K.H.Muthukuda Arachchi

Director General

Central Environmental Authority

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1.1. LegislationsLegislations National Environmental Act No 47 0f 1980 as amended by National Environmental Act No 47 0f 1980 as amended by

No:56 of 1988 and No:53 of 2000 and related regulations

Other Acts and regulations of other Ministries Other Acts and regulations of other Ministries and Institutions(Pesticide Control Act, Atomic and Institutions(Pesticide Control Act, Atomic Energy Authority Act etc.)Energy Authority Act etc.)

2.2. International Conventions International Conventions Basel ConventionBasel Convention Stockholm ConventionStockholm Convention Rotterdam ConventioRotterdam Conventionn

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National Environmental Act No 47 0f 1980 as amended National Environmental Act No 47 0f 1980 as amended by by No:56 of 1988 and No:53 of 2000

Waste Management related Regulations published under the NEA

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• To prevent or minimize the discharges and emissions into the Environment.

⁃ From the prescribed activities in the Gazette No.1533/16

⁃ In compliance with the national discharge and emission standard

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• To develop an approach to Pollution Control though Best Practicable Environmental Options (BPEO)

(Current thinking of BAT and BATANEEC)

⁃ Consider discharge to all media (air, water, land)

⁃ In the context of the effect on the environment as a whole.

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a) Environmental Protection License For activities Prescribed in the Regulation No.

1533/16 dated 25.01.2008 should obtain an Environmental Protection License(EPL) in order to deposit, discharge or emit any waste in to the environment

According to the scale of Pollution these activities are in 3 categories as A,B and C

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The quality of the waste (Waste water, Air Emissions and Noise) generated by these activities

Should conform to the standards stipulated conform to the standards stipulated in the regulation published in the Gazette in the regulation published in the Gazette Extra Ordinary No. 1534/18 of 1Extra Ordinary No. 1534/18 of 1stst February February 20082008

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No. Parameter Unit type of limit

Tolerance Limit values

0102

0304

05

Total suspended solids Particle size of the total suspended solids pH at ambient temperature Biochemical oxygen demand(BOD5 in five days at 200cor BOD3 in three days at 270c).

Temperature of discharge.

mg/1, max. μm , less than

-

mg/1, max

0C, max

50850

6.0 - 8.5

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Shall no exceed 400 C in any section of the stream within 15 m down streamfrom the effluent outlet.

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No. Parameter Unit type of limit

Tolerance Limit values

0607

08

09

1011

Oils and greases. Phenolic compounds (as C6H5OH) Chemical oxygen demand (COD). Colour

Dissolved phosphates (as P)Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (as N)

mg/1, max mg/1, max.

Wavelength

Range

436 nm (Yellow range)525 nm (Red range)620 nm(Blue range)mg/1, max.mg/1, max

10 1

250

Maximum spectral absorption coefficient7m-1

5m-1 3m-1

5150

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No. Parametr Unit type of limit Tolerance Limit values

121314151617181920212223242526

Ammoniacal nitrogen (as N). Cyanide (as CN) Total residual chlorine Flourides (as F) Sulphide (as S)Arsenic (as As) Cadmium (as Cd)Chromium, total (as Cr)Chromium, Hexavalent (as Cr6+) Copper (as Cu) Iron (as Fe) Lead (as Pb) Mercury (as Hg) Nickel (as Ni)Selenium (as Se)

mg/1, max.

mg/l,max

mg/1, max.

mg/1, max.

500.21.02.02.00.20.10.50.13.03.00.10.00053.00.05 12

As per the National Environmental [Protection & Quality] Regulations published in the Gazette Extra Ordinary No 1534/18 dated 01st Feb. 2008,

“ No person shall generate, collect, transport, store, recover, recycle or dispose waste or establish any site or facility for the disposal of any waste specified in the Schedule viii except under the authority of a license issued by the CEA in accordance with such standards and criteria as may be specified by the CEA”

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Elements of legislation

Generator Recycling

DisposalTreatmentStorage

Collection &Transport

Responsibilities

Controls

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Under the Gazette Notification No.1534/18 PART – 1: SCHDULED WASTE FROM NON –

SPECIFIC SOURCES(30 major categories) PART – 11: SCHEDULED WASTE FROM

SPECIFIC SOURCES(28 major categories)

