kyoto protocol mp
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol MP
1/28
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT PRESENTATION
ON
KYOTO PROTOCOL-KEY FEATURES
AND IMPACT ON INDIA
-
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol MP
2/28
Flow of presentation:Flow of presentation:1. Global warming: Causes & effects.
2. Green House gases.
3. Kyoto Protocol a) History
b) Emission Trading
c) Current Scenario
4. Impact on India.5. Position of Countries
6. Analysis
-
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol MP
3/28
-
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol MP
4/28
-
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol MP
5/28
-
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol MP
6/28
Global WarmingGlobal Warming
Weather Disasters
During the 20th century the average global
temperature increased by 0.6 degrees Celsius.
Estimated that by the year 2100 the average global
temperature will increase by 1.4 degrees to 5.8
degrees Celsius.
The global mean sea level has already risen by around
10 to 20 cms. during the past century.
-
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol MP
7/28
-
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol MP
8/28
Greenhouse GasesGreenhouse Gases
They act like a blanket around the earth.
The main is (CO2), most of which comes from burning fuel.The others are (CH4), much of which comes fromagriculture and waste dumps, and (N2O), mostly a result offertilizer use.
Three industrial gases used in various applications, such asrefrigerants, heat conductors and insulators, are also included- they are hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons(PFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).
-
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol MP
9/28
-
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol MP
10/28
Greenhouse EffectGreenhouse Effect
Infra-red radiations emitted upwards by theearth's surface is absorbed by GHGs(Greenhouse Gases).
Human activity is making the GHG blanket"thicker.
Carbon dioxide is by far the most importantgas in the basket.
-
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol MP
11/28
SOURCES OF GREEN HOUSE GASES (GhGs)
CH4 PFCN2O HFCCO2
29%
9%
5%13%
7%
5%4%
10%
4%
14%coal bassed power
generation
steel industry
cement industry
livestock
paddy cultivation
biomass
consumption
synthetic fertilizer
use
transport sector
SHF
-
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol MP
12/28
Kyoto Protocol : HistoryKyoto Protocol : History
The 1987 Montreal Protocol
1992 - United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change
-
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol MP
13/28
Kyoto ProtocolKyoto Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol is a agreement under whichindustrialized countries will reduce their collectiveemissions of greenhouse gases by 5.2% compared to theyear 1990 (but note that, compared to the emissions levelsthat would be expected by 2010 without the Protocol, thistarget represents a 29% cut).
The goal is to lower overall emissions from sixgreenhouse gases - carbon dioxide, methane, nitrousoxide, sulfur hexafluoride, HFCs, and PFCs - calculated as
an average over the five-year period of 2008-12.
National targets range from 8% reductions for theEuropean Union and some others to 7% for the US, 6% forJapan, 0% for Russia, and permitted increases of 8% for
Australia and 10% for Iceland
-
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol MP
14/28
Kyoto Protocol Contd..Kyoto Protocol Contd..
Legally Binding
N
ational goal for emissions to each country
The Protocol offers additional flexibility to
the countries with economies in transition
Flexible Mechanisms Emissions Trading
Clean Development Mechanism
Claim Credits
-
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol MP
15/28
Emission TradingEmission Trading
Entities could sell their unused
allowances to other entities.
Clean Energy" programs and "carbon
dioxide sinks.
Carbon trading projects take place within
some countries
-
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol MP
16/28
-
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol MP
17/28
POSITION OF COUNTRIESPOSITION OF COUNTRIES
European Union:European Union:
The EU produces around 22% of global greenhouse gasemissions, and has agreed to a cut, on average, by 8%from 1990 emission levels .
Quotas were introduced in six key industries: energy, steel,cement, glass, brick making, and paper/cardboard.
Fines for member nations that fail to meet their obligations.
Current EU projections suggest that by 2008 the EU will beat 4.7% below 1990 levels.
-
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol MP
18/28
U.S.AU.S.A
The United States, although a signatory to the protocol, has neitherratified nor withdrawn from the protocol.
