ~ , ~ . . ,)rid.KSzim. : . He%-faith . . . i io: t ha new prophet.wi$i .intensei$p4;&i$i$:;,qi;:

; - ++_;:;.7:.;;@fda4yithsms9t: .\.. i1p~~t~,~4$dtjp'~:$~1i$: +. t h i i g ...... ..,:... hFisel~li$i*t::-t\,@&@$i$!! . ..:. .J... .,:. :.. ,-. . ..-...:. ... :. doill , i & b ~ t ~ ~ n e $ ~ i : r u ~ i ~ & . ; -&L$.flef ty:hen, ~.~us~a~~~::and,~~~ilq:G,l-,~~&~r.;,:

. . . . . . . . . . . , . , ' - . ,';& -:..- 6::

. . . . . . . ; .-: countti& tlro~lo~~.:of.:.weaItli,oame-.rodp'orition ,aii_ndtu<g',i~;ieliQ .... .-.c¶ I..a. .,. . ,- might. serie:illcr ,, Blist&r.:::i ~ l~ i , i l ec tu i c s &hich~shi:,iiasf;itpti&.i~$:$~:~i~-;~~:::

. . +:: ' : proclaim . . . : the _siins. a n d &aching o f . the ,&ow : p r . o p h e t ~ t o \ $ l l i + ~ 2 ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ~ ......... : ....... ,.. -. shfp&j&ttg4i:b:6ttli ;n!e9:;qid, .sfggen: (*nlj: e & ~ i l , l : ~ ~ d : ~ ~ ~ t ' w ~ $ C ~ ~ . l ~ $ $ ~ . . .. ,.. .L ..,+ 4 :?:. $1 ; . -+... -! .. '. :; ....; taj&:bi&d. w ~ c h , s l l c & m seated)~i.made.~n~imm~~so:s~~~~ti&;;j~;,!.i;r~::@~bb, . . . , . . ..... *..:.,-, . ;..?..'!.- .;.; -. ., **A? ;!.Ji.:$

I . .:.It hr:charged the-slio: ev&'!di&rded :the &il..: ;But. t be .Qa~~r . : ' ~ - i~~ ,c~ i " .* , , . .< ~%*,;:z.-..,, .. 2 8ay:thnt i t was -~ov~r.iokntionnnlly,:.but' only: b$.chinje; tlqt;;i*;F;j;iF$ the excitement of her oratorical or poetic improvisatiouii, t l ~ a ; & ~ ~ y . - . ~ ~ i i ~ ' ~ ... i i1.g llcr face d~.opl)c.tl Ti.uti1 its l>lnc:c. 1 IM ~ l ~ ~ ~ t A : ~ v : i ~ ~ o e such a woman. ay~,!',Consolationi .?.. . . . . . . . of. Xyes," Mc, p r o ~ y n , + ~ e l l . : a a ~ e ~ ~ ~ ~ , + y ~ . . . . . . .-

. . . . . . , . . . . ,..C I-.,.. .- - ..,h : .:- >, , , vwfl...t-.:>4*

- . . . . . . . . . : . . . A a , . . V. kirg;$p$-@@~$tiy. . . . . . . .nd;my,&n&;o, b. :. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ h c ~ ~ m e n o ! ~ ; : , b ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ $ : ' ~ i ~ ~ < . ,. - I . I *..Q,<:, . . . : :: *, :~6~6)$$m~:,Pecsij~$:, i~ ;&pfQdi&~:~~,nap~:-,?lmo4tjiii . . i ~ , ~ i P ~ O ~ ~ ~ j . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . . . . . .... . . . . . . ... ... , -.,;: ,, k: ..r,. !;".,l ;:- + . 3. .- . In~ke,jd;:db.u80f,: . _ ... -. ...... I ~zi+clpus.,l&trc ,heiiinSdi,l t.L:l],eCtti;aI:&?2a~~~

. . . . . . ,... 2: .:.: 3"

gifts, lier f e c ~ i & ~ ; e l ~ ~ u ~ n c ~ ; . h e r .fearless 'devotion .ind..li~y.:.gl~.;::;Z:I:i:: .. .. : . ,_. . ., . . - ,)~~~i,kJ;G . - r i o u s . r n a r t ~ ~ ; $ l ~ e ~ i t a ~ d i ; fbrtli-:incoxrjpam~la: ?$l;;m@)ft!k,t%;; ;.,.' ' , . . , . : . , . . - ,. . . . . . , . . : . < . . . . .

h& c~"nt,.yywomen.~~>: :: '. .;: :. . . . . . . . . . . r.:. .- . .. . . ,.- ' . v,-;:.- !:..ti:?,.. :,;. t ,: 5 2.; -.-. ; .:s --:;.;.-. ,ir.-: .,;:::,:. i,'?: r.1 . . . . . :::. ,...,. :!:

. . . . . - . , Under:tb+impulniol1 . . . . . . . $ :tb&jd. enthosiaati~ &p?bt)c;'~;ldjt~"i~.$~'~:, 'b?jj$

- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v . . . ..?, ,:,':': ... ..;;-,?':,'" ' $+,, ,.i7..& 7:.

::: ..:. . . . . . :;: -.: ~ ~ f e ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ o i i l ' ~ $ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n ~ l ~ . . . . . . . :imPoitaqt.~~c&n~ert~~a9r~~1ma?$~~3nd;~~ha~i~<r+~E~~~ . . . . , .. ....... . ' i.. . .? ~~~:~f4~t~g~eg$~<:f+;$pr~~~l~F:! ,., . , .. ~ ~ & ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ . i & ; ; ~ ~ $ t ~ ~ ; : $ ~ ~ + i ~ & ~ $ , ~ ~ , ; t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ $ . . n < , ~ ; ~ = ~ : ~ : ; -. . ...42 ..' . . . . .....

. . . . . . . leadeis of:,. t l is ne-w :q~ovemeit pla~!ned :to g<to.tbe .ruined: mosquq:i . ..:.. i;z$%;jz $ . :*( ..

. . . 'of. 1<1iif$dicpl; revered inj'tlint pnrtaf. ~iia;-an$Iilri<c pio~liiiny,~;,;;;:p-; ; . . L '. . *

. . . . ..'- . . . t h ~ ~ ~ , m a 9 t ~ ~ ' ~ ~ t l ~ ~ f o r e ~ 1 ~ u n ~ ~ ~ a ~ i d ; ~ c h ; ~ n n ~ l ~ a £ "c~miuunica$i)uu~ - .L.i of:;: . A h-t - ; ; : s ~ ~ $ j ~ ~ ~ d,,>i$ .;+

tho :~&6ii~~i1i'1li,?,i;!~it &:the : ~ & u l m i d ' world: did : l@t, ~ C C ~ I : , ; ~ . , ; , ; ; ~ ; , ; . . ,.,-. .. -

. . . r6 id j ' : 'to.: resp&ir't-oi: this- ih11.i anddd;injnP:-Of~~. . . t6eir--r~isii~p.'iics,~~,~~:.: r . . .,::,. . .;,!& .... &, ,..,

' . ~kceived,disie~p&@& t ~ e q t ~ ~ t ~ ~ @ . b o l ~ ~ p ; . ~ ~ . ~ 4 : . ~ o ~ o . , ~ e f f ~ e t ; ~ v ~ , y ~ ~ ~ ~ : $ ~ ~ f ~ ~ . . . ....... was formedt2:;.This::rnas ': .. . no .. less . . than to send the' B i b , u a d ~ b t 1 ~ e - . ..,,... ...- :,-!?i;, ..: ..;"

2 l-.. .-,h.,'- "A >'.. gnidnnce of -;brY;-lieuti$~ante, Hnji . Sulepmah r.Rhal~:a~d ..TInzr .... ,.,, t .... ;: I . .. ;.;.: , Y

liutlilus,. to . , . . . . . . . Mecca, and thero proclaim his divine rnissiiili ta.ztL0. :-; .:,: ,: .:;..,,,,, ,- ,;. great. $$~m)~ag~;~~fi.;Filgl:i l~s :.frbl$; nll.>p;jiliteTsijdf:; 1 ~ f ~ $ $ $ ~ N Q t ~ ? . ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ; ~ ~ ~ ~ : . . . .

... . . I ' . : . " .- . . . . ,. .: . -.'I;...;+?,,~,,: . . .:.-. . I..I. I. . o i ~ l ~ : : w ~ d l ~ ~ ~ t ~ l e ii$ci nowe t]ris,.b~j spl;cad . m&.,;widcl$: tli?u1 1%; .;,.*.;.,+?.; ... .I .. _ , . . : . . . . . . . . . any othe~. \ray; it"&ould also fillfill the proplpllccy: whiblr , . . . . . J e ~ l q y ? ; : ~ , ~ ; ~ : > ti., ,:.: ,&j ..., '?.,! -,.,,, 4,. . ...- .. , ,:.; . " t l ~ a t . b l i&: Iha t~ l -~du l i would, maioifost:himuulf a t Meeci ,Me-3;,5;;:i> ;: ,. . ' - dinn;ad&,.beioad 1 ~ h u f n a n d , ~ ~ l i u ~ a & n at.the!.eu&

,... . . . . . . . . . . . .+I.. '.. . , . . I . . ; . .:. .. . .:..: .,:,r..-:.: ,.,, ; : . . .'.... ! ';-.::"r;. a!, qt;. .. . . .. .. .

e.... _. .L. ;",, ;. .;,, ~ye,~r?,!~,t~:iG:~~;~' :,,'(:;:- .,? a >.,. ::. - .......- :.": ;;,;.!:.-. i:,,:.;.? -,::::,: ,:i:,.!2;!... .,., :, ,, 2.

:..;P ;.'...J.$~ ,. -.,..:. .. . . . . &@$$z.'!' .- ... ; 7JJj,s:.pl~++Rr~ ac&brdini]Y :enrried outi;.:;,!"],o ~ilpimII~~~Ima88.:,~j<~~:.IVjj I. :; . , . . . . . . . . _ . . ',.. ..A . . . . ,.<',;,;: ,:'..; - .. m a d ~ , : : , $ ~ i 9 ; , ~ ~ ~ 4 , t h e &Act ,cornplotioni~f t~~e~'~~,~l<'~f.',n.th~~~p;::~;~::,~:; . . . . : .. ,.- r, :,':::

sand ye&; ,&e. ~ib.: *roclaimia it., ~e&&']~i.mdnif{$t~t$b ~ ; : ! : ~ ~ , j , ~ the Divine Gite:nnd perfdrmcd the circursh,bulatio~ . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . O$ t l ~ ~ . ' ; . : . . ~ . . ,

: ' - .,.., ..,' - . , :, .--,: :-.;';,-. ..:* ...; :$ . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . : ' ' , ..;:.< ',,f:.;,':!.: :>:..:, ' t . . . . . . . . . _ . ... ". . . . >. *,. '!I.

. . , :; ..;, ?,?,.. ), !' .: . . . . , . .

., .- - . . Y

. .-. .." ....... -; .., ... ;- . . . F;;. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,;$ , " ' ' ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fiy-;: . . . . . . . i . ' ... . -. ,. . -. ,. .. ;. ,

. . . .,* ,:.<:...: .-.- . . . . . . . ... 1.5% : ' > - -. . . . ... .,:!. . . . . i+. . . . . . . . . . i... :.. I. .,$:;. .. e;:. ....'.. !'?*. ,..:: . . . . . , . , .. ' 1 .

@;;, ; , . . . . . . . . ' . , , - ,..? t,<:;~"~~.."s.,; .: :--! ... ....,. %*.. S;{< ..~.... . - = - A * .a,;., . . .<+>&% .... - . . . . . . . .%..

!>&-.. ;' , ,: :+; -- - -v . .', . ' .:? ?., , !

$; '1897;) . .Babism:.and -thd &K" ' ' 729 1 >," .: . . 3:. U. ';.

Mosque, " with' euch an lair " ,(to q&te- the-. wofds of . one whd . ' , . ' . . . ..... . .-. _ dated his convymion . . . . . .lo. - Babisa . . :fr0m:t4~t;';jni$deqt) ..... .. . . . f c of eolemn- . .:, , ., ...:.;:ii. . ..&,.

: ............ ,$:--emit:&Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . - ~ e ~ a r & ~ ~ : . @ & i ~ ~ ~ i ~ i C p ~ ~ ~ l l 6 & ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ i t l , r ~ ~ ~ , e n t ~ ~ ~ o - i ~ ~ i i i ,.r ......... V L . .. - . . . ,- +..> . . . . . , . . . . . . . :$:-: - . .: ..- ~ ~ t . 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r b ~ ~ a < s ; r ~ f y ' ~ y ' ; t h ~ f , ; ~ t ~ & ~ ~ s ~ U ; ~ ~ d ~ $ihi;zr',:~e, vho, is: f&<: .:. ->;:

, . - - , , , . * .- ' nrhe<,oht of;. tlra',.'fahily.of: -hf"hahmad' (i.:.& t];4: Mahdi). 0;: else' :;'<:: '*;!.: .T.. e ,.: ..- "': one of th6'~h~rdianswhb'sl1dl'accompaii~ him;" . ,-,,;, ;fa.;,r:.. $?., . .:... '. - . . . : I n 1845 the;Ual? .............. rct&ned,-tb. ~ u s h i r ~ ' b ~ sea and,then.visited . . ... :. ..: p,,h%,_,. - ,..,, ; ~ h u f ~ : ' a n d Kh"i.6sja~+.t6 6&$&y, .-':"; :2:i

._I

,<&.<;.: ........... . . . .:. . ~ ... arid at b'h&'.se$t;akt:his. 0 1 ~ l @ i o ~ ~ i e s ; i ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 f ~ ~ ] i ~ ~ p~&ipa[cities df, . ..*,: .. , ?.

.?;.i; ;: . : ~ e i s i s . t? 'prdclaim h i ~ ~ $ ~ ~ t h e ~ ~ ! ~ ~ ~ & $ ~ ~ ~ . ; ~ f ::Allah," hi& whd - "'I: . . . . . : ;$% . * -. - ,I

. . . . . should appeir from tlio 1inddgspf'-the.. &Bat. Ptopliet. Eighteen -9. . . cliief- apostles were appointed, halleti the Letters of tllc T IIVIIIF. ' '

'1'11~ vic~!>, ig~lora~lce : t t l t l l l i l l~~~t~>~t~t . ss ul t I t n * ~ . ~ . ~ I I I : I I * . > I t * - ' .

ST> - .clergy, were unsparingly: .. denounced ......... ; the ...... descent' . . . . . . . . . . . of -the Bab from ;,,:;,,+ i:i':, . , , ......... . , ,,$,., 'r.. the ;great. piopbobjnd'. tli&..&lra'i;lee, +at'.:,aw$?+d::hiidP&er& dfcs-, .. ;:I": $:.pi . . . . . . . / _ % . . . . . . . . ",#f>\ :: . :.3

, ............ , ,...+-. . . . :,iclaime4,;;: t t i a ~ : i n ~ ~ i r ; i t i o n > ~ h i ~ f ; ~ , ~ e ~ a k l ~ d ~ ~ hi&i,jt~..:~~i&. . . . . , : . ~ r a b i o . . ..- ...., . . . . Q.; :. :::: A- , 811p&rioi:.'&- .. thb*i, of i:~li~-l$olj::'&bk' &&:. ttium;. . .@,";;; ; ..: . &&&-i~i6 'W-&;i.'

- _ . L;. 3,:

phantly adduced, and the notable conversions of eminent Doctors .>;,;; -

::F,. ... t :' -.. .$:' . . . : . . of:, Islam: and the ver;~r.,.dissensions: an&~,persecutions-- of theqtime: . :-;. I:.: \<.: , . .

. . , . . . .

i.,L. . ,were broi~ght forward a s eigns that h i was the.-true Gate of the, . - :.. ,: F'-. :...'; . .I' New Dispebsation:. . . ; , ........ . , ............. , . ..............

. , &:::; . . 1.-.-,-. , C',

. . . . . . "'i. ...... :, ';-, . . . . . ; :.,;j ,.?. ..,? ,.,.s..c;y:: $::.:i.i.:'.' .. ~ $ : ; I T ~ ~ . Y ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ . t $ ~ l i & ~ ~ : f g ; i ~ ~ i h ~ i . .gf;_ib; ,M+ jem.. laib Gii.6. ,- ., : ..,;;

, ,-.I..+ .........' 7 ' . . . . . . . . . .... %:..+ ,.:;,,, z .. , . . . . , , . '; ejshcedih6ily.'~~grjr:.;.;nt . ; t g df$:.'tgisi ll&,&y; '.;:. ~ f i $ ~ y ' i;,?.:-%+'!. .-..?,.. . . . ...' . . . s*,. . % , . .. - . ., .:, .... . p r ~ ~ c h e t s .of,. tho fiith,.were: n?obbed.:;ahd~gfidviusly maltreated, , ,,; kf.;+,t'. , , , - - . . . . I :.. . .Yr. . . aid:.:cv&i", p~~ifi&d:witll '-t l ;~., ]d~]l~:~.b$tl;&:d~t]l~l i t ieS~.~~ Tile. Bab .: . _ ; :..:c '.F;,.-:, .... . . .

:+$:::?. : .7.y .. L:.... . . . <!< .;:. .w&$:~eize~ .,wd~cQofin~~i.'~t.:~h~~&~;t:~;hi~~j~i~~~~ . ,w&j attacked l?y . . . .. :.: ~ ':

. ':. a.!rihble.iistightih, i t is': alleged, by .thk.i,$uthoiitics themselves. ::,. '.'A ;. - . , < ...... ,;:",;., , , . '. ~~'.~Thb'Gove~&i~,~inatea&..bf phuidiikg tlie:'i;ingleaders of the,mob, . . ,:., .. .. ;. . . . : - . . ;iy, i!-.:..:- *,.A:, ,::. :.-9- .<.:.. , ... ~ ~ : . i . ~ j i . : i ~ ~ n ~ ~ c ~ ~ e ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 9 o ~ 8 ~ ~ ~ f ~ . , ~ t 1 , ~ ~ ~ ~ 5 1 ~ ~ $ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ U ~ j ~ k ~ ~ . ~ ~ s . A.e .-. .-.... hlnbl~, the . .: .,:.-. , . . . onaer-of.,the. house, to the bastinado. But all these l)crsec~~tiona 2-;. . . :? 7

only.&red abroad the fame of the oew prophet. The of ico . to

'2;.. mlios~ custody-the Bab was committed became conviriccd that t l~c . .

: :&$)c;.2 ,-.r.-.::$i;?~&&ic$df' .=-.. ;;- : , '~i$-:gs*if i .d~~,~~tt$$k,~f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . ,thi;i$"ip,e.:qn$. due .tq: thd, .::.: ;;, , . ... .., . - . .

I-. :*:;-L, ?!:.Bob'$ pr$y&s,it&;d ?F .ghver.hiid: lib~ftg-@. egerpi .~~j~i" th is : flight; : , ::'.':. . .-.;,.,.':;I:!' " ... 'C.7

y,;is,. t l s t $f M"tammRd.to';M@inii; ... , . s u y e ~ ~ t u ~ i l \vondera; . . . lent$r;;<~:: .,: ..< r;ic4,z-!

'c ?,+: i....,.~:: 4 :,::.-.;-~-, '..2.:"Ltllejr . isnoy&d,: hala, to. tiie, :p4*?phet,;i;.'T6-rvh~c]lkierrr:df~. t],e fthrco..: . . ..:? L;;:. , , A:p,zy~.~;: ; . . + .,. h6n&,tlid B&. .rbde;iiff.5;pecuw - ~ i t t u ? : ~ ~ a ~ ~ c o + ~ ~ n i ~ ~ t 6 ~ ' 1 j. s$<${{>E'';T~~ g:- ,!...? ;?; .;. ,- . ,,:. . . :,. :. ; .: ..:.

.v. p~ctrrtc3iicj,, thmt i! y~nt:n) ,bk hqi t$ t l j ly : ' . . iwift1F: 'nnJ -fcirbol'+:. ~ O : ~ C O ~ L ~ : .. : . ,. ,.>'.:',.. i t 9 2 ..:>.2vkv+ ..??.', ! . ( . . . -2.:. .!..,:& ..... ..ex&eta. ;$!;:;+;:.; ; , i ;~ . .

~ ~ 1 0 n e ~ q i g l i t ~ ~ ~ ~ l i e ~ ~ ~ ~ : : . , . been . . . . . . . . Niss~d . ' : .:. did . fiought . ,:h,.G: .- .s. : . ; ,x.~,: .; a?. ..+ ... .;:.:-in viin,~$.$$i~ly: his,volco was Ls+daijei iki~i~. .to hir.companio~'Q. -.< -.-?$ . . . : . . . .. '-1 . . . .

.- ':""' ,j. . ' ' : a: 'LwLy RrB. ;ydi : ,bOUb]ed.?&'~~o~ci~- '.FTis & m l ~ ~ l i i o ~ ]ooltcd and .:' .'::, ....

2s .y- . . . .

. . . . :.?I: . , . . ia~. thi :f&-m ,,y& YI..LNO..ia. 5 6 hie i j?;:48 ,~~oliriese,'ete& ,:,,i!::: :.j:j:'.. in: .i tile' i . 7;' saildle, like t ly .Alif. ..,..... - ?.:.. .. .:.

. , . . . . . . . . . - - .. . . . . ' .. , . . . .

a . . . .,-< . . . . . . . . ;. . . .. . . . * . . . .- #7 . . . . . . . . , , , .,..= .!,.\ :4*v.-&'?!w

. - . . . . ,.,:.. .,\.l..'~t;..-J . . .. bY1,'L. ,&ft(l.+ ... . . . . . . . . . . . ,

. $ .

. ' ,

. . . . . . s . . . . . ,. . . ... -. ..-;:.< :<,..;..

. . . . . . . I ' ,..,.. ..r -.- .I..':.( . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . . . . . <ni ,.-.<:;-. . .:; . 4.>.<...L *..,: ;>., ., . . * ,,,.;is !.;:?.:.; %-*:q ;. ,j,, .,,;5~:f?~$i:,+ii

. . .. ... . . . . . . . . . ._ . . , . . . . . .-' , : . _ . . :, ... - . . ,2?.i;-;;&;:.p~*~e 730 ,' ~ab;tk. and .thd ~ a b . ' . ' ' i [ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ : , - ~ . : . . i i ~ 1 ~ t* , y;iz$$f

. . . . . ;< '.;;"'x :.

. which ie s y m b o l i d of the Divine Unity, while. a continuous . . . . . flog.i;-..:r;i;.:.:::v L!,:;:.i?;;~;;

. of light llunp lilts a ,veil. roun,$,%bou$ h jm and r o s e hearenn&-aa. .;;;*;.:.+ 4:- -$ "S " ...... ' ..: ... <pis . l igh t s0.;+@q~qp~ga~:+$-i~;~;fd~~1i~g,:;~~;i~,~~~~& $l,lnl~'+~~n&~~*~>v~!~$y~ . . . . . . . -:

C .., , ..-* ;.. ~, , - .- s"Y"':)*.