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MAJOR STREAMS OF ORGANIC HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATED IN SRI LANKA 1.Oil waste (liquid)2.Oil waste (semi-solid)3.Solvent waste (non-halogenated)4.Solvent wastes (halogenated)5.Waste paints, lacquers, varnishes, etc6.Waste agrochemicals7.Waste pharmaceuticals8.Wood preservative waste9.PCB, PBB,PCT waste 10.Containers contaminated with organic materials11.Solid waste contaminated with organic materials12.Bitumen associated wastes

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1. Types of Solid Inorganic Hazardous Wastes

• Residues from the packaging • Sludge from physico - chemical treatment

methods• Sludge from filter presses• Blast furnace gas dusts• Cathode residues• Chromium residues etc.

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2. Types of Liquid Inorganic Hazardous Wastes

• Waste streams from ETP’s• Liquids from Tanning industries, Electro

plating industries, Fertilizer industries • Blow downs from cooling towers• Residues from pesticide formulations• Liquid streams from metal industries• Bleaching wastes • Acid and Alkaline wastes from process

and chemical industries etc.

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3. Healthcare Waste

• Pathological and surgical wastes• Experimental animals and cadavers• Drug and chemical residues and

containers • Discarded linen, clothing and bandages• Disposable needles, syringes and surgical

instruments• Contaminated food, equipment and other

wastes

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1. Chemical2. Energy3. Metal sector4. Mineral products5. Petro-chemical sector6. Pulp and paper 7. Rubber8. Tanning 9. Timber wood & coir 10. Textile11. Transport supporting 12. Waste treatment facilities13. Others (NES)14. Industrial Utility Wastes15. Commercial, Institutional & Residential Waste16. Suppliers and Traders

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International Conventions

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ConventionConvention Ratified inRatified in Focal pointFocal point Competent Competent AuthorityAuthority

Basel Basel Convention Convention

1992.08.281992.08.28 Ministry of Ministry of Environment of Environment of Sri LankaSri Lanka

Central Central Environmental Environmental Authority Authority

Rotterdam Rotterdam Convention Convention

2006.01.192006.01.19 Ministry of Ministry of Agriculture Agriculture of of Sri LankaSri Lanka

DNA- DNA- Pesticides- RoPPesticides- RoP

DNA- Ind. DNA- Ind. Chem. -CEAChem. -CEA

Stockholm Stockholm ConventionConvention

2005.12..222005.12..22 Ministry of Ministry of Environment of Environment of Sri LankaSri Lanka

DNA- DNA- Pesticides- RoPPesticides- RoP

DNA- Ind. DNA- Ind. Chem. -CEAChem. -CEA

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1. BASEL CONVENTION

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Objectives Objectives

Control the transboundary movement of Hazardous Control the transboundary movement of Hazardous wastes and their disposal.wastes and their disposal.

Implementation mechanismImplementation mechanismSri Lanka ratified to this convention Sri Lanka ratified to this convention

on28.08.1992on28.08.1992

In order to control the inflow of waste in to the In order to control the inflow of waste in to the country. country. Import requests are considered by Import requests are considered by 2committees2committees

Technical Expert Committee [TEC] to discuss and Technical Expert Committee [TEC] to discuss and

make decisions on Technical make decisions on Technical and Legal Issuesand Legal Issues

National Coordinating Committee [NCC] to take National Coordinating Committee [NCC] to take final decisionsfinal decisions

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1.1. Central Environmental AuthorityCentral Environmental Authority2.2. Ministry of EnvironmentMinistry of Environment3.3. Sri Lanka Customs DepartmentSri Lanka Customs Department4.4. Industrial Technology InstituteIndustrial Technology Institute5.5. UniversitiesUniversities6.6. Ministry of HealthMinistry of Health7.7. Registrar of PesticidesRegistrar of Pesticides8.8. BOIBOI

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There are 2 lists of waste types in the Basal There are 2 lists of waste types in the Basal ConventionConvention

Importing waste in the List “A” of the BC is banned Importing waste in the List “A” of the BC is banned by a decision taken by the Cabinet of Ministers by a decision taken by the Cabinet of Ministers

Internal regulations practiced Importation of hazardous waste in the Basel

Convention lists A and B are regulated by the Regulation No.1813/14 of 05.06.2013 under Imports and Exports (control) Act No.01 of 1969