The United States has signed the Asia Pacific Partnership on CleanDevelopment and Climate
Grassroots support in the US
RUSSIA:RUSSIA:
Russia - accord was brought. The issue ofRussian ratification wasparticularly closely watched in the international community, as it
was brought into force 90 days afterR
ussian ratification.
INDIA:INDIA:
Signed and ratified the Protocol in August, 2002.
Exempted from the framework of treaty.
-
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol MP
19/28
JAPAN:JAPAN: Japan is struggling to find ways to meet its obligations.
A report this month by the Ministry of Economy, Trade andIndustry showed that 11 of 30 top Japanese industries steeland power among them risked failing to reach targets unlessthey take drastic steps.
AUSTR
ALIA:AUSTR
ALIA: Refused to sign the agreement.
The Australian labour party is in full support of protocol.
-
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol MP
20/28
IMPACT OF KYOTO PROTOCOL ON INDIA.IMPACT OF KYOTO PROTOCOL ON INDIA.
Benefit from transfer of technology.
Additional investments will come into renewable
energy, energy generation and afforestation
projects.
Indias emergence as a big market for carbon credit
projects has prompted EcoSecurities, a developer
and trader of carbon credits, to look at investmentopportunities in such projects through the special
purpose vehicle (SPV) route.
-
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol MP
21/28
Cont..Cont..
Indian companies stand to gain millions of dollars.
a) Tyre cord maker SRF Limited has generated themaximum carbon credits of 3.8 million.
b) ONGC claim 4.8 million carbon credit points forreducing carbon dioxide emissions in five ofits oil fields .
c) ITCs,Sonar Bangala Kolkata had reduced its
energy consumption.The hotel has also broughtdown its carbon dioxide emission levels.
Clean development mechanism will help promotewaste management projects.
-
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol MP
22/28
CR
IT
ICAL A
NALYSIS
India and China exempted from the framework.
Assigns a national target to each country-individual targets were not based on
any rigorous or objective formula.
The Protocol offers additional flexibility to the countries with economies in
transition.
Monitoring should be continuous .
.
-
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol MP
23/28
ConContt The protocol provides for"flexiblemechanisms" - ways for countries toreach their targets without actuallyreducing emissions at home .
Kyoto forests or plantations toreduce total carbon dioxide output
scientific challenge.
International financial institutionssuch as the World Bank and the
Asian Development Bank must
promote and support technologiesand infrastructural investments inrapidly industrializing nations likeChina, India, Brazil and South Africa.
-
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol MP
24/28
ConContt
There would be no net change in emissions worldwideeven if industrial nations agree to reduce theirgreenhouse gas emissions .
The prospect of the US staying outside the agreementinfluenced a number of other countries including
Australia, Japan, and Canada putting themselves at acompetitive disadvantage with the USA.
-
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol MP
25/28
ConContt
Renewable offer great potential to create and safeguardjobs .A WWF study on biomass identifies an employmentpotential of 170,000-290,000 full-time jobs in the OECDcountries from this renewable energy source alone.
Governments need to reduce the current level of globalsubsidies for fossil fuels.
-
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol MP
26/28
WHY INDIA ANDCHINA AREWHY INDIA ANDCHINA ARE
EXEMPTED??EXEMPTED??
BackSource:UNFCCC
-
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol MP
27/28
References:
References:
www.wikipedia.com
Climate press releases
Beginner_ed(pdf) published by UNEP &UNFCCC
www.enhesapublications_emission trading_2005// www.rediffnews.com
www.greenpeaceinternational.com
http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive
www.globalgreen.org
Business line, Feb 8,2006.
Business Standard,Feb 11,2006. http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050921/asp/business/story_5265135.asp
International Emission Trading Association(IETA).
-
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol MP
28/28
THANKYOUTHANKYOU
QUESTIONSQUESTIONS
oror
SUGGESTIONSSUGGESTIONS
?