. . a0.i .hin,,tbot ; t h s _ ; , e j ~ ~ ~ ~ s Qab4C;-~~<.ptlibr;:&dmpnnis~;Gf:'$$~~i~$ . . .,* ;r ,.,. <'."'\ .:

- .: : the fligllt, behplding: : . . , . thikl::utterod,'fi, laud. ~Sy 'nnd . , 8 ~ o ~ ~ n ~ ~ . . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ : ~ ~ : l " ] " ~ ~ ~ ~ ! . . . -:+;.:; .-.-$ * . ,>,$ ,.!?+?. . and was never-again in;;llis right: ;$ind,'nnd : * o ~ ~ . : e f t e < . ~ ~ : . ~ ~ . . . ! ,;

.t;c::"- ; , L L . cffect, of. tl+ vision, yielded up his spirit to the Lord o f ' g l o r ~ . . ~ . i ~ ~ .a; :>:. -, . .. - ,.;kkX/s ;>,ti: . - 'l:. . . . . . . : ; ? . . ; ; . ~l(is,rujr$tll($£ . t l ~ ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ a n ~ f i ~ ~ ~ r a , t i o ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r h a ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ; , ~ , ~ ~ ~ i , . ~ : : .. . _ _ I

,? ,:.-&$.$ . . . - a

. :-- most~,striling of .the , s u p a m a t u m ~ p o ~ v . e ~ : ~ ~ d .ihcideqts,attiibuto~.~::-~;~,rii;~..$ . - . . ,:+fi:: ..-?*. '. :

' . -td:him b. h i s ' f o l l ~ r v e n ~ . ; ~ But . i t is . : .onli-one imbngi%noy.< ,.T)le;,!~:u ,...: *::. .. A*..b- F~syj faith o f t h e ~ a i b i a . i n the divine mission and character & . t h e ~ ~ ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f ' ~ $ , ~ < ~ > prophet was so ardent as readily. to lend a r n i < ~ u l o u s ' t i n g ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ $ ' 1 , - I - I . ~ ~ . O I I ~ I I I O I I ~ ~ : W ~ ocu~~~.l.c:~~cc:.+. Doors, l)oltcd :111tl loclit!tl. openetl: a t hi.? command. A box of sweetmeat? that h? had w ; ~ :,:,,,,, ,, ;.-,..

, ,,. . 8:. ,- , ,-4 2r4:+; ~~ept :pe$knia l~y : fillefii' !A; m~wJ-pipk~cover ,w&$&ns+i?t~d;$w;i;;i~~:~if-~

. . - ,;? ;,.;:;:,; i,':., old i t l i is touch. c :At M i l L . l ~ ~ e a l e d . & i . s c a l d ~ ~ c i d e ~ j .$hi~d;,~$~~~;~;~~~; : . . g. . .. ;: ,: -;'f* :. i', .,

d r a ~ ~ n ~ ; ~ ~ . ~ l ~ ~ ~ l c e i c ~ i e f _ . tirer ~i&.;<id;~i~e~ati~~~.~e~hin'cj:~1~~;~~@$i words. Tlie,:water in wlicll he washed ;ms sought~by t~~~i<iici5~~:;f4:!:. .... .I :I

d, , 2 c,.i%-2:,;'*q . to use f o r . . - . th.eili",:: ... tlie::.siclr,'. nncl:.provecl ..efficq~ious.in;;yq~l<ing~~~.~~;~~ . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . wonctrons cures, ' ~ e s i d e i this, he exhibited 'nisrvelous .,pb.iiifs~bfi:~:;{.;,.;.:-;~~~;~ ,;*$,.,~,&.7.'?;,,

, . propl~ocy ,and .. , - . - linonlcdge o f secret. things, ~ u c h ~ n s ; n : , & ~ s s i ~ e l ~ i ~ ~ : ~ ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ inj). ;cucumherr .-. ~ f u 1 1 ~ ~ ~ M i ~ ~ a : ~ ~ ~ h a ~ ~ n a ~ ~ ~ n c ~ :s~?t~:d~\~$~,~$~~O:,i~~;~.-;~~~~~

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1

J:.-.+:,~?.:..:,.:'. . . . i- t l l o ~ i ~ n d '?pd

. _.., . . . . . . . . whlclt he, had @ltnessed.& . . . . . . (the p,&t,'of i l~i~.~~l[ol inass; th$ B&b . . 1 ....... - ;indl . .: .-:*, ....

.;' . . his. apostles.: ;j TI,$ Bf?lb'hirnself, ,h$veva; d/d:n9t,..F&g;LTdj tlleje;: !s?~f%i::<?i- ,,K;j gj ,,.(. ::.;:

proofs ,of..liis nliyiion, <nd':did-nqt.dcsirc t o hiv~.tllemipiiblisll$!.;j;~::!;$~~~~ ~11e:onc.suheinsturnl'si~. os':mhicl! lle rested his commission. was:..'-^^^?^^.^.^::

1 ... , ': ..i .: :.!, ,:, : bis . inspired:. poe&o impr(visati~P~,".m'! By, wllnt iigfi,'; .the. 1,nnls.i ;..; .a,.Y 7.:. .. . ,: ;, - . i: .+.

Jum'a .asko~ him i~j, Isfahnn, :! dQ yQ$;,$gt+)li~lr,t~& .., t'ru#: .. .-,.... d .$l~<a;::: ..,.. ..--, .,.<:.;+ .<;*:,,

uhim 1 .,?_ . ~ ~ ~ . . ~ ~ r ~ ~ s , " mid t l ~ c Dab, " for sit,llout pause of p~l 'Y~~. : : -a~~c . .--, ' I can, in the- space of three 1lours;~write rt- thousand sent0n~es-a1t.:';r~.~.~:-.~::::i:.~ any . . . . subject that I plcasc." "put," objectcd lliv host, b L you' III;IY

. : havo~consi~lcrq~, , t l~u ' mntter::previb!~glx,~i~ :;!: I.iill.:.write," replied:~::~:;;:,.~i~:i; . . . . . , .- . .

> ..

. ' . . - : t h e J 1 a ~ . ~ . u ~ i ; n i x : : , m ~ b j ~ ~ t : . . . . y ~ ; l i l i e . ~ : . . . , , .r. . . tbTl!t?ni:., sni'd~'l~$::~o~t,;;,;.~j~:$~~:;~ . . . '.:,.: . , . . . . j . j:. t: .?iitc?:foc, ?ps;lL,iiconime~j tqry; on .the :Sutra, : ~ ' l - ~ i ~ < ; . : . . . . . . . ($03 j of,.tlla; . ... :?:'?.':::: .. a - W + ...

',..;:?, ".?, ' K ~ ~ r n n ) . . , , Sy:.llis IIelincss, began..to-w$tu ;an&. in' tltreeillo!!~~;.;.1jrj.~~~$j2~

. [or six, ,in Mirzn ~ , $ i i ' s ?cqo~!nt] Wrote thouisid, vcries. 'Flha'...'!:...'*'.. . . . . . ........ ..: "- ..c .. ,,!i:thP ~nlnm- J I I I ; I ' ~ wa<convili&d : tlint -iucll poyd+~y.,from Go(1; . , ' : ,,.:l:::i. . . 'L; :,,.... ' ! :/ I-.: , .. . .. " . . , ..-. ..+A'.

. . being be)p~d;thn',onpiicity of mar.? ~ i ~ e w . ; l ~ i ~ t ~ r ~ , o f : ' t h & Dab; :+$..,r .'...% ... _ . ..- , . , . , .; . >: ; , ,.:, !;::;:*, * :& .'p$. 209 asd S$JJ,;.,:.!: :I ,:. & ..,.;,:,. &>;.,iL;.:.. ;>~~<~$~ ! . . ; ',.I, (.: . . . . ..: ;;: !... . ,,, ..? .... . .. ....,?..... . o . . '-..-x,. fc . . . . . . . ......... 4 .-'si,..'C ,r.* .* On his'nrriva! a$ ' I s f~ l la i , 'thb ~ n b ' wari.. entertained . bxpno; '.:, of ..:,: '.' . 1 .... .:.....

its rllost dietinguislled religious leaders, wl!g .Boon ,b&c&e * . . . ,qc?n-' ... ,!. .:$:-:Gi:ii; .. . . . , . ,;,, ,:;:. :,:.-y; ...Z;$< 3 . - . . . . . . . . . . ., , ,> . ,&,,, . , . ,, v. : ,;.;. :;, ;:. :. !;:.:$f:.::.;:;;3 .... :. L.." . . ....... ,: ;::>: y <'.T-,. ?. ''4 . . . . . . . .

:

, , : . . . . a . . . .,>:.< .; .- . . . . . . . . .;-. ' . ,t :' :. ,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <*?,;.,, . ' , . . . . . . '3 r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..:.,, -..>. i - , . , .......... " c : .......- . - . . . .-I.".L : , . . . . . . . . . - - . - ' - . . . . ; . . . 3rr';.? . . .

', .. ' . !.' I . .

1897.1 ; \; ' - , Babijm .and 'the ' ~ a b . 7g1

. . . . . vert. Tlie ~finuchir Khan, took a strong interest in . . . . . . . hiq;: and tried to at<angi). a .gb l i c discussion between him. and-:

,< ... t ~ ~ ~ Z ~ ~ ~ a d i ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ l ~ ~ $ ~ c O ~ o e m i n ~ : ~ t ~ e ~ ~ e ~ j ~ f a .. .Tb r re y l a r ..; . :7::sG If;; . . , . i ..:.... .+ ...;:. ....... . ,b;"-< ,;z,, .... . .+.. ; .. ;. . . ..%' .. ~f'i,r-.. . . . . . . . . . .:U. 5.-: . . : a,*.-. ... ...a;.,:< . -.- c1ergy:weie n f ~ - ~ i ~ ~ t o ~ ~ ~ s P ~ h u , , argument: witli the L&esiarch,'apd,.. :... -7 .... . , . :.; - . ,. .instegd,. $j'jn,to -the Kkhef . . . 6ficiil9.int Tehe=aiil with a. batch of. . . . . . ? . ,

' : , . '$ros+i -'niisriiPrestintati~& : &,iixnor; .ordered to send the- . *..::. : Bpb to the capitch, mado .g- fibt o f s o doing, but concealed' him f:'"

f .. . . . . . . . . . 1 :

t . ,. . -;;:. .*. is, his;bwn palace,i.aud.~e$e$n:bffe~ed~it~is .(.::::..:; ...., .> ........... .iuegidi:to;lkqd. . . . . . . . - b h . five:.-:. -<.: i::,~ f i

I . , . , tbd&ahd tribesmbq.;to back 'hipl;.iii~di& he'-w~s')i4isposed 'to ,go, ,., i, .'::

,. . tb ' ha, with ' h e ~ ~ ~ & : i u & & ~ i & ; ~ ~ ; ~ ~ t ~ o n ~ ' i f tdi, however, this ;.:,;. ;! . 1 _ .....a. . . independent go;h;rn&, &lo ha$. $%o&e;. so at'taclled to' tho Bab, . :;.., ; ': - . . , ,(lied, and the jab was removehn'as- a prisoner of state, Rrst to .

,\lalrn, ~icxt to Cll1i111.ilc. :ill11 t.111!11 h) T;LIII.Lx. 111 tl~i-sc ~; i r i . a t

. Y . . . ...h......i..t.... places the Bab wiu . confined . I . . ''I for c tbyee.o.r: four years, beiug allowed,. . .- .... , . ~ i T - a-s

j. i ,.-.... xg . . . . - write.~an$~,c;~mm@pi<it~jj , ....... - .. . ; _ . kitG;: -.. hi$:-.follo*ers: '..;':.' T1ie.I . . . .,-. .':!";':I; . ... l

, . c S... . . . . .~epist~~~iprpersd.tieat~es, ,. .... s , e r q o ~ g j , ~ n d .~comm~entari~s,,, onn th::? ,:;I? . - ~: ~'~+~i;.~q;tkst;,Uh~~~~b~-,in &is ' ti,&jai@.!&,idl' to hzi;(, , exc&eded->'dne 9,!;7;<7;$ . . . . ' hundred' tlioustinil verses ; they ber&';ipresd among all classes of .

, .... . . ;. . . . . . . . . . . the peoplg and::througli a1l;:quarters of' the.:land;pnd ........ made mu!- ,- :::-:, :; . . titudes of ctin&rts.'" . Dui.ibg' thii!'timb; *also; a great step in the ; ' <+'; .;1 . . . . . .

doctrinal devclqpment qf t&i ~aii:fiitli:wis,til~in.. . . . ,. .,.. . .,.,. :-:.. . . . . ' . . . ,; ,.;..: . . , .*.. , ' . ' : - I . ' . . ,!?,:!;: ::

. . . :. ,. i,,;Io,:thi ~ n r l y ; ~ ~ e n r ~ ' ~ f j t ~ l ~ , + b y e & n t , Mi&a;?~li . ~ u h k & a d bib': - - ,. ., .< " ..r, . . . . . . . . . i: ?*. . . ...... bee$~~oD&tt~.,ciill. ~i*2i?1ft:,k$-Q, &hi: . . . . . . . . . _ . . (3&ew+); of entrani* t o : . < ~ ~ < . ~ j $ , ' ~ .... . .

.: . . . i. : grea$F, ~ i v i i i _ ~ i $ f e s t a t l ~ $ .,_., , . _ , _ , gi * ; I $ C ~ : L ~ - . ~ M ... the forerunner. . . ., > , . .

.* 2 . . . : . . ;.But,. a~.tbe!move,ie~t: g e m ;&id: hfi; aisciiiles ev~rywhero- asked, :- ,,:,-:i,; . . . ..t J : .'{;,,+.$,' w,, ,,,.. - - . . . . . . .- . . . . . . . . . . .......... lo;ls::thi?, great&f,~nb;lmqtio_ri,.,$d!:phkn hill lie '&isifest him- . j; rr l : ::<

>> . . ... . :-self ? '!- tlleosoplli8':i,d;igin~tio~ dhd ~ ~ . i ~ ~ a ~ ~ p e r s o n a l *ambition, : ,_:I 3,:; . . . . . . . ........a:.

, ' inqrtricnbly miiigled~yitl . . . . . . it, plomec~'tbeir.wings for a still Ygtier ' " ... .. :,,* (:.;. ! -0. z' -

.s::::E flig?f;:;l. ~ ~ l I ~ & ~ l ~ ~ s l ~ ~ u l d . ...... duq l.?p$~f6~~tlii<per\.tcr Theopbany, : lt:;.?,: .., ' tlie of the Divine ~anifiistiiion, tlian anlong the D:!I,i

.,.' t: . , leaders themsel~bs?';: I t seems to hgvo been Bazrat-i-IC~idtliis who \ .

first laill cl;iinl to bciug this Final Manifestatiol~ of (iuti, ~ h u I":

i f : ;- . : .,,:. Rukta jo:f . . . ~ o i r i ~ ~ ~ o f ~ ~ ~ R e y e l a t i o ~ . ~ f n . ~ , ~ 5 q ~ . ...... . . . . . . . . . ,th~.:,di?ine. inspiration, ;.:;: ,:;, . . . . . , . . . . I -7 .- $A :I .- !;:,- : rre*]ibdPts Flim'm. pnd' , ~ ~ d ' ~ d t ; ~ J & ~ ; i ~ : . b d d i l j;: form ib;: thh 'e&&, ,5:!?2:.Q ...... ,- . ' - * <--.,*?. ,:. ,.: . , - .- . .- - .. : . , - I . ? .i.. L - - - . . . . . . . -. %;*

)..;e~+$.-;~&. ..., .*.:,-:,;.,; ...?'-. p.!<$ he:; @+d,i<!d: al~t:bf:iverqq; ........ ejth: ahicl?; he- had be en.-:..+:^;-+ s -..,.q:t,%:k!!fl: -.,:y- .. ..v<i-,<spire?., $.:.j'br,. a~ti~er&~i~~&~li~~u!l~&m& hilowed I.&:: &&-. ........ . ,-. . 4. ,. ., 2' . f. .......... ...yo" , , A - . . . . . . . . . . . . <. 4' .;.': I ,;.,,(.;., . . : . .:a%.: .:.and '.iris sun . beoqme ~ ~ ~ ~ i r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ : i ~ ~ ~ ~ u i e s c ~ n c c . ' l ~ ~ , . 1Ie . deferred. . . . . . t o ... ,;.:." .-.?

.*. . . ... ....--...... ' "**'~~;i&ci-l(u&l&. . . . . . . . . ,as-his. I . . , . ipiritiil; _. : * & i i ~ r . : ~ ~ d : ce~sedi . . . . . . to. &rit$,:_j: :.;;i' .: .., >..- - . . :,.?:- :,,L.:j <;

%t',~'';, ,.. '..' ". .'..I. .,? ,. i. i,;, . :C-'tipntlcs . toiths Babi;cLqoll+ it<lbeatlj:~-,,~lId . . . . . . . . . . . leading npostle.~annd:,:,. . :, .s~-,,:..:&,,,

~ t ; ~ l : i ; , ~ ~ ~ ~ l l i O f ; ~ r b i t e i .-...v,.I ~f : t l i $ ~ ~ p $ , . ~ ~ $ ~ l ~ _ i , ~ ~ { y d ; . * b ~ : h?? fivt ? i s p o ~ @ : r ~ d : + ; ~ ~ ~ " i , ~ r?:tr.

5 .. the. .~=bfand: &-+;ned:'the b;f : j ! ~ & f ~ ~ ~ ~ of t ~ , b G~~~ ,SD: : : : - . . :I.L :i a l s ~ yieldeJ priccdenc& to the bold clisciple who had been tlic:. 1,; ' ,I. :. " I . _ .: '>, , , . , . ; .,,, -' ."; '- . "" .. +

.._ _ . . . . . . . . . _ . . : . ' . , _ 5 ' -.-.. . . . . . . If . . . . . . . . . . . . . :

. . ., A : - . . . . . . . . . . -:.+ : i cF+?!vz . . . . . . . . _. .. , . . .-' ' .c:.,. . . . . . - . . . / . . . . . . v . ',., ' , ' , . . ;;;;.?;;y? ti:;$jq:4>

. . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . , ,..A i :,'. _. :. . . . . ' ". , . , . - . -y:'; , .. . - =.::.. .,;: ...: q ...,:. .:*. >.,. :::. .... y,;;; . . . . . ..... . , ; ?,,::.;.?:?$, .*k\,j;$3, )!L?

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - ,.,. ..,a,- .:, , , " .;;:i;::,.;~;;:;?:'-: - 7...,. $,$&:-i . . . . . . . ...... ,.;<.,: . . . . . . . " . . * , , .,,?. ,. , . . ?I. : .\ ;- ::;;,::.:$,Tj+?!;,$G#$ : , [D . . ~ , . . : . ' : ? : ' , ~ . ~ ~ & ~ . $ :?&:$:;*I ,v+<:

. . . . . . . 732 ~abi~rn'lanb' thk ~ a b . : ' . - .- $: : : : . , .+kf .. , ,, ecembep -2.~- , -.: % :. 1, ;,7: .,,, <rt7--i-. ', .,,. ..!< *:. ."<$..4 . 5 4 . : very last to be adwitted t s tho inner eircle of the"' Letters! ofz,+$i,,>>$.id

A. ,o:~.i-,',C'-:.,.$ : ': the Living? but who, POW, papired. G, r i se . ~b~vetbem~~ll;~~;~:$;~~;~~:: ,., -. ,':'..: ; ....... . . . : . . . .i . . 2 - : ~ d P P n ~ , ~ 9 ~ ~ ~ ~ l i $ , ~ n _ ~ ~ ~ i i ; ~ o r i 1 ~ ~ ~ e ~ f mi . . th~$@$nX~~~t,~rr;'ih~$i;~(~~~f~~i$$~*~J ,, . . .8 . . .......,,,. .........+...... ,..; ,,&&, ,e<; : .A : :?': ,,bt~e~:ti&cs;::he; clni&od:to: b> Cljri$, comb b40k to e&td%,Tbs.:!g:- ~$',.fi

. , • . . . . >,:: , . -.5*5Fd 1.. .tf& Q . . . . . . - .propdetss - ~ ~ j r a t t ~ l - ~ y f r - ~ i 1 ~ ~ ; ' $ 1 a i + ~ d . t i$& ~ ~ " m d n i f ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ p l ? d..<$+.<.>&:rr . . . ,& . L > . . . ,* . - --~f . . : ~at . ima, ' t h e prophet8e. &ughter;,and -'.that-:anytbing unbleaq . . . . . ;;14mI&z;:2kZ?I?i

1. repgered .pure by being eubmitted. to .hgr .gaze.:; .::';:::. :'. ; q; ,7;,:;:.;, .&&i,:,:.;~?.;i3 . : . . ... ..... ,,'. , ,i.'"' , ... ,.. .. !.. ,, ,$<. .*,>. .>?/ ?.z;y$,.. .,h-::-$ .... . . . "::.~f&r'& hbrt : peiio~:;;~~~u6'~iis idQ;1ta'; th~ae~;:]~t19rric~q!,my$~;i~3<cA52i: : ...,- -?,f~.,r.~;~~3z~;,~~J ,<:.*. : - . .; :.

, . i,., ~3azritii-ICuddu.q, t,lle-J3ab cij;;d. I.&. finn~Xpo~tl'4, M,i1l1iK II$$~".$.$~~ :,i+ . . . . . . .. !!-,.,'-.-A

:,: rvlio'from tho outset seems ta.hire beeq,the r e j~ lu t6 iu l j . h~ spirit-~~\:*~2~5*'y ..; .,,.! g. , . '1 o f the neG sect, concluded. tci..16 turn down '? tlieirtob: nqMti6u?I';;~2~!;~~k7.

disciple. Whether they did not find Hazrat-i-Icuddus' verseis gei\;$;i-f:j.zz.$; uil~c or sufficiently ilrslliretl, or this v:lil~ :LIIII bu1111)tious le:~dlc~. .

: .failed tosecii$~th<co~fidence,.or ,populaq.. eoppork a£;: tlie u~.ass.of ..,;,,,, '.I ...... .-.. . . - . . . . !:.,; . .-iy,..$:*$?*

' : tl!~a:di~cipl~~~~~-c~n':~~nlyJ!~~d~~~Otriie, , ....... :; &t.~+nnny;~te;~~~eld$~orn~e5iF,$5$ , :;concluded 'to: . . . . . . . . prol166tB.:th'e.::~al>i.hi&se~f~ito the-.higl!e_r djkpi@:+f i .:.;.:Z"@.j: .- .:: . . . . . . ........ . . :r'e.?:z?!;>,,< ;*:

point: or::.~,bQltimo - atle lei{ ':~inn:~~i_~~~l,amm$d~f~d&~ J&;-$#$$$.; : beginning; jit w39 claim~d, had beeu :the d&ti&d G ~ G of ..fiercl&.$;;~;!<~:? .iw...,i..

. . ,' tion;:tl~e ;fiqil; M&nifi&?ti,o*:. o£:;W.&,i.ijn.1~ at :fir~thin.di~i&t$~:.~!;;"~~i . ., . . -~J . :L . - . ,$;

had beeni.+il&d.: and 'he liad.. bet& ,Icontint_ td.'m~~ife&'!~lliin~C~~:i~~~~5i;<.~:~;I. ., .....;.. ..... y:' t - . . :. simplym: tl,e, B,$b: ~nGate;.te:_Th~ i ~ a b i 3 1 i u r ~ h ~ $ e t h ~ s i n s t i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ $ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ s i j ~ ~ . . . . . . , . ? . " . -. . .- . . , . . . . . . .

: , . . . . . . ; '5:. . . . . . . . adopt* t ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ u t i o ~ o f I ~ t ~ ~ ~ : ~ m y 4 t e ~ i d s 9 ~ ; i o f ;.PfoviBe~ce.; ~k~dci,tli?$$c&~$~~ : : E: .Mul l iY:a~~eyq- ,"@:;revardi;i;f&r;:,1ii88i ii~~tiina)l~~+p.i~e~;~)~~~~~~,;:;;~~~~;

5 heink ~~ro'mot(id :! to. the p o s i t i o ~ , ~ f Bsb.-. SVith:tho- a & h o n r ) ~ d g ~ ~ . ~ r ~ ~ ~ i < $ ~ ~ ~ ~ . .: . . . . . . . - . . . . ..: .: ,: b, .d' %!.: . : . . . . 'L ...