Importing the waste in the list “B” of the BC is Importing the waste in the list “B” of the BC is granted approvals case by case on the basis through granted approvals case by case on the basis through TEC & NCC TEC & NCC

New industries depend on the post consumer New industries depend on the post consumer

waste materials listed in the list “B” of the BC is waste materials listed in the list “B” of the BC is not allowed not allowed 26

List A waste

A1 Metal and metal -bearing wastes

A2 Wastes containing principally inorganic constituents, which may contain metals and organic materials

A3 Wastes containing principally organic constituents, which may contain metals and inorganic materials

A4 Wastes, which may contain either inorganic or organic constituents

List B waste

Metal and metal-alloy wastes in metallic, on-dispersible form:

Waste of copper and copper alloys in dispersible form, unless they contain Annex I constituents to an extent that they exhibit Annex III characteristics

Zinc ash and residues including zinc alloys residues in dispersible

Form

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Wastes that contain, Wastes from the manufacture, formulation and use of wood-preserving chemicals

consist of or are contaminated with any of the following: Inorganic cyanides, excepting precious-metal-bearing residues in solid form obtaining traces of inorganic cyanides

Precious-metal ash from the incineration of photographic film

Waste photographic film containing silver halides and metallic silver

Granulated slag arising from the manufacture of iron and steel

Slag arising from the manufacture of iron and steel including

slags as a source of TiO2 and vanadium

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2. ROTTERDAM CONVENTION

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ObjectivesObjectives

to promote shared responsibility and to promote shared responsibility and cooperative efforts among Parties in the cooperative efforts among Parties in the international trade of certain hazardous international trade of certain hazardous chemicals in order to protect human health chemicals in order to protect human health and the environment from potential harmand the environment from potential harm

Sri Lanka ratified to this convention in Sri Lanka ratified to this convention in 19.01.200619.01.2006

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Focal Point - Ministry of AgricultureFocal Point - Ministry of Agriculture

Designated National Authorities Designated National Authorities

The CEA - for industrial The CEA - for industrial chemicalschemicals

The Registrar of The Registrar of Pesticides [ROP] – for pesticidesPesticides [ROP] – for pesticides

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Asbestos: (Actinolite , Anthophyllite, Amosite , Crocidolite, Tremolite) 

Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB)

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)

Polychlorinated terphenyls (PCT)

Tetraethyl lead

Tetramethyl lead

Tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate   32

ImplementationImplementation Technical Advisory Committee for the Management of Technical Advisory Committee for the Management of

Industrial Chemicals [TACMIC] in Sri LankaIndustrial Chemicals [TACMIC] in Sri Lanka Established to ensure effective and efficient Established to ensure effective and efficient

implementation of the obligations of the RCimplementation of the obligations of the RC

Composition the TACMIC Composition the TACMIC 1.1. Ministry of Environment Ministry of Environment 2.2. Ministry of Industrial Development Ministry of Industrial Development 3.3. Central Environmental AuthorityCentral Environmental Authority4.4. Sri Lanka Customs DepartmentSri Lanka Customs Department5.5. Department of Import and ExportDepartment of Import and Export6.6. Department of Government AnalystDepartment of Government Analyst7.7. Industrial Technology InstituteIndustrial Technology Institute8.8. UniversitiesUniversities9.9. Ministry of HealthMinistry of Health10.10. Ministry of LabourMinistry of Labour11.11. BOIBOI

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Similarly Pesticides Technical Advisory Similarly Pesticides Technical Advisory Committee established under the provisions Committee established under the provisions of the control of pesticides Act No 33 of of the control of pesticides Act No 33 of 19801980

PIC Procedure implements during the PIC Procedure implements during the international trade of chemicals international trade of chemicals

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3. STOCKHOLM CONVENTION

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Sri Lanka became a signatory to the Sri Lanka became a signatory to the Stockholm convention on Persistent Organic Stockholm convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) on 5Pollutants (POPs) on 5thth Sept,2001 and Sept,2001 and ratified the convention on 22ratified the convention on 22ndnd December December 20052005