.-...,. '. . _ . . : : : . mont. o t a;, vpremg ,a~dPliip:of . _ ~ i ~ $ , ; ~ f i , ; ~ ~ ~ ] ~ ? ~ ~ % d ; ~ ; ~ f i i ~ ; ~ : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ $ $ $ { ; ,.- ,,. i.. . Jigpity of.~Ba~-~\v~~.left'.o~e~~t9'~ dgSFond:, th4,?ij&t', jGti;&p:in . , ,. .< . ~:~~~:"~;:h:;'rJ:~ .+5Fi-st5 !,<;LC;

. . the;.Babi. ,lli$i.a&h%': :' JU&' cc,nDensatibh :,oii.pr6ssul;&::-.~@,.,:' ,;'" ...:Fi::r$ , . '"I. .... :*.,-.: .... ...

... .!. . . . . :..eml.iiyeci: . upon .IIazyat;-2-ICudw to m a k ~ him: jield,.bis claiss, . . . . . . . wi~.:'.::.;,.;~;::?p.;d . j i . . ., . . . . . . ' .PC P . . . + . .

' ' are no t told ; .b i t yieldbe:did.:.;. Now. tbat.; the. Bi~li~$acJ ~,~e.~.m(s;j,&:~i~+;~;.;j the~(@m;:~h~&prem&~aoifesktt iou of tllc,~,ivine, greater won- ;-;:::.T'": ders thirl e&.att'en&d'.. his cnrcer. . ' I ' ~ & b . . m d i o ~ ~ e of ' n i i g l ; f . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ j $ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

.... ,;,,-. and msljeutg.stroarned from his couutenancc that none.could. bear; ..L,,c . ,.,,

. , .-. : . ;_ . . .;;,,to: . l i 0 1 ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ t ~ ~ ~ eff i~l '&fichf :bis..glory no&bea"t~-.':ii ~ol&ne<z'.:$j?yi;. . . . ;:, ,,:: Pi .*-.

-. - ;- d id . c ... I tlie;Indiaa.:Bklicv~r:ca&h.~igbt of _the.'f~~&'~&~;:~-li~.~ol~bs~~: , . . , . . ..+ .:,!:..> ,:;?:r - ~ ! t , # ~ ~ + ; ~ , w ., ::$$ ... ..-. . . ... :. ., . : .d~~~th$~l~&.~xolai~~s(l:..~~, . . . . ( . . . ? ' a Tliia . iti-my . . Lord,''liid. . . . . . . . . . . . . fell . . ~ w @ ~ u i p g - t o ~ ~ ~ ? ~ ~ , ~ ,,I,: .,,, ?,+ :,.. -".. .. . ..---:,.. ,!..".'.' ..:::-. . ........ .. groiincl, <i,?1 ... i , :;: ; ......... ,. :...; . . . . . . . . . . . ,,,, . . : . : , l ~ , : ; : ~ ~ 7 : ~ ~ ; ~ , -, ,,... .... ,.;;f;::~, ?..er ,<- ,:v,y>.:..,,< > .% .-";r.2,,. :,.:!...l;rl'l;i(;i(

. . . . . . - . . - . . _ . , ...-. ... .,:; ,,y . . . . \ ;,.,,. .:.:if: .: ; '.:: . . ,.;:: . : : Tb&,excjtement . . . . , . ,'cllld;;~diss 'nsiori: in Persia QVQF the:. Ba6 (fori. ::. ,: : . . .

T-L. , ;,> ,g+$5i;"%:5jtl~F,:el!:: ~lci$id ~ r i ~ w ~ . . b e c o ~ ~ , to ; lii<hllo~~&i:'l .. ( : I . . ~ i s : . . ~ u ~ i i $ + d : ? ? .... , , . .~-. .:: l i j , .~p .+.r.!*2it& , . . . . . . ~Hol?nesq;l;'t]~~.. .~o~&~" , s . :. .;. :itwill:bg '.most, con ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ b ~ t o $ ~ d o u t i u & , . ~ ~ ~ ; : ~ 4 ; ? ~ 1.6, . . . . . . . . , . , . . _ . , 6 C , .., . . , ,:::, 2 . : .; ::: ;":' . . . ~ 4 1 : 4i~:+by..th~:naine:.by;.w1~ieh-: he;, 118s rlv.iiabeeri. lcno~~:i l l : tl@.;:-:"'~;k;S!$i$:

. . I . . ,c 2-, , ..'.A',..

~01.ld at largo) wore of oourse how 'greater. tisp:..e,~er...-. $Jof .tong,%: ~~~~~!?? . f . ;?~ - : L. .<:I' ..:;.:&

after tlis..t!ie, CrQwn Princi happeiled to visiiTabriz and <~p/ded;;i~i::;< - ::?:i .> " ' .' ..... ........ ... , ,; ., . . . . . . . :,,:, <. ;.y;.i ;.;!;;,;;'$ :::,: .; i?.

. . . . . I . .. . -. '. , . to i n ~ e s t i ~ a ~ ~ + n a l l ~ , t ~ ~ ~ :of the new prophet whom so

' . ,..._.... :..;, :; . , . - : mnny. revered a$j:tl16 ' ~ b n ~ - e ~ p e c ~ i , ~ a h d i . The Rab .conducted :- - . . . : . , . .::<;!.

. . '.I . . . .;hlrnself ;~yith;~i$~sqd~~ao<rag&iii~EePesti@&:~ hi4:jclaim . . . . . . to be thg.~,.i:~<+$$j ..... . . . . . . 5, .,&,,. .-. . ,,; . ,\, , ,%L" : : : ' ?ii . . s ~ : ~ : ~ ~ s p l l ~ e & gh;Li$el O;.f!{,C&d!g*;&i> &..e~t[tgpited . . . G';hii ~ i ~ a ~ - ~ ~ u s : - . ! ~ ~ ~ z : , 3 4 < .. ... ._., . :,. ' .' ." q . i.' .. .:. . ;i ,:..gift.;of; vorsific;~t~~)s:;;.~The{Muhsmm~'& clirgf~contendrd.tliat .,:&.::!.ii_ . , .. ..,". ,. . . ' . . lls.dould hot : ~ , e y t h < ~ ~ p e a & c ~ ' . ~ a ~ d i there no mys- . ,:...L;::

. ..> .:,,-;:* ... ,. . : t;. tefy ,shout either . . . . h;a":bil:th.:dp parenti&,j,:and they indulged .in . s.: 7 T !

.:.,.,i: . .... .,* . . . . . . A&. :. .: + . . . .!, ....4*,moc$ .= ,-., :..- he"d,ab!!9,g;~$iT~,~p~E.;,~~ncg . . " $nd:'hj9 . . . ~offi~~g~~.~dger~~~~~~.:;fi~~:-+! ......... . .!.. -(. u'r,c.' .. .: - ., .. :. , .L ' .. ,.' "'&bcked?,tli$; EiiPheb bj.~&ki&j,~,:bi&;i. 6 &ultitude .. of . ibperl.: ,,.+ir.; .- <::: ....... . . . . . . . . . . *. -- . .- .! , .. : . . :, -;l. t i n h i m d ~ . r i i l i c u l ~ ~ s queotiong, 'and at;:length tlie.sentenco to. . :y:{L:z

' # . :, - ::.the .. punishment of the liastiudti, deteikiied upon in advanhe, was.' zj

: . ordered. .:. ' . ' _ !..-... . . . - Sooil after thin, the Sh;rl~, 3luhnnln1:1tl, 1):issctl :~w:cy, 'j111l1

.

. present ruler of l'ersia, ~ ~ i r - ~ ' d - ~ i n , ascended the tl,rouc. SIICII *'. . ..,.;'"' . . . . . . . . . . . '. y c ; -;.,. :. , . . i s - _........ ' ..... -. is ~habso$~f~a$oasty,19~t1;e:.~.~+f$ P~@ij~;g~9ePn~ennt is -8bpurely . . . . . . . . . . . . . < " : :% . . ,.. . ,.. '.'rpc$so&d2,bit ,.>.. . a;b&tit<tiobfik &jtt&,! &i.e:.alway& periods of ullrest ?.+';<!;,?:; ,::; . . . . . . ... .... . .". ., "..' ,,.. , -;": , ,: {,. . . . . . - -:,:;gnd~turbulence:. :The tihtig&iam ,ljetwe6i;:the .Babig and. tlie .regu-.y?;:T., . .:-, . .!.& .:.. r

'-' lar clergy grew sharper and sharper.", ~ i o u t this time, or n l i~ t le ' , .'-,

:. :.: , -,',,;epdier,, thero occul~ed a t Badyh t icodference- in which there was : I ;b;:.2:C . I - - i.) .; .... i....%2 - , . : d ' p e d t deal:of 'wild talk-'&e I:ep&:df w&ll in&e&dd.the.popu-: - .::; ,.:,:;

. - ._..... ,c ~lar,1)r6judice:,:againgt, tllei)3abis.;; ~ l l , ; i l i e Ioutward forms of re l i - : .~[ : . - , ,~~~~ . :. - . . .... ....., '.,'.> . e....... . . . . . . . . . .::;'-?$& pryer'~f&tipk~:p~lg~~@a~~,.and.~?1~~~~~~FQ-.'e~P18ine~~~~&~:~:~$~:,~-;~~~! . . . .-,< .... -.. ....,. " S i . . . . . . . . " . . . . -. . - . .

;:, y.r:. ~ < . . g . : ~ i ~ l l e g o ~ i e ~ ; ~ ~ d - e ~ ~ ~ ~ i o : . : ~ ~ ~ s , w ~ 6 ~~b~titut~d,.;~~:~ll-men's; . ,, :i3?:,,i'>3 . . . . .' .-<. I.::;?

.' . . . ..-".-, - . ":':.goods ,<.,. . wera declar6d to bei the. :pidpert j l -~~f~~th. point, the head of . ; ., :,:: . . . . . . . t . .. . . .- . 1 :. . . , - .- '..%the: @abi:,chufcb3; . polyg$,i,j~.&~~~tl;~ . . . . . 'i++btious . i n woman's 2 :;.:I;;;:. j;.; . . . . . . . p.., . . , _ ..- ..,. ,*:A,,.:

. :-?:<~~c$~it;esf.<r~scrib8(r:i$~~~& &Pan-.ker<.:6rt;tacl;e&r ('.The r&ligio$j;:i,;3i.:,;%s ;:. ,: . - - :.> .s . . . . -*,. '(>. .. . . . ..:;*.:;.< ..

5 0 0 1 tlia' ~~d~:'(i;-e.:'thh.~oint)l is t o h b ~ ~ ~ ~ e ' ~ l 1 p r ~ v i o u s religions.,,.:, .; :.; . ! ? ., , . . . . . . ... . . . ....

: .-' .:,and laws." 1 , ~ p d & < th&i%io of c!!. hiti . . . . . .who' i i ; to arise of the farn:;: .i,,:: i . 3". . . . . . . ..:, :. ...... ,,:.,-' ....... ,: ;,,.2.:.:!--..:i ...- ?- ~~f ~ $ h ~ ~ p $ d m , , ,::, ~~~~~ill~:~o;-~o~~t~~~~bai;i.~rs,~,~,invoke,blessin~s~.~.~.~~~-"~'~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,>.,.... . ", ... -%' ..... 'C..,. ........ .:- ....7-+ <. - .,a< .& ;4:

7 . . . * - I . nnd talre whatever they plcaso' f r o ~ t t h e shops. All g d s al-cb tllc

.m . . . . :. goods of tlie Point ';.:a.lI:mBn- are:"hiel-&&ants, ant1 ;ill wolnen nre -..,,< : his I~nndmaidens, whom lie givctll to wliornsoevc~. 111: 1)11:;1sotl1 ilod . .

, . . . -: .I:-+?.~taketh+,from. .I.r;.., . ybogso6ver ;hfj:,p!qseth:~'~; The Kibla (or place to ..: .,; . . :.:1 . .. . . . . . . . .. . .=". :.:* q. ..,-. . . A , ..'. . ,: , , j;! : ;. ; ~ Y . ; ~ ~ s . ~ ~ j e ~ v j O ~ ~ : ~ t ~ ~ O ~ - i i f .:Pf;~ye~):/$/-:~!l:i ... ......... $ro~pd:. u$:-I,M~~c& ~@&y&i<~~c,!-:,. .I...... ....... , ,,,. ..-. ' . _. r %. j:,- . i : i . ~ i ~ l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ w ~ s ~ t ~ r n i n g , t ~ ~ ~ r ~ s , &feci~(to:r'ecita. > , . ?.-.. >.-;. 'hibpr&yors, !t Con:: .) . Con:: .-r - , " " ;:,. .... ;:. .,1C .*'Is* . * . . . . . .. - ,.,, &;..:>,,~$:< ! .:.-,;;:.%.ri;; eol?ti&, of.,@jed _. .:. . . . . _ . !?j ladi . him; Ldeol-to . . , hek i::i(f;I,:{ii~ tlis~&ib!.?~ . . . . ...-..,. ;.:>$..:.?:$$;,.<$ .., .- - . *... - 4 . .

~3;~;.:r~~Tl~cse'e~ratio ,.. doctrigeiisSecn, not ~ o ~ l ~ ~ v o r c ~ a i d e d ~ ~ r e spec^^^^^^:^^& . :,; CL. .. ;, .-. . . . - ..q,:.;. !L- : .,.. .... . ,+--i~:.,..,:. ,,, ,dJqtiods~;~mglrfxOf +, .. , . , . ;$be Dabis, lji& . . . . _ ~ ' ~ u t : t h e m * . i n .-. I .. . prncti~~;:The)r;.;~~~~~:;,j~j %- c;. . . . r.-~;:::7,.:nf~~sed~ :y. .7.ib 4 ...... t o p y : . . . , taxi5 , . , . . ib thr&yei,nuiellt;:. ; ; ~ & e ha&% heiiibf' tli~$.:;,qj;;~ , , ... .,, ,;. ... : .. :. ' . . . . . . . . . . ::7>.~L?tPhh@li~:,+9k. i$:oi$.hinii ~ , , d l v o ~ o e ; ; p & ~ ~ , d n J . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5~rneh,.:;.:~cl&&iti~ f :::: !;.:*e,+c+,:%?e . -.!2f ;:,: : . . ,.: , Q ~ i . ' . : :.::;\:;:; & , 1' f thei;:.:"c+f:;:'.>~".. ,, . . example, ~ - - i ac i .~< idd& a$d.'!!;.CQii&lhti6n"of Cy

!:..::;>; old. irrarriage hodds'and giving ,&em to.each other. Fanatic'dis; -;g;;J . . " -, . '

. . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . :. 3, ' . . . - . . . . - 7 , . .: : .?.,':.,:< ,-; . -. . . . . : L. I,.

. . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . .... . . . -- ---- . . . . ...... -. * - . . , - d v - ,

. . . 3.y- a.q%-plSr(:q . , 3 ? !.,,.+!.?,by* - . ..: .: ': . <'

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,; ,z;:.-, d .. :;- (:>.:;%..i.: &

. . . . . . . . ... . , . . . . . . . . $(.,.*. . _ . . . . ,! L..,; :,,>. -q :?,;;L . . . . . . .

. . - . L . -. . :. . : < ...... ; .... . . . : . . ..:. . . . ..... . . . . . . . . r . .$ ,.. ., 2,: 2 . .;. ,,::, ;.;1 7,; :; <:,. :;:, .+&i;:/;j;f:"-'.-3.a, .$ ..... . . , . , . ...A . . : a : ;":r .,.!,.. ....... ,. :i;$.:',&; ::+, . , . 4 3 , ,.,.> fi&;:5$;v:

734 . klim ':md (h i , ~ a & : ".. , [D&&~&~,~+"~,ir* . . . . . .. . . . 9' ; ,;'>...:--.-, -

. . .. .- ....... .-., <>p$i ciples, a t , a hint front any high .dignitary<of the-new'faith;' t h ~ e . . . ' ~ ' ~ . . $ ~ , ; ~ ~ ~ ~ . ~ .

.7 +,.; g certain ;pp~socutors o f . ths. yourig,. qllurch would .ke better ~ f i . i ~ , . ~ < ~ ~ ~ ; ~ ' $ ; : . ,+. , : . outbf.,: t4e. + n y ; ~ , v ~ e r t b ~ ; t ~ . ~ e ~ 9 ~ ~ -, theIp" ;.. &ii p... t4:tli:cc .. - -,: il,nw6er. 0 . :. ; ,.:. ;,iG::; . ,.,3..:. ii$<8i5~a ?+., .. 1.: ,'- I;;=v&,. iili&, fath~in-lm*..<bf ~ t h & , ; : i j f q ~ l ~ t e ~ ~ ; ; ~ ~ , , ~ o u ~ ~ l n ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ $ . . . . . . . . .

E~&," lip 1~~dLtak~~..u$~'~&;~:rnost' uncomproqising.,-~tt~tv~~ &$jj~~+t~?~,~;:;f , ---Fj?e ,.. ,. .7d. % ' ~'crsecutbi of , tlG :nem,'sect, was . ass~6i~ate~-..~y":one~df'-th~~~~bi~~'-'-..~:~~:~~:~'"..o *-:,.!--, ;.$$> ;i

Noim of the Icadeii! of t h e Babis . could b e p;oved to . l a k bob&.:;..;,:;*$;-: .:; r ; :. L cdnctjrnid :: ihj: th<'qdrcJa~;;bpttt $he;1!;;1i'&4ur~1ly:; h$$ f G; :. -+,.<.;, <.i.,ih,

........ . . ," ::,:, ,.+*<. :pI-;~:"J ... . . . . . . . Lrun t j f it'f,. Seve'ral. were.executed&nd . . 'Idany.moke banished::" : ,,tj++9gp:i

. . . :The,,oontrove+ie~,and ontagoniim L&"een' t i e ~~&r&$&Of:~ t ! , a :~~ ; , , a<~i$ i -~ i ,.*-i. 3::+ .;!

old faith and tho new' grew daily m'iro-: bitter.: 1s- ~ o i & d a ~ a f i ; , ~ , wllere the Bnbi religion spread rapidly, the two parties:apm@~;~$,~~~&+i$i~~~f~ I . .?.: ~ l r u Aiullal~ Huseyil was oltc!ring Barfurus11 at the 11cad ,of several,, h1ind~e4~,folIowc~s,. an attack was m a d e . , u p ~ n ; ~ ~ . ~ ~ , ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ,:,:;,i .,.:,...: ,-y.>..*:

..... thomy ivhich the . . . . . . . :Bibis '"i.bro&sly ieiist;&. -':.A ~trud~:li3;i$~.beeai: : .:.:&?!. 33; ..... . . . . . . . - . . - . . . . .:p%,,!+,..<?fi>; . .

madide,,tbti Bibis. miiilied.'r$y.,, . . . . . . But. . . . . s~onaf ter , : te in~-~t t f$~~~:-~; i . : r;g$%;i; by ~e&in;;~b~n~s;~o~j~ar~med~~:~e~:: .Whg:so~g)$:~to;:pl$~dey.P tI$~~i:~~~.?:%;ic.%;. , .:?y7w.z~:,,:;...' - i and who partly. succeeded, in': stril;piiig tllcln o f th@i<.bigga@,;:.:r ;<:)T:-*~~:!:

, ?:< ; 7 .. : ..;:j-$;u

t h e R~b i s . . k~ t i~ed~ ' to : ; a ~e,cludid :~ii~t, 'surrounded by ~ ~ d ~ . , l ? i $ ~ . . ~ ~ ~ < $ ~ , : ; ~ ; : ; ~ . . .- -. - swamps,and ercct&l:s: firtificatiti,~.. balled tho ~istle"of:. ~ l&j l rh : . . . :~1~4;.:~;i,.;~;~5~;;~ :...- .... .,r.i..-.

'l'abarsi., Tl~oy:pwbcrcd,'at first only 'thrco hnudrcd ;: .blit:. thby ;'..;!; :,;:,;. :I:.?:' .......:. .,.:.!. ..;: g,: .. -,$> . - , . .-, sooii ,i~~r~$~~d.~b~~,~dci~~its,:f~bm..yi~rio~~s .h!larters to. . . 9eien:.ijg:eiglit:!" . . . . -..- $3 . . ji:

. , , . . ,. , x:z-. .,;p :>f.;;::;<:;%.! :. . hC&lred,:-&oit'of.: t&6& ::hdnr~ver,::me~':~uito . ,- ... . u n u ~ e d \ t q ~ r ~ ~ , , + - . - . ~ t ~ > ; ; , ~ ~ ~ Le .them....: ,;..T~+.p.-:*:.c.

a n d werfare.':.Tbe'gbk&rhtnei~t, jp&red aforce t i dislod, . ,,~.~~:;~;<,:;~:~;. .'I !:,:-4 .-.. .... . , .: BCt i-: q-,,b91cl,.nigb't atticlt' tbd 13abist leiidei, Mllll'ali I-hsegii',%ir: -1 s;:. : s:~,:.;;;~

.:;I,,: 5.: ....... prised.ind 6 t c d them. ..T!~e;gov,br;or of , t l i e~ :p r~v i~ ibcn l l&~d .;;;:;f;:.p:i; a.stilllar'ger .f01-&0, but- only . . . . . t o suffer, ignominio;s ddfeit. ( - .I?oiii:;r: , . : .<.. il.:;-:;;sz% ..... .- ....x 5.

timcs in nu, :tho besieging. ..ar~n~,::cach.:: time . largef .in:'ni~mb&;.'.l..' . . . . . . . . . . . . ;-I;':-:::: . - i ' ' . . , I . ,! . :. ,,.:'' ;. ;;. . thaa ~ t s pre&cgss?r, ,.ndya@cd:: . . . . . . to'.,:,dig!l~~c' _ .. thi g?ll&t*ksfris+, 7 X$!,L?fi?Z, b.>.d. .,-. :.

t "L, ..;:,: (i;: iuld lour. t i ~ ? s , - l y thi: no i t :mtrepid sorties, tho Babis dii&rscd.::".-:. .... ... :.&, . .,;; ... :.+ -:. and routed i.h6 enelhi, : Ip th6 last sortie, however, - the ie io l~k@;F: :~ i : :+~;~~~~ iultl s:~gacious Bnbi commander, Iluseyn, called the "Gate of tho..&,, :,-,.,-.

'

<,, ,.,!,, .: *. ,. ;.' L. .* . . . Gate," the f i r i tof . tllg apostles, ivns wihnded, and he iocn a&&*..: ::;; . ::,. ,;i,

...:.. . . . . . . . . .The ;:. n o i b l t $ ~ ~ i , ITnzr~bi-IC~tld~i?, wlio sdicecded, ilaclccd tb .;- .r

. . . .'.. -. .6id.,'..i.- ..,,- . . fallen general'g gheoge a d syabity, iGd tllbCga&is6ii rvas . .BOO~;;~::~~~~~~~;;$ . . . . . . . sad?,- '. .. .,.p&". Q.?:J".;; ...... licl~lkssl j ~Iiut.,;~in by thcii, besiegeri. :;:Bit tlley: held 6vt'hef$;r ~,.!:C.~I,.;,;.,

..-I.' - . . icslly, ltilling tllhir. horses and subsisting first. on. horse-flesh :!i, :;:$i

. . ,,........ . . naxt 011 grhss, .... .lcavcs and, tho- lnhtlier ! . of tho.sarldles,' till, a t t;h6-.'='.':/; , -? ..:.z:.f. .;.::Si "r ;-.

':;*"'. y... end'of hind'monthu,; . . . .tjle:bbsiegers ofyered to givo tltelura. siaf6' con- ,;4:..-+?w:r;l: .....,:.;.+..+;,, :.kr duct t$ ddparb ,. n :fI.i&. .>- . ~thg:;@i.ovi~cg:.if.+ tl!ii woulJ- 1 & ~ 6 t1,e cnsi;le.:,:t: ;:i&.:;,;i'~!'

...... ,, *.v,.; .,.J \:;:,jT But hardly had 'the b;iale.'defea&$ b&G'iuv&igled i*tG,: 1cav@g!~.2~~k;~~,; . , -;;

c ;j:i>?,;..g" tlleir intrenchman . ts. ned s laying d o t n their anns. than . the.Babis;,,, : ._ . L *., ,:

. . . . . /. ..! , ;, .- ,.-,, ;:i,.; ...\L;: ;:?.:-f*:, . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . ., . . . , . i . : . . : r . - - . - I

1 , . .

. - . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . 1 . . . . . . . . :./. . . . +:.* ,&..... .,.,. . . . . . ..:. . .- ...< C -.. I I :: ' , . . - .

: ,.&ti&, .&d thg~&bi - -. *, . Y ~ ' ~ . ' '.;. . , ,, ,, ?;,

, . . .

were treacherously au~ounded- ' ad 'shot down, only a fern of the ' .. leaders', being re's'erved -for a miice lin6giing and .painful death ,':. , ,: - -

..:.... .... .iii;. &tltl,d:lia"~ls,;of~h<~i~bi;emi~~y .... TL& $di&:+'lmlkmi. :gratified"'hie . ,: . G.. . ...: :., , ,., . !Y. 8 . . -. .... . . .: . ..... .':;r +' ; a; , ...* . ,,.I. -,, ,;..-fi- , , i - t % .. ..-. F.: :#' . , .,.:-: .,.. L..: v

: . , ; ~ l l a o ~ ~ . . r a s . M ~ r s t y + $ l i ~ n g , ~ q ~ d i ~ e d ! " ~ @ ~ $ : $ i t ~ .*:.-,- ........ I .,.,.?,:,,- - ' A ~ ~ S ; ~ ~ V U I ~ ~ I L : ~ ~ : . ~ ~ : , . . ....... ..- . . . .a. . , ..< :.- '- :::" ._ - , -:.: 1iind;:the leade3off . . . . . . . thd~~obstibate.&%~itic~~ . . . . . . . > . . , . s:f . ..i ,.-. :

. . . . . . . .:;i;;: ,., lese harSlx &c~s"~&s;,f& "fi0&-.~ilencing th&~ab&i'.on@ i$ " . :,,: !-- . . .. ,.

fl~ined..their' peal."'' "In.'~&e~an,:tlle .capital' itself; - a rising was '; ,

. . . - ..: : ac t id ly plelitated Pythe.$ :. 'The prpj-Fqt:wa~;,~)o~9ver, betrayeyed ?:.. , .., . . . ,. .-.,, ,..: . , . .; *:. .. .: .

. :: . . :. . Gofore. tb&l;d&;;;i&!]@< tlie';.csnspihtdrb: t,ji ;ci;iki: tb&i. bkw; n&,-i:,7 ?:<* . . . . . . . . . . ! . . . . . . _ . . . - . . . . , ..

'. t~li~ty:s&en,wer8~il;rb~~d:~:~~ll!tho~&h~~~~1l1dd~~reno&e their . . . . . -..

- . .faith wkr~.o&~rid'pkidon. But &i&~ffaithftil..dn& ditcrmin.ed to ' - .; -; . . .

' dii rather tl;an fail in loyalt$.to their LGd. A11 of them faced " : clc:t t l~ :lilt1 trli-ture with a stc:arlfastness that profoontlly i~~~l)rc\sscrl the public, tvl ir , cluwtlcd tiit: Royal Stlu:ire to \vitncss tl~c~ii. c.st!c.r:

.. , ;.:: . :i _ . . ; . . . . -... . . . . . . .:.:. t i ~ ~ " . ' - ~ h < n : ' r t : r i h ~ ~ e r ~ h a ~ L : . ' ::- . ...%.,.. a,, bug6t':tQ:+&<&~$&e, . . . . . . .. .:. . . . . . . . . . . Bnbl$ uncle, ,?,.. . . . . . * , ..... , . ; ,:, ,.~;'~;?~+li~j.., 1c -Mf ..:&ie 'desji;4:iz,~artyi;dd&'ar!d tsd :,.htt+in,i,e., t!'bf ' i::. .:.?;'$ ; > . . . . . ,..:.. ,- . . 4.. ..-':::; ... .... ... . * . , : ,, :-- ':t~i~~~]l~ppinc~~~~i:-!~~fz$;~$~~j&~]i~$:']~st"jwdrh~:'~&r&j . - ,.-.- f L Know;:. , ::-- $22

a. 1'..>. ..-..,. " 'that tllis ma,l (tl;'&"~&)'-ii' 116;,Gho jsi.l&'.ai.ise'.&f.*.&e filJillilj'bf - -.--::.;(:::

; Muhnmmad and.. we: are hie servants.:. '.,Wefb'e-.I ., . possessed of a . , ...... . . tllo"&&..lives ~; '$&~~"$bcrjfice t]kln ill:: for Ilik.''. -'As :o& :aftei. :.-;&:2!, . . . . . . . . . C:

! ' .,- anotlihr 6E~tllair,comkiides ..~k.:b&liiado?.'$bfd;'~ their eyes, not . ,:: j::,., .: . . . . . 9.

. . : : ... : -'.:;; one ~ o f . . . t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ e n ' ~ ~ a ~ c $ ~ d ~ ~ j . i ~ ~ r ~ ~ ~ ] ] i i ~ ~ ~ - ' ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ , :'! Tko blood . of. : . . . . . jI::7.:G:: T'., .;:f'-::-;j;:- ,&; & . : ...:.. .;,, --:;' ., . . . . . . r::' . . . . . . ,< . .

r . : I.-: 2 . . . . . . ... , . _ . . . nrtyrs-!s.tli@ A.i .:.:. s&@d::df th'~?~~~~~~~~ldailj:~8;;l~~itdtruth~~~Irno~~ii~.': . . . . . . . I.: .A:;: :.,:.. ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -.

, . i n ~~,&'iidhesib~:of;:~r$V~~~~ennn~lid~ip";i'~~ &k&n:i* :iJjel~&th,' tlio-;:~;.fc77xF ,: . . . ..': . . * . - . . . . ;- "?2.;a~oiith;?,t1,e'e ;: East afid, t h ~ , ~ e @ t ~ ~ ~ ~ t11&~@e5tji$"~Phe who coll]d , ,;. : :;,;.; .....

_i..:- 7 - : .. ....,. ... . .

, -. . ,z.f,.iri$il;e: iri',llis ,~followel:s:.~I;~~,,:fo<tit~d'&,.~,~.~~o~-'~~~~ 'could. lid. lia . ?<'.:. '.,, ' . . ...>.. . , - . . .. :.: - . - . ... , :'.' . '-. but':t&: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f . ~ ~ h ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ of: Divinity, -., , :>". ,;-;:

. . ) ,. .-..< . . . ,b

.' '. . ';:::.; the l cu l~ ina t io$ ,~ f :shCL'&d '&v&&on ..<~j.'.~."+(-; . ' . . . . . . . . . ...... ; :>.,, ' y : .,;, X' :. . .i..... . :: . . , . , ' n.. % n j ~ $ ~ ~ ~ ~ : < ~ $ ~ ~ , ~ t l ~ @ : l l & & ( i ' ; ~ f ...... ~ ~ ~ 1 1 ~ 1 ; : ~ , ~ ~ 1 1 ~ ~ ~ k d Ali, called . 'i:: ,;;;= :;, .--:-..:.,- . . -'. .'>

t l le" .~r&,~ ,of &g6,,h;f#b&&;f o;bidde&~; $,.each 'thi doel , ::'::c;; .-r. .' . . . . .*?.. . . ' trines of Bsbisn~ Jn ; : t ~ 6 : . . ~ o s ~ l i e , ~ s e ~ e ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ t h b u s a n d 13itbi9 rose i i ~ . ,. .-

arms, and for a wllilc held out herbic'allj;:6gninit the nvar\vlrclnl- ,,::..;,;, :.. , -: ... .. , 2-7 . : ing.bodiesaof 'troops:bron~lit~h~ri~st~them~~:.::In. . . . . . . ... .. .-:-...;.: . . . . . Niriz, t l ~c Scyyid :,.. ,.: . ..::.y ,'? . I.s.. ,.. . , , . . , . , . ,.i_-dI:. ..,.*.. ~ $ : ~ ~ a ~ ~ b ; a ~ ~ l ~ ~ i : i i e q . : ' t l i ~ i n k ; : - ~ v a ' ~ ~ forbidden ti, tcrrdli:'.', .ie :!;:!, .<-; * - . :;. . ,.).L,. ,' " , .. .... . .,,-:.ig;jr:.. . : ;, f0]10w& defindi~l: bnd?: llbstilit~cs .ib~ok!o!~f:.'"~n .both b&&. : -::-:. . ,: ..... ..;; ;? ..-... . . . ..:<., -1 . ::,: .-:it!li i,gtbii, M& j ~ " $ ~ t ~ & t i ~ l l y ' $ tll$j' iais / ~ ~ : ~ e ~ ~ d l ; i < ~ a r i ] i ~ e & . . . . that:;'!*;.:i+-G:i, . . . . yi?-j,*.;.:<&,: . . . . . . . . . . . . . i ' . . . . . . . 'b:'!i!$;r.,, .. '.- .P:. r.::'. drobb tlle'Babis .to; desperqtjo" ~; '~~groic i , r~s i s t~n&~6f:~a . . f~m'~ tho"--.-?>., ;.F: ..... ...

. . ~ ... 2 -- ..*: , ' ' . . . . . . :, ..

: - , r ; : : sands against o v & ~ ~ l ~ o l ' & h ~ rnilihr$fof~es:~; Tl+d;ii'tlie heretich , !.:?,,:.: ... ...:. . . . . ., , :,;, ;;>; :ci , * .

... : . . ..,,,,- fdiled ts yiel(l,.tci . . . . . . . . . . (@rce$i: . . . pr&rtly . . 'ai.~~lesi~c~l,.:-~off~la .... of .nrnn~stj--~~;~~~~ :;; .n......'...<. .;. :: -. . * , . $ . <..?. ..' . ->:; !x7 :.,.or: hon&~blo. &$itbl$!ion i yero .,+ade8.:: yit$jg@ven'nn ta;ind r'bws :+L;i;;;:;; . . . . . . . ... ',. .'... '.' . . . . . . . . s . -/, . . .; . ,.. . " . .* ..,2 , "-*.-..,.

... * ~ ~ - ~ : r ~ ~ i s t ~ ~ e d . . o ~ ; ~ ~ ~ . . . . . . ~(;iran;]:b"t:;;<$-:$o~~ : as~keabhi?'ry-succezdcd in;': . - ;;i:.'?':. .r.. .- - _ _ .

'getting tho i-&el$idto the: hahds . o£. tlie ; govetnrncrit, thcsa were :;:...; . . : 2 . - . ' :I., r ' .. . . . . . . . . . . _ ::' . . : . . . . . .- ; . r u . ' . ' : . . . ... . . ' ,, j. .: ..,:, . . - . -7.: : ' . , . U - . , , ; : . . . . . . . . ,,. . '- -. _, . , .., . ~ . . ,

. . ,;:,:.y4;:3y5 . . . . . . w . : .a,- , . . .

. . . ,.: . *..,. ,.-,%;- 8 8 # . . ? .,.- ...: , .... ; , ; ! . ? ;? . . , . . . , . , .

. . . ,..*.... Lit;.. . . s . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . :**a ................. : . . . . , A , .,,; ;, :,: !. :$>..< ,.. - ,;::,< ;;.. ,;F;;!i ' ?4'<:~;%J?+5=~ . . . . . , , - . .i:- .s, r 2 2 u .a: ,akT:&

" . . . - 736 &&;em: and. t&- Baa;.. : , [ ~ b & , b ~ $ i & ~ ' ~ ~ ~ . . . . . . . < ; .$ :, :.<~'y$;s yccklesrly repudiated and the too bystful were p i t a : . . . . . . t&7;("+kcT,

.;L'pE .u -, *

, sword or .handed q ~ c r .ts . thq-.grtbodox doctors;:$o be-tortlii.ed; C$:z:!:?>$$! ., 4 ,': -.:: .. $rh$5:Gg; . . . . :"dent/!::: . . . . . . .,.+.. ........ -- ~ ~ i ; . l ~ 0 G 4 n ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ : ~ h i l ~ ~ e n : . ,..: . .. wgr8; ..(~. .... ~ 9 . ~ ; . i < ~ g l a v r J . y ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ E ~ ; ~ ~ ~ ; . . a,.*. ;.. .>-. . . . . .

. . . . . . . - . . . . ;.k, aise$nnd .. '..!I pr~per ty~o£i t l~$ '$~bn . . . . . - . . gi,y.qn. d~~td~b~~ei~~~~~.i;~~.~$~~~;~:;~~ . . . . .~-~,-.r,:..a.+ ;:,,;Still, :. the ~~accumed~..bc~esy &is&+ n n d : ~ p r e i d ; : . ~ n ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ $ $ i f l : > :

. . . cietly Where $could hot pvlrlicly,:_.~he ~ r & e M i ~ i s t ~ ~ . t ~ ~ ~ ~ r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . L ~ ~ p.!?

..,. .:f;,*!.?: decided by dne, trcpcbant,; e t rok~ t o put. an *end to, :tho 'pnno~i<~::.,,,3:,::..~ . ,' -,. r . , . . . . . . ~ a t t ~ j l H a y > ~ l d l ! ~ e ,thej-Ba@ ...----: ., . :.. lijmgelf,,@ut .to:ldcitb - , , --, , . ,- a~ ,d ;~$~~ '~ ' ' ' ' ~ ' . ..,.,,(;. ;-..&2$i.;2$ ... .. : . te~mi-ndter tho.,cr&'&. ':;,JVhb$.' . . . Ii6:+&d:-becr, -hiing. $* lhf~i .~ . , ,$ ,+$;:~~.~ ' _ . . . ....,- ,-

; :. '". ..,.,: . . . . . . . . . fi.c;dnnd ejeg ' peblio,iq?. sliot, aqd hib-crhps@ . :erhi~tcd,*:;;;:b$' -, -%>. :!,:Y,,

nobody: FvGuld. any,. lopgcr fancy: h im the ~ I ~ a ~ - ~ g h d i . : ~ , ~ T ~ ~ 4 f ~ . z ~ ? ~ ~ ~ ~ ! -L.';<.J .? - Bnb, wit11 four companions, Gas taken from the prison w h f $ 0 . h ~ ; + ~ ; ~ ; ; ~

!!.!#I 1)11e11 quietly living for a long tilllo. nil11 brought to TaLrix. '*" l lere 11c wqs ipcqqti~:cntly tried a1111 bentcncell by the. ecclesiasti;

< -. . , . ,':<. - .. : : .. ,;,.;7i.**v,yG . . . . . ... . _ . 5\ : ~ ~ l ~ ~ i ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ t i e ~ ~ a ~ : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ t ~ t ~ , . j . ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ b ; : ~ a d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ s i ~ ~ ~ i ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

t ~ b i . ..... - . c l n i m i ; t b $ ~ ; t @ . ~ a i ~ r : :..... . . . . . . ..... gr&i$' I&e?l+f f&f~whoQ.t~yel~$~;:f.~{j.~>~~ . ,, ,i:*%!.:.;,..+ :.,

!+ - . .': :. . . . . . . . . . &Gjuri.c$ ,. K8d.i': .... , N..:y2---.+.~..., loolizd T~.:,: 2 r. Bq4t:th9:spighJ'. : bgf .or~ . 'h i s~&$4C~~~R'~;~&s:~ . , . -: , .-, ..- . . ,;?: ::FKitt ..... ' .... .: i. .............. &i&>G2,t tried to- prevnil, u p ~ i i one ' oE ' his' disciples to slay him; 8s -~t:~~~!)~;~;;,;::>~:i:,; . . ,.,. -:.: 0' '. ".

, . - , be . . . . . . . .better fsr-him:.tq . . . . . di6 by . the,liasds of his:frkdd@tbag :~YY,~hbp.9~;~,$:;;j$~~; of. his :&nel&ies.. ,~Mii;l;~'M~l~~&~a~.:.~li.~f.Tab~~.~s~<i~ad~'t~;f~,:,::~~~~~~

.. ?: *, 2 . ,.....' do . tliis; . but . . . . . . . thytwo -. btliei;disciples preveut$.it;l .,*. 1Tl~~thg:?ab.~I:;9,~.i::..j:'?~:. . .

. . . + ...,,.- i. .:..I1 . . .. , ' .,. p. .>c :y+ p~~v?il?$ +lli$ ief?etprx~)-,J~reeiz.nt,;.in: ,order, it is. Jil,;t$: sw? o.,:~;;.%~=..-~~

. , , ., .. . t ~ ~ s f c ~ ~ a ~ ~ ; ~ ~ ~ o p ~ l a ~ i c a t i d q ~ ~ ~ t o ~ ~ t ~ iBIbip ~6f:.thkj~:&9$d~$:li~tttfi~4~i'f ..... : . . ,...,; ,-,. :;..,ri. E;: 4

. . ~vordb and- &s&u&tianG.. 13ut iif ter "tllk Brqli's &iec'ytiob,; thlprk.:? Z,.I';.<::~; . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . cantatiolir . . . . . . . . . . 64 - fJ1~cj th< ~ec~ctqi;:. witlliiirerr!orsI)j: tilqt::i*::t~,~:i~<$$ t '-:::$'%i<;. ,:. - s ; i , : c . . , . t i r u a ~ f ~ , > ~ i ~ l , I& p'vulaimed ilk kitll,ai!d d iGd pt~qdf$st.l~:$~tp;;;;;!:;~~~+$~ . . . . .,.

Two .of :, tlig j~ab's;comp4nions~;.,secp)~~,t~ .~ l~ave~~~vai lc&. tbemklve~. .: : .:*Y .*,:-::".:?:: -: :;E::.'

of. offers:df . _ . . . "aecrit:,filense.; ::Il\liga. hluhammad:dl\~rcwained..~~i.';.ji:;-i!:.: . . . . . . . . L I . . < - . - . . . . . . . !. baf : . .. oicnUy ,...., .... by. .<.,; his ,,.. . . . m~tei,i.':~Tl~~ ... ... ;Qabiyas : p~r4a6~:,;4bo"t':ti1$::t~i~n "-.,,. . ...-?. ;.;::;.':~:?< :... . . . .

oa in ass, recciviug,+ maqy indignities, and theh' brouglit. t?; tlibli: ..... _.:Sg%$j - . ~ a r & c l r Sq~ar&.i. - . ,. Th.oi.6 bc and-his faithful dornpanio@&er& l~~pg:::l,:$K:~..$

--,*.:b-.'*t,J,',.';; .rm up Ly ropes against the lofty briclc walls of the I3armclcs. '(tllle'n .

- ' * I .

.>, ,, -.,... thc fyiends of .,l\lirz+, Muh;r-mntad..oyie4 out thathis:confejsi~$~of?%.i~~%r: s ; . +- ..

:: his' II+lji, fa i t l ly i i $ttdok:.?f. $&ll<eii, .hi$:clied,?.;I ~9$6'2!::, . . . . ., , , , . .. _ - I

... . . .. , -,&?. .:, :iu my r i ~ ~ ~ , , ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ p e r f c ' c t . ' i ~ ~ ~ s e r v i c e ~ n n d saqri5co.l' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*: l i a..,.!r'.. .'!+ ,'.'! ! -;.:p. :.,... :; . ' . . '.' .. : .,, j. .: '

. . . . . . . . . . ...... '.:.; . . ~lih,fiiijt;!v~llkj , ., ... I : iiitebde'];. ..:,;.. ........ i$!ieWrnid;\t~~ tlle:.J3ib, .:wn.~:~@!!;.r~k;g>j,~~ the fajtl~f~l:discip!&,.~~~?,iag : I(eife1l:';t- the.:M@ter:B. feet, th~: ;~- ; : . . -1 . . . . . . .' ' .i:,<;-:\:,<&

: . . . ;. .': B&', & ~ l a i i i $ ? ( ( ( , ~ l i ~ ~ :@rt i i&$ i n :P4~gdise.7~~hi:8qa~~$,+.:,;i:-~:~ 3 +i:, ;2-,-; :? ;. . <;i-:. :. :, A'. r, .id -\a+.v'' *' R,.$y;:i&dl~\& f i r i h t t l l & ; ~ a b j <>$liea $]~e'rmok~ilmad j911ed;$i$y~i,, , fie? . .A .2::-:,- ..... 2;r.4. 1,. + q nlil:i+)al : .:T11@ , B ~ L ~ , , : I ~ @ j i sppf inya~~, , . -A, , gvit . : ~ l ~ ~ ? ~ ;$jI:;$.7i& b ; ., .:.. ..... .;:.,. ,.;..: <

itrosi ; Soqje: cried ;"fIo h i 8 gone :up : 1 1 ~ a ~ n . ! ' . 1 ' : : ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f f i $ ~ r t ! :[i:::-:::b;5i,l~ weru in toryibl@ perturbation. W&q it a trick ? Or & piiflcla?'; ... . .,-..<.. :;<' ::+"?' .:: :.,

. . . . . . , ' I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...; . . . .< ,-,.; , . . . ' \# . . . . . . . , < .".* .> C".,. .. . ...." .:;. ::,; $... ".%.':-

. . . ; - . . .... . . . . . . . ,.., ..;or .i ?< .: . . . . . . . -

. . . ,._ ,;:, ,' - . . . . i.',:.,. , -, , . . . . . . . . . . , . . ' r . . . . ,-- 5 ,,:< i??:. . .':. : ;,,, ... ; : *-,a ,.:. . . - - *,.. r--.

> ..;: ' 189i ]: ,:. S-";:'; --:~,..-.;~?:. B ; ~ G ~ ~ " ~ ~ ~ : b;B4A;:./+i - ... : -. < ',. ... : ..

1 .. .as> . , . .* ,. . 7 87 +-;- .....% jr"S.2 . . . . . '-..

, . - . . -. .' , .: . . . . . . , . . ..>.

.. . . . . ,At any rate, ;it would c ~ s t them theii . &okmissions, perl~ays their .. . . . . . ..... lives.., .They. miid@, se&h, and . jn %.little ' room,.. which opened , .. . .:.;.- 2.. . . . . *.:,

... .., b ~ ~ a i n g l e : dqo*., 0% to tbd p la t~~rm~.~pyef~wl~ iob : the. cond~mned ;;;.!- s:;;;;$;, . : .:i>,<~$,:.$d _i$~~~$~~f$~$$@:x;~ib9~,~~b:i3pf9:II<a ; , - ~ i T ~ e r ~ , ; ~ t h . , & ~ ':l+%.$s;q:t

; : . . . ".,,;. %1.~ . J . . - . ."1. ..;,A. . . . - 'f'~s: . . . . . . . ' ; ..., -.....rl:.i;.,;.:;- 6. , rsgmeqt:.of _. : .~b~~tj~al;$;i '~@as -.. ~ $ @ ] $ > + t i ~ ~ : ; . ~ ~ t , ~ ~ wallrU: this,: -;;$:.;?$?.;

. . ,., . - ... !, .; 4 . . . .- . -:: & >. ::. ,, , ., , .-:.. ,.. : -;; - *:,., ,.$ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-. ~ta l i i~ . : .~ , -..--.x.;?.,, . >+:;--.f;-;; .:v. . , * ", 7 2 . ,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - ... . I . - . I . ' - . , . : ,-. ' V ..:;,,i ..,.