Main objective of this convention is toMain objective of this convention is to protect the human health and environment protect the human health and environment

from the POPs chemicals from the POPs chemicals

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PCB HCB Hexabromobiphenyl Hexabromodiphenyl ether Pentachlorobenzene Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, salts and

perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride Tetrabromodiphenyl ether and Penta

bromodiphenyl ether

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Stakeholders of POPs Management in Sri Stakeholders of POPs Management in Sri LankaLanka

Ministry of Environment and Natural Ministry of Environment and Natural ResourcesResources

Office of the Registrar of PesticidesOffice of the Registrar of Pesticides Customs DepartmentCustoms Department Central Environmental AuthorityCentral Environmental Authority Imports and Exports Control DepartmentImports and Exports Control Department Board of Investment(BOI)Board of Investment(BOI)

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PBDE and other POPs contain in e-waste. Haphazard dumping of e-waste can cause

environmental and health effects by entering these chemicals in to the environment.

Open burning of e-waste can form carcinogenic gases such as Dioxin and Furans.

Corporate e-waste Management Program is being implemented.

E-waste and waste CFL bulbs can be handed over to licensed E-waste collectors for the recycling purposes.

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Corporate E-waste Management Program is being implemented with private sector participation.

E-waste and waste CFL bulbs can be handed over to licensed E-waste collectors for the recycling purposes.

National E-waste collection week held on 27th May 2014 to 02nd June 2014.

312 MT collected.

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Co-processingCo-processing: : Using cement Kiln as a world wide acceptable Using cement Kiln as a world wide acceptable

practice for disposing certain types of Hazardous practice for disposing certain types of Hazardous Chemicals and Wastes.Chemicals and Wastes.

Promotion of the exportation of certain Hazardous Promotion of the exportation of certain Hazardous Waste.Waste.

Temporary storage at the site of generation until Temporary storage at the site of generation until proper options are available.proper options are available.

Promote recycling.Promote recycling.

Encourage Encourage Cleaner Production Interventions Cleaner Production Interventions through EPL procedure) to reduce the quantity of through EPL procedure) to reduce the quantity of wastes. wastes. 43

Disposal Methods Currently adoptedDisposal Methods Currently adopted

Central Incineration facility at Angoda(Sub urban of Central Incineration facility at Angoda(Sub urban of Colombo)Colombo)

Individual Incinerators in some HospitalsIndividual Incinerators in some Hospitals

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Lack of technical expertise knowledge for overall HW Management.

Absences of environmentally sound final disposal facility.

Only facility in Sri Lanka is Holcim Cement kiln for co-processing (thermal destruction)

Lack of adequate testing facilities for Identification & Classification.

Nonavailability of proper insurance scheme to cover the risk arise during handling of HW

Lack of resources (Financial & Technical) 45

Co-processing Using the cement manufacturing process to recycle, reuse, or treat waste while simultaneously manufacturing cement in a single combined operation.

Features Flame temperatures 1800 - 20000 C Residence time 4-6 sec. Total destruction of material under

controlled conditions. No organic residues from the

process.

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Banned wastes for process at any point. (both pre-processing and co- processing)o Radioactive waste o Asbestos-containing waste o Explosives and ammunition / weapons o Anatomical medical waste

Banded waste list for co-process o Electronic fractions of electrical and electronic

waste (e-waste) .o Whole batteries as a targeted material stream. o Waste of unknown or unpredictable composition,

including unsorted municipal waste. 47

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• 2009 Higher Alternative Fuel(AF) volumes co-processed with clinker capacity increase - stepping in to industrial non hazardous waste.

• 2010 onwards – penetrate more and more in to industrial waste mainly targeting hazardous waste (e.g.: expired pharmaceuticals, sludge, pesticide waste,…) and introduction of Alternative Raw Materials.

88,713

69,62061,555

55,540

39,69642,811

27,36828,37821,642

6,0967,480297

2003 2004 2005 2013201220112010 2014 Bud2009200820072006

+67.9%

Introduction Growth

• Source reduction (process modification) • Separation and Volume reduction • Exchange sale as raw material• Energy recovery• Treatment• Secure ultimate disposal (land fill)

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1. Lack of Commitment of the relevant stakeholders.

2. Financial and Technological constraints.3. Lack of political will.4. The Negative/Passive role and attitudes of

Local politicians- i.e.. Provincial Councils Local Authorities5. People’s sovereignty.

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