. . . . . i .. . - . ~.b(d' th& pot b @otbor ;rlh&iadei, :::-. . *A>.) . . . . , ' .: . . . ? ".. !:.!

. . . : , ... .%,_ Bllt, u t!louirt bent on burning, bc a man. . . .-. . . . , .. . . . . ;...-. -: ,:..,i;:.:3:y; ..:: ,c-. - . - . . ..... . . . . ... . ' , .< , 2.. ..>;....,+.,:.. ;;;:-;:; .!-.';.$-.\- ,.>.: : & . - .:;$....>$ ". - .:.-As ithe~&$e~~ti6nk<(E.:~annjdp':~.a6~zG,hinS'~h& sald:&, i 6 OL(&$]$' a ~ l $ ~ ; ; ~ , : ~ ~ k . c I ..L- . . . . . .., - .-'.,. "'. -: _. _.. ' . . . . . . inot, after all;, t h e ~ o ~ $ ~ f . ; ( j ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ? ~ ~ ; l l e & ~ ( j o ~ i ~ 4 n ~ i hpve ' : j; -:y::-~+-;7 . . . . <../. ....... : a h $iQi-e; .:. J&-j.:gPtle:.":i~ht . ;- ji:;&) but :&at. 1 :::- ,, - , .51

. . . : . ;-?" -: . have invited' you totle.:.kuowledge of ~ o d and- bast myself into ..:.;.... ... .I-:.+ :.. ,....

affliction and snffcrilig for vn~ir sake?" (" New Histnrv." 1). 383). - :-, But the c.scct~tiouerx Lad uu tin,e lo \v:lslc i l l l i s t ( ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ : : , l ; ? 1 1 ; 1 1 .

. . . . 2.:.H $. :.. . :,iw~,:;~;~,ypdf~$tr~~gq$pg~iw~a~d the soldiers were onlered ....:.. . . . .,,. .-. ., . .,:. - l$# , . . . i,, + -$pi fiq;;lndtlieE~ib~ey$:~~~'.;;t:~$?~e~ i&k,w&S;: ,. .,..*. . ..-. . ~ubammddhnk, 1:. .. ,).. ;;;:*4 ,,..;T= : 7 :,. ;:$ , - . . : . . . . . +&::. r ~ l ~ c ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ d o : : ~ ~ ~ ~ t f c&istiah:. r&-e~tj,&nsidered.:to ;be;;;:, .z; :-,if " ~ 4 . . : - , . . , ... . . . . . . . . . I,. . .L:.- ., ..: .,-.:, ..:.c.::.. :I !.a;:: , , ..: . . . .

i . ,',. t ... . ... &tailited .by ;:tha..,~ew;~~:hw~f,;..WB9~.:OId&&il~~~Ut~i:~n their'..;dllgys. p<$f-;;&g;.;;;

-- . ., . .7,pG4 : ' ' pkoved at ppce.fat;rl to-the ,prophet. :.Tl~e::Bpbi historians assurc

. . * * . p .. ',<,.;:,; thkr ;:&it :th6 fe&~hge. t&c~~efof :thd,;Bab from the ,-firet. : .:.. . . . . .P,' . . I .%. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , ..;*.;:;:;.':?k. :'--.. . . . :.xolli$ due ,;$a!:fiie'. . . . . . . . . . . . . s&4xieigb .will ..wI~ich overrlilcd t h e &il ': ..;.; :(:$::? , :,;; ,;. :::,;.-, , .',.;<;.:+,) :-:;:f.:

: ,- ....:. ,:",.&. pyrposii 3~ii$e&~~:faa'tb~.i~9$QPieg -... , .&-, ... 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..-fotth:, pf.:'bii -power. and . tbd. :. 7;;. ;:.i._:.+~ ;. ::.,=?.f . . . . . . . ulclling :'bf~-~~~,~~~df~.:l)~bofifiroi.-Li~~:.:se~\~~;nts . . . . . . . . ;$i\d,:Jtb .... o o ~ r d b ~ r h t e ~ : ; ' . ~ $ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ $ ; ~

j - -7 . . ' . . . . :'@, iht~. ~ ~ ~ : ~ ~ 1 j ~ $ ; ~ ~ r ~ . ~ > $ ; . ~ ~ e ~ e ; a & ~ ~ ~ c 9 Q ~ . pWa;foi piss.:save t~&; :~$~$~$~~ ... I- . I. -J

. .?...;.. . - i @ i c h I . . . . . . . ~ i l l ~ ~ . ~ , , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . t ~ . 6 : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f $ . 1 1 ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ c ~ ~ ~ I ~ e ~ ~ e e c o n d volley, i t .! ., 5;.:i.T:. .,. . v - .::-- , . + %'-.

.... . . . ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ . y p s . ~ c ~ ~ s a ' ; b i ~ : ~ o ~ ~ ~ . ~ 1 3 i G i ~ ~ p ~ 1 ' ~ e e s e ~ o n d e d ...... 'and'g?ve effect t6.th6 ...- .?;..;. .....>. ;. " . ..<*; ; ;.-. '.> ,'. . , ' .. -

--,; .;-. t"illl"&f ,:s js; pefr.&cutbrii,; f$~;~e~ib~~itli@,sir?fil!~css and.,,~ebe]liouu. ., ?;;,;:ri$";'?:': ,i-.* ". .* ....... ?.,*&:,-.. I. .. .,.. . . . . . ,hesa /Qf,.tb6:wfclr~d:'&d&idirig :fa. the.. +;se,"'" We will cause .him ."!:.:::'::?.:: ... : ':?

. . . . . . . . . . . .; <; . . . ..... . . . . . . . .a::;>< tiiabtain; tl~nt: jh::.($hick +is in~lined.?:~~-., . ,,: ;i.;,. . . . . . . . -.,. ....

. , :,;.c,, :.,- '',,.' - ;!., . :. .:. ,;:.:2 :

:I :.I;<~L l ~ ' ~ ~ t o ~ i ~ ~ l : ~ ~ t ~ ~ , ~ ~ t , . , h ~ w ~ v e I T ~ I : y ~ ~ ~ ~ r ~ f ~ ~ a ~ . t o think. thati'not ;'&g.,,::: ... . ,':! :- - eypp':a.Bib'ajvill;overr~~les the natnrnl connections of callst: : ~ l d _- . /. ,.- ..

w i l l ' ' b ' e ~ a p t : - ~ . a ~ c e ~ t . tho more prosaic expl;rrii~tit~~~, t l ~ t ..... ;. . ..':'% , -c. . -., -..,. ..,... tl;eli&ldiers pf, tl~e,Mp$am,mn?an regiment, ,who first fil-utl :kt; tllu ,..,.; - . ' '

*../. , . - r:.;;,lj,@k,,i 8~t&. l~j~i$a ' t l~ i$$ witc h i ~ a ~ d ~ ~ o - ~ i r n c d ~ ~ a t . . . . . . . the .qrdq, ;:,.:;.:.;:. :,, ;;.:;$ :'.. '. *- ' . . :- . . . . . . . potrfit the < pki-son;'Lf: t h e ; , ~ i 6 , ~ ~ : ~ ~ ~ ~ t e v + r , . the: ,ix+i&tibn;'tl;e ;':;.: ,<ri;;iz

s.2;;: , - . , . > . . . ._ , .- '.':?*+b $5i$;t$ ls@dght, will a!!t$y~~~en~iin .pne:pf -..:. ......... t h e rnost'~tri1ciling. instances, of .b+,++T8 ..... .-'a . ,.., -,.<:.., I: r.7ty, tlli: tremninJoii$ i l u ~ o ~ i ~ o c ~ , ~ . t l j e . ~ h ~ ~ o r p&'alhnti J tbot & ~i&a...;:;~$~

..A+ .*... . . . . . . . . , ..:?:..!;: .Inin~~~,:wiselj.:~ii~~pi;syecl':oi':itupidly ......... lost ? . may .. attain. A.,$Inql. . . the;~~~::.,i~~::$;~, :&2j3 ;,

...,+A -; ..:. ...s .P.

,s,,i,Jjfb,whe~. . . thp'i9]hieis! , , . . . . . . I btllleti ..,.,% .ba?.:o.t:tl~@cordn y n ' ~ Le. IVY tl~na..: ;s222:, 3 v* .7.:,! * . .. .L. ?+!.. ... -" ;.i: ,:..*.., ,ii.t , ,-.c~. L '

stradgeli . f~l~nsc~l,,,kep~~l~is,~ . . . . pregence!of; mind +ndjri;!~"ini&; th&$:;2i5,$eijii : . . :; ;- t ~ ~ o p g , of, ~ p q e ~ r B ~ . l . d ~ ~ ~ ~ l y : ~ d ' m ~ b ~ ~ & . ~ ~ f f f ~ . ~ ~ ~ i a ~ o r ~~o‘rc$.kjilpg$;$~$ii~$<~;<I

'.tbizere with. tl;; ne*, fditb; tl&i' iijili'ttl& d&bbt' that hie life ~ou~~;:.;~~::';.::~.; ., i..,v. ...... .: ....' ,‘- 1':: ,a,!~.!..i.j/k . . . ., .,.. , ..L ., :..:;:'; " . , . ........ ,,>.,., +::< * .$,:,:?;;;;';;, :, .;.L ., '::i.; .. " . . . . . .. 4 : .: . 0.'

. . . .-.A < . '

. . I . /. :. ,,. . - r . '"... , >.: . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..- -.. '.. . . . . : . . . . . . . . . .!.."A: . . . . . . -:,, +'.' ,:: I-.;: . . 5 . . . . . . . . : . . . ..,..,.'. ?...

. . . . . . . . - . , .. , .. ; ..s,<: ..:,-,.* 1:: .-- . ,.' :?.

, ., . :: , k,?-.i ,.g.;.4

Ilavo been eaved. .The whole popu1ation;ready belikers ~ $ ' i l ; ~ x ~ r ' , $ ~ . s supernatural,~wo~ild have.regarded it as an evident .proof- if hiY.:.:.i;,TG .:,!.:&$;. . ' . . _ , : I' . . diYiilh c~aims;:.3.~o~~i~oldi~@,~;~;.~.aa_~obin~aI!.;~~5~I;:,~l~,~2~&~~$$$$- . . . . '*

; ,di,&ir :j&. fire ~ , , ~ o i ~ ~ h & ~ ; ~ : tJll,ii&;$o~ld ;h9vc~:~~e~'g(t;'4~;i11~iiibkf:$$,E~>~~~ -. ..... . ... -. . . ' j _ ' . -: +.>$';:% , er& insgrrectios nod: id .a .city-of ' t h e impoktence of . ~ & b r j i , :tdz'ii.;.U

seoond capi ta l~@f, the Empire, to iuppress i t would L a y ; %;$i-$$i rjuitc anotl~ei. -affiii than .quelling tlio rising 'in' Zanjan.:'.:.. 0, . - .J . . . ,as~:: , .. .;,~,>,>;,&:..z; ,r ,,

- . . . . . . . .. -: - . dyxiicity. ~ ~ ~ ~ : r e i g u i ~ ~ ~ u ~ d i ~ p e r b n p s . ' h ~ v e . . s ~ ~ c u ~ n ~ ~ ~ ; i n ~ ~ ~ - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r r ' ; ~ ~ ~ ~ i ....... .. 0;. is&: live. Ijeconio: tho:stn& :Pdi$od of Ibot~>f ~ t i l l ~ , i ~ ~ * ~ i ; , : !

. . . - . . . . . . ,% .:'.:' :irenter part of ~ s i a . , ' . - But, uuforttidatclj, the Bsb: ' ~ r t u r e d . : ~ ; ~ ~ ; ~ ? : . . .,,*.: :...#.$ - lie "had been since:: early .morning, with -.11i's mind' dazeil ' b$' tile ,:;i;i;45Sf,2. painfa1 suspension.:on the wall and the iudtle~k fa1l,:lii~ew.::bb~i&3f~~;~: \vI1:,1 1~ w ; ~ s thing nlitl, ~11itIt:1. tIlc unrc!flcctii~g instinct of taltihg ~.cfugc w~llcwl~ers,., al~uost . uncousuiotisly . turned into tlic ~ y e n . - . ~ y ~ ~ . : nuor .of, tile* j&fdllo$& T!leiii:findin&him$ilf . . i n ; ~ ~ ~ u l d e ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ~ 6 ~ ~ ~ % ? I . : ~ i i ..&...... ......... , .. (,y".l:iirS : 110. submissiyelf iesigned himself..$o'tl~~ discovFry. and..deatli;\v11i& /:2+.i'&32z

-. , , . &'..... .. . . , , . . . . . . m ~ s t s o o ~ ~ ~ ~ e r t a ~ ~ o himRb2jl$! :i:;j,;.r. ;:; : ,<,. ,,.,, , ,..,, > :. : *:- . ,+,.,I ;<+$x*.&g! ';:$'$ r' '.'" +:.::

., 8 . -. ,. :*, ::-j$$;;2 I t was o i ' ;~ i1$ .~~; ' :1850, th~t th6 'Bib: &n'i iiecuteh: ' 3'0, t\vb:,; .........

, . . days his: body, \~itb;',-that:.~f . . . . . - 11ii:;faitt;ful: disciple,, /:.~iP~~+dj:tpI;;~g~~&E ' public &v. "-Tlied:tho -Bj;bi*,': Lig.' bribiilg the "sc~~igel~,i~"c'C~err&d~i;;~~~I;;$'

. , .:..- , . - in getting possession -qf . i t . md~ t rans fe r r cd~ it ta. .i: s~riae.:nbar-:.:~.~i.~~., if:: . .; . - . :.-A- .. :r,;~..<<....t;-;

: ; . . Tiheran; xhi c l ; : t h i ~ ~ b Gisddf:iiad &e€&io. @ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ , . ~ ~ : $ @ , ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ s ~ ~ ~ , ~ , : . . - , ; ~ h a ' d i o f . , ,.__I .of i thLrOiv leligiiiq<+as dknd. and, a c 6 + r d i u g ; . t a ~ < < ~ ~ : ~ ~ ~ - ,?,,

cn]&]iti&n~ bf Bet Pim9. miniiter;: ;Miiz& Talii'!I(lihli, t ~ & m & l ~ ~ $ $ : i ~ profound,-pe~~a.~&li t . b;e,'entililisl~bd nndi, ti&, em$ii$!?b0::&. ,w- :<*$;:: ?..:,-. .,

~nb~,~. trbublkd lrLq tlle::sid& of.. t 1 1 i i : ~ ~ b s t i ~ a t ~ : h c i i ~ ~ : .: ;J&t., this ;:;:+!: , .. +&?2 .g": \$as 'one of "tb6{o-dases tbat &cd&I Something &&a tlIi6: pblitikhl :~~:. ;~+~! ....... expcricnco kit1 sdgabity .; .;.,If , the psimci~niinistcr llad '%alrdn' the .ii. .;i;, .. ..;,)./.

. . , , - . - . ...,d'.'.

wins tq. rtudjc; th~;$abhihi i : 0f::;th8...~~lr. , .-,. A ..4: ., . f$tli;.;l,e, ,,yb~liI hav$,",jg;.;;:i:< li~lt,w!~ tlrat ' t l l < ~ e r ~ i t ; b ~ ' the sect was not bound up:witir' tb:i"'"j:$;!L life of an$i:'individud:;: ;that.: tho 'bffices 'of. ~&b' '&id: .poiat &u- . . . . . , . . .c.. ..:. '

L ~ I I ~ C J , whatever happened to tliu pcrsonv wlio ten;pii&ily:helcl:: -:... . . , .,..:. tilemi:-and ..th%t,tjie ..,siici~ss?~:'to. ,.. - . Ikliizix: . . Ali ',&i~lliqmmnd ... i;m~glit.:j'::..i.".+:!y : :..: . G d . ,

,- . . . : , - I , . ;; - give.tbi~go~ufil~6eii~~eVa+.1ri~$& tr&ile than- tho!;iibni !&th., of.!;&?%:: . . . . . .s.i:'T.;

. .. . ... tliirty. Iad.zgl'w' bei!hme ~"revdred' nlhrtyi;' L&-I~ bcfoiii ]!is qeats?. ,:..,. ;.: ..!'k.-,. .,.a ,,.> , . .: >.. . ..

. . -,--:: %lie :Dab;. i~mr~tiuil~at,illioriof t l n t event,: boul apl)ointid:tho next ;&$;? ... . head of tliu -cbGi*uli. .,This wasj b . t i r z i .~a l i~a , sci@,.bf: d';le hf .' :..: ,

. , . . . . . . . . tllo . noble f:tloilies ., . of: J'eGia, lpjn i n Tell~rik in 1830 ; ho w a s @ i;.;;> f . . # .

, .,,,.. ;?' *., ; ' t . f i .- ( . . . . .;6!;:;yocljgi m k of: irellt.mo'clcsti, :p!ictjr and Pourtcsy; i~ Gne: Pors$~n ,; .:. . ,i- _ - (:, , .

A ",,,4.,:,2 P : - ' scholir,~6spbiiillj fond o f .,~II?, pperus~$f.:~l~@ystics.': wit)'- $8 j \ i , , ; , : ... . I . .-,. ? ,

brothe'r, 11; to; &l;~ia~&&~n. ;mJ be&&&.hcquaiitad wit~:t;h~~i!\~!.":i~i.'$ cllidf Babi apostlesi:- IlazriLi-ICuddui and bb~onsolitio&of , .JCyer':& . . . . . 1 ":.-;: I . ,

. . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . , . . " I . :

toolr a special inter& ie:the., youth,, still. .in his . teens, filling . : . .:,;. I. . ::. I

liim. with- the mill' "<he'~&of .tli~"'soVorr nlf,ercth &t." A t the ,.;:.; .-:.;; . . t i ine of t4e : sie& ok t@ forgl~~sz'kf i;:fj~$~lch. ~nbdrs i , the young . .:< : . ... . :.i .

& . I . . . . . . . . . , . b .... "j ,;.< :..... . . . . . . . ,.-.. =.!< . ;:,: =:..c7. ......... . .- . ,. ;,/:., 6. :,;+.; i. . .. i: , -5:;::;: io;in!hnd~bib&ld,e~;b~i;~~kha;~so~ghf~,~.~~d1!,tli'$i,b7~~~ed,jb$t~I.i~;~;,i;,~, .." ..-... ... ... . .~. . ,

~~c<6~;&p~qi;e&.;~nd 'f;j'lj.f~;,ti&~'im$ris~~+a .,. 0 -~ccount:, his.. 2; ::;{';ti:;: . . . . <;' : . . f , . , '. 5 .*.'. .. ard&',':in , &k..&use; and : ]lis.;Jigh~$~&&n q i o n g *th&'-~e;.~iali.;.~ $2:; . :--, .;

' ;obilit$, be was rdddeNthe fouitb;of the.?. L6tteA bf thc Living; I' . .. ,..-.. % +. . and :+eri- the:.-lepde& rprecediig::bi@;in,]: t ~ e apostolic line- .hiid . ' - *

. . . '"L . . r . . . . . * . a ' . . . ,,,. .... ,--. 2;;. . , . . .$.,; .:::,fi., erlsheil.'~ii~.the:eonfll~ts';!g~M~;~lld -. , . ,

, j i U 1 ~ ~ r t ~ e f ~ ~ ~ '.:.:" :...-,..:, i$~:&~&'it~at':cc--:::rcf4~$i~ii ..-:... .+ . . . . . . -..: . , . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' , , the& might:.dki.!' .. . no,.$~t<r~issiid-.-ii~;~~b-c18B<g~a'h$* .b&uinatdd:- L, . . . . .:; <; . . . I). - . . . , . , .. ..

.. Mii*zi.yuhya...&r tl~$~,nex~&~ad~~iof;~~:t~g.; &hurgll: .ubd,$. tbe.;titl&::., ... .,:.?;

. . - - .?+. ~~b'11-i- ~ 2 ~ 4 1 : (tlk! ~ ~ i ~ i & : " ~ f ; ' . ~ ~ & . ~ i ~ ~ > ~ ' ; ~ , ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i - & ~ l (Ilis . ' :.l? ......

. .

TToliness the Ekrnal). I-To nlso sent him his Dkrsonal effects a ~ t l L11c lloly rings iiccortli~~g tu tllc ~ I ~ I I I I I , C I * O ~ hlie U~lity (19). , SIIIJI-

. . , :: . ;i7Ezel a,...;:;i..: . . . . ...- ........ -, -~~~l!e.,is..~s~~allp..,cal,1ed,~~t~~pc~~~olr;pp..th~~~upcrin ,, :'.; :. . .- .... tendence . . , ,.,-:.:;F.; -,..-:; :q ! 1: . . . ~ f ' ~ t l l e : : ~ a l i ' ~ . . . . ~]lu~ch.':~{S<~ki+~~~~i~~&c~{:o'f: . . . . . . . 'i.;e<irehlent, ' wh;&' li& "7:":f;r. :

', . ..:, ..:--:, ". *-I. . . . . . - t1;4i6.6t hi&if:safel eiigngc;2.!n~jti;~~S~~~I;i~giand: circulating-w:,: : ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ , , ~ $ k t ~ , ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... - . . e . ,.. .... tk& .,-&~,i, ,bsokq bxp&$;diug ; tfl;~~~~~t~i~~I~~~lldi~'c;;niOr and -;j~.~+&$~;

4 5

encouraging the church by:his epistles.:-! ' - --: ., . . . . . . . . , .,

. , . <i.:?9:II~ut . . . . . . ,: the: ;fervid'; . . . . ah~~'~gmbiti~~~,i-~pi~<t~;~who had. .ibe+n;i.. -. ,I::::i,:l; . .. '-?;;,,-.>;. . . . . . . . . m u i l ~ t uplta a high pitch of .entpusia&'by'the tlieophanies and ..,:- . . . . . . . . . .

i . . ' , ' . .- .;.;::: . .. ... . . . - . _._ . . . . . . . . :;tiixiibcixlint+l rnjatcrie~~~of ,t&. neiv fni(~,:we@&y nq deans . . . . ,cbul:. '>$.z;.;

,.+*,'i. S'.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .....: . . . . . . " f. :;..-; : I":.'..: :.". -.- - . . . 2:. ... :, .. .:tedt't$;~~@~&..t$&. ~ i ~ ~ : q f ; ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ y l t P ~ . . . jr&t&,$f t\okntJ;-three - ! : . s !$%;

..':;"'. . . , : . ,y . . ,' -

' . . , ~:-$l~~~;&iB.~~,;i;~~~~-~~;.~~~~.fi~~:iua~~t~tlolllbf tKe 66 ~ l & i ~ d :.Tiee: .;:i%i$*; . . . . : . . ".. ..-a?.<.

..... . . . . . . . -. . ~.of:.tb~:~t~~iiul..~~,'nt~~a~.illi,~rate~..co~fectio~e~, eiglteen years of. :.:,-..- . . . .

.: .. - .,-. ... $6 !ia]icd ZabiF';-IIis defot~e$~+~~tcd"i ; im' : & !!$llt! ,hxanifesta- .. :- ,. -* ;.,;.,.; ... . .

fli9, , ... ? :,.. .-rrr,;,

, - tioiiiof tl ie':~bkrl~titip, .t l~~i ;hj6te1-$.ud&e~t~tk,c &&nu1 ~&ence.'!:'-:3; . ~ ~ B i a n ~ - the~~rced; , led - - !' of ... the _, young cbnfcctioricr's .rvisiloni, they ..' , . :-I.,:.. . ;

:>, . . . ; 4: 2 $khl~ i+ l , . : 6: Brew3 sugar-.caneg: of, 'affection?:-l'::'!~is, .mnllting mas . . . : .- y ;. .. ,. .;: . . . . . . . : : .." ......- ... . tlr&~lo~$..df.>G;dd~:n~i~~.]bbkin~ t h e : ; ; i ~ f l u ~ c e ~ . if ;;~;od,, hie-.8ilence.. , ;.;-;;f;& 1..

wisdom, and by his sweet. smile 110 introduced .a new joy into tlic ..... ...... ; ...?

very Essence of ,Heavenly Bliss." N e i t a blind seer ant1 n~jstic,

. .I . . , Jonab-i,Bair,. cslkd . -. ,the -. v : .; ..Indian. - ,Believer?-; about w1io111 i~ially . -&

. .,;l$!: . . 8 i g ~ ~ . ' a ~ i , l ~ ~ n d e ~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ t e F c d , : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ p i f ~ s t ~ ~ ~ . h i ~ ~ e l f f ~ . ~ ~ ' ~ f le .claimed:'. :.;::,<'.:;:;.i. ._:. , , . . . . . . . ..I"

: . . . . :+ to: b6j:i ~,;;~l,,,d,~f 't~ti:~ma~::~;s~ji;t$dddaa~a~te~Of:, tb~.t,v;mist~r'~~:;l;Qi: .:&;.,,..,:::;,.:-.. - . . . . . . . .I '.. - . :p . : - - i ; : i ; . ( t l~~,~$~~ud !...i::d.-:::,.,.o - - Su~]?~i i~zol) , ;a$. , tlht .,... .....-.. ;l~isj:iodb&d; i . . . . was .p~ovad~. by,;.:.+j::;:, ...... I:.-:,.j\

1 . . . .,, rf tlle,p&a'te.t o t ! ~ ] l : e i & ~ ~ ~ ; , @ wit,~v~~ses~~p6ilt~~&oUs1~ atterod.!',L$~$:;~f;~j I " , . /

':.Jenali-i-Aziin also'inade. thql~&~tj ;~lai in; kut,l~esitat&l to put it tij! ~,; ;~~.- ' '~ '~m . - .. '.'..I. , . . . . . . .*r .+. .-.- : I-.:; ..;.;: t l k tisf of iluprovisi~ig verses, d ~ i ~ l ' ; t h e r ~ v ~ s " i n u c ~ kenrt&rn~n~:: , , . : -2 gr.1; ;:-.I,.?* ,:.; :,,; . . . . . . . . . . . . . $<i">h;W ~vrUnGl~u~.d~i6~g~t1~~~foU~wer~~ of. !'?+.:.i;$t .Pnb~i.;;.i$ Pn'r$i..i'''i'ih%-.:.. ::.,?,v: ,,, ; d ,

, < , i , ,' . <'!, . v ' ;.;:;YUty-@& :., .;a ,, a ~ ~ ~ . ~ $ , ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ d ' j : ~ 1 . ~ d ~ s o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i J " e ~ t Q t i o ~ s ~ . i . ~ £ , ; l : t h ~ . . a .... :? . . . . . _ : . I . q.'.i .,. . ..).. ~ 0 ~ l l e ~ ~ ~ ? , ' ~ : s p ~ i F ~ ~ ; ~ ? & $ # $ . . . . .

&.. .-7 uzi.2: " , klingg from th6, dcgapt;.qf-:Divinity' "'ippearcd: . . 'and their varioui' . ,, ,.,:;:!, . ,. . . . . . . . . ' 3 . I

. . ? ..:.. .;:- . ' I ....:.. . . ..:. . . . A . .. , . . . . .... .. . . ... . .: :.: :*-: :<;

. .,. . u- . . ..-, " '. ,

. . - . . .. ". ., . .,. . . . . . . ;,. .

. .

740 Babism nnd the Bab.

*

.. . . - very chaon "of . .: head of the

. . . .

. . intense. , . .

. . : : , ; 1 " ~ ~ i s I : : I ~ I ~ s I I ~ ill 511:111j:i11 :i11(1 ?:iri%. I I I I I ~ ~ Y ~ ~ S , i f 11ot ~ ~ ~ o I I s ~ I ~ I ~ ~ , .. ,.

were n~assncrcd. ';The bitter feeling of the ilij~istice . of the . g a ~ w ~ y @ : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ~.+.C ,.r, !,w..L;; ernmint, that. hiid :.o cruelly ~ersecuted thelo and. m&rde~ed~;t~~;9&r'f.icG2,;

f ~ u n d c r s f . the~:~chuich,.'waxed too. strong. to , bb: restmihed, froru-;$.;;;:~'r: ..:. . .,t,;::, .:? ,,.* .&.,,.,.? ovcrt acts; st l i t :liy iuch: a' wcilr hand as - thai. oof . tlie ' ' y o ~ t ~ ~ . : : ~ ~ ~ < $ ~ ~ubl l - i -~ze l . Seven of the Babis, burning with a sense of .. .tbfhir<;?;:ij?:;: . . ,,*..*..a :..

. ..:::: ;; wrongs,. determined to have revenge and to p u n i s l ~ ~ , b i r n i . ~ b ~ ~ ~ ; ~ ~ ; T : ~ ~ ~ . ~ . ~ ...c?:,r.., ,z;,3y.~...'

they regnrdkd as Gost responsible for i t - the Sliah l$<self. j-:~;;I~F;j;~;;i] Four withd l o w from t11~ conspiinoy when i t cime ;to t ~ q . ~ P ? i ? ~ ; , . o f ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ~ $ ~ , 5

- . . , exec&n.; bht; Mullall ::Fatbu']lab; Spdi!i:i ~ f , . ~ ~ f i j q & ' ~ ~ *4.$%$$.Cr$- , , &:;. .-, .tr-ib:,:.. .$ . . &{llhsmma&;: 6f Nil?iz, dbtermincd to p u t ; r j n end' b'j&e;;&iG~ifL,

. . . . . ~. &.-,?,: $..,.: 2 ' Y . Y

. . 'Eloperor'e . . life. :Disguised:as laborers, they approached. tl!a ~ h ~ ~ ~ . i - - . ~ : ~ ~ . ~ : . ' ~ : $ , , . ., . . , . ;~ ,~, . : ; :x5;6~~ ' o n ~ . . ' ~ u t u ~ s : c t i j in118.52, as, lie. ivas riding out, to the ,~hpse.frorn:,-$~+;;::~:,. . - . _ . . ". . . .: -. . . - c-- ..;.u *;-% his: cawntiy resi~enco;.ai~d on'. dcco:u'nt: of, t l ~ c ~ d ~ s t . ~ & - ~ s ~ ~ e r y b a ~ : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ & < ~ , . ~

sepirated from. his retinue. ;;,Pretending to offer' a'-petition,.they;~.:~i<.:~;$:;~~ +,'r:..;:;:,. ..

drew near.yit110ut exciting suspicion,.wlien onc.'fi&d. .a:.pjsiol .. - and:l...,.:;r,,:,.:; . .,. ?.:;j; ... r:. ..-!,.-..'

another: pulled the:Bk&l,,,froln .his .horse t;d i,he..gi&~d, iliten&og;&$&$<'. '111 cut liis , I . tJ~~pqt...!iBut, . before the conspir:ltor~ could effect tliei!L-,c-;: pul.poscb, nssistance calllo to the Sllall and th6 two nssjssins who 'q:,'' . -: survivetl wero soizetl. They boldly ducln.er\, when questioned,: +,>,- ,*.. ;:

., . - . p . . . , ' . . ~ ; t l i ~ : ~ o r e ; , @ h i i i i ; : a 1 ! d -.. .. 'ljnd 'brde .. . ,_. th9;att~r+$t$tb.' ., _ . _ .. : ... I . . i).~b+ge;~t~o;:~~;:::;$r,~ ... - ., ....: ... ;.,. . ! r., .F;;&-..- ;:,;: , _ .-. .:;.-;.:=; - : bl&l 'Qf;.t]j~ii:~~~ster~~j;:~~,.'i~~~:~,';~7:~~j~!~j.~. .T.;;L :<. ,':,i+ ,* .,, .v, ?.+, &+," ;,..;:.;. .! :i:. ~ ; , : 2 ~ + e , : t , A ~ z ~ < ~ .. . . . . .. , t.

:,...' , .;:-il. ,. : . ; ; , -,c,.,.lrhi& nn(l+iops; @ttq~?pt excited' :&$m'<&d%<ibfz;~f .. . ..: . . . t&&?: . ; : . , , .~~. . -r -i i:::&fT% < A::

a . . ~ d "his .fGi,\ist&:.'to the' ut,I*osb, : l i : . i ~ b $ . $ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ l j t]~&j~l~:?if;j$$qk- ."& 1 . . . . . .

. . scl."es. th&, . . , .. L L ~ I I O U ~ I ) , . . . ; thklwc/~ted-. me..:i~.~i~re&f t h 6 ~ : ' ~ r . d . P n e ? ~ : ~ ~ $ ~ 7 ' .--.? -.. ..; ?

-::, L:.? ;#%'.I:::.-a ,.; ; . , . , - ~~hnt : . t l !~~ ; l ~ b ~ : . d o n ~ ' ~ , ~ f ., ., _ ... . ~ ~ ~ i r ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ t h o u ~ ~ t , , a n ~ i ~ ~ o t i o r i ~ ~ , i t . ~ ~ . . . .... . . , ... ::;$%.:,r;ii >:.<e?$z2 , ; . - ' ;:. - . 5.:. ,, . :;:si . . sigh . ' b t ; . , . . . i .:,urid$ip&d: , $ :....i: &eaffd&tidn ~. phnd, , :~diapi~cy, ~f.{;t~eL~~~~;;~iiTi2i;;~ . . ~ h \ i ~ h . . ~ l i ~ l r : ~ 6 b ~ l d ; : ~E!~.clie~lced -only: bi.4 c ~ l o e n ~ u n t ~ ; ~ ~ v ~ n g e ~ : ~ $ $ $ ; $ $

aulculated to' etri1c.i. terror illto the lioaits -of. all., , Every 13abtc ; : '?~~?: i ' i ... ,- ..a. :...- 4

leadop w110 co~ld.-be'~eizetl wag prrestcd, even tl~ougll for mouth!$.?L-&' : ...,.,,?. " 4 ~ $ ! ~ k , t $ + ..*. .. ' 4 ' ..i.: ... .. .

. . . . . . . . .> 1. . .> ., . . . . . . . . . . I..<. a . . < .... 1897. ] Bhbiem a& tlic Bab. 741

or years he or she had been in cdnfinement (as had the prophet- . ess, "Consolation of Eyes".). Some of these, especially those ,

.... who 11ad influential.,frien&;;kue&ded-;io -t ,... . . . . r ooqvincing. the govern- . .. . ' :; Nbht if their'intoq6w.G of .'thG c ~ ~ < p i & ~ . ,, But' twenty-eight of . . . . . . . .

the,+.lederti were dbomcd-. to executioo: .:.To divert exclusive responsibility for tbese. executions' fro~lr the court, the ministry . .'

and the ordinary administrators of tbe law, the astute but llorri- blb plan was form$ of: compel!ing- r@pre.sentatives. .of.. every:clw ?,.; .; . . . . . . . .

. . . in the capital, from the princ*e's-add secre't';rries. of state <low; to . . . ;-:

. .-? ?: tho mercllants, professors and common people; to torture. and ' : .. : ... execute the victim.appoi~ted to their respective class. Severill vic- : " . . . .

tims were hacked in pieces with knives; one was blown fro111 the I I ~ O I I ~ . I I 4 b f i c ~ I I I I , :~ftcl. 11is (:yes ha(\ lir*t been pl~~ol(c:ol i l l 1 1 : : I ; J ~ , I ~ I * .. was stoued to death ; another had irou nails drivo11 illto his I'cct

:-:: and head.,:;: ~ u l l a h Fathu'lM; tli.aon. ti£ .,the-.one who fired the .. 3; . , . .

. ',: shot at t b ~ Shah, .Lad holes cut into :his.. body into which. lighted '-;;. .$, . . . "os&dles.- were: inserted, and. thexi, after :this kind of torture llad .?::.:$r;.<-+

gone on for a tirne, ho was haclced in pieces with lrnives. Suley-. man Khan and .ICasirp of, Niriz, twq, of the .mosi; distinguished . - .:' .. 13abis, first had lighted candles inserted in deep cuts niade in .'' .-": -'

their bodies for.the purpose, and ..thus. were paraded through the ::::: : :. . . . .. - . . .

, , ,. ' . :., . . . . streets 'to tlie s ~ u n d i o f ; w i n ~ t ~ ~ l ~ y ~ ~ ~ , - G 1 ~ ~ n g iron shoes were next :.. . - );;;,;.: :,,,.".,. . ., . .

.. nhiled. totheir nakidlfegt, agd.,tbgir *. &th ' and ':nails pulled one. ,:-'::.... .. . . . . .

: . .by one. These 'frightful, tortgreii were borne with ~~larvelous

. . .?fortitkde, . .,_ and thqivictilns through. tbeir long agony ceirsed pot to '

, ;. .. ' . . . :.-t&tify.t&ir' . . joy t~~t.thej.should~1ia)ta.beei 'mbrthy to suffer mar- * .::+- , _ ,. .

tyrdorn for their' .Masteris--cause. ' .'Suliy;ilao Khan, tho Dab's " ,.:'. , foriner sctibe, even,sang ,and ~ecited:verscs of: poetry. l\'l~y (lo

... .,+ . :.;;,yoU not'dinco,-l,~~.~~~~.his;e~ecutiouere . , ~,aclringly, a siuce you find . ;.,;:;

death so plekant? " 61 Dance ! " cried the 13;rl)i mnl-tyr. " YPS in one baud the wine-cup, in one haq(l the trcsses nf tllc l;ri~:~l~l.--

- . such a dancc in the rnidst of tlrc marltet placc ;,. 1 1 1 ~ clcsil.e.'' , , \ . . .. ..3:=:i.: L~t,,,bu~..not,.le~st,among tbe:.yictims of this duvilish yen- : . .,,. .,?a-

. - . . : , t p ! g h d .: ac~rjinplisl~ed Kurratu'lyAyb,: the t ,. ; *-; ?:. ,, ..- . . ........ . . . . . . ..,- . . . . a,?.: .; : , . r ; i j~ ; ;~pr~PL~tw~2 ; ~ . ' ~ ~ ~ ~ p l ~ t i o ~ ~ , : o f :~Ejes.!?~~j, ~ t h c - p ~ e c e d i o ~ tyo or +;_,,-..%

..,.. . . , ~ : : r ~ t l ~ r ~ o ye&ars sh~~,hild;.;4&n k ~ $ ( . i " . ~ ~ i i 6 i . j-,,tb$.: louse oG,Mah&u& ZT&$~ .. . . . . I . . . . .- -, , .f;

. ~.l(h&i,.the ~ a h n t a i &. ..Teheiri$. Likeieiery one else who came .,' . : y .- '..1?%i~1:@ontact with; tlusilmpst .&iptiv~tin$:.~vowi$<, the lialintar . rvae :Ii ,-.;!;

, *?:L :. *.,... I .: ,;:. ?. . . . . . . a,; f~~i~at~j;,ky]liilv'&$,.&teLded~~~: . . - ..:- .. . . . ... ~~$~ej&g;,.faior-. add: hamfort;-::- -.,.CAI ' ::?.- * . . . . . . . . . ........?* ., " T I . . j . ~ @ ~ ~ l s t ~ ~ ~ . . . . . ?ith ;tli~~,rl&~h+~~g:.Qf;hii,d$t3;~j~:1Taiiili~. b e & ' c l o s e l y . ~ ~ ~ . ~ i ~ ~ .. ;:.*J.* 'confined ' f d i so long"a "timb;'it'kai. plii" tllnt " Consolation of ' :";::"r;,:,

Eyes " could. have had no hand in the conspiracy. But, as she . :b . . I . ' . - : '. , , .. ,.- . : .-

. u 4-i :c$~!@$~ ,. .+? -

* . . . ;, , F::+*:;&$f$:. .... . . 7 .

. . ,. :. ;i; - rA.:.:&?s;;<;A~ 2% . ..- -: ,:., !:$;?.,%.:.;-%$$ 74 2 Ba6ism and the Bob., [December;':-~;.;~;;$;~

, .. . . ,,&P.i,+I<.;'' . . . ,. , 7.: . -. .. mas tllo idol of the Babis and an ilnnlense source of etrength:'t&,,:. k.~.&,~- . .+.e,7:~- ..*.

..,-..,Ti;" . their cause, it was determined .to remove lrer for good oxid dl,L:;Gk;i:l; unless shc wou1d:recant.. :,: If she would but nbjurc h e r faitl~;~sl+x$$$f$ might be releasedat onc&,,si~e was: nssiied; But' her nbb1&!~'~pirit $; . .L;, . -~ .~a *;2,4~'.:;

scorned such. cowardice and disloyalty. She was ready f~ r '~~a r - : :~ :~ ; ; ' $~ .< tyrdom and g l d t o seal her faith wit11 be3 blood. As. nit,h;+,l& .. .'~'..k;.".' I>..;!., .-+ -:..... r .*.. . .+ - others, her death was mnde as painfnl and lingering as the idgc;:y)r:2;;<,$:; nuity of. ber .cro~l~erecutionen c&~lld devise;but she met-,it:$t&?~~&~~~$ what ono who witnessed it was conlpelled to call " a ' superli"h;h,~;~ j;:~;;~?. fortitude." , - . . .. "$..* . ;,,;-.!?."

. .. , ,.:.:..:>-.-z "' &.. '

The Shah and his ministers expected by these horrible punishi..: *"..:'&.,,.G , ,:\=.:; rnenta to st)-iltc such terror into the Babis as to put an end, from .. :,-:;+?:. . n:

: ' 1 1 I.;.:,. to tl~c: :lcc:u~.~ctl Ilcrcsv. h t tl~cg 11:~tl ovcrsllot the -.

nrsrli. T l ~ u lieroism of tllc rn:~rtyrs nrade a deeper i ~ l ~ r e ; , s j o n , ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ + ~ ~ , ~ . . ..,. y.:. **j- than:' the . severities of .. the; iovernment. ,Not 'an . apostate.: yag;+$IIF:5.;ri

. ...,, : : ' .... *... , - found. . .Even ,f cir-,executiouers were imbued. with m + i ~ t i i i ! , < ~ ~ ~ ~ i i h : . . ..( ..,.,.! :. .,.- .... s

for the &iurage:and.d~votion:of t h e ~ a b i s . : :,The. publie :cirjq?jty;.$:$@i{E to lalow more abdut these doctrines, and the popular expectsticj~ ;;.<.+!.!-.!??;:s, .: . ': '.'+:.e ,::.? ,4 .$

of a grcat career:in :the future for. a religion. which\ c~uld:; .com~~g;:<~,~;~;~:~~ nnnd such astonishing consecration and self-sacrifice mere 'raisiseil':: -... i';:.'f<+-j.,:.-' .....$.+:k.,~ to an extraordinay pitch. As Gobineau says - l: T h a t one'~a$~:~;$,ji;$~;~. gavc the Bab mor? ~ecret:.partisdns thin all hi~:':~ieachings .C~&I;.~?~?'$&.

<. -., ,& .:: $ ..7:. have ' Sbon, in 'the $iOyince of Niriz,,.tl~ere~wns d-fie$r'$;;: ...& :;<.I

....'..;yy.. - rising. . Tlre gcvcrnpr was ' killed, nnd only after some ti&'? ::&N .. . . .,.. .; .2:sm :: .? :;?;:;:I :.I .,,:&

.the iiisurrectioi: put down. ::Again- the, iccarnpinie~<::~;~i<~;i~ its v i c to~y .~ r i t l~ .&oirible but iqeffoctual crneltiei, visited "p.pq tl+~;i,~~~;;:?-.i'%

.,-< - A:'',:. .;. heads of the v~nquislied women and chilclren as ~vell as mcnI :<;<:::,;;,,:i:s-'"-.~ . . .-. .. , :,.? After a . time, . - .... however; there came .a. lull. ..'Tile Babi..leaderg.l;+i,;:,,;::+ ;:! - ; '';j;.? 8 ,

adopted' a new - tli.~:,: pblicy o f , coniedm&t _an~;$~<K$j~;;,-:i;,.d - ,. *;+ -.....,. t;" y ,-.. s 1~t~p;1g:111ilism, avoicliug all 'open conflicts with the governmcut.. , c+p.y. .

. . . - ,* ..,<;;*, .. x : .-we It wns 11ni1er'-.thi:direction of a new leader, Miria Ilusep.AIli .;.<+<i:?'; ciillcil Uclin'u'llah, a l~nlf brother of Subli-i-Lzcl (tho successor of . .-...' .' the.Bnb).,that this't~olr~place. : Subh-i-Ezel, to savc:: his -life, dis~.:r;~;.:~C,;?:'~ ,: ...< u ,2 J;;.<;

, girised' llirnspIf ;aid: flbd,::J$d .,fo~,..& ;long time -iekiibe&.$iddcn;,: , .. . ... .. . , . .+ s i : .: ~r~ .~ . : ; !-.A& i.::,.,J :,: W~iei?, at: ~pngt~l , 110.: ventured to: leappe;lr,,;it ..,yas.. a ~ r ~ s s ; : tile;::;:!: .; :iii.j$: frdntier, in .'Turliisll tcrsito,ry. ..;. :. s . : B & w ~ . . mordof 'a ;$cliolor.?~ld;;i:: Y$?$Q:~

' r a devotee than a mpll of:.affairsi the interesti of :tllb ~ ? b . i ;chufcllf<l.ir , , , :::;'?;5 : .. ,.; -?

, . W ~ O ylainly..bcginnigg. to snff t . r. : Too tnany n~.ol ;~immts:o~.: ; . ; , ; - ; l~$ "the hends~li~,~-,.new . . . , , - . . 'incaruations . . . . .pf i (io+hF?d, [w<ii::illowed:< tn~+52~:.,1.F< ... ., ,.!?. .:,p.i.~

manifest- tlaqeel,+eyes: a~idiidiitiict:.: t l i ~ church.>.. ;~lr,ii: ~ 8 b i s : j.~er!;;-;~;;$;>j;;; allowcd to take ly b too irrecoircilable attitude torards'tL8Pe~;: :;;!;%>:;+ sian anthorities. . . . . ,. ;.: . , -.

... . . - 'i.

, ,,,:;, ..: " .-7.' ;:.' . .. . . ' , . ,

. . < . . . . . . ...:. . . . . . . . . . . . . 189711 ~ a 6 ? 8 k &ad. the. BaC.

Beha'u'llal~, thirteen yeare older than his brotbcr, and n inan of more resolute spirit and executive ability, to whom olucli of tlla administrative..,work thg,,cburch had been already intrusted, , .

bccime ao.~vi&ed:th~t :~ i ;b~- i -~ze l &%not equal to the -situation. .; - . . '-

A community of ieligious, enthusiasts; gvolytiqnsries, visionaries - .,. . 7 :

and speculative mystics (for 'of. such material the Babi cllurch .

was in great measure composed) needed a firmer hand than liis gcqtlc and con@npla~jve lralf-brotber:could~supply. For a whilt: , ., ..... the 'piactical and de tehined . Beha'&'llah..maoaged thiugs in his' ' ' , :+.:.

.' brother's name. But ..at 'length ho concluded that he- might as . .

well have the official position as. bo tho unrevcred power behind tlio tlirooue. I t was not a difficult thing to do. He had but t o ' '

~ ) r ~ ( > l : ~ i ~ n Iii~i~s~?lf as flip rcnl Point of Rcvclntin~j. tlic lon:_r cr- 1)el;Lctl Ullc ivlio was to : i p i ~ . : ! ~ - ~ \vhose grentcr g ! , ~ 1 . y ;I 110 '1.11. :

c . :Ijr:>Divinity in the. time ,to come the Dab had at first propheiied. As , .

- . c . ... ' - .all::the S-bis.. agi&q,:.the, eign ,, of Hi~:&hbm :.,God shall mani- ' . !. . , . '~:'f~~t,'.',~wLo~Pi.as to:,pirfect,and., com$leta the-~abi.religion, w;ls the . . . . . ,. ., . . :revelation of verses. This was a very easy miracle, and so in the . . . . . . .

. . year 1866 or 1867,. a t . Adrianople, whither tlie Bnbi exiles liatl .

.. been removed. becjuse.of tho strife and .disorders they had croated .. I : .

while a t Baghdad, Beha'u'llah f L revealed ''; eund~y signs iu elo- . ' ' ..

.. , quest Arabic w d Per+: wllereiq .kc fiummqued all tlle Babis.to . !:.,, 2,;.

. . . . . - aclrriiimledge llim their;:4upreplo: yid,,sole; chief and' spiritual . :-il;" . . - guide. Behn'u'llsh'was' to.'be re&rsd: as:tlle final Point or Goal '- '- - -

- of Revelation,. to whom. Jl tho verses' and prophecies of tlio Bab . ,,

:,: : lad poistcd; :dnd the Bnb ~ a i , ~ o .logger 'to. be: looked upon as a ..... 'veritable manifestation of . the 'Divine.,.but- as a .mere precursor of

.: ... ' thg,more . perfect theoplinny of Belis'~'llah.~;.$ubh-i-hl, \vlio 1i;ctL . ..I . \' . . .I:.:. -been ,th&;rppointed sqccessor. sndfqr:?? many. hat1 beell re- . , ' .:''.':K;, i';..!.. '

.vered'bi their riuthoritstii8' tebchiir 'ind:,,iic?aination of hczvenly I . - . . . . . . . . .'

... wisdom.-and .virtue, was to be branded as the " First I d c l t o r 01

Denial " of t l ~ c Ncw, Dispe~lsation. . . . . . .

. . . . ...... ...,- : . .T~ig;pr~cla,mati~n shoolc the,Babi church to its cci i t rc :LIIII the

% , '.--:. .. ,. . . . . .... I .,!,.,:, - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i t i e s , ; ; . ~ ~ ~ ~ j , r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n d ~ ~ , , : b $ . ~ t L e :. . . . . . ; ...... ;xnqsti,.bitter of schisms. - . . . . . .. : .... z,~, . . . . . .:. . . , :The imajority,'of-, tho'. ~ ~ b i ~ ; ~ ~ ~ e s ~ ~ c / i l ~ ~ ~ t f i ~ ~ ~ ~ o u n ~ e ; accepted. Be- ; .:,<; . . . . ,; .'>,Zi. 8 .;. -, ........ . *' ,,. . 3 : . . '..*' ..... ;. , .; - : , , ~ ; ~ , ~ , , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ l ( ~ h ~ , t l i p i r ~ . ~ r ~ t ~ r ~ ~ ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ F p l d P ~ l e ~ d e i ~ ~ ~ ~ m h ~ l ~ a d bgqj:per;=;:<;!. 1.: .* . . . . . ,.y;;<v4.

. . .-':;y...'.ipi$d .fi-,ie&ls i f the,B;rb aiid hid.e*p9+g' tbeir' lives in LiQ'lehalf, ;::' ...: .. I. ?.,

. . . . ' - ' ~ : ~ : . ~ t ~ ~ ~ - . ~ t ~ ~ ~ h i ~ . ... _ . . .by his;; . . nominee,7the; . . . gentIQ.vieionrrry Subh-i-Ezel. :.! ......... --. -:i . ,

. . : .-. ~ . < i ; ; ; ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ j ~ o ~ e , ~ o n e , . & . they .&opped.&lsay; yic$iy:of ;the-uuscrupulo~~s~~- +.:.., I,. -.. ~ . L ' . ~ . r . . . . .. -'x..... .. . . . v i i l e ~ c c b t ; t ~ c i r ~ ~ ~ i i v a l s ~ ~ . : . T ~ v o : ; . o ' f * i t ~ e i ~ ~ t t c ~ ~ ~ , o f : .4beLiving,. tlie :,rgi+ . . . . . . . . . . . . .*-. . ... . ... -::;.or!ginaf .apostlei,ywer~: bs~si'@$t~fl,:6i+:$t:~ibriz, tlie ,other at ..::".:ifr;: .> .

.... Rerbels. .At. Adrianople andl Acre half. a 'dozcn more of the . "

. . . . ..... . .-. ., . . ' . ,

. *,--<;* . * - . ",:.>?

. ., . . . . ..:. .~';$~::{c$& ... . . . . . . . . ! .. .,. , . - . ;...;;..:..:.;%.,.;$ -. . .2.*

. . . . ........... ,:, ,: '.iV. :., *< . . . . . . . . . BaBism and the Bab. '

!+.... 2>,, r e .

ecember, . . . . Z;ir-%$2 , . t;.

elder leaders, who ntood by Ezel, Were ntabbed or poisoned by the : :;.';;$, . . . . : ... followers of Beha. From sixteen to. twenty of the older

..,-. ?&.' 4": , rverc, thus .reoro,red;: .mid.-it . . . . . . . .i~;:charg9d~~id;the-e-111asht-~i~ht~3tha($~~~&~ . . . . . . . . Belia'u'lhh ivcn;:. bade.: an: :attempt (which . . m l s c a r r i e d - ~ n l ~ ~ ~ i b ~ ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ + ~ ~ ~ . . . : L : L . I '

accident) to poison his halfibrother. : .As on incarnation .of ;,the :,.k?;-9::d+-A;

Supreme, had lie not an ..entire; right. to do.ahatever he judged "$:: -33 . Lest to establish the true religion on tlie esrtlr ? Wbat is,the..,. :.;---,;.,

. ;,.:.:;-.b- Co:istituti@b .betiveen: friends ?!; said tbe:Jersey. ju.dge. :?:~~bit' .$p>;k;ii . . ;. &. . ".;:, :.& .I.-. . I

mortal life or human morality *hen the'8lrniglity ~*,vgiver,.in&i.::;;$iiz Revtaler of trt1th.i~ present-iu the flesh ant1 rebelliods rnortd$.+k'f?" , . , ;-;-.;; !.? :>,:? . oppose Lirn ? Somcthing of this sort seems to hnvo bceri tha;:.!~; :I?: reasoning of " tlie Most Holy and Splendid Dawn, tlie Sugrerne '?.::'. '' . . I . . , . . . . I . " I L was not proved that 11c urtli.rtrtl tllc! nss:~ssinntions ; but be was evitlently gr,atified by their occurrence pud said y t , , , :,,:r?F::c

. . -.... . . . . -. , . . . . . word. ta:pmycnt them;. . , .. ; ; _ C: ... i :,:: . : . . . . .- ;,... ,I :-.$. .,=: y: V& ,:, v.. .... I . : ' !..? ......-... -,,..,; r.:. ,=:i:?.?.;j.;\;.*.=?: ..... . -G,L.F-.,. xl-=<::!

At- a;$% ratb;:;if- tllk'end .justifies the means, the: m e ~ ~ ; o : r n ~ ~ ~ - ..,. tG :, :..G:~G<?<': ....;r22jf;f;iii2

apprpf9d: bjr;.fi+jic tory ichieigd&: he ksassinations wag' <:rp~;;i'7SW~~& oess. The weak Subh-i-Ezel was deserted. The great ini;j~rityii,.;::,;j;~:j

<.< .......... joincdBchaJs party. , T11e Turkish government, to put a stop,, tqi;5;$gj,F$ the ' mratigling and disorders, exiled Subh-i-Ezel to li'amagustd $;; :.k+>,:

. "i'..-< ;.. in Cyprus, .where he: still lives .in obscurity. neha was scrit:io?o-.$!;zy:?!i:: . -:.. . +.

~ c r 6 , . vherii : h ~ ~ . pba~efu l l~ . pas!cd . 'qyny i n 1892. . ~ , e f 6 i e - ? : l i i i i : l . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ? .. ....-. . . . .5-@ Z,W. - &,:$

: 'death., he. h d . ..:worked' :n mo~nentiius . . . .rev01 ution iu':Babism: . . . & & ~ & ~ c - + ~ ~ : : . - -. hi.. C :;.. soon as he.;& established :in his nutl~ority, lie began t o e ~ c r o i ~ , . , ~ : ; ~ : ~ ; ~ ~ ~ , ; tlic. privil6ge..,vhich d l . the 13abis;. recognized.- as .belonging'@,\tllo..:.. ... ..lr,y- , . >:.!,&; >. -: . r . , i- . ,

-:I..,..:< - .." :,: ;;'-z.;..,;; final. point, of Revelation;. to nbrogato, clianga,.d~velo~ +btl:ieper: ..-,- ::-*, -,.,_,..:.... .. scde the' earlier revelations. .. He'discdiraged the visionarj spe&G'~.::.s-~~.*.- ..<*,:.I ........ Iations of his: followcrai: mpde. . the . religion. more.'rnoral . . and lksF:- ,b,,,...2d :';.;:,.?:;i -:

.... :..: .:; .?$: metaph~ i i ca l~u lr l~ j~~ l i ihed . miny uselesg: ..-. id ..impTRGtioF!~f$g~;~, .-.-.L-,$~.$ ,>, ? . G &. w..::.:t-a-., lotions ; cspccinlly he d id . . e~e l .~ th in~ he coulil to cokiiliiitb th6. .:(.,

Y;'., tornporal autlorities,.'even.-the Shah of Persia, whom tl1.e oldev ........

1:irLis wcrc accusto~ned to curse as tlie Nero of their faith. B e .,.: lieving . . , - -, ,t&atr$ho>;ncw.faith. . . . . . . , . . . . . . could;: gr;l.uvp..letter. by-ilssiinilatilig; tllo_*!.-5::>;c;:-;

.. .: .. ~le&&fits;$readj;e~tr~figed .fiso& tlib: ~ r t ~ l ~ d o x ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ i 1 r 9 ~ ~ ~ - ' ~ ' : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . . . . . . ... ;,..I.-,..

lie strove sti,&lily t%diliini?h tl&.ritio. i f : ~~uhammadnn~t l~ougl~t '2,- .... .. :,..:- ,, ...=..'.?' (...*. , : . - . . it.!,:ind:<to;;@& . . . . . . . i, b&r:uodg&t5ilding :,Yith,i th;thd chiiit,@ii'-'-. ., .+.~+fi,'Z~

a'..;.- A:,:

J e ~ ~ n $ , Z o l o o s t r i a ' n s . . ~ ~ n ~ ~ h o r t ; he tried ... t r $ m a l t ~ ~ a b i s m : ~ c ~ ~ ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . -' :'-',:;: .'... +:.? . .*,: ... .... ..k.Y- ;:.:

forth inbrcibf. +u~iy&-~iil:;spste~; yitable,b. to; all.*:~nblcind;: imnolrind;l,Tl~e:,..~;.;:~~~ ..*: ' :. , .. , :! ,.,b, ;::;, ,':bi-olde+!~abi icdptur~i~an~: .bpi~t les ,~ ....... it4 their nigqilop~~&t'iliap;;;~;.;;TI'31q .,, . . eodias,, '£6~~<~$stikiar$.',0nd;;. wild: visions ' ~ ( f t h ~ ' : : r ' q t ~ l ~ ~ :;df tqq;i.T.-Kci?;..?' . , ..I

;: Itnam-Mal'iili andthk'karvdi of tho ncw age, he alloivkd to fdk" '- .;:,!.!

illto innocuous desuetude. . . . The earlier history of tho origin, . . and , c . . 7 . . . . : ' 1. -.g:y:" ..,,, , . .!. ;;;, $iF!. ,

. . . . . . . . . ......#... .UP'.<. ;. :*. '.

. - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * . .

. - .. * , ,

1897.1 . : ' ' ~ ~ b i s m . : a n d . tlre Bab: 745.

rise of the Bab and his church was written over in an e~itircly . new vein ; the B a b - was reprcsented.;hs a mere. forerunner of

.' . . . . ' ,Beha ; . Subhii-Ezel.was $cscribed ,as st9ow.ard .,an'd.:fugitive ; !is . . ,, ' . :,

- : .. ., . . . . . . I . . ?_.( :;... earlier~:friedds""l~~az&Li&dd~f &id.?!. i . ~ ~ & I!: 'r "%;; * , - i ,; !. . .

' - were.l,'craftily depyeeiafed; : ; kd ' J3eli$usiiah'.'&d his: Neo-Babi :A

doctrihes were profuscly glori86d, aud every expression of detes-. , tation of tlie Shah'which 'mibht iuterferc with Bclia'e new policy

. ' . . . . . . . . of. conciliating:-the-; goviir~mept- . . . . . as ,e l imimted .{ ; i .~~e ..effort to :;,, , . -;:;, ~netamorphose::thu$: radically the whole .&cord a£ Bibism fortti- . . . . . . . liately failed tliroagh the. fact that: maoy o f ~ t b e errlgdocun~ents; liad , previously. into: European hands ; but the effort to . , - '

establish pacific relations with the Persinn governlnent proved si!(:c!essful, :in(I f o r t 1 1 i 1 . t ~ ytsars the lhl,is I ! ; I Y ~ ~ I t a . , . 1 ~ fl.#.t: i1~~b111 public yel.secution ; Ly a secrel rropagiinda they h;~vr: so +lit~,ctl

;'.their: . doctrines' . t h a t their'-numbere, . . :?re. now ....... estimated? at half a ..: ..:. .. ,. . . . . . . .: . . . . . . . . a millio& 6;. ....... r. ' .> ...; !.. .;.a :". . .:.-..-, . : . . . . ... . .

. . . . ? ' J . . . . . . . . . .

- . * . , . .

I: ' . L:.;We' . . $&+:.briefly consider! thwh'&bi: likratuh; ' :,The. w r i t . . ;:. -.::;; ings of the n a b are extremely voluminous; one of his followers claimed that he wrote not less than a .million, verses. In general

'

. . . : ' they are cilled the Beybn, or Exposition, althblugh in a niorc spe-' ': '.

cia1 sensc this term is applied only to such. compositions as havo - .

.. . : ! . the' form..o£.. Arabic. :.verse, a form-;considered:,preEniincntly .in-;. . I - < . ; : - ; . .... .. . . . . . .

. - , : tlpired. *.;~esidc$ .thb. Arqbic' verses;. there..'aril..tlk Commentaries, . ..... .

o n . tlle 'sura o f Joseph; tho ismil ill ah' Andithe Wa'l-asr, and s '

: 1arger.Commentary;on the-lcuran ; 'the Book of .Recompense, the - . ' .., . . . .

.. 5 . ,Bo~k.~iif;.,Narnas,: the.:Book of Figui.es. and :;+.,large number of: . . : . 1 ., 1 .. Praiers, ~ u ~ p l i c a t i o ~ ~ and miscellaneous'~&~itings. Subh-i-Ezel .,. . _:

wroto 'LThe .Book of Light ",and many other works. hli*, E. G. .' . , ' . . . . . . - : ,;.: . . . . . . Brorn~e,;~,y[!6: ha$:+adel:a.: el$., tl$rbqgl\ _._, . . :study ,of.:,tliese books ,, :

tliui any other Eiwopean, sais they contain " ii6ble':idenls, 'sal)tlt? metaphysical conceptions, and splendid though ill-definccl nspira- tioiis. . . . But they arc so lost in tracltless mazcv of rl~;~l)sody

>, . . !; , . , '' . . and mysticism, so weiglred:down., by trivial .injunctions and im- , . ., ,. :... ..... . . . & .t- 2 ... ... praoticable' .... oidipaqcq] ) . . th'at ; n ~ ~ ~ ~ s u a ~ : - ~ r e ~ d ~ e ~ ~ ' c ~ r i ~ ~ . ..... Lope to; fiid:. . . :; .. j';;::

t i , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - : . . . . ' .. .-. . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .- . ,; r:j- I , . . ,-..-# tl~em.',.. ? * , . .:::i;-> .: -.. -I<,.:, :-..-,,.... -:j :.... ;;.. :::..: . . :... - ;.-.:. .;;: ::, ,: - : A , ~ : ~ . . v '

,. . . . ., *-..;,:i;%,t,:.: ~bb!,l&dcling,~~&tCin~~i.s,:-$hat . .. . ., . .of~.tl~~,,~la~if~stati~ns;~;~ .. . o~t$'iii,?:r .! #..: ..: T..,~.,'. ? .G""' -.,

, : ,.:;.. of; ~ o d : tllerq'ii -no otller-. . - God.:.: Biom: Hi&'all>e+iteiccs. ern&: ' ..'-:&L$::

- " . '.'::nita.i:bit:they ..... & t f e t d i m i n u t i d ~ ~ d . , iinperf&ion . ili- . so doing;; . . . . . . . . 1.: ?)!<::. . . < . , I , . . " P . . ' . . ...... -

a ' * . ~~.bhe.'~prl$~emaua~eq~f~~~~di~iqityl~.~JT, tl$ &~tio$'o£..sei&"~t~i;..1':i :,.3$zr .. 7; ......... ., . . . . a ..- - ,-..,.& s :<" ;:.

. - .: ' '? .-:- ':C.Cbl&+ .,;( - ~ $ ' ~ ~ ~ ~ r ~ ~ ~ : f ~ ~ c ~ , i . . . . . . . . . . . fi$wif;:.&ilj$ ~ ~ t i o n , , i ~ ~ o n ~ ~ s c ~ l o n ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o r y :I , . ,?"::,.;: 2 . . . . , .,V? .:,

and &&lktion:-. .Ir;. tho ~yrnphtlietio strea&.::tllit,$asses bdtween : , , ,.::'.:;

the Infinite slid the. finite, God aliows his living nature by his. . . . . . . . .: , . . . . .::. : . - . . . VOL. VI. .-- ~0.24. ..'. 49 .. . . . > -. !; , . q . L

.A : :.,iLS>-% . . .. ;.;<&.<..?.:%$j

..... .:: :;,,~*$.!2;;!

. . . i . .- . .. -,,;+: .,& . :,: *--*-.- ,;: 3.: ..I.,*,$%$

Babiam ' hnd tlre Bab. [Decemb&,. 9 .o;. : wLIA<:.. .d., ,s+&4 2;. .? '..*:LA,.- - .......

continued relations with his crcntures. All the &at pmpheh ..::;$:. 2 and sages are words of God ; they come. from him more really. ;. 752$i~! "~(. .,J.-.y-'. and -return: to:binv..more directly .than,;otber men.. A s men: 'criii ::~:;:.I~T,! 'I::,. ? - . -=,. i; . -, Y .'. . ;r 3 not know the 'eternbl csse&.>f God;but b n l y the k~nifesti~on:?;;.$~6$: of tlre Divine Will, there occur fro41 time.. to tilue incarn'atio&s j$;t+,?,j~2 of the Primal will. ' Abrallam, Moses,. Jesus, Mohammad; kerb ;j:;:<,ir..:<<i: ;

i..... -' ,:-.-t,

all such intermediaries between G o d And min. . Each was sue-::;",.?:' ; , -., :;c. cessivelj moi-e'.f~ll :of truth . and:gre~ ;than in: his. predecessor,, :pqfl~;;[&>~$$~~, reveded sufficient fop thc time. - All tKcse ~ h e o ~ h a n i i i a r e ideu;.%,;.5:<:p

.,. ,, ??*.;'i tical in their essence, and differ .only..in circumstanco,~..just as,,: . ::i,iL,:.2

tlie sun which shines to-day is the same as the sun which shoib ; ,';ifz;&;i.-'

ycstcrrl:~~. Tlro periods when tliesc great prophets or Imams' . ..? :":.. . ll~it:.i.sll :ires the Theoph:~~iic 1':1ys, :111(1 Oi(! j)~riods between are the. periods of:~Occultation. But even in this night, tho last, :

A. ..- .? ...... ~evcaler : still li&'.in concealment and com~unicstes with: his .f~l;;~$;:.;~~-$;jf; lowers bg.certiin.Gates: ::When tlie Iicvealer, is aboutto rcincliri~:.:.~~~+<<:~~?~~,:; nit& b ibe l f hgain;:this;.great &vent' 'is:,,pre(teded by n & m ~ ~ ~ . ! o f . ~ ; ~ ~ ~ ? ? ~ : ~ r r ~ ~ .>a+ ,+4 ~,%,,*-,;+: . . : .... prophetic Gates. or Channels. of communication. .. .,. . -... .>., .- .- .?.... ...*%,? .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

After these new. Gates or seers appear, and schisms and, ~er~!,~::ji;~;<i$; otlhcr signs are observed,. then the Heaven of. Wi1l;th'e. Proof df~+~;~' i . :?~~>,~; God,:mnnifests )limself.:..Coupled with this doctrinenis:a. . . . . . &urioui..:':,i~l~Ii~,f

:z!;+, ;:::: b:elief. called $bat, of " the '~cturri.?;: I n the first Vahid.0;. . iectii;ni.:;;;.:. ;., :.>:,I >..,., ::,:.; '.'?

. of . nineteen iu thQ.Bey jn it is:, asserted t],jf . ~ ~ h ~ & & b ? ::??':'~:::~$ ::..? >;, , ., . r.., tho great prophet, ~ a t i m a , his dmgl~tcr, the twelve Imams .&14.:."j:::';~f'~~~~i' . . . :....-. .; ...

the PourGates (wl~o~followed the -Twelfth 1mam)l~svi .r&urned;:r:':;~;:%j.~.$ yz .,... ,..: , z ... . to the' life. .of -the: world. with such ixs belieicd; in themC.:-,.~~..t~ia ... :;: ,:; :.::.;2?2: . . . . e

............ second Vallid, iE is taught that by tbe ~esurre&ion:.is mgintfie:"-:::i::;.t.li new Manifestation; by the Questioning of the Tomb,,,the tidings::.:,,,>;:,.,;.. : of i t? brought .by. its ' l~~:csscngers. to .tlibse; klio slumb6il;:in .. ?-. - ;;no- 0. . . .-. .':~"~i~i'::~'i :: ,.,.*. ;;.. rrulce ; by the Raising of the Dcad, the &valiening: i f thoaa who' . . . . . .'""."' lie thus dead in. iguorancc, and so on ; t h e idbas wliich prevail of :':: ,. ' ;: : ir corporeal resurrection, a n~nteri:ll lleavc~l and .hell, and the -lilt(! are mcre ..figment$. of . the-.:imagination.:. . Haji Mirza Jnni, . tlie:i;;.::.&.,:c: . .

. ' ~ a b i . historian, &llohad 'bekn n ~~er sonn l friend .and fbllower 'of::;.,<.::-. :,'::?,: .:.. ..*'i.. *

. the Bab; declares tlrat, this doctrino of.-the Returq 'means . tieither .) .: ..-.;:..:::.* . . . :, . . ,... ....#.?.>.

i n c a m a t i ~ o q l ~ : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t i o ~ n n ~ r ' ~ . ~ n s ~ i ~ i ~ i s t i o ~ ! . ':But: &e.admits ,that . . . : . . :-.-..:::i::::j ...,>. ! . a

. L ! none knoiveth it.:inve tl~osa nbo:.lgve re turue~;~! . : and, i f . i t is. .:!. ...... .,: ..::;:>:! ..,... -.:

. n o t suhstnn tid1y.a doctrine o f &l-tmn~higri\ti6~ it ib"difficu1t .to:: I . ;;:;: ........ . ,,. ........ sny wllat i t ie;. Not only initho'~$ostles of the unity, but,blso,,ili;~: ',:-:. ,;:!ki the ,hq$~m, . . . . . . ?f:ili' tile; faithful, according to. th6i~. 'respectiyo . . . . . . . . ~ ~ I ~ c c M ; ? .....-,,. ,.. :::,I);$!$$ :

\ .,:. :!:.'., and missions, does this coimunicatio~i of. 'tho'divine and .reincar*!. . . .::..i: ":%;I

nation of tllo great of the past. occur. When one of them:.was . . . . .-.-.. -'::<.-':!; -,, . . . . , .

, . .

. i , - . . . .

' , . . . : . . . . . . " ( ' . . . . . . .- .. 1 8 9 ] . ' ,. , ~ a d s m ' and the Bab. 747

found fulfilling a certain r81e which recalled that of some holy saint preceding him;. it waa said:.among tlie Babis, '& That. is the

. . Imrm+tiua, or Ali>oc\ J!**, Cbiipt,;kt~ped.!! ..-;"I'i , ; Alt4ougll the ... .?, ,,,:;*. .. , ..:.:I+ ::-, - ... &his iconstaritly .:@ffii9:thei*.' fi&]it,"'~.'thk; &ctrmo::of. Diiiiw-. :I:,;:. ' .':;,, . ' 8

unit+, i t is- blain ' that .G 'have ' ],ere :,very.. pateit germs of o . .- , ' ,

luxuriant polytheism, and if the.rcligio6 goel on me ;hall onc day ,

have personal cults, symbols and tcmplea. Is it, after all, the ..long smothered spir tf :ancient paganism..that ie ~easserting itself, , . . . . . - ~1'

so. s,tr&ngely ~ g a i i s t tb6 'hi hiire: and'.-hiid:imd:;i'otheism of Isla& . . ' . . . . . . . which had been ilnposed upon i t by 'fdicc bf*.arm$'?. : A second peculiar'doctrine of -Babi&n is.'the shred character

of-the number 19. As the word ahyy, " he who givcs life," has .

19 for its na~ncricql ecl1~i\.nlr.nt, this. i t \\Ins ~l.;;lli.fl, is the 11i\.int. xluu~bcr. As tlie world is o~lly a tlivine'cmanatio~~ ui~tL r~.it.,

'-. tliese same principles bf life,-this number.:19 ia.found a t tho basis . . . - ...

. - . of al l things rightly oiganized. over the whole.world this nom- . .I.::

;. . . . .-ber should reign,: ..Accordingly:tbe Bab.-ordered:-.his followers to .- :. . zi:.. . :.:+.., reconstitute all divisions of t h e and' bate 'Lccording to the sacred number. In the Babi year there were to be 19 months ; . . . . and every montli s h o ~ ~ l d have 19 days, every day 19 hours, ant1 .. : ... ."'

. every hour 19 minutes. All, measures of . length and weight . . - ._ ... . , were 'also: rcyolutionized .by a divisioii.:into:19. In tlie courts, , ., . ,la.,: - .,. the' timples and the .ecclcsiastical~ org<nizitions, everything ,was - : - :. .... ,' to bo regulated by thi ' samo 'nhne6ical' cycle; Naturally, there-

..:i..foro,the Apostles, or ,('.Lettc& of th~:Living, '~as the Bab poeti- .... :: .. . . .: ........ .

.... .:,!. .cally'j.called ' t11em;':wet;g eikhtkn,: ,bho, %th t h e Bab, constitut;e . . . . , ... . .. . . . i&ii"the -incied &umber, I t is worthy'bf..'notice that, although

. :- the Bab is the Point, the Diviue Manifestation, yet it is not in . . . .,' . .

.., . . . . ' .hi~u, by :himself,,that; thisyvirtui is ,he14 'to. . . . . . . . be.:seated, but in that . . ,.-. . . . " Divine "Unity 'k6rrn;d''by this inspired college of '19. ' Hence.

when tlie Bab was put tp death, the divine .cviudo~~r : L I I ~ aotliol.ity wliicli residcd in him, constitutiug l!im the Point of I:crc:li~i.io~~. did not ccase to, be, but joined .itself to the activity residiog iu the

, ,.- . . . . .'I

: :..; . .%it ... @f , tho . ,.. ~ ~ c r & d $ i ~ & i o ; ~ ~ n F the si&niof ..th$'Godhead appeared -':.,:,T-, . . 1. ..;.-'.'i&'the. neit;, iii' di'iiity .among the':hcrcd-'l;etters. ;A t ' th i last .. e i.

.. ..<...p;:.:.:' ..... * .; .,.. ;t,.j:<. . . . . . . .. ::.. ,:T;-,L.~ ;~~dgm&,~ the . PiiGt ;of,~RDvelqtio~ is. ti,prd+idb;r: !, All, thS,:h"~~:;::;~..:r.;':;~r:. . , ..".-.:>..> ... . . . . . ! .. .; .... ..?:+-?#:'r

.,:;; in, recompe~se. for tlieif.vii$&e,--bi~~,'h<+i';giioiito. them the full. ' r , ,.; . I .: . -5, ... ;re';ilation 'of trutli ;: thns p r ~ ~ ~ r e i l , ~ t l ~ c ~ w i ~ be Gited with God, . 1 ,'.; :,"!

...., ..: . . - ' . ,-.+.;. i;:;;,iq liv~:cte~nn~l~.wit~'~lirn participating i6: a11 .big- pcifcctiox.tin~i ;.:+,$S\:.-:: . . . . . . . .

, .. I . . . . ,.. -?..Z :? .- ..;i~~f,$:~npp~iara~. r ick id yill.b aqnihil&ed.;::.~ . :? /,:.:.: . ,. - ..: q>gi . .h ..,. :. \,,. . - , ,- :.<;, ,I:-> * ...,... . .;:o n .. the:&jrtlj; .&&'.th& B;tli' faith'.&i&it6 its-' &in, there '. : ::=?$ .;

be dstablished a faitli.at once rnon'archical, theocratic and deruo- .- .:.;.: . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . * . . . . . . . . . .. ..... . ., ,

1. . .

,z:~..;; .::Z?$f . .: -3.: +:.. :r.;:. 4'.! .. ::<

. , .:,. .-..:< . . . . . . . . . . : : . , . . ..,";;iq;:I; . . . . . 9 %<$

~ a b i s i ' and the Bab. peccmber 9:. ..- :z+c - - :. :;it.j .*., .. ,*. - .:i . cratic. On tho placcs wllcrc the 13abi lcailcrs dicd as martyrs, .... ::, . <,

. .! .... .:.,:: the holiest sanctuaries will bc built. In the temples, thcrc \viU :. !..<:+;:, . .

- . be..ernployedi the::m.ost~-ipreci~usmaterials ..._- . . . . . . . . apdrichcst stuffg..an4i:c.):-~-~~'*', .,..,.. ,, r. .&-.a .; .. eve;.y Lind'bf' h b d y 'dG6ration;;wit'li l d t y .thr0~i~'f&.thi~.~~r1~~~~1'-i';:'i~~~

. r The faithful will he;e tdisiani,'- star-shaped 'imulet* i ~ y w h j ~ h *..,>*34 ~ ~ ; ~ , : ~ ~ ; -..,

they can put entire.confidencc. I n the Babi state, when it. :;j;.:.. ;.. ,-.. :.,. be set up, the unbelievers who reject the Bab'will have no legal . , ' :

rights. ' A l l their psoperty.~npiriShtly b e . . . . . . talqen from, _ them,, ... 4@i.c~$3&t ... 'k >,. .."2 five provinces, at tlio very beutbf the Persian. empire, ire t&nbd:g::Fi;, in khich they arc not even.. to be allowed to -reside. ~ l ; e s 'i$' ' 'Z2 '3: ;

.. ...- :- ... tow1 or yrovince.of the unbelievers is conquered, one fifth of theov.. . ..'.,.? . :.Tzii'

5: s1)oils belongs to the I-Iead of the Church ; tlien the warriors are. . ..:--:"... ta, . . I . # \ \ * . : t i tiluy nced, and the rest is giv*:l\ 1 1 8 t111! 1)oor; but tllc lives of the unbelievers ,rue ~ i o t to be taltuu simply LCLause of

. . . . . . . . . . . . . unbelief. . . ..- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i. .-. ., , - , :,: ,,.;.,4 ,-.!;;:;:;;.$;i:;+;:?

. . . -, . . . . . . .<, . :... .-y*'';> "ii: The Dabis necd.not engage in public prayer, ,except ',upod ',ip&~:~+;$~.<$~ ... :-J;c#A.:-;:,

,*-.. l , \ :, :,<::.:: cially solcrn~~':~~~asi~ns,~and t l , i ablutions and the doctrinc~~.bf~.:~~:: . : ,-,.:~~:..i~: cerelnonial im'hirit? .:if -wllich the Moslems malce so much i i e - "- ,:+-';

. . . entirely, abrogated, since they give Godneither pain nor plea~ure;::,,,.,.;;:~:~?;~

. These two reforms would remove ..very great io~irces .of. nstional'j:.'~~:~j!'!~<~? and religionsfrictionjldnd bo a genuinc service. (say: th~se.~~l~o~~;.f~~.$~~.~ lcnonr thc,.East): . . . $6 Oriental society. ' ,:.To :the : governmen!;;. I, cerA$ii'$:2~?

$;:+>I.,,$:?

tain:tax,.or per cent, on eve.rymisl~al~bf gold o r silvii i&dub:,21f~kLi:,;.$~: . olle pays, je fulfl]$ bib duty. .If he does not, he & & . b e YS;:?;.:?:

. . '7 . . .,-".,:: . constrained, .but .: tlio. punishbent. should. ..b8.. left .to. Godi " _Tlie;;;::i':.!j:+::i:i5

., ! . . . . . < .. , . ,.... pennlties .'.and 'chastisementi. allomid by. Babism: are . very.j..mgd.;.';j4;-;$?% '.. , .... :'

. . . - a , , , . .." . The. death: .pe;;'alt;. .is ,never mentioded.:': Torture and': blows.:ae:... .-:.::;$: .. ;

. . formally The legal penaltiis i re of . two liinds. The. - ., , , 4:; - . ;..:,: . ' first is a fin&,:$ioeteib. times .tllc: injury, or kppo high+: multiple'bf~~~j.: . :~:'~:! . ;,,. .,-'... ni~~t:~cull, accoF?ini:to the G v i t y of tile case; ~ l i i 'iecdnd I;i'd.-":'iy''t o f penalty con'sists in- interdictiou of conjugal indulgences for a . . .

111111lber of cli~ys.or months, nccorclilig to tlic gravity of the trans- ..: ? ...

. . . . .... glession .... ~:~FoF~exam~1c,~. if . v a man stri1ses.a child he is proFibitetl z,::.+::5s :, . . .. -.

; . .from approaching his wife f6r:ninoty. daykil ,-.Begging,so. i$mmoni:;:.~'..:i~' '-' ' .'.. . ,. , . I . . 8 ' ' L."..,;. ; .. . . . ..(:.L&...

- . in-:the.,Xgst '&d,,i*egn,1.ded ,as, r?tlier .meritorious than. iiivolvings .. ..-; .:.'- ,: ;.

an$dii2race,.i9 ,. :I.:, .- ;.. Bt~jitly:forbiddi$ ~ v e r j t h i r ~ : b~ i l~ r i~s : , 6 ~~d,l/;l::>~,,,;, . . ,;:,$;, -#,2$ *a,+,

and the .rich'hold; their wealth ;only ih:,trust fir Ilih a*d,musC: .-: . .-;.I?: .,..

. , . giuc' libekslly 'to t11; causo.of rcljgipn. ;nd ta., thoSe . . . . . .whd:ilavei ...... n'ot:'::~':':;~:~~:.-? - , ,:..-.:- . .,'-. . . . - . . . . ; ... ;,.:e,{oou&]l ;:.*,':.:.' . . , . :,, .... . ' ;,:;,; ,:..:$"-. -7': .. ;, , . . , I , , v . , . . ,,,{i ... .;;.:;.:;;.:.;::"::i . . ':I ;: -:. . 9.. ., .;t-...;;;: -,.-<--; "-s7 ! ..... . . r . .

. . . . . . 0 . .. ..,,:,, ,..;.; .: - , , . . . . . . . . . ........ , -:.;.*,,,!-. .,.:,; :: .,.'';.<.. ;,. , - , >.-'2. ,..:.,r:?. ;i:i . . . . ... The Bab 'enoduragedr eomherce . and.r~oo~mende~t~n~uilIlty~~:.:~~;~~.~1~ .. , .-,.d ;$,-..ii<..~ of mind, affectidnixto relations and an extreme piditiness.i+. DIS+*. i.~:?:!

:, 1

cussion should be avoided. The boolcs of the faith are to be dili::L... *:'..,.,:.-: . 2L .. ....:.: ..: ?.s 1. jl , . . . . .

_,. . -. ,. - . . . . . . : . ,*, -7, ,..;:,.- . .- ... ,.;7;:',;; ', ... . . ? . . , . b-:. ',-<,: :,..?.

gently studied, but writings alien to the Babi doctrine S ~ O I I ~ ~ be avoided and even destroyed. Asceticism is reproved. The 13abis

- .: :; abpuldibot fear,, thatrwbich gi+err-:.ple@ure;i':._ Rich; clothes, silken . . .;:-. .. . . , ,. ....,, 7 .,., . ,..,. 2 -, , :. ;-;;: :. L i 7 .,.,..'I' '

- :, gods, e r n b r ~ l d e ~ e ~ i h d l j ~ w e ~ " & t dnly.bai,L,;i i ' s h t to be pro- cured and enjoyed'by thiilfaithful, &~dink. to. the measure of

'

their resources.. .Especially a t weddings should those who are able, adorn theinselves richly; but, if they are not able, they

. . should not: 'mo~n,..fo& their. Lord,: at: the- Last . .. Judgment, will . . : bestow, on .his faithful serva~its .those rewards. : 1 .: . . :, . Tlie Bab' a t t ad id : ektreme itiportanbe to m&iage and to tlie establishment and upholding of tile' family, - that great dcsid- eratunl in Asiatic civilizations. To continue tlie family liirc is :L rcligio~is 1111ty. : I I I I I :~fr~.t . , ~ Ik~r t~ t t y#a:~rs' of : I ~ C t~i:trri;i~t: i < I . ~ . ( Q o I : ~ ~

mended. A second \!ift: is perwitted but not r c c o ~ ~ ~ r ~ ~ i : ~ ~ t l c ~ t . ,.Coiicubinage;a commod'vice 'of the East, is severely interdicted. Tllese were important measures in tlle interest of :woman. But

, . ' . the.Bab did'not-cbntcnt-.hikeelf with :these. :..He-also prohibited

divorce and abrogated tllc use of the veil. -The ' great plagne of . Persian and most Moslem societies is not so much the license thcy

'. '

give to have m6re than one wife, but the freedo; which tile laws of divorce nllow to the husband'to cbange.llis wifeat any moment

..:' and on the-most: fdvolius pretexti;---~he;trai$itor~,natfire of the ;.;::.. : . . , . . . . . . ... . . .

; '1 ..usual mar;iage &is done nll~ch ,.m&e,,.,thep Ijolkal<y:oj concubin- , , age to deprhve-the relations of the sexes and render real marriage '. . ,unioni.imp~ssil?l~:-.:::&lost .women fibmi: tienti-two to twenty-four

. . , .

----par; old, sG4 Gbbin'&au,:have' had:'tvro oG;'th=ee"husba;nds. The ~ a l ' s t r u c k at these disorders by. prohibiting' divorce except in cases of extreme necessity, and thcn only after waiting a year,

- .:/. ,Gdby:inkrdictidg:.tbe covering . . . . :f . : ; . y q + ~ ~ s face. with. the veil, - a custom, Easter;' observers s y, which' gives Qspccial 'nppbr- tunity and encouragement to the most nnp~incipletl illtrigucs. Tliosc who bccnme Babis wclVe to associate togctllcr fl.c:cl!..

.. though discreetly, . . without regard to .sq: . .a t ,the hospitable table . .- . .< - . . ,:'~;$~o~;thb ?ell-to-d@"~bbi . ,.. -iitis-.to . . ,:..".. . . ~ @ ~ i d ~ ~ r n 6 ~ & ~ . . , ns ,+ell. as men

,.:,,f=-. -.yere..to be $ d m i t t ~ d . ~ r . . ~ o ~ . m i ~ l ~ ~ , ' ~ l i d go bn Lot ,.--;.:. ,.- !&.,.. , > > . .. - i, ,;;,:~;~;*;thqi'~& . ..+.. - . 'td; bti:iebb++r~ged~i.8t4~r tt;attendl;ta t h e i i ' ~ , & o m ~ & $ " ~ ~ ~ "

- '::. . khildrkn ;, if .I t h e i eo, on .a. j)ilgri&age, they. are to 'be very 'cartifii , . . . . _ , . ..... ; ',ibiiut: over-fatigue 6 r &nger 6 " thciii: h a l t h i :No: 'child ' ib .. to .. . . ,.C,,.i.-;<I ...- '. .'.. ' . . . . :?

,- - -:.; ;yg;~,,Fecei~$ blow'. . befoi;$ifive. ., year4::of . ;age;,.~$terlthat,'time.it must: "-'i';':~~bt'r~coj~e~.plore tbah'five blp~k'at:ii; timii and.'these.must hot bo

' . . . ..i,.. ... ' dr; tlii b'a&''.iki'n.- parents sh0111d:ileiiii the 'young to laugh, play

games and to do everything which will make them happy. Men . . - . . .

7 : . \ ..;: '.., j! , >,: ... . . . .. .: .,; .l !

. . . . . . . *.:4>.?- , t, ,.! . . . . . . . . . . : . > . . . . . . . . . . . L . . . . . . .

....., - ..+. ,'r;* i:.T..w . ,.,. .. 3:.-.'P-* .. ; ; .>, :>., , $ 7 G y .

... 750

:': i.. .\.. Babbm and the Bab. [December, ' .';!:. i l f : , - --. , . . <.?-it.: \ shol~lcl not drink wine or smoke opium, or wear beards, bnt shave,. .: :<B,*,. - . :,$..~;';:.j:i. , their faccs ; they should never forsalre their own country no^,^-.:,. %.A,., . . . . . . . . ..\ .-. - ." . p,. !< .-,.;:- ..

leave their . . fimilioa to . tnkc - ~ o u i n e y s , ~ ~ o r i ~ p d : n n y ., .-. ., ,b~t~~!<i$$<<~$[~.*,? T . . . . . , :. ;,:.; -,., ,+=r . . '.. books.. . . . . . . , :. . . . . . . . .,.-+,>. ,. -...-,: ;:.7;:; .*+..+;*:; "

Such is, th'aBabi',..utopia. I the sect"co~1d 'oktttiii: such ........ - : 5.1::- . i >- .-<

majority'ss to put i t into pncticc, i t would certainly make a great. , :' .:;;;;: . .

..rpvolution in Persia. ' The Babis have .been nccused .of , bein[;,,,q;..~;~~;~.: :. ... ... <;'* I-?%.,&-;;

Oomm1inists,:6f ,illovving ninthusbands to' dne womah;.bf . 'di ik~~;"~,$~+~~ . . . . . . . - - . .-. ing wine and of indulging in dl sorts of promiscuous lid&e:;$. ::?:.-;; ..B "%;:; ..*-, in . the love feasts to which their womcn come unveiled. . ut..,,::,.. r- ;., .... ..4 the universal testimony of thoso who know them is that, on the '.j.<:??... . .

. - ~~ontrm-y, they are distinguished as a body by an unm~~al ly ' i l i~h . '.

. . ~ . . : ~ ~ c i i l r i l of morality. T l ~ e j arc L C I ~ I ~ J ~ I . : I ~ C , UIILIS~C, piol~s, IIIII.~., self-sacrificing, .and .of. late years, peaceable and- obedient;to:tho,,,,::;- --A,; :;. ,. ::-:,:, :<%$,;.;: laws, a t least outwardly. They still look and ivait .for thbki1;~?+!;$?:!3~~, when.jL'the just 'ahall. inherit the. earth," and they firmly. bdbve? . , ,: . a,.?.k. i C';$?? .:'-

tliitt. ti)&, th6:disbiples .of the Bab, are t h i persons ti &horn: tl~t?.~;:~-~%.i:? final triumph is promiscd. . . . .. ,.., .,. :L:::.;~~, , :..&,

The futuri of the'.B&ist8 it is difficult to predict. ;, 'Jhey:ba+Q . r;i7.!2.:i;>".'i' w - , .- -- .. ", ...r:." . l ........... \+<.: alrnndonc4,tlio. idon of open conflict and adopted the' plnn:.if p:;~i~~~s~2;,:::

. . . . . . . . . . secret .Propaganda which does not even hesitate, iq,case of. n e e ; .. .-Fz~t,.iz.r: :5::&<:;f:-~ ~7

'a &pYing their belief, ind& oath. : ' I t i$ p ~ s s i b l ~ , ~ t h ~ & f ~ ~ e ~ ~ t i ' a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ : - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ~ ~ . . .-; :.F:-z

tlk'$lowing faith!whi'cli courageously confronted the. in04 t .frigl;~<~.~2!+;~;ri. ful torturcs ., rmd . filled. princes with dread of d i r ~ ; ~ ~ n ~ u l s i o n s ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ ; ~ ~ ~ ; ; ~ ~ . . . . .

........_. ^

ui.y, ,like .the;flb&e . of . Anabaptist z e d in Geruia~~y,'c+l'do+to j;c:;$$, . . . tepid respcotability,'~&ciomhodato itpelf t o t h e ~ k ~ d d ' ~ ~ d . s i r n ~ l ' ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . . .

.___ .,: . add .one moreto .tho Inany obscure sects of .the Orient. :: l::: .. .; .:i;:.,: . . ..;-..?. ., . ., .. ,.? ......... - -. . . Oh 'tho . ot$er,:)and, we-. mlist remember :.the. .Neakp&s, . . ; ,.. of. ,.... $So. : . ;P:;:;$>,g' ....... -.

~ e r i i a n . iiokei and t l l i &tivity df these :dreamer's.-of la:new king.. -.,..:.;,,;t;<s dom .of hcsven o p earth. The . unl~esitating faith, tho: burning !, -

cnthnsinarn, tho heroic mnrtyrcloms and the fearless 1oyal'ti:of € 1 1 ~ '' ' '

&his, Lclong to dl nges nnd classes; their devotion ?inspires ....... i . " rospcct:in, the indifleront and.. krilces ppoffuund : tsrrqi .in thoir;:i:_.-:.;!- . . . . .

. ' adver$kri&i." Whin '& 'thil&:of tliiso. thingi'.'fti mill .&thieru ,:;.& -:.:::t:.;+ . . . , i&firo&bl,i ..tl!lLt;~o& d.ly ; tho*'i;..may be'?h ,Masif&statidn .'!,,and . . . . ,:,?2;?:;i:::f<i.i .: . ,

4 :: e ~ p l ~ s i p ~ , , : b o t ] ~ : ~ ioGticd did F~ligiousj.:in. -th& ancieic COUII~I~~::Y!?!:;':, . . ,; . : . . 5::' ..$ &hioh lvill:.&irk piat a! & ~ u h & & d . . . . :in.+ tho ':i;?ii :.>$

. . . . . . . . . . ' I . >-"-: - , ;:.+,.:2, . . . I . :.* .. . . .. . .. : . tipyqnt]! ccbti~ry wro9glit iq.:Atabis and syrii: :, .:. . . . . ; ? . ... r - -. . .L: . . . . , . .'..' ... ;, . -.... . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . ,;,. ?:: ;.,r;;; . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . ,.i;..$*..: .-,., :<..:*

. . . . . . . . . .,.,,,'I *,.. '.>" " ' , . , . . , . . 2; ;;, :;..; . ;.: ,:- .,: - ,,, ,,;' J + I E ~ ~ T ~ ~ ~ : ~ ' B ~ B ~ - ~ ' ' .